1
|
Pihlajamaa I, de Bruijn R, van der Schoot P. Geometric percolation of hard-sphere dispersions in shear flow. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4167-4177. [PMID: 35593227 PMCID: PMC9157507 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We combine a heuristic theory of geometric percolation and the Smoluchowski theory of colloid dynamics to predict the impact of shear flow on the percolation threshold of hard spherical colloidal particles, and verify our findings by means of molecular dynamics simulations. It appears that the impact of shear flow is subtle and highly non-trivial, even in the absence of hydrodynamic interactions between the particles. The presence of shear flow can both increase and decrease the percolation threshold, depending on the criterion used for determining whether or not two particles are connected and on the Péclet number. Our approach opens up a route to quantitatively predict the percolation threshold in nanocomposite materials that, as a rule, are produced under non-equilibrium conditions, making comparison with equilibrium percolation theory tenuous. Our theory can be adapted straightforwardly for application in other types of flow field, and particles of different shape or interacting via other than hard-core potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilian Pihlajamaa
- Group of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - René de Bruijn
- Group of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul van der Schoot
- Group of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang N, Zhang D. Solution Self-Assembly of Coil-Crystalline Diblock Copolypeptoids Bearing Alkyl Side Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3131. [PMID: 34578031 PMCID: PMC8473287 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptoids, a class of synthetic peptidomimetic polymers, have attracted increasing attention due to their potential for biotechnological applications, such as drug/gene delivery, sensing and molecular recognition. Recent investigations on the solution self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolypeptoids highlighted their capability to form a variety of nanostructures with tailorable morphologies and functionalities. Here, we review our recent findings on the solutions self-assembly of coil-crystalline diblock copolypeptoids bearing alkyl side chains. We highlight the solution self-assembly pathways of these polypeptoid block copolymers and show how molecular packing and crystallization of these building blocks affect the self-assembly behavior, resulting in one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and multidimensional hierarchical polymeric nanostructures in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Macromolecular Studies Group, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan Z, Qian F, Sun H, Lu X, Li Y, Lv H, Dai C, Jiao M. Study on the mechanism of the effect of coumaric acid with different hydroxyl substituent positions on constructing light-regulated wormlike micelles. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Shen L, Wang TP, Lin FY, Torres S, Robison T, Kalluru SH, Hernández NB, Cochran EW. Polystyrene- block-Polydimethylsiloxane as a Potential Silica Substitute for Polysiloxane Reinforcement. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:781-787. [PMID: 35648526 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we report microphase-separated poly(styrene-block-dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) as a reinforcing filler in PDMS thermosets that overcomes the long-standing problem of aging in the processing of silica-reinforced silicone. Surprisingly, PS-b-PDMS reinforced composites display comparable mechanical performance to silica-modified analogs, even though the modulus of PS is much smaller than that of silica and there is no evidence of percolation with respect to the rigid PS domains. We have found that a few unique characteristics contribute to the reinforcing performance of PS-b-PDMS. The strong self-assembly behavior promotes batch-to-batch repeatability by having well-dispersed fillers. The structure and size of the fillers depend on the loading and characteristics of both filler and matrix, along with the shear effect. The reinforcing effect of PS-b-PDMS is mostly brought by the entanglements between the corona layer of the filler and the matrix, rather than the hydrodynamic reinforcement of the PS phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Tung-ping Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Fang-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sabrina Torres
- Kansas City National Security Campus, 14520 Botts Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64147, United States
| | - Thomas Robison
- Kansas City National Security Campus, 14520 Botts Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64147, United States
| | - Sri Harsha Kalluru
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nacú B. Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eric W. Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Vita F, Rosti ME, Caserta S, Brandt L. Numerical simulations of vorticity banding of emulsions in shear flows. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2854-2863. [PMID: 32107513 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase shear flows often show banded structures that affect the global behavior of complex fluids e.g. in microdevices. Here we investigate numerically the banding of emulsions, i.e. the formation of regions of high and low volume fractions, alternated in the vorticity direction and aligned with the flow (shear bands). These bands are associated with a decrease of the effective viscosity of the system. To understand the mechanism of experimentally observed banding, we have performed interface-resolved simulations of the two-fluid system. The experiments were performed starting with a random distribution of droplets, which under the applied shear, evolve in time resulting in a phase separation. To numerically reproduce this process, the banded structures are initialized in a narrow channel confined by two walls moving in opposite directions. We find that the initial banded distribution is stable when droplets are free to merge and unstable when coalescence is prevented. In this case, additionally, the effective viscosity of the system increases, resembling the rheological behavior of suspensions of deformable particles. Droplet coalescence, on the other hand, allows emulsions to reduce the total surface of the system and, hence, the energy dissipation associated with the deformation, which in turn reduces the effective viscosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Vita
