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Chhabra AK, Sune R, Reche A. Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Review of the Current Concepts in Management. Cureus 2023; 15:e47259. [PMID: 38022118 PMCID: PMC10655494 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a precancerous disorder of the submucosa that causes inflammation and progressive fibrosis, leading to pronounced stiffness and trismus. Chewing betel nuts is a significant risk factor for OSMF in India. Arecoline from betel nuts and copper, which causes fibroblast dysfunction and the development of fibrotic bands, are the main components of betel quid. OSMF is distinguished by fibrosis in the submucosal region, which affects the majority of the oral cavity and results in advanced lockjaw due to rigidity in the lips, pharynx, cheeks, and upper third of the oesophageal canal, which progresses to dysphagia. The prevalence of OSMF is rising, particularly among younger generations, as more commercially available areca nut products like gutka (chewing tobacco) and others are being introduced. The severity of OSMF develops as the practice continues and is permanent. It also persists even after chewing has been stopped. The hallmark of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is abnormal collagen deposition. It is a precancerous condition and progresses to malignant tumours. Symptoms include ulcers, xerostomia, submucous fibrosis, burning sensation, and a reduction in mouth opening. Each of these drastically reduces the patient's quality of life. In the past, many treatment modalities have been tried but none of them has resulted in a cure for the disease. The primary focus of the treatment is to reduce the signs and symptoms so that the patient can have a better quality of life. Along with principles, conservative, medical, and surgical management issues have also been covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneet K Chhabra
- Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ravikant Sune
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amit Reche
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Lee YH, Hsieh PL, Chao SC, Liao YW, Liu CM, Yu CC. α-Mangostin Inhibits the Activation of Myofibroblasts via Downregulation of Linc-ROR-Mediated TGFB1/Smad Signaling. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061321. [PMID: 36986051 PMCID: PMC10051815 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a premalignant disorder and persistent activation of myofibroblasts is implicated in this pathological progression. Increasing attention has been addressed towards non-coding RNA-regulated myofibroblasts activities and the effects of phytochemicals on non-coding RNA modulation are of great importance. In the present study, we examined the anti-fibrosis property of α-mangostin, a xanthone isolated from the pericarp of mangosteen. We found that α-mangostin exhibited inhibitory potency in myofibroblast activities and expression of fibrosis markers at the concentrations that caused neglectable damage to normal cells. Apart from the downregulation of TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling, we found that α-mangostin attenuated the expression of long non-coding RNA LincROR as well. Our results demonstrated that the effects of α-mangostin on myofibroblast activation were reverted when LincROR was overexpressed. Additionally, we showed the expression of LincROR in OSF specimens was elevated and silencing of LincROR successfully attenuated myofibroblast characteristics and TGF-β1/Smad2 activation. Taken together, these findings indicated that the anti-fibrosis effects of α-mangostin merit consideration and may be due to the attenuation of LincROR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsien Lee
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 265, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Liu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.L.); (C.-C.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.L.); (C.-C.Y.)
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Kazmi A, Abbas Z, Saleem Z, Haider S, Farooqui WA, Ahmed S. Relation of salivary MMP-8 with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a cross sectional analytical study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060738. [PMID: 36523229 PMCID: PMC9748963 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to evaluate salivary matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8) levels in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) for the purpose of diagnosis at the early stage via non-invasive method. SETTING The study was multicentre, carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS A total 60 participants of any age, sex and ethnicity were randomly selected for the purpose of this study. Patients demonstrating clinical evidence of OSF and biopsy-proven cases of OSCC were included. Patients with indeterminate histopathological report, immunodeficiency, autoimmune disorder, chronic medical and periodontal disease (periodontal depth greater than 5 mm) and individuals with interincisal mouth opening greater than 35 mm were excluded from the study. INTERVENTIONS Salivary MMP-8 levels were observed in OSF, healthy and OSCC groups by using ELISA. One way analysis of variance was applied to establish whether MMP-8 levels of disease-free individuals and patients suffering from OSF and OSCC differed from each other. RESULTS Statistically significant difference in salivary MMP-8 expression in diseased and control group was observed. MMP-8 levels in OSCC (0.64 ng/mL) and OSF (0.66 ng/mL) were underexpressed as compared with healthy participants (7.9 ng/mL). CONCLUSION MMP-8 levels were underexpressed in OSCC and OSF patients as compared with controls, which imply that MMP-8 level has an inverse relation with OSCC and OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Kazmi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zia Abbas
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohra Saleem
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Haider
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Bahria University medical and dental college, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed Farooqui
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences - Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Ahmed
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Fucoidan-Mediated Inhibition of Fibrotic Properties in Oral Submucous Fibrosis via the MEG3/miR-181a/Egr1 Axis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070833. [PMID: 35890132 PMCID: PMC9317791 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic fibrotic remodeling disease that can progress to oral cancer. However, efficient clinical diagnosis and treatment methods for OSF are still lacking. This study investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of fucoidan on oral fibrosis. To evaluate the fibrotic ability (myofibroblast activities), we performed wound-healing, Transwell migration, and collagen contraction assays by using patient-derived normal and fibrotic buccal submucous fibroblasts (BMFs and fBMFs, respectively). RNA-sequencing and dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation chip assays were performed to identify the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of non-coding RNAs. Fucoidan suppressed the myofibroblast activities and inhibited the MEG3 in fBMFs. MEG3 was overexpressed in the OSF tissue and was positively associated with myofibroblast markers. Knockdown of MEG3 markedly inhibited myofibroblast activities, which were restored by inhibiting miR-181a and overexpressing Egr1. The results from luciferase reporter and RIP assays confirmed that MEG3 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and could directly target miR-181a, thereby preventing the miR-181a-mediated translational repression of Egr1. This study demonstrated that MEG3 exerts a profibrotic effect on OSF by targeting miR-181a/Egr1. Therefore, the administration of fucoidan may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for OSF by targeting the overexpression of MEG3.
