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Polyakova M, Egiazaryan A, Doroshina V, Zaytsev A, Malashin A, Babina K, Novozhilova N. The Effect of Oral Care Foams and a Spray on Salivary pH Changes after Exposure to Acidic Beverages in Young Adults. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:93. [PMID: 38668005 PMCID: PMC11049306 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft drinks may have a deleterious effect on dental health due to a high titratable acidity and a low pH that could be sufficient to induce tooth demineralization. The use of oral care products immediately after acidic challenge may diminish the erosive potential of soft drinks. We assessed the effect of oral care foams and a spray on salivary pH changes after exposure to Coca-Cola® in young adults. Thirty-three consenting eligible patients were recruited in this double-blind, randomized, crossover study performed in six visits. Baseline examination included unstimulated salivary flow rate, stimulated salivary buffer capacity, and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) assessment. Salivary pH and time for pH recovery were registered after exposure to Coca-Cola® alone or that followed by the application of each of the studied products (an oral foam containing hydroxyapatite and probiotics, an oral foam containing amino fluoride, an alkaline oral spray, and tap water). Thirty-two patients completed the entire study protocol and were included in the final analysis. The mean minimum salivary pH and the mean oral clearance rate after rinsing with Coca-Cola® were 6.3 and 27 min, respectively. Further rinsing with any one of the tested solutions, including tap water, resulted in a significant improvement in these parameters. When the pH curves were plotted, the oral care products demonstrated a lower area under the curve that differed significantly from the area under the curve for Coca-Cola®; tap water did not differ significantly from Coca-Cola® and oral care products. Minimum salivary pH correlated positively with salivary buffer capacity and salivation rate, while salivary clearance correlated with OHI-S plaque scores. In conclusion, the effect of oral care foams and a spray on minimum salivary pH and salivary clearance after exposure to Coca-Cola® did not differ significantly among the tested products and tap water. Trial registration NCT06148662. Funding: none.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Anna Egiazaryan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Vladlena Doroshina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Alexandr Zaytsev
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Ksenia Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
| | - Nina Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.); (A.E.); (V.D.); (N.N.)
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Koike M, Abukawa Y, Kaji K, Satou K, Takahashi K, Nakamura M, Hasunuma J, Imura H, Natsume N, Abukawa H. Does salivary pH affect postoperative sore throat in the head-down position of general anesthesia? J Oral Rehabil 2024. [PMID: 38571379 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracheal intubation sometimes causes postoperative sore throat (POST) due to laryngeal damage. However, clinical observations suggest that the environment of the oral cavity may also affect POST. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether salivary pH in the oral cavity affects POST. METHODS After obtaining ethical approval, informed consent was obtained from all patients. Patients who underwent surgery in the supine position were enrolled as the control group. Patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery in the head-down position were enrolled as the intervention group. Immediately before both groups of patients were anaesthetised, expelled saliva was collected, and salivary pH was measured. Immediately postoperatively, the same measurement was carried out before the patient regained consciousness. The primary outcome was the change in salivary pH. The secondary outcome was POST. In our study, POST was defined as pharyngeal and swallowing pain in the glossopharyngeal and superior laryngeal nerves. The normal distribution of pH was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test followed by analysis using repeated-measurements and one-way analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. RESULTS A total of 62 patients were enrolled, of whom two were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Salivary pH in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Five patients had POST in the intervention group, whereas none had POST in the control group had POST. CONCLUSION Acidotic-shifted saliva is considered one of the causes of POST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Koike
- Department of Anesthesia, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukako Abukawa
- Department of Anesthesia, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kaji
- Department of Anesthesia, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Satou
- Department of Anesthesia, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Takahashi
- Department of Anesthesia, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesia, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Hasunuma
- Department of Anesthesia, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Imura
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nagato Natsume