- Linné Flow Center and SeRC (Swedish e-Science Research Center), KTH Mechanics, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang N, Yu T, Darvish OA, Qian S, Mkam Tsengam IK, John V, Zhang D. Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Coil–Comb-Shaped Polypeptoid Block Copolymers: Solution Morphology and Self-Assembly Pathways. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Omead A. Darvish
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Shuo Qian
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Igor Kevin Mkam Tsengam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Vijay John
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goh GL, Saengchairat N, Agarwala S, Yeong WY, Tran T. Sessile droplets containing carbon nanotubes: a study of evaporation dynamics and CNT alignment for printed electronics. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10603-10614. [PMID: 31135018 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03261d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are 1-dimensional (1D) and flexible nanomaterials with high electric conductivity and a high aspect ratio. These features make CNTs highly suitable materials for the fabrication of flexible electronics. CNTs can also be made into dispersions which can be used as the feedstock material for droplet-based 3D printing technologies, e.g., inkjet printing and aerosol jet printing to fabricate printed electronics. These printing techniques involve several physical processes including deposition of ink droplets on flexible polymeric substrates such as polyimides, evaporation of the solvent and formation of thin films of CNTs, all of which have not been thoroughly investigated. Besides, alignment of the CNTs in the resultant thin films dictates their electrical performance. In this work, we examine the effect of substrate temperature and CNT concentration on the evaporation dynamics and also the alignment in the deposition patterns. Evaporation-driven self-assembly of CNTs and their preferential alignment are observed. Image analysis and Raman spectroscopy are utilised to evaluate the degree of alignment of the CNT network. It is found that the contact line dynamics depends greatly on the CNT concentration. Besides, the substrate temperature plays a significant role in determining the order of the CNTs in the drying deposition pattern. Our findings show the possibility of controlling the film morphology and the degree of alignment of CNTs for printed electronics in the printing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liang Goh
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pasquino R, Droghetti H, Carbone P, Mirzaagha S, Grizzuti N, Marchisio D. An experimental rheological phase diagram of a tri-block co-polymer in water validated against dissipative particle dynamics simulations. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:1396-1404. [PMID: 30633291 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01959b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of tri-block co-polymer surfactants are able to aggregate into a rich variety of microstructures, which can exhibit different rheological behaviors. In this work, we study the diversity of structures detected in aqueous solutions of Pluronic L64 at various concentrations and temperatures by experimental rheometry and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. Mixtures of Pluronic L64 in water (ranging from 0 to 90 wt% Pluronic L64) have been studied in both linear and non-linear regimes by oscillatory and steady shear flow. The measurements allowed for the determination of a complete rheological phase diagram of the Pluronic L64-water system. The linear and non-linear regimes have been compared to equilibrium and non-equilibrium DPD bulk simulations of similar systems obtained by using the software LAMMPS. The molecular results are capable of reproducing the equilibrium structures, which are in complete agreement with the ones predicted through experimental linear rheology. The simulations also depict micellar microstructures after long time periods when a strong flow is applied. These structures are directly compared, from a qualitative point of view, with the corresponding experimental results and differences between the equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase diagrams are highlighted, proving the capability of detecting morphological changes caused by deformation in both experiments and DPD simulations. The effect of temperature on the rheology of the systems has been eventually investigated and compared with the already existing non-rheological phase diagram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Pasquino
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuczera S, Gentile L, Brox TI, Olsson U, Schmidt C, Galvosas P. Multilamellar Vesicle Formation Probed by Rheo-NMR and Rheo-SALS under Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8314-8325. [PMID: 29924625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) in the lyotropic lamellar phase of the system triethylene glycol mono n-decyl ether (C10E3)/water is investigated under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) using spatially resolved rheo-NMR spectroscopy and a combination of rheo-small angle light scattering (rheo-SALS) and conventional rheology. Recent advances in rheo-NMR hardware development facilitated the application of LAOS deformations in high-field NMR magnets. For the range of investigated strain amplitudes (10-50) and frequencies (1 and 2 rad s-1), MLV formation is observed in all NMR and most SALS experiments. It is found that the MLV size depends on the applied frequency in contrast to previous steady shear experiments where the shear rate is the controlling parameter. The onset of MLV formation, however, is found to vary with the shear amplitude. The LAOS measurements bear no indication of the intermediate structures resembling aligned multilamellar cylinders observed in steady shear experiments. Lissajous curves of stress vs strain reveal a transition from a viscoelastic solid material to a pseudoplastic material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kuczera
- Victoria University of Wellington , SCPS, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund , Sweden
| | - Luigi Gentile
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund , Sweden
- Department of Biology, MEMEG unit , Lund University , Sölvegatan 35 , 223 62 Lund , Sweden
| | - Timothy I Brox
- Victoria University of Wellington , SCPS, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Division of Physical Chemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund , Sweden