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Mohideen K, Krithika C, Jeddy N, Shamsuddin S, Basheer SA, Sainudeen S, Alomar AA, Sahly SA, Mushtaq S, Raj AT, Zanza A, Testarelli L, Patil S. Depleting levels of endogenous anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase in oral sub-mucous fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:343-351. [PMID: 35498388 PMCID: PMC9048120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The systematic review is aimed to assess the antioxidant status by superoxide dismutase level in oral sub-mucous fibrosis using available literature. Materials and methods A literature search was accomplished electronically in Pubmed (MeSH), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science core collection, Cochrane, and Cross-reference, using the keywords such as 'oral submucous fibrosis,' 'antioxidant status' and 'superoxide dismutase.' Results Of the 352 articles identified, only 16 satisfied the selection criteria and were included in the systematic review. Among the selected, six studies were included for serum level analysis of superoxide dismutase. The assessment showed a significant reduction of serum superoxide dismutase in oral submucous fibrosis patients than in control (p < 0.004). The mean difference in serum superoxide dismutase concentration between oral submucous fibrosis and healthy subjects was -86.23 U/ml (95% CI -145.30, -27.17). The serum SOD level was significantly reduced as the disease progressed to stage I or stage II (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion The studies showed significantly lower levels of superoxide dismutase in various human samples of patients with OSMF. Therefore, further studies are required to estimate antioxidant status using different biomarkers of oral submucous fibrosis concerning different stages of the disease in order to augment future therapy. Clinical relevance Assessment of antioxidant activity helps to identify the patients at risk of malignant transformation. It serves as a reliable guide to validate therapy. It serves as a marker of prognosis in patients suffering from oral submucous fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Mohideen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - C. Krithika
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Nadeem Jeddy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Shaheen Shamsuddin
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulphi Abdul Basheer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shan Sainudeen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Shazia Mushtaq
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Dental Health Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Alessio Zanza
- Department of Maxillo and Oro-Facial Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Maxillo and Oro-Facial Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Gupta S, Jawanda MK. Oral submucous fibrosis: An overview of a challenging entity. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 87:768-777. [PMID: 33969655 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_371_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is considered to be a mirror of the body's health, as it reflects the manifestations of various systemic disorders. Most of the oral mucosa is derived embryologically from an invagination of ectoderm and thus, like other similar orifices, it may become involved in the disorders that are primarily associated with the skin. Oral submucous fibrosis is one of the commonest precancerous conditions of the oral mucosa involving any part of the oral cavity resulting in tissue scarring, dysphagia and trismus. It is a collagen-related disorder characterized by excessive fibrosis in the oral submucosa, hyalinization and degenerative changes in the muscles. This disease has become a challenging entity for dermatologists due to resemblance of its features to various mucocutaneous conditions. An improper diagnosis can lead to wrong treatment and additional complications. Dermatologists need to be aware of the characteristic features of this disease which can distinguish it from other similar conditions. This review aims to focus on the detailed aspects of oral submucous fibrosis including its historical background, etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigations, management and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology & Forensic Odontology, Rayat Bahra Dental College and Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Manveen Kaur Jawanda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology & Forensic Odontology, Luxmibai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Das A, Giri S. A Review on Role of Arecoline and Its Metabolites in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Oral Lesions with an Insight into Current Status of Its Metabolomics. Prague Med Rep 2020; 121:209-235. [PMID: 33270010 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2020.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut consumption is a popular habit in Southeast Asian countries. One of the important biologically active alkaloids of areca nut is arecoline, which plays a role in mediating the development of several pathologies of the primary exposure site, the oral cavity. Studies on the metabolism of arecoline revealed the formation of several metabolites which themselves might be toxic. Moreover, polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of arecoline might predispose an organism towards the development of oral cancer. The present review tries to accumulate all the relevant existing literature and then elucidate the molecular mechanism by which arecoline plays a role in the development of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. Existing information regarding arecoline metabolism, enzymes involved in the metabolic process and biological effects of the metabolites of arecoline have also been compiled and compared to study the toxicity of metabolites with its parent compound arecoline and whether they play any role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer mediated by areca nut consumption. A repertoire of molecular targets has come up in the discussion whose expression profile is perturbed by arecoline. Construction of induction cascade from existing literature has given an idea about the process of molecular pathogenesis. The summarized and analysed data can help to determine the molecular mechanism and drug targets, which in turn could be helpful in the prevention or treatment of these pathological conditions. It also brings into light areas where further research needs to be directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Das
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India.
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Genetic Susceptibility and Protein Expression of Extracellular Matrix Turnover-Related Genes in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218104. [PMID: 33143101 PMCID: PMC7663238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) chewing increased the risk of oral cancer and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), an oral premalignant disorder (OPMD) with malignant transformation potential. BQ components such as areca nut (AN), trauma by coarse AN fiber, catechin, copper, alkaloids, stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and cytotoxicity are suggested to be the contributing factors. They may induce tissue inflammation, proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen deposition, myofibroblast differentiation and contraction, collagen cross-links and inhibit collagen phagocytosis, finally leading to the development of OSMF and oral cancer. These events are mediated by BQ components-induced changes of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover via regulation of TGF-β1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), cystatin, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and metalloproteinases (MMPs). Genetic susceptibility is also involved in these disease processes. Further understanding the molecular mechanisms of BQ-induced OSMF and oral cancer can be helpful for future disease prevention and treatment.
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Positive Feedback Loop of SNAIL-IL-6 Mediates Myofibroblastic Differentiation Activity in Precancerous Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061611. [PMID: 32570756 PMCID: PMC7352888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a premalignant disorder of the oral cavity, and areca nut chewing is known to be a major etiological factor that could induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activate buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). However, this detailed mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we showed that the upregulation of Snail in OSF samples and fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs) may result from constant irritation by arecoline, a major alkaloid of the areca nut. The elevation of Snail triggered myofibroblast transdifferentiation and was crucial to the persistent activation of fBMFs. Meanwhile, Snail increased the expression of numerous fibrosis factors (e.g., α-SMA and collagen I) as well as IL-6. Results from bioinformatics software and a luciferase-based reporter assay revealed that IL-6 was a direct target of Snail. Moreover, IL-6 in BMFs was found to further increase the expression of Snail and mediate Snail-induced myofibroblast activation. These findings suggested that there was a positive loop between Snail and IL-6 to regulate the areca nut-associated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, which implied that the blockage of Snail may serve as a favorable therapeutic strategy for OSF treatment.
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Chaurasia A, Singh N, Sahu D, Mishra A. Comparative Evaluation of role of Lysyl oxidase gene (LOXG473A) expression in pathogenesis and malignant transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e858-e864. [PMID: 31636853 PMCID: PMC6797463 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification and comparison of gene expression of Lysyl oxidase (LOX) in oral submucous fibrosis and controls and to determine its role in Pathogenesis of Oral submucous fibrosis. Material and Methods Of total sample size (n=127), the whole blood sample were collected from case and control group in citrate vial. It is centrifused and stored at -800C. We collected and isolated RNA from blood of case group (n=127) and age and sex matched control group (n=127) recruited on the basis of inclusion criteria. The cDNA was prepared for 127 samples which were processed for gene expression of Lysyl oxidase (LOX) in relation to housekeeping genes (Beta actin and 18srRNA) and its role in pathogenesis of Oral submucous fibrosis. Results In relative expression (Normalized ratio),relatively 11 cases shown down-regulation of lysyl oxidase gene while 27 cases shows up-regulation of lysyl oxidase gene while in 89 cases there were no regulation i.e expression of lysyl oxidase gene in case group was of same degree of control. In non-relative expression results (Non-normalized ratio), the 38 cases shown down regulation of LOX gene while in 53 cases, it was up-regulated however in remaining 36 cases there was neither up-regulation nor down-regulation of Lysyl oxidase gene i.e the expression of LOX gene is null. Conclusions In oral submucous fibrosis, the expression of Lysyl oxidase gene is mixed type i.e either it will down regulate/upregulate or there will be no expression at all comparatively. However in majority of cases the upregulation of lysyl oxidase is relatively more common than down-regulation or non expression of Lysyl oxidase gene. Key words:Oral submucous fibrosis, lysyl oxidase, betel nut, premalignant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Assistant professor. Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology. Faculty of Dental Sciences. King George's Medical Unniversity Lucknow
| | - Neetu Singh
- Associate Professor. Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research. King George's Medical University, Lucknow
| | - Dinesh Sahu
- Post doctoral Fellow. Molecular Biology Unit. Center for Advance Research. King George's Medical University, Lucknow
| | - Archna Mishra
- PhD Scholar. Molecular Biology Unit, Center for Advance Research. King George's Medical University, Lucknow
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Li YC, Cheng AJ, Lee LY, Huang YC, Chang JTC. Multifaceted Mechanisms of Areca Nuts in Oral Carcinogenesis: the Molecular Pathology from Precancerous Condition to Malignant Transformation. J Cancer 2019; 10:4054-4062. [PMID: 31417650 PMCID: PMC6692602 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most frequent malignant diseases worldwide, and areca nut is a primary carcinogen causing this cancer in Southeast Asia. It has been widely reported that areca nut induced several cytotoxic effects in oral cells, including ROS generation, inflammation, tissue hypoxia, DNA damage, and cell invasion. Recently, through chronic exposure model, more extensive pathological effects due to areca nut have been found. These include the induction of autophagy, promotion of epithelial- mesenchymal transition, and facilitation of cancer stemness conversion. Clinical findings support these adverse effects. Oral submucosal fibrosis, a premalignant condition, is prevalent in the area with habitual chewing of areca nuts. Consistently, oral cancer patients with habitual chewing areca nut exhibit more aggressive phenotypes, including resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. In this review, we comprehensively discuss and concisely summarize the up-to-date molecular and cellular mechanisms by which areca nuts contribute to malignant transformation. This review may provide critical information regarding clinical applications in risk assessment, disease prevention, diagnosis, and personalized therapeutics for areca nut-induced oral malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Joy Cheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Tung-Chieh Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Lin CY, Hsieh PL, Liao YW, Peng CY, Yu CC, Lu MY. Arctigenin Reduces Myofibroblast Activities in Oral Submucous Fibrosis by LINC00974 Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061328. [PMID: 30884781 PMCID: PMC6470833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an oral precancerous condition associated with the habit of areca nut chewing and the TGF-β pathway. Currently, there is no curative treatment to completely heal OSF, and it is imperative to alleviate patients’ symptoms and prevent it from undergoing malignant transformation. Arctigenin, a lignan extracted from Arctium lappa, has been reported to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-fibrosis. In the present study, we examined the effect of arctigenin on the cell proliferation of buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) and fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs), followed by assessment of myofibroblast activities. We found that arctigenin was able to abolish the arecoline-induced collagen gel contractility, migration, invasion, and wound healing capacities of BMFs and downregulate the myofibroblast characteristics of fBMFs in a dose-dependent manner. Most importantly, the production of TGF-β in fBMFs was reduced after exposure to arctigenin, along with the suppression of p-Smad2, α-smooth muscle actin, and type I collagen A1. In addition, arctigenin was shown to diminish the expression of LINC00974, which has been proven to activate TGF-β/Smad signaling for oral fibrogenesis. Taken together, we demonstrated that arctigenin may act as a suitable adjunct therapy for OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yeh Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yu Peng
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yi Lu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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Divyambika CV, Sathasivasubramanian S, Vani G, Vanishree AJ, Malathi N. Correlation of Clinical and Histopathological Grades in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients with Oxidative Stress Markers in Saliva. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:348-355. [PMID: 30072836 PMCID: PMC6052729 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to correlate the oxidative stress marker levels in saliva with the clinical stage based on mouth opening, fibrotic bands and histopathological grades of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients. The study included patients clinically diagnosed with OSF (n = 63) and equal number of age and gender matched controls. Patients with OSF were defined by mouth opening stage, fibrotic bands and histopathological grades. Unstimulated saliva from both control and OSF patients were analysed for oxidative markers like lipid peroxides (LPO), non-enzymic antioxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C] and enzymatic antioxidants [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and correlated with different stages and grades. Total salivary protein and LPO were significantly increased in OSF group with no significant change in the levels of GSH compared to controls. In OSF patients, a significant decrease in the levels of vitamins A, C and E was observed. The activities of salivary SOD and GPx were significantly decreased in OSF patients compared to controls. These changes significantly correlated with the increasing and differing grades of OSF that reflects increased oxidative stress with the progress of OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. V. Divyambika
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116 India
| | - S. Sathasivasubramanian
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116 India
| | - G. Vani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | - A. J. Vanishree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | - N. Malathi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, 600 116 India
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Hsieh YP, Wu KJ, Chen HM, Deng YT. Arecoline activates latent transforming growth factor β1 via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in buccal fibroblasts: Suppression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:527-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Pan H, Li Y, Huang L, Zhou X, Lu Y, Shi F. Development and validation of a rapid LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of arecoline and its two active metabolites in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 154:397-403. [PMID: 29573735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Arecoline is the primary active and toxic constituent of areca nut. Arecaidine and arecoline N-oxide are two major active metabolites of arecoline. In this work, an accurate and simple high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of arecoline, arecaidine and arecoline N-oxide in rat plasma was developed and fully validated to study their pharmacokinetic behaviors in rats. After extracted from rat plasma by protein precipitation with methanol and then concentrated, the analytes were chromatographic separated on a Sepax Sapphire C18 analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol and 2 mM ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.2% (v/v) formic acid (8:92, v/v) under isocratic elution. The analytes were detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with an electrospray ionization source in the positive ion mode. The transitions of m/z 156.2 → 53.2, m/z 142.2 → 44.2 and m/z 172.2 → 60.2 were selected for arecoline, arecaidine and arecoline N-oxide, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.5-100 ng/mL for arecoline, 5-5000 ng/mL for arecaidine and arecoline N-oxide with no carry-over effect. The accuracies and intra- and inter-batch precisions were all within the acceptance limits. No matrix effect and potential interconversion between the analytes and other metabolites were observed in this method. The validated method was further employed to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of arecoline, arecaidine and arecoline N-oxide after oral treatment with 20 mg/kg arecoline to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - Linyan Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - Xumei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China.
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China.
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16
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Das T, Prodhan C, Patsa S, Ray JG, Chaudhuri K. Identification of over expressed proteins in oral submucous fibrosis by proteomic analysis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4361-4371. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Das
- Molecular Genetics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Chandraday Prodhan
- Molecular Genetics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
| | - Santanu Patsa
- Department of Oral PathologyDr. R Ahmed Dental College and HospitalKolkataIndia
| | - Jay Gopal Ray
- Department of Oral PathologyDr. R Ahmed Dental College and HospitalKolkataIndia
| | - Keya Chaudhuri
- Molecular Genetics DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkataIndia