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry , Paderborn University , Warburger Strasse 100 , D-33098 Paderborn , Germany
| | - Petrik Galvosas
- Victoria University of Wellington , SCPS, MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Silva BFB. SAXS on a chip: from dynamics of phase transitions to alignment phenomena at interfaces studied with microfluidic devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23690-23703. [PMID: 28828415 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The field of microfluidics offers attractive possibilities to perform novel experiments that are difficult (or even impossible) to perform using conventional bulk and surface-based methods. Such attractiveness comes from several important aspects inherent to these miniaturized devices. First, the flow of fluids under submillimeter confinement typically leads to a drop of inertial forces, meaning that turbulence is practically suppressed. This leads to predictable and controllable flow profiles, along with well-defined chemical gradients and stress fields that can be used for controlled mixing and actuation on the micro and nanoscale. Secondly, intricate microfluidic device designs can be fabricated using cleanroom standard procedures. Such intricate geometries can take diverse forms, designed by researchers to perform complex tasks, that require exquisite control of flow of several components and gradients, or to mimic real world examples, facilitating the establishment of more realistic models. Thirdly, microfluidic devices are usually compatible with in situ or integrated characterization methods that allow constant real-time monitoring of the processes occurring inside the microchannels. This is very different from typical bulk-based methods, where usually one can only observe the final result, or otherwise, take quick snapshots of the evolving process or take aliquots to be analyzed separately. Altogether, these characteristics inherent to microfluidic devices provide researchers with a set of tools that allow not only exquisite control and manipulation of materials at the micro and nanoscale, but also observation of these effects. In this review, we will focus on the use and prospects of combining microfluidic devices with in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (and related techniques such as small-angle neutron scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy), and their enormous potential for physical-chemical research, mainly in self-assembly and phase-transitions, and surface characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F B Silva
- Department of Life Sciences, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reiser B, Gerstner D, Gonzalez-Garcia L, Maurer JHM, Kanelidis I, Kraus T. Spinning Hierarchical Gold Nanowire Microfibers by Shear Alignment and Intermolecular Self-Assembly. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4934-4942. [PMID: 28445646 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structures lend strength to natural fibers made of soft nanoscale building blocks. Intermolecular interactions connect the components at different levels of hierarchy, distribute stresses, and guarantee structural integrity under load. Here, we show that synthetic ultrathin gold nanowires with interacting ligand shells can be spun into biomimetic, free-standing microfibers. A solution spinning process first aligns the wires, then lets their ligand shells interact, and finally converts them into a hierarchical superstructure. The resulting fiber contained 80 vol % organic ligand but was strong enough to be removed from the solution, dried, and mechanically tested. Fiber strength depended on the wire monomer alignment. Shear in the extrusion nozzle was systematically changed to obtain process-structure-property relations. The degree of nanowire alignment changed breaking stresses by a factor of 1.25 and the elongation at break by a factor of 2.75. Plasma annealing of the fiber to form a solid metal shell decreased the breaking stress by 65%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Reiser
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dominik Gerstner
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lola Gonzalez-Garcia
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johannes H M Maurer
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kanelidis
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karis DG, Ono RJ, Zhang M, Vora A, Storti D, Ganter MA, Nelson A. Cross-linkable multi-stimuli responsive hydrogel inks for direct-write 3D printing. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00831g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple-stimuli responsive hydrogel can be 3D printed and cross-linked in the presence of a photoradical generator and 365 nm UV light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. Karis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Robert J. Ono
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | | | | | - Duane Storti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Mark A. Ganter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shagolsem LS, Kreer T, Galuschko A, Sommer JU. Diblock-copolymer thin films under shear. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:164908. [PMID: 27802665 DOI: 10.1063/1.4966151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The behavior of lamellae forming diblock-copolymer melts confined by two non-selective substrates under shear is studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Since the substrate/copolymer preferential interaction is absent, the vertically oriented lamellae (L⊥) are formed. The response of L⊥ phase under transverse and perpendicular modes of shear is studied for a wide range of shear rates, γ̇. In particular, shear deformation and reorientation transition, flow behavior, and difference in the macroscopic response under the two modes of shear are discussed. We show that an inclined lamellae state observed for transverse shear below a critical shear rate γ̇* is stabilized by a cyclic motion of chains close to the substrates. The value of γ̇*, at which lamellae dissolve and reorient along the flow field during transverse shear, coincides with the onset of shear-thinning. For γ̇<γ̇*, the shear viscosity for transverse shear is much larger compared to that observed in perpendicular shear, while there is no difference for γ̇>γ̇*.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenin S Shagolsem
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, Imphal 795004, India