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Chaudhary AK, Chaudhary S, Ghosh K, Shanmukaiah C, Nadkarni AH. Secretion and Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and 9 from Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1519-29. [PMID: 27039800 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase -2 (gelatinase-A, Mr 72,000 type IV collagenase, MMP-2) and -9 (gelatinase-B, Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase, MMP-9) are key molecules that play roles in tumor growth, invasion, tissue remodeling, metastasis and stem-cell regulation by digesting extracellular matrix barriers. MMP-2 and -9 are well known to impact on solid cancer susceptibility, whereas, in hematological malignancies, a paucity of data is available to resolve the function of these regulatory molecules in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) and stromal cells of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate mRNA expression and gelatinase A and B secretion from BM-MNCs in vitro and genotypic associations of MMP-2 (-1306 C/T; rs243865), MMP-9 (-1562 C/T; rs3918242), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase -1 (TIMP-1) (372T/C; rs4898, Exon 5) and TIMP-2 (-418G/C; rs8179090) in MDS and AML. RESULTS The study covered cases of confirmed MDS (n=50), AML (n=32) and healthy controls (n=110). MMP- 9 mRNA expression revealed 2 fold increased expression in MDS-RAEB II and 2.5 fold in AML M-4 (60-70% blasts). Secretion of gelatinase- B also revealed the MMP-9 mRNA expression and ELISA data also supported these data. We noted that those patients having more blast crises presented with more secretion of MMP-9 and its mRNA expression. In contrast MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) showed significant polymorphic associations in MDS (p<0.02) and AML (p<0.02). MMP-9 mRNA expression of C/T and T/T genotypes were 1.5 and 2.5 fold increased in MDS and AML respectively. In AML, MMP-2 C/T and T/T genotypes showed 2.0 fold mRNA expression. Only MMP-9 (-1306 C/T) showed significant 4 fold (p<0.001) increased risk with chemical and x-ray exposed MDS, while tobacco and cigarette smokers have 3 fold (p<0.04) risk in AML. CONCLUSIONS In view of our results, MMP-9 revealed synergistic secretion and expression in blast crises of MDS and AML with 'gene' polymorphic effects and is significantly associated with increased risk with tobacco, cigarette and environmental exposure. Release and secretion of these enzymes may influence hematopoietic cell behavior and may be important in the clinical point of view. It may offer valuable tools for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possible targets for the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Chaudhary
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohematology (NIIH-ICMR), King Edward Memorial Hospital Campus, Mumbai, India E-mail : ,
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Chickooree D, Zhu K, Ram V, Wu HJ, He ZJ, Zhang S. A preliminary microarray assay of the miRNA expression signatures in buccal mucosa of oral submucous fibrosis patients. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 45:691-697. [PMID: 26991343 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are threefold: First is to perform a preliminary microarray analysis of miRNA expression profile to filter out differentially expressed miRNA in oral submucous fibrosis, second is to perform a bioinformatics analysis to identify miRNA-specific predicted genes, and third to retrieve those miRNAs from literature and account for the findings of our investigations. METHODS Buccal mucosa samples from three clinically evident OSF patients and three normal volunteers were collected. Agilent Human miRNA microarray experiments were carried out to analyze the miRNA expression profile in both OSF and normal tissues. To identify molecular pathways potentially altered by expression of miRNAs, DAVID software was used. This application performs an enrichment analysis of multiple miRNA target genes comparing each set of miRNA targets to known KEGG pathway. RESULTS A total of 11 unique miRNAs were differentially expressed. The overexpressed miRNAs were hsa-miR-455-3p, hsa-miR-455-5p, and hsa-miR-623, and underexpressed miRNAs were hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-3180-3p, hsa-miR-4792, hsa-miR-509-3-5p, hsa-miR-5189, hsa-miR-610, hsa-miR-760, and hsa-miR-921. Six miRNAs namely miR-455, miR-760, miR-623, miR-610 and miR-509-3-5p were selected. CONCLUSION This study shows that miRNA chip can be used for high-throughput screening of miRNA. Target prediction and annotation of the miRNAs demonstrated that the binding, metabolic process, molecular, and cellular process are the most common functions of the predicted targets of these newly identified miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daminee Chickooree
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, The second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Keke Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, The second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Vahsish Ram
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, The first Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Han Jiang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, The second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Jing He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, The second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, The second Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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19
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Chang YC, Lin CW, Yu CC, Wang BY, Huang YH, Hsieh YC, Kuo YL, Chang WW. Resveratrol suppresses myofibroblast activity of human buccal mucosal fibroblasts through the epigenetic inhibition of ZEB1 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:12137-49. [PMID: 26934322 PMCID: PMC4914274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition of the oral mucosa without specific therapeutic drugs. We previously demonstrated that the zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) plays a pathogenic role in the induction of the myofibroblast activity of buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) and contributes to the pathogenesis of OSF. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic flavonoid with anti-fibrosis activity in various tissues and has the capability to inhibit ZEB1 in oral cancer cells. We examined the effect of resveratrol on the myofibroblast activity of human primary fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs) derived from OSF tissues. With the collagen contraction assay, resveratrol displayed anti-myofibroblast activity in three fBMF lines. Resveratrol also inhibited the expression of fibrogenic genes at the mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The downregulation of ZEB1 in fBMFs by resveratrol was mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, such as the upregulated expression of miR-200c and the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), as well as the trimethylated lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). Resveratrol also increased the binding of H3K27me3 to the ZEB1 promoter. The knockdown of EZH2 in fBMFs caused the upregulation of ZEB1 and suppressed the inhibitory effect of resveratrol. Furthermore, the reversed expression pattern between EZH2 and ZEB1 was observed in 6/8 OSF tissues with twofold upregulation of ZEB1 expression compared with the adjacent normal mucosa. In conclusion, our data suggest that resveratrol epigenetically inhibits ZEB1 expression to suppress the myofibroblast activity of fBMFs and may serve as a dietary supplement for OSF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Chang
- 1 School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,2 Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- 1 School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,2 Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,4 Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yen Wang
- 5 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,6 Division of Throacic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan,7 School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Huang
- 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chih Hsieh
- 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Kuo
- 8 School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,9 Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,10 Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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20
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Donoghue M, Basandi PS, Adarsh H, Madhushankari GS, Selvamani M, Nayak P. Habit-associated salivary pH changes in oral submucous fibrosis-A controlled cross-sectional study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:175-81. [PMID: 26604493 PMCID: PMC4611925 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.164529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a multi-causal inflammatory reaction to the chemical or mechanical trauma caused due to exposure to arecanut containing products with or without tobacco (ANCP/T). Arecanut and additional components such as lime and chewing tobacco render ANCP/T highly alkaline. Fibrosing repair is a common reaction to an alkaline exposure in the skin. OSF may be related to the alkaline exposure by ANCP/T in a similar manner. Aims: The study was aimed at establishing the relationship of habit-associated salivary pH changes and OSF. Settings and Design: The study design was controlled cross-sectional. Materials and Methods: Base line salivary pH (BLS pH), salivary pH after chewing the habitual ANCP/T substance, post chew salivary pH (PCSpH) for 2 min and salivary pH recovery time (SpHRT) were compared in 30 OSF patients and 30 sex-matched individuals with ANCP/T habits and apparently healthy oral mucosa. Results: The group's mean BLSpH values were similar and within normal range and representative of the population level values. The average PCSpH was significantly higher (P ˂ 0.0001) than the average BLSpH in both groups. There was no significant difference (P = 0.09) between PCSpH of OSF patients and controls. OSF patients had a significantly longer (P = 0.0076) SpHRT than controls. Factors such as age, daily exposure, cumulative habit years, BLSpH and PCSpH, had varying effects on the groups. Conclusions: Chewing ANCP/T causes a significant rise in salivary pH of all individuals. SpHRT has a significant association with OSF. The effect of salivary changes in OSF patients differs with those in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Donoghue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen S Basandi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - H Adarsh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - G S Madhushankari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - M Selvamani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Prachi Nayak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Lee SS, Chen YJ, Tsai CH, Huang FM, Chang YC. Elevated transglutaminase-2 expression mediates fibrosis in areca quid chewing-associated oral submucocal fibrosis via reactive oxygen species generation. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1029-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Wang YP, Wu YC, Cheng SJ, Chen HM, Sun A, Chang JYF. High frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in oral submucous fibrosis patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 114:813-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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23
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Dai JP, Zhu DX, Sheng JT, Chen XX, Li WZ, Wang GF, Li KS, Su Y. Inhibition of Tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B on Areca nut extract-induced oral submucous fibrosis in vitro. Molecules 2015; 20:6794-807. [PMID: 25884554 PMCID: PMC6272768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been reported to possess excellent antifibrotic activity. In this study, we have investigated the effect and mechanism of tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA), salvianolic acid A (Sal-A) and salvianolic acid B (Sal-B), the important active compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, on areca nut extract (ANE)-induced oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) in vitro. Through human procollagen gene promoter luciferase reporter plasmid assay, hydroxyproline assay, gelatin zymography assay, qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot assay, the influence of these three compounds on ANE-stimulated cell viability, collagen accumulation, procollagen gene transcription, MMP-2/-9 activity, MMP-1/-13 and TIMP-1/-2 expression, cytokine secretion and the activation of PI3K/AKT, ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK and TGF-β/Smads pathways were detected. The results showed that Tan-IIA, Sal-A and Sal-B could significantly inhibit the ANE-stimulated abnormal viability and collagen accumulation of mice oral mucosal fibroblasts (MOMFs), inhibit the transcription of procollagen gene COL1A1 and COL3A1, increase MMP-2/-9 activity, decrease TIMP-1/-2 expression and inhibit the transcription and release of CTGF, TGF-β1, IL-6 and TNF-α; Tan-IIA, Sal-A and Sal-B also inhibited the ANE-induced activation of AKT and ERK MAPK pathways in MOMFs and the activation of TGF-β/Smads pathway in HaCaT cells. In conclusion, Tan-IIA, Sal-A and Sal-B possess excellent antifibrotic activity in vitro and can possibly be used to promote the rehabilitation of OSF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Dan-Xia Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Jiang-Tao Sheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Ge-Fei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Kang-Sheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Prabhu RV, Prabhu V, Chatra L, Shenai P, Suvarna N, Dandekeri S. Areca nut and its role in oral submucous fibrosis. J Clin Exp Dent 2014; 6:e569-75. [PMID: 25674328 PMCID: PMC4312688 DOI: 10.4317/jced.51318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut, commonly called as betel nut or supari, is a fruit of areca catechu palm tree, which is native of South Asia and Pacific Islands. The seed or endosperm is consumed fresh, boiled or after sun drying or curing. Chewing areca nut is thought to have central nervous system stimulating effect and along with this it is known to have salivary stimulating and digestive properties. According to the traditional Ayurvedic medicine, chewing areca nut and betel leaf is a good remedy against halitosis. It is also used for its deworming property. Along with these beneficial effects of areca nut one of its most harmful effects on the human body in general and oral cavity in particular is the development of potentially malignant disorder called Oral Submucous Fibrosis. The present paper discusses in detail the effects of the components of areca nut on pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Key words:Areca nut, oral submucous fibrosis, potentially malignant disorder, supari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana V Prabhu
- Reader. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishnudas Prabhu
- Professor. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Yenepoya Detal College and Hospital. Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Laxmikanth Chatra
- Professor and Head. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Shenai
- Senior Professor. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Suvarna
- Professor. Department of Encodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Savita Dandekeri
- Professor. Department of Prosthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College,Yenepoya University,Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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25
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Tsai CH, Lee SS, Chang YC. Hypoxic regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in human buccal mucosa fibroblasts stimulated with arecoline. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:669-73. [PMID: 25367145 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is regarded as a pre-cancerous condition with fibrosis in oral subepithelial connective tissue. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α regulates a wide variety of profibrogenic genes, which are closely associated with tissue fibrosis. The aim of this study was to compare HIF-1α expression in normal buccal mucosa tissues and OSF specimens and further explore the potential mechanisms that may lead to the induction of HIF-1α expression. METHOD Twenty-five OSF specimens and six normal buccal mucosa were examined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of HIF-1α from fibroblasts cultured from OSF and normal buccal mucosa was measured by Western blot. Arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, was challenged to normal buccal mucosa fibroblasts (BMFs) to elucidate whether HIF-1α expression could affect by arecoline. In addition, the effects of arecoline on plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression were evaluated in environmental hypoxia. RESULTS HIF-1α expression was significantly higher in OSF specimens and expressed mainly by fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and inflammatory cells. Fibroblasts derived from OSF were found to exhibit higher HIF-1α protein expression than BMFs (P < 0.05). Arecoline was found to upregulate HIF-1α protein in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Hypoxia increased arecoline-induced PAI-1 protein expression than normoxic conditions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that HIF-1α expression is significantly upregulated in OSF tissues from areca quid chewers, implying a potential role as a biomarker for local tissue hypoxia. The activation of HIF-1α may promote fibrogenesis by an increase of PAI-1 expression and a subsequent elevation of extracellular matrix production in oral submucosa leading to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hung Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Oral Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Therapeutic interventions in oral submucous fibrosis: an experimental and clinical study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2014; 14:278-90. [PMID: 26028848 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-014-0642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic debilitating disease and premalignant condition of the oral cavity and is a serious public health issue in India and many parts of the world. The treatment is still elusive and empirical because of poorly understood etiopathogenesis, which is believed to be multifactorial including areca nut chewing, ingestion of chillies, genetic and immunologic processes, nutritional deficiencies, and many others. The present investigations was focused to understand the possible therapeutic interventions of anti-OSF agents in arecoline induced experimental in vitro model of OSF and clinical application of these anti-OSF agents in the restoration of various grade of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 127 subjects were selected from patients who visited the OPD of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, K.G. Medical University, Lucknow. Further the subjects were divided in two groups on the basis of clinical examination. Group-1 subjects showed presence of fibrosis bands in the labial and/or buccal mucosa, loss of elasticity, difficulty to open the mouth and had a habit chewing areca-nut in some form. Group-2 subjects had no habit of chewing areca-nut, were apparently healthy with no mucosal disorder. The samples were collected and were immediately transported to Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, for isolation and cultivation of primary cultures of mucosal fibroblast cells. Then isolation and cultivation of oral mucosal fibroblast, identification of non-cytotoxic doses of arecoline, real time PCR, immunocytochemistry, cytokine determination in culture cells, western blot analyses, functional activity of collagenase, lysyl oxidase enzyme activity, collagen beads assay, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) expression analysis was done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This study, shows that the reduction of phagocytic cells was strongly related to the arecoline levels in fibroblast culture when we exposed arecoline to normal oral mucosal cells (NOMC) and cells from OSF patient. An enhancement of phagocytic cells was observed following the pre exposure of cells to 1 μM dexamethasone, a glucocorticoids, In this study, histologic evidence is presented which supports the finding that COX-2 expression is upregulated in OSF specimens compared to normal oral submucosal cells. Strong immunostaining for COX-2 was detected in arecoline exposed NOMC and cells from OSF patient. Areca nut extract up-regulates prostaglandin production, cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression of human oral keratinocytes. The number of phagocytic cells and phagocytic activity in cultured human oral fibroblasts from OSF site was lower than the fibroblasts from the normal regions of the same person.