| | - Torsten Kreer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andre Galuschko
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang M, Vora A, Han W, Wojtecki RJ, Maune H, Le ABA, Thompson LE, McClelland GM, Ribet F, Engler AC, Nelson A. Dual-Responsive Hydrogels for Direct-Write 3D Printing. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Musan Zhang
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Ankit Vora
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Wei Han
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Rudy J. Wojtecki
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Hareem Maune
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Alexander B. A. Le
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Leslie E. Thompson
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Gary M. McClelland
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Federico Ribet
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Amanda C. Engler
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rehage H, Fuchs R. Experimental and numerical investigations of the non-linear rheological properties of viscoelastic surfactant solutions: application and failing of the one-mode Giesekus model. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Pavlovskaya GE, Meersmann T. Spatial Mapping of Flow-Induced Molecular Alignment in a Noncrystalline Biopolymer Fluid Using Double Quantum Filtered (DQF) (23)Na MRI. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2632-2636. [PMID: 26277955 DOI: 10.1021/jz501075j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Flow-induced molecular alignment was observed experimentally in a non-liquid-crystalline bioplymeric fluid during developed tubular flow. The fluid was comprised of rigid rods of the polysaccharide xanthan and exhibited shear-thinning behavior. Without a requirement for optical transparency or the need for an added tracer, (23)Na magic angle (MA) double quantum filtered (DQF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enabled the mapping of the anisotropic molecular arrangement under flow conditions. A regional net molecular alignment was found in areas of high shear values in the vicinity of the tube wall. Furthermore, the xanthan molecules resumed random orientations after the cessation of flow. The observed flow-induced molecular alignment was correlated with the rheological properties of the fluid. The work demonstrates the ability of (23)Na MA DQF magnetic resonance to provide a valuable molecular-mechanical link.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina E Pavlovskaya
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gentile L, Behrens MA, Porcar L, Butler P, Wagner NJ, Olsson U. Multilamellar vesicle formation from a planar lamellar phase under shear flow. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:8316-25. [PMID: 24983325 DOI: 10.1021/la501071s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) from the lamellar phase of nonionic surfactant system C12E5/D2O under shear flow is studied by time-resolved small angle neutron and light scattering during shear flow. A novel small angle neutron scattering sample environment enables the tracking of the lamellae alignment in the velocity-velocity gradient (1-2) plane during MLV formation, which was tracked independently using flow small angle light scattering commensurate with rheology. During the lamellar-to-multilamellar vesicle transition, the primary Bragg peak from the lamellar ordering was observed to tilt, and this gradually increased with time, leading to an anisotropic pattern with a primary axis oriented at ∼25° relative to the flow direction. This distorted pattern persists under flow after MLV formation. A critical strain and critical capillary number based on the MLV viscosity are demonstrated for MLV formation, which is shown to be robust for other systems as well. These novel measurements provide fundamentally new information about the flow orientation of lamellae in the plane of flow that cannot be anticipated from the large body of previous literature showing nearly isotropic orientation in the 2,3 and 1,3 planes of flow. These observations are consistent with models for buckling-induced MLV formation but suggest that the instability is three-dimensional, thereby identifying the mechanism of MLV formation in simple shear flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gentile
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria , Pietro Bucci 12C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gentile L, Behrens MA, Balog S, Mortensen K, Ranieri GA, Olsson U. Dynamic Phase Diagram of a Nonionic Surfactant Lamellar Phase. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3622-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5009797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gentile
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Calabria, P. Bucci
14C, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Division of Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Manja A. Behrens
- Division of Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandor Balog
- Laboratory
for Neutron
Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Adolphe
Merkle
Institute, University of Fribourg, 1723 Marly 1, Switzerland
| | - Kell Mortensen
- Niels Bohr
Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe A. Ranieri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, University of Calabria, P. Bucci
14C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Ulf Olsson
- Division of Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao C, Yang C. Electrokinetics of non-Newtonian fluids: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 201-202:94-108. [PMID: 24148843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive review of electrokinetics pertaining to non-Newtonian fluids. The topic covers a broad range of non-Newtonian effects in electrokinetics, including electroosmosis of non-Newtonian fluids, electrophoresis of particles in non-Newtonian fluids, streaming potential effect of non-Newtonian fluids and other related non-Newtonian effects in electrokinetics. Generally, the coupling between non-Newtonian hydrodynamics and electrostatics not only complicates the electrokinetics but also causes the fluid/particle velocity to be nonlinearly dependent on the strength of external electric field and/or the zeta potential. Shear-thinning nature of liquids tends to enhance electrokinetic phenomena, while shear-thickening nature of liquids leads to the reduction of electrokinetic effects. In addition, directions for the future studies are suggested and several theoretical issues in non-Newtonian electrokinetics are highlighted.