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Tseng SK, Chang MC, Hsu ML, Su CY, Chi LY, Lan WC, Jeng JH. Arecoline inhibits endothelial cell growth and migration and the attachment to mononuclear cells. J Dent Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Dai JP, Chen XX, Zhu DX, Wan QY, Chen C, Wang GF, Li WZ, Li KS. Panax notoginseng saponins inhibit areca nut extract-induced oral submucous fibrosis in vitro. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 43:464-70. [PMID: 24484214 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a premalignant and fibrosing disease, which is closely associated with the habit of chewing areca nut. Panax notoginseng Buck F. H. Chen is an often used antifibrotic and antitumor agent. To treat areca nut-induced OSF, we have developed a chewable tablet, in which one of the major medicines is total Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). In this study, we have investigated the antifibrotic effect and mechanism of PNS on areca nut-induced OSF in vitro. METHODS Through human procollagen gene promoter luciferase reporter plasmid, hydroxyproline assay, gelatin zymography, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot, the influences of PNS on areca nut extract (ANE)-induced cell growth, collagen accumulation, procollagen gene transcription, MMP-2/-9 activity, MMP-1/-13 and TIMP-1/-2 expression, cytokine secretion, and the activation of PI3K/AKT, ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK, and TGFβ/Smads pathways were detected. RESULTS Panax notoginseng saponins could inhibit the ANE-induced abnormal growth and collagen accumulation of oral mucosal fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent manner. PNS (25 μg/ml) could significantly inhibit the ANE-induced expression of Col1A1 and Col3A1, augment the ANE-induced decrease of MMP-2/-9 activity, inhibit the ANE-induced increase of TIMP-1/-2 expression, and decrease the ANE-induced transcription and release of CTGF, TGFβ1, IL-6, and TNFα. PNS (25 μg/ml) also significantly inhibited the ANE-induced activation of AKT and ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK pathways in oral mucosal fibroblasts and the ANE-induced activation of TGFβ/smad pathway in HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION Panax notoginseng saponins possess excellent anti-OSF activity, and its mechanism may be related to its ability to inhibit the ANE-induced activation of PI3K/AKT, ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK, and TGFβ/smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Hsieh YP, Chen HM, Chang JZC, Chiang CP, Deng YT, Kuo MYP. Arecoline stimulated early growth response-1 production in human buccal fibroblasts: suppression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Head Neck 2014; 37:493-7. [PMID: 24436257 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) protein plays an important role in many human fibrotic diseases. Areca nut chewing is the most important risk factor of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). METHODS Egr-1 protein expression in OSF was examined using antibody to Egr-1. Arecoline-induced Egr-1 expression and its signaling pathways were assessed by Western blot analyses in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). RESULTS Elevated Egr-1 staining was observed in epithelial cells, fibroblast, and inflammatory cells in 7 of 10 OSF cases. Arecoline, a main alkaloid found in the areca nut, stimulated Egr-1 synthesis in BMFs. Pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor PD98059 significantly reduced arecoline-induced Egr-1 synthesis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibited arecoline-induced Egr-1 synthesis and collagen gel contraction in a dose-responsive manner. CONCLUSION Constitutive Egr-1 expression during areca nut chewing may play a role in the pathogenesis of OSF. EGCG could be a good candidate for prevention or treatment of OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Hsieh
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang YC, Tsai CH, Lai YL, Yu CC, Chi WY, Li JJ, Chang WW. Arecoline-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from human buccal mucosal fibroblasts is mediated by ZEB1. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:698-708. [PMID: 24400868 PMCID: PMC4000120 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is considered as a pre-cancerous condition of the oral mucosa and is highly associated with habitual areca quid chewing. Arecoline is the major alkaloid in areca quid and is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of OSF. Our previous studies have demonstrated that arecoline could induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors in primary human buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). Therefore, we investigated the expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), which is a well-known transcriptional factor in EMT, in OSF tissues and its role in arecoline-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from BMFs. The expression of ZEB1, as well as the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), was significantly increased in OSF tissues, respectively. With immunofluorescence analysis, arecoline induced the formation of α-SMA-positive stress fibres in BMFs expressing nuclear ZEB1. Arecoline also induced collagen contraction of BMFs in vitro. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, the binding of ZEB1 to the α-SMA promoter in BMFs was increased by arecoline. The promoter activity of α-SMA in BMFs was also induced by arecoline, while knockdown of ZEB1 abolished arecoline-induced α-SMA promoter activity and collagen contraction of BMFs. Long-term exposure of BMFs to arecoline induced the expression of fibrogenic genes and ZEB1. Silencing of ZEB1 in fibrotic BMFs from an OSF patient also suppressed the expression of α-SMA and myofibroblast activity. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 could suppress arecoline-induced ZEB1 activation in BMFs. Our data suggest that ZEB1 may participate in the pathogenesis of areca quid–associated OSF by activating the α-SMA promoter and inducing myofibroblast transdifferentiation from BMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sar JIC, Yang CJ, Tsai YS, Deng YT, Chen HM, Chang HH, Liu CM. Sphingosine-1-phosphate stimulated connective tissue growth factor expression in human buccal fibroblasts: Inhibition by epigallocatechin-3-gallate. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 114:860-4. [PMID: 24035571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) has been associated with the pathogenesis of various fibrotic diseases, including oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). The chemical constituents of areca nut along with the mechanical trauma cause OSF. The coarse fibers of areca nut injure the mucosa and hence sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is released at the wounded sites. Recent studies have shown that S1P is involved in wound healing and the development of fibrosis. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of S1P on CCN2 expression in human buccal fibroblasts (HBFs) and identify the potential targets for drug intervention or chemoprevention of OSF. METHODS Western blot analyses were used to study the effects of S1P on CCN2 expression and its signaling pathways in HBFs and whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main and most significant polyphenol in green tea, could inhibit this pathway. RESULTS S1P significantly enhanced CCN2 synthesis in HBFs. This effect can be inhibited by c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor and extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor but not by P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. Interestingly, EGCG completely blocked S1P-induced CCN2 expression via suppressing S1P-induced JNK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION S1P released by repetitive mechanical trauma during AN chewing may contribute to the pathogenesis of OSF through upregulating CCN2 expression in HBFs. EGCG could be an adjuvant to the current offered therapy options or the prevention of OSF through suppression of JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny I-Chun Sar
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Tsai
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Deng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ming Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hueng Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheing-Meei Liu
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yu CC, Tsai CH, Hsu HI, Chang YC. Elevation of S100A4 expression in buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline: involvement in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55122. [PMID: 23383075 PMCID: PMC3561403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background S100A4, a member of the calcium-binding proteins, is dramatically elevated in a variety of fibrotic diseases. Areca quid chewing is the most important etiological factor in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). OSF has been considered as a pre-cancerous condition of oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the critical role of S100A4 expression in the pathogenesis of OSF both in vitro and in vivo. Methodology/Principal Finding Thirty OSF tissues from areca quid chewers and ten normal buccal mucosa samples without areca quid chewing were analyzed by using immunohistochemistry for S100A4 expression in vivo. Collagen gel contraction capability and expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1)/MMP9 in arecoline-stimulated BMFs with S100A4 knockdown was presented in vitro. Initially, S100A4 expression was higher in areca quid chewing-associated OSF specimens than normal buccal mucosa specimens (p = 0.001). Arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, led to dose- and time-dependent elevation of S100A4 expression in normal buccal mucosa fibroblasts BMFs (p<0.05). The additions of pharmacological agents rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), and Bay117082 (NF-κB inhibitor) were found to inhibit arecoline-induced S100A4 expression (p<0.05) in BMFs. Down-regulation of S100A4 by lentiviral infection significantly reversed arecoline-induced collagen gel contraction and TIMP1/MMP9 expression. Conclusion/Significance These results suggest that S100A4 expression is significantly up-regulated in OSF specimens. Arecoline-induced S100A4 expression was down-regulated by rapamycin, PD98059, and Bay117082. Targeting S100A4 might be a potential therapeutic target for OSF through TIMP1/MMP9 down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chia Yu
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hung Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Hsu
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Tsai CH, Lee SS, Huang FM, Chang YC. Regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 expression in human buccal fibroblasts stimulated with arecoline. Head Neck 2012; 35:1314-8. [PMID: 22965839 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the major thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) expression in normal human buccal mucosa and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) specimens and further explore the potential mechanisms that may lead to induce PAR-1 expression. METHODS Thirty OSF and 10 normal buccal mucosa specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry. Buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) were challenged with arecoline by using Western blot analysis. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), LY294002, herbimycin A, NS-398, and PD98059 were added to find the possible regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS PAR-1 expression was significantly higher in OSF specimens (p < .05). Arecoline was found to elevate PAR-1 expression in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner (p < .05). The addition of NAC, LY294002, herbimycin A, NS398, and PD98059 markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced PAR-1 expression (p < .05). CONCLUSION PAR-1 expression is significantly upregulated in areca quid chewing-associated OSF. Arecoline-induced PAR-1 expression was downregulated by NAC, LY294002, herbimycin A, NS398, and PD98059.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hung Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chang MC, Chan CP, Wang WT, Chang BE, Lee JJ, Tseng SK, Yeung SY, Hahn LJ, Jeng JH. Toxicity of areca nut ingredients: Activation of CHK1/CHK2, induction of cell cycle arrest, and regulation of MMP-9 and TIMPs production in SAS epithelial cells. Head Neck 2012; 35:1295-302. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Tsai WC, Wu MT, Wang GJ, Lee KT, Lee CH, Lu YH, Yen HW, Chu CS, Chen YT, Lin TH, Su HM, Hsu PC, Cheng KH, Duh TH, Ko YC, Sheu SH, Lai WT. Chewing areca nut increases the risk of coronary artery disease in Taiwanese men: a case-control study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:162. [PMID: 22397501 PMCID: PMC3372426 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Areca nut chewing has been reported to be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and cardiovascular mortality in previous studies. The aim of this study was to examine whether chewing areca nut increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Taiwanese men. Methods This study is a hospital-based case-control study. The case patients were male patients diagnosed in Taiwan between 1996 and 2009 as having a positive Treadmill exercise test or a positive finding on the Thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. The case patients were further evaluated by coronary angiography to confirm their CAD. Obstructive CAD was defined as a ≥ 50% decrease in the luminal diameter of one major coronary artery. The patients who did not fulfill the above criteria of obstructive CAD were excluded. The potential controls were males who visited the same hospital for health check-ups and had a normal electrocardiogram but no history of ischemic heart disease or CAD during the time period that the case patients were diagnosed. The eligible controls were randomly selected and frequency-matched with the case patients based on age. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratio of areca nut chewing and the risk of obstructive CAD. Results A total of 293 obstructive CAD patients and 720 healthy controls, all men, were analyzed. Subjects who chewed areca nut had a 3.5-fold increased risk (95% CI = 2.0-6.2) of having obstructive CAD than those without, after adjusting for other significant covariates. The dose-response relationship of chewing areca nut and the risk of obstructive CAD was also noted. After adjusting for other covariates, the 2-way additive interactions for obstructive CAD risk were also significant between areca nut use and cigarette smoking, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Conclusions Long-term areca nut chewing was an independent risk factor of obstructive CAD in Taiwanese men. Interactive effects between chewing areca nut and cigarette smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were also observed for CAD risk. Further exploration of their underlying mechanisms is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chaudhary AK, Pandya S, Mehrotra R, Singh M, Singh M. Role of functional polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (-1306 C/T and -168 G/T) and MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) promoter in oral submucous fibrosis and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an Indian population. Biomarkers 2011; 16:577-86. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.609602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis is a disease due to a chronic, insidious change in fibro-elasticity, characterized by burning sensation in the oral cavity, blanching, and stiffening of the oral mucosa and oropharynx leading to trismus and inability to open the mouth. The symptoms and signs depend on the progression of the lesions and number of affected sites. It is predominantly seen in Indians and other Asians. Once the disease has developed, there is neither regression nor any effective treatment. It is considered as a pre-malignant stage of oral cancer, and the reported risk of malignant transformation varies from 2.3-7.6%. CONCLUSIONS The common etiological factor considered for this unremitting disease is use of areca nut; however, the precise mechanism still remains elusive and controversial. A wide range of treatment consisting of drugs, surgical therapy, and physiotherapy have been attempted till date, with varying degrees of benefit, but none of them have proved to be a cure for this disease. This field remains open for clinical trials and research. This paper aims to give an overview on the role of areca nut in the pathogenesis and malignant potential of oral submucous fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnya V Angadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
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Nazeer Shaiju S, Ariya S, Asish R, Salim Haris P, Anita B, Arun Kumar G, Jayasree RS. Habits with killer instincts: in vivo analysis on the severity of oral mucosal alterations using autofluorescence spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:087006. [PMID: 21895333 DOI: 10.1117/1.3608923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Oral habits like chewing and smoking are main causes of oral cancer, which has a higher mortality rate than many other cancer forms. Currently, the long term survival rate of oral cancer is less than 50%, as a majority of cases are detected very late. The clinician's main challenge is to differentiate among a multitude of red, white, or ulcerated lesions. Hence, new noninvasive, reliable, and fast techniques for the discrimination of oral cavity disorders are to be developed. This study includes autofluorescence spectroscopic screening of normal volunteers with and without lifestyle oral habits and patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). The spectra from different sites of habitués, non-habitués, and OSF patients were analyzed using the intensity ratio, redox ratio, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The spectral disparities among these groups are well demonstrated in the emission regions of collagen and Flavin adenine dinucleotide. We observed that LDA gives better efficiency of classification than the intensity ratio technique. Even the differentiation of habitués and non-habitués could be well established with LDA. The study concludes that the clinical application of autofluorescence spectroscopy along with LDA, yields spontaneous screening among individuals, facilitating better patient management for clinicians and better quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nazeer Shaiju
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Lab, Biomedical Technology Wing, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012, Kerala, India
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Possible mechanism of betel-quid-extract-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. J Formos Med Assoc 2011; 109:838-47. [PMID: 21126656 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(10)60129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Betel quid extract (BQE) has been demonstrated to induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression. This study aimed to establish the possible mechanism involved in this event. METHODS Western blotting, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and gelatin zymography were used to study the expression level of MMP-2. LY294002, PD98059, U0126, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, SB203580, SP600125, and Bay 11-7082 were used to pretreat OECM-1 cells before BQE treatment and MMP-2 detection. RESULTS OECM-1 cells were subjected to short-term (10 minutes) or long-term (24 hours) BQE treatment (designated as SBT and LBT, respectively), and we found that both treatments increased MMP-2 protein and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation levels in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. LBT also increased MMP-2 mRNA level. LBT-induced MMP-2 secretion was not inhibited by PD98059 (up to 50 μM) when ERK was effectively blocked, but was attenuated by LY294002 (0-10 μM) in a concentration-dependent manner. This LBT effect was inhibited strongly by SB203580 (10 μM), SP600125 (10 μM), and Bay 11-7082 (10 μM) and mildly by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (5 mM), but not by U0126 (10 μM). CONCLUSION Both SBT and LBT upregulate MMP-2 expression, and LBT-induced MMP-2 expression might be mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and nuclear factor-κB, and to a lesser extent, by reactive oxygen species, rather than by ERK.
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Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis is a disease due to a chronic, insidious change in fibroelasticity, characterized by burning sensation in the oral cavity, blanching, and stiffening of the oral mucosa and oro-pharynx leading to trismus and inability to open the mouth. The symptoms and signs depend on the progression of the lesions and number of affected sites. It is predominantly seen in Indians and other Asians. Once, the disease has developed, there is neither regression nor any effective treatment. It is considered as a pre-malignant stage of oral cancer and reported risk of malignant transformation varies from 2.3-7.6%.The common etiological factor considered for this unremitting disease is use of areca nut; however, the precise pathogenesis still remains elusive and controversial. A wide range of treatment consisting of drug management, surgical therapy, and physiotherapy have been attempted till date; with varying degrees of benefit, but none of them have proved to be a cure for this disease. This field remains open for clinical trials and research. This paper aims to provide an overview on various management modalities available for oral submucous fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnya V Angadi
- KLE VK institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, J.N.M.C. Campus, Nehrunagar, Belgaum, 590010, Karnataka State, India.