Collapse
|
20
|
Anisotropic particles align perpendicular to the flow direction in narrow microchannels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6706-11. [PMID: 23569240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219340110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The flow orientation of anisotropic particles through narrow channels is of importance in many fields, ranging from the spinning and molding of fibers to the flow of cells and proteins through thin capillaries. It is commonly assumed that anisotropic particles align parallel to the flow direction. When flowing through narrowed channel sections, one expects the increased flow rate to improve the parallel alignment. Here, we show by microfocus synchrotron X-ray scattering and polarized optical microscopy that anisotropic colloidal particles align perpendicular to the flow direction after passing a narrow channel section. We find this to be a general behavior of anisotropic colloids, which is also observed for disk-like particles. This perpendicular particle alignment is stable, extending downstream throughout the remaining part of the channel. We show by microparticle image velocimetry that the particle reorientation in the expansion zone after a narrow channel section occurs in a region with considerable extensional flow. This extensional flow is promoted by shear thinning, a typical property of complex fluids. Our discovery has important consequences when considering the flow orientation of polymers, micelles, fibers, proteins, or cells through narrow channels, pipes, or capillary sections. An immediate consequence for the production of fibers is the necessity for realignment by extension in the flow direction. For fibrous proteins, reorientation and stable plug flow are likely mechanisms for protein coagulation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Caserta S, Guido S. Vorticity banding in biphasic polymer blends. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16254-16262. [PMID: 23134311 DOI: 10.1021/la303232w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pattern formation under the action of flow is a subject of considerable scientific interest with applications going from microfluidics to granular materials. Here, we present a systematic investigation of shear-induced banding in confined biphasic liquid-liquid systems, i.e., formation of alternating regions of high and low volume fraction of droplets in a continuous phase (shear bands). This phenomenon is investigated in immiscible polymer blends sheared in a sliding parallel plate flow cell. Starting from a spatially uniform distribution of droplets, the formation of bands aligned along the flow direction is observed, eventually leading to an almost complete separation between droplet-rich and continuous phase regions. The initial band size is related to the gap dimension; the merging of bands and consequent spacing reduction has also been observed for long times. Shear banding is only observed when the viscosity of the dispersed phase is lower as compared to the continuous phase and in a limited range of the applied shear rate. Rheological measurements show that band formation is associated with a viscosity decrease with respect to the homogeneous case, thus implying that system microstructure is somehow evolving toward reduced viscous dissipation under flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Caserta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, UdR INSTM, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
van der Sman RGM. Soft matter approaches to food structuring. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 176-177:18-30. [PMID: 22579293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We give an overview of the many opportunities that arise from approaching food structuring from the perspective of soft matter physics. This branch of physics employs concepts that build upon the seminal work of van der Waals, such as free volume, the mean field, and effective temperatures. All these concepts aid scientists in understanding and controlling the thermodynamics and (slow) dynamics of structured foods. We discuss the use of these concepts in four topics, which will also be addressed in a forthcoming Faraday Discussion on food structuring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G M van der Sman
- Agrotechnology and Food Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mykhaylyk OO, Parnell AJ, Pryke A, Fairclough JPA. Direct Imaging of the Orientational Dynamics of Block Copolymer Lamellar Phase Subjected to Shear Flow. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3004289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Parnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Andrew Pryke
- The Polymer Centre, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gentile L, Oliviero Rossi C, Olsson U. Rheological and rheo-SALS investigation of the multi-lamellar vesicle formation in the C12E3/D2O system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 367:537-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
25
|
Gentile L, Silva BFB, Balog S, Mortensen K, Olsson U. Structural transitions induced by shear flow and temperature variation in a nonionic surfactant/water system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 372:32-9. [PMID: 22321990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate structural transitions of tetraethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether (C(16)E(4)) in D(2)O as a function of shear flow and temperature. Via a combination of rheology, rheo-small-angle neutron scattering and rheo-small-angle light scattering, we probe the structural evolution of the system with respect to shear and temperature. Multi-lamellar vesicles, planar lamellae, and a sponge phase were found to compete as a function of shear rate and temperature, with the sponge phase involving the formation of a new transient lamellar phase with a larger spacing, coexisting with the preceding lamellar phase within a narrow temperature-time range. The shear flow behavior of C(16)E(4) is also found to deviate from other nonionic surfactants with shorter alkyl chains (C(10)E(3) and C(12)E(4)), resembling to the C(16)E(7) case, of longer chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gentile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabria, P. Bucci 14C, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Multi-lamellar vesicle formation in a long-chain nonionic surfactant: C16E4/D2O system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 362:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Youssry M, Coppola L. Cylindrical and Branched Micelles at Low Temperature: A Rheological Study. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2010.513321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Porcar L, Pozzo D, Langenbucher G, Moyer J, Butler PD. Rheo-small-angle neutron scattering at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:083902. [PMID: 21895253 DOI: 10.1063/1.3609863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe the design and operation of a modified commercial rheometer to simultaneously perform rheological measurements and structural studies by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The apparatus uses a Couette geometry shear cell allowing two of the three scattering planes to be observed by performing experiments in either the radial or tangential geometries. The device enables small angle neutron scattering patterns to be obtained simultaneously with a wide variety of rheological measurements such as stress/strain flow curves, oscillatory deformations, and creep, recovery and relaxation tests, from -20 °C to 150 °C, for samples with viscosities varying by several orders of magnitude. We give a brief report of recent experiments performed on a dispersion of acicular nanoparticles and biopolymer network under stress demonstrating the utility of such measurements. This device has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) and made available to the complex fluids community as part of the standard sample environment equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Porcar
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kaur S, Weerasekare GM, Stewart RJ. Multiphase adhesive coacervates inspired by the Sandcastle worm. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:941-4. [PMID: 21410239 PMCID: PMC3083470 DOI: 10.1021/am200082v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Water-borne, underwater adhesives were created by complex coacervation of synthetic copolyelectrolytes that mimic the proteins of the natural underwater adhesive of the sandcastle worm. To increase bond strengths, we created a second polymer network within cross-linked coacervate network by entrapping polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-dA) monomers in the coacervate phase. Simultaneous polymerization of PEG-dA and cross-linking of the coacervate network resulted in maximum shear bond strengths of ∼1.2 MPa. Approximately 40% of the entrapped PEG-dA polymerized based on attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The monomer-filled coacervate had complex flow behavior, thickening at low shear rates and then thinning suddenly with a 16-fold drop in viscosity at shear rates near 6 s(-1). The microscale structure of the complex coacervates resembled a three-dimensional porous network of interconnected tubules. The sharp shear thinning behavior is conceptualized as a structural reorganization between the interspersed phases of the complex coacervate. The bond strength and complex fluid behavior of the monomer-filled coacervates have important implications for medical applications of the adhesives.
Collapse
|
30
|
Aslund I, Medronho B, Topgaard D, Söderman O, Schmidt C. Homogeneous length scale of shear-induced multilamellar vesicles studied by diffusion NMR. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2011; 209:291-299. [PMID: 21349752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed protocol for pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) NMR is applied for the size determination of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). By monitoring the self-diffusion behavior of water, the technique yields an estimate of the homogeneous length scale λ(hom), i.e. the maximum length scale at which there is local structural heterogeneity in a globally homogeneous material. A cross-over between local non-Gaussian to global Gaussian diffusion is observed by varying the experimentally defined length- and time-scales. Occasional observation of a weak Bragg peak in the PGSE signal attenuation curves permits the direct estimation of the MLV radius in favorable cases, thus yielding the constant of proportionality between λ(hom) and radius. The microstructural origin of the Bragg peak is verified through Brownian dynamics simulations and a theoretical analysis based on the center-of-mass diffusion propagator. λ(hom) is decreasing with increasing shear rate in agreement with theoretical expectations and results from (2)H NMR lineshape analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Aslund
- Physical Chemistry, Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gentile L, Rossi CO, Olsson U, Ranieri GA. Effect of shear rates on the MLV formation and MLV stability region in the C12E5/D2O system: rheology and rheo-NMR and rheo-SANS experiments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:2088-2092. [PMID: 21261313 DOI: 10.1021/la1046047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
At high temperatures, pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E5) in D2O forms a swollen lamellar phase. This letter reports the shear-induced multilamellar vesicle (MLV) formation in a sample that contains 40 wt % C12E5 dissolved in D2O at 55 °C. This transition has been investigated by time-resolved rheo-nuclear magnetic resonance, rheo small-angle neutron scattering, and rheometry. The typical transient viscosity behavior of MLV formation has been discovered at 1 s(-1). For the first time, it has been found that MLVs are not stable over time when subjected to high shear rates. Our results show that the MLV stability is confined in a narrow region in the range 1-10 s(-1) shear rates. This is not observed for other CnEm surfactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gentile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabria , P. Bucci 14C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu C, Hao J. Shear-Induced Structural Transition and Recovery in the Salt-Free Catanionic Surfactant Systems Containing Deoxycholic Acid. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:980-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107946n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 240100, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 240100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Medronho B, Rodrigues M, Miguel MG, Olsson U, Schmidt C. Shear-induced defect formation in a nonionic lamellar phase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:11304-11313. [PMID: 20373778 DOI: 10.1021/la100627z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
(2)H NMR experiments on a nonionic oriented lamellar phase demonstrate that shear flow induces structural defects in the lamellar structure. These substantial structural changes give rise to a transition from a viscous to a solidlike behavior; the elastic modulus of presheared samples was found to increase, reversibly, with the applied preshear rate. A similar behavior was found when step-cycling the temperature toward the layer-to-multilamellar-vesicle transition and back at constant shear rate. However, while shear rate controls the defect density, the temperature is found to control the defect rigidity. The lamellar phase exhibits a shear-thinning behavior under steady shear conditions, following the power law eta approximately gamma(n), with n approximately -0.4. Both the shear thinning and the elastic behavior are in agreement with the available theoretical models. The observed shear-induced structural defects are reversible and can be regarded as a pretransition prior to the shear-induced formation of multilamellar vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Medronho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dong R, Hao J. Complex Fluids of Poly(oxyethylene) Monoalkyl Ether Nonionic Surfactants. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4978-5022. [DOI: 10.1021/cr9003743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renhao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yaron PN, Reynolds PA, McGillivray DJ, Mata JP, White JW. Nano- and Microstructure of High-Internal Phase Emulsions Under Shear. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:3500-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9084525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Yaron
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, and Bragg Institute, ANSTO, PMB 1, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Philip A. Reynolds
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, and Bragg Institute, ANSTO, PMB 1, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Duncan J. McGillivray
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, and Bragg Institute, ANSTO, PMB 1, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Jitendra P. Mata
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, and Bragg Institute, ANSTO, PMB 1, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - John W. White