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Chaudhary AK, Singh M, Bharti AC, Singh M, Shukla S, Singh AK, Mehrotra R. Synergistic effect of stromelysin-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-3) promoter (-1171 5A->6A) polymorphism in oral submucous fibrosis and head and neck lesions. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:369. [PMID: 20630073 PMCID: PMC2912870 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that degrade all the components of extra cellular matrix and collagen. Various types of MMPs are known to be expressed and activated in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The purpose of this study was to asses the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) adenosine insertion/deletion polymorphism (-1171 5A->6A) in the MMP-3 promoter region in these lesions. METHODS MMP-3 SNP was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in a case control study consisting of 362 participants; 101 cases of OSMF, 135 of HNSCC and 126 controls, compared for age, sex and habits. ROC distribution was plotted to assess the contributions of genetic variation in MMP-3 genotypes with relation to age. RESULTS Analysis of MMP 3 (-1171 5A->6A) polymorphism revealed the frequency of 5A allele in OSMF, HNSCC and controls to be 0.15, 0.13 and 0.07, respectively. A significant difference was found in 5A genotype frequency between OSMF (5A genotype frequency = 0.15, p = 0.01, OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.22-4.20) and in controls (5A genotype frequency 0.07) as well as HNSCC (5A genotype frequency 0.13, p = 0.03,95%CI = 1.06-3.51) and controls (5A genotype frequency = 0.07) In this study, 5A genotype had greater than two fold risk for developing OSMF (OR = 2.26) and nearly the same in case of HNSCC (OR = 1.94) as compared to controls. In patients with OSMF as well as HNSCC, the ROC analysis between the MMP-3 genotype and age, 6A/6A allele was found to be significant in patients both over and under 45 years of age; while the 5A/5A carrier alleles showed an association only in patients less than 45 years of age. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that the expression of MMP-3 genotype associated with the 5A alleles, it may have an important role in the susceptibility of the patients to develop OSMF and HNSCC.
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Illeperuma RP, Ryu MH, Kim KY, Tilakaratne WM, Kim J. Relationship of fibrosis and the expression of TGF-β1, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 with epithelial dysplasia in oral submucous fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3353/omp.15.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lee CK, Tsai MT, Lee HC, Chen HM, Chiang CP, Wang YM, Yang CC. Diagnosis of oral submucous fibrosis with optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:054008. [PMID: 19895110 DOI: 10.1117/1.3233653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The epithelium (EP) thickness and the standard deviation (SD) of A-mode scan intensity in the laminar propria (LP) layer are used as effective indicators for the diagnosis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) based on the noninvasive clinical scanning of a swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system of approximately 6 mum in axial resolution (in tissue) and 103 dB in sensitivity. Compared with the corresponding parameters in healthy oral mucosal mucosa, in OSF mucosa, the EP thickness becomes smaller and the SD of A-mode scan intensity in the LP layer (LP SD) also becomes smaller. The LP SD can also be used for effectively differentiating OSF (small LP SD) from lesion (large LP SD). This application is particularly useful in the case of a lesion without a clear surface feature. Meanwhile, the use of the SD of A-mode scan intensity in the EP layer (EP SD) can further help in differentiating OSF (medium EP SD) from healthy oral mucosal (small EP SD) and lesion (large EP SD) conditions. Compared with the conventional method of maximum mouth opening measurement, the use of the proposed OCT scanning results can be a more effective technique for OSF diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuang Lee
- National Taiwan University, Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Deng YT, Chen HM, Cheng SJ, Chiang CP, Kuo MYP. Arecoline-stimulated connective tissue growth factor production in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts: Modulation by curcumin. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:e99-e105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Feng CH, Lu CY. A new matrix for analyzing low molecular mass compounds and its application for determination of carcinogenic areca alkaloids by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 649:230-5. [PMID: 19699399 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Arecoline is the main alkaloid present in the areca nut (or betel nut) and it has central nervous system effects. Its pharmacological activities induce the constriction of the bronchial smooth muscles, and stimulation of the lacrimal and intestinal glands. Chewing areca nut is harmful to health because this habit may increase the risk of the development of oral cancer. In this study, a fast method was provided for the determination of areca alkaloids by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometer with a time-of-flight (TOF) analyzer. Traditionally the MALDI-TOF method was not suitable for the analysis of small molecular weight (m/z<600) compounds because of the high background of the matrix. In this study, a new matrix was utilized to decrease the background interference effectively. After simple sample preparation, 1 microL sample supernatant was mixed with 1 microL matrix and then deposited on the target plate. This new matrix was also used to test the MALDI imaging experiment. Application of this MALDI-TOF method for trace analysis of arecoline by this new matrix in human plasma at sub microM level proved workable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsien Feng
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Tsai CH, Yang SF, Lee SS, Chang YC. Augmented heme oxygenase-1 expression in areca quid chewing-associated oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Dis 2009; 15:281-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xia L, Tian-You L, Yi-Jun G, Dong-sheng T, Wen-Hui L. Arecoline and oral keratinocytes may affect the collagen metabolism of fibroblasts. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:422-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Thangjam GS, Agarwal P, Khan I, Verma UP, Balapure AK, Rao SG, Kondaiah P. Transglutaminase-2 regulation by arecoline in gingival fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2009; 88:170-5. [PMID: 19278990 DOI: 10.1177/0022034508329633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase-2 (TGM-2) stabilizes extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by cross-linking and has been implicated in several fibrotic disorders. Arecoline present in betel quid has been proposed as one of the causative factors for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Hence, we hypothesize that arecoline may regulate TGM-2 and may have a role in the pathogenesis of OSMF. The expression of TGM-2 was studied in OSMF tissues by real-time RT-PCR analysis, and significant overexpression was observed in most OSMF tissues (P=0.0112) compared with normal tissues. Arecoline induced TGM-2 mRNA and protein expression as well as TGM-2 activity in human gingival fibroblast cells. The addition of methocramine hemihydrate (M-2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor selective antagonist) or 8'-bromo-cAMP abolished arecoline-mediated TGM-2 induction, suggesting a role for M-2 muscarinic acid receptor and a repressor role for cAMP. Our study provides evidence for TGM-2 overexpression in OSMF and its regulation by arecoline in oral fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Thangjam
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Shieh TM, Tu HF, Ku TH, Chang SS, Chang KW, Liu CJ. Association between lysyl oxidase polymorphisms and oral submucous fibrosis in older male areca chewers. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 38:109-13. [PMID: 18764858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Areca use is the major cause for oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) in South Asians. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-activated enzyme critical for collagen cross-linking and organization of extracellular matrix. The presence of a G to A polymorphism at nucleotide 473 caused a non-conservative Arg158Gln change in the LOX amino acid sequence. OSF is a precancerous lesions characterized by the accumulation of collagen in oral submucosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between LOX Arg158Gln polymorphism and the risk of OSF. METHOD PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms and direct sequencing was utilized to compare LOX polymorphic allelotype in male areca-chewing controls (n = 216) and OSF (n = 83) patients. RESULTS There was a borderline of statistically significant difference in Arg158Gln genotype lying between control and OSF patients. However, the G/A+A/A of LOX Arg158Gln in OSF patients older than 50 year was statistically significantly higher than controls older than 50 year (odd's ratio: 4.48; 95% CI = 1.58-12.67). CONCLUSION The elder OSF patients were increased in LOX Arg158Gln. Our findings may suggest a potential application in risk population selection using LOX polymorphism for preventive intervention of OSF genesis in a subset of areca chewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Ming Shieh
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang YH, Lin IL, Tsay GJ, Yang SC, Yang TP, Ho KT, Hsu TC, Shiau MY. Elevated circulatory MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and activities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:955-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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