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, and Bragg Institute, ANSTO, PMB 1, Menai, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Medronho B, Schmidt C, Olsson U, Miguel MG. Size determination of shear-induced multilamellar vesicles by rheo-NMR spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1477-1481. [PMID: 20099913 DOI: 10.1021/la903682p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A model for analyzing the deuterium ((2)H) NMR line shapes of D(2)O in surfactant multilamellar vesicle (MLV, "onion") systems is proposed. The assumption of the slow exchange of water molecules between adjacent layers implies that the (2)H NMR line shape is simply given by a sum of Lorentzians if the condition of motional narrowing is also fulfilled. Using the classical two-step model for the NMR relaxation in structured fluids allows us to calculate how the NMR line shape depends on the MLV size. The model is tested on two different MLV systems for which the NMR line shapes are measured as a function of the applied shear rate using rheo-NMR. The MLV sizes obtained are in good agreement with previous data from rheo-small-angle light scattering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Medronho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Qi Y, Littrell K, Thiyagarajan P, Talmon Y, Schmidt J, Lin Z, Zakin JL. Small-angle neutron scattering study of shearing effects on drag-reducing surfactant solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 337:218-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
38
|
Vlassopoulos D, Fytas G. From Polymers to Colloids: Engineering the Dynamic Properties of Hairy Particles. HIGH SOLID DISPERSIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2009_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
39
|
Cerdà JJ, Sintes T, Holm C, Sorensen CM, Chakrabarti A. Shear effects on crystal nucleation in colloidal suspensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:031403. [PMID: 18851034 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.031403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Extensive two-dimensional Langevin dynamics simulations are used to determine the effect of steady shear flows on the crystal nucleation kinetics of charge stabilized colloids and colloids whose pair potential possess an attractive shallow well of a few k_{B}T 's (attractive colloids). Results show that in both types of systems small amounts of shear speeds up the crystallization process and enhances the quality of the growing crystal significantly. Moderate shear rates, on the other hand, destroy the ordering in the system. The very high shear rate regime where a reentering transition to the ordered state could exist is not considered in this work. In addition to the crystal nucleation phenomena, the analysis of the transport properties and the characterization of the steady state regime under shear are performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Cerdà
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Ruth-Moufang-Strasse 1, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Medronho B, Shafaei S, Szopko R, Miguel MG, Olsson U, Schmidt C. Shear-induced transitions between a planar lamellar phase and multilamellar vesicles: continuous versus discontinuous transformation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6480-6. [PMID: 18517228 DOI: 10.1021/la800326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The shear-induced transitions between an oriented lamellar phase and shear-induced multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) in a nonionic surfactant system were studied by deuterium rheo-NMR spectroscopy as a function of time in start-up experiments at several temperatures and shear rates. By starting from an initial state of oriented lamellae and observing the transformation to the final steady state of MLVs and vice-versa, two different mechanisms were found, depending on the direction of the transition and the initial state. The transition is continuous when MLVs are formed, starting from the oriented lamellar phase. On the other hand, a discontinuous nucleation-and-growth process with a coexistence region is observed when transforming MLVs into an oriented lamellar phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Medronho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Physical Chemistry 1, Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Advances in structure formation of anisotropic protein-rich foods through novel processing concepts. Trends Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
Spatially resolved small-angle neutron scattering, SANS, has been used to investigate the response of the mixed microstructure of the dialkyl chain cationic and nonionic surfactant mixtures of (2,3-diheptadecyl ester ethoxy-n-propyl-1), 1,1,1-trimethyl ammonium chloride/octadecyl monododecyl ether, DHTAC/C18EO10, and DHTAC/dodecyl monododecadecyl ether, Coco20, over the velocity flow pattern of a crossed-slot elongational flow cell. The two different surfactant mixtures have different relative amounts of lamellar and micellar components, and this results in some differences in the flow-induced response. For the DHTAC/C18EO10, which is predominantly in the form of lamellar fragments, a complex pattern of orientational ordering is observed which reflects the competition between or demixing of the two principal flow directions in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Penfold
- ISIS, CCLRC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Medronho B, Miguel MG, Olsson U. Viscoelasticity of a nonionic lamellar phase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:5270-4. [PMID: 17439163 DOI: 10.1021/la063599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The linear viscoelastic properties of a nonionic lamellar phase in C-orientation were studied as a function of temperature by small-amplitude oscillatory measurements in the frequency range 0.5-5 Hz. An almost solid-like elastic response was observed at all studied temperatures, from 42 to 20 degrees C. In this range, the elastic modulus was found to increase strongly with decreasing temperature. The elasticity is attributed to screw dislocations connecting layers in the stack, and the data thus suggest that the density of screw dislocations decreases with increasing temperature. The lamellar phase forms an "onion" texture when continuously sheared at lower temperatures. It is argued that a possible origin for the shear-induced "onion" texture is the instability of the screw dislocations in shear flow. By 2H NMR experimentation, we also find the formation of a random mesh phase at lower temperatures. The presence of equilibrium bilayer perforations, however, does not correlate with the "onion" stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Medronho
- Physical Chemistry 1, Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ezrahi S, Tuval E, Aserin A. Properties, main applications and perspectives of worm micelles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 128-130:77-102. [PMID: 17239810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2006.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review deals with one of the most remarkable forms of surfactant aggregates, described as having a flexible, elongated cylindrical shape. Three structural scale lengths are pertinent to the flexibility and mobility of worm micelles: the cross-sectional radius, r(cs), the overall (contour) length, L, and the persistence length, l(p). The diversity of l(p) values in amphiphilic systems is demonstrated as well as the relation between L and l(p). The review also discusses the viscoelasticity of worm micelles and the relaxation mechanisms underlying this dominant property. Many aspects of viscoelasticity--such as non-linearity, shear banding, flow-induced phase transition, rheochaos--are only shortly described. The prevailing application of worm micelles, namely as fracture fluids and drag reducing agents are discussed in detail, stressing the effect of variations in the surfactant molecular structure on the efficacy of worm micelles. The vague possibility of using "smart" worm micelles in the foreseeable future is tersely outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ezrahi
- Materials and Chemistry Department, R and D and Project Management Unit, IDF, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Polacco G, Stastna J, Biondi D, Zanzotto L. Relation between polymer architecture and nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of modified asphalts. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
47
|
Castelletto V, Hamley IW, Crothers M, Attwood D, Yang Z, Booth C. Structure of Aqueous Gels Formed by Triblock and Diblock Copolymers with Oxyethylene and Oxyphenylethylene Blocks. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-120027748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian W. Hamley
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Michael Crothers
- b School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - David Attwood
- b School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Zhuo Yang
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Colin Booth
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Penfold J, Staples E, Tucker I, Carroll P, Clayton I, Cowan JS, Lawton G, Amin S, Ferrante A, Ruddock N. Elongational flow induced ordering in surfactant micelles and mesophases. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:1073-82. [PMID: 16471644 DOI: 10.1021/jp051122m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have used small angle neutron scattering, SANS, to investigate the elongational flow induced ordering in surfactant micelles and mesophases. Spatially resolved SANS measurements have been used to determine the distribution of orientational ordering over the flow velocity pattern in an elongational flow cell, and comparison with the effects of shear flow are made. Two different surfactant systems have been studied, the charged wormlike mixed micelles of hexaethylene monododecyl ether, C16E6/hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide, C16TAB (3% C16E(6)/5 mol% C16TAB), and the Lalpha lamellar phase of C16E6 (50.6 wt% C16E6 at 55 degrees C), and a substantially different response is observed. The orientational distribution of the Lalpha lamellar phase of C16E6 reflects the flow velocity pattern distribution within the cell, whereas for the wormlike mixed micelles of C16E6/C16TAB this is not the case, and this is associated with the shear thinning behavior of that system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Penfold
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Herle V, Fischer P, Windhab EJ. Stress driven shear bands and the effect of confinement on their structures--a rheological, flow visualization, and Rheo-SALS study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:9051-7. [PMID: 16171332 DOI: 10.1021/la0513959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An equimolar mixture of a cationic surfactant, cetylperidinium chloride (CPyCl), and salt sodium salicylate (NaSal) forms wormlike micelles in aqueous solutions. Under shear, the solution shows a pronounced shear-thickening behavior, which is coupled with oscillations in shear rate and the apparent viscosity. In this shear-thickening regime shear bands form, which also oscillate in position and intensity. These shear bands are visualized by direct imaging and Rheo-small angle light scattering methods. Temporal intensity fluctuations of the shear bands were evaluated using image analysis. Fourier transformations (FT) of the oscillating shear rate and intensity of the shear bands showed a single dominating frequency in the power spectrum analysis. This characteristic frequency as well as the amplitude of shear rate fluctuation was found to increase with stress. From the rheological and optical measurements, we propose that a stress driven mechanism is responsible for the formation of shear bands. Experiments performed in transparent parallel-plate geometry show dampening of the shear rate oscillations and increase in the characteristic frequency with decrease in the gap. Power spectrum analysis and the SALS measurements confirm the formation of different structures as a function of gap size in the parallel-plate geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishweshwara Herle
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, ETH-Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|