- Division of Research and Treatment for Oral and Maxillofacial Congenital Anomalies, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Ahmad I, Binmadi N, Afridi SG, Aljohani S, Shah I, Saidal A, Shahzad M. Salivary Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacity in Smokeless Tobacco (Naswar) Users. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2023; 15:121-132. [PMID: 37465099 PMCID: PMC10350418 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s415827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Naswar, a smokeless tobacco product, commonly consumed in Pakistan, is associated with a 10-fold increase in the risk of oral cancer. However, little is known about Naswar's underlying toxicity mechanisms. Objective The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Naswar use on oral health and salivary parameters. Methods A case-control study was conducted among Naswar users (n=42) and age-matched healthy controls (n=42) in Pakistan in 2019. Participant data were collected using questionnaires. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores were computed during clinical examinations. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected to assess salivary flow rate, pH, and salivary total oxidative stress (TOS)/total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using commercially available kits. Participants' oral health parameters were compared between cases and controls using ANOVA. Results No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, oral health, and hygiene practices and mean DMFT score. Mean salivary pH and the salivary flow rate was significantly (p<0.001) higher in Naswar users (7.7 and 0.71 mL/minute, respectively) than in non-users (6.95 and 0.52 mL/minute, respectively). Although TOS and TAC were not significantly different between the groups, Naswar users generally had a higher TOS (51.6±42 µmol/L) and lower TAC (0.55±0.18 mmol/L) than non-users (TOS 45.5±38.2 µmol/L and TAC 0.57±0.17 mmol/L). Correlational analysis also revealed a significant positive correlation between DMFT score and Naswar use duration (r=0.796, p<0.001) and the number of dips/units consumed each day (r=0.515; p<0.001). Conclusion Habitual Naswar use is associated with increased salivary flow rate, pH, and TOS, and reduced TAC levels in Pakistani adults compared to non-users. The pro-oxidant changes may contribute toward deleterious effects of Naswar use including oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Nada Binmadi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahib Gul Afridi
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Suad Aljohani
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Inayat Shah
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25110, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Saidal
- Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 24350, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25110, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AX, UK
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Jain K, Gakhar R, Bhatia S, Manjunatha BS, Jindal D, Jindal V. Comparison of salivary flow rate and pH between healthy subjects and tobacco and areca nut chewers. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:599. [PMID: 38033965 PMCID: PMC10683918 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_518_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco and areca nuts release carcinogens, which cause alterations in saliva. Evaluation of these changes through estimation of salivary flow rate and pH was performed in tobacco and areca nut chewers and apparently healthy subjects. Material and Methods The study group for this comparative study comprised 60 subjects with 20 areca nut chewers (group 1), 20 tobacco chewers (group 2), and 20 non-tobacco and areca nut chewers (group 3) in the ages between 18 and 75 years. After collection of saliva from each subject, the salivary flow rate (SFR) was measured by using graduated tubes, whereas salivary pH was measured using a digital salivary pH meter. Tukey HSD post hoc test was performed for comparison of mean SFR and mean pH between study group subjects. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to find the mean difference in SFR and pH in duration, intensity, and frequency among various types of areca nut and tobacco users. A "P" value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The mean age among groups 1, 2, and 3 was 37.70 ± 10.44, 39.75 ± 10.16, and 37.90 ± 10.52 years, respectively, with a statistically insignificant difference. The mean salivary flow rate (ml/20 min) was maximum in group 3 (13.23), followed by group 2 (11.75) and group 1 (10.48), with the statistically significant difference as P < 0.05. The mean salivary pH was maximum in group 3 (7.07), followed by group 2 (6.86) and group 1 (6.49), with the statistically significant difference as P < 0.05. Conclusion Long-term use of tobacco and areca nuts in a chewable form can significantly reduce the salivary flow rate and salivary pH. Hence, these measurements can be used as chair side, non-invasive measures for assessing pathological changes in oral mucosa linked to vulnerable effects among people addicted to these adverse habits; thereby, early re-organization can prevent mobility and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanu Jain
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajnish Gakhar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shagun Bhatia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Luxmi Bai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Bhari Sharanesha Manjunatha
- Basic Oral Medicine and Allied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Campus, Hawaiah, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepti Jindal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Varun Jindal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Pawar M, Kumari N, Gopal R, Nasha D, Bhuyan L, Verma V. Efficacy of Chewable Brush Compared to Manual Brush in School Going Children of Age Group 10-12 Years. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S1301-S1304. [PMID: 37694096 PMCID: PMC10485457 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_110_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Chewable toothbrushes were compared to traditional manual toothbrushes in terms of their ability to remove plaque and their impact on salivary pH in a sample of school-aged children. Materials and Methods The sample size for this research was 200 youngsters aged 10-12. Saliva was collected by spitting into a clean container, and the pH levels were measured using color-coded pH strips to determine where the person was starting from. The plaque score was measured using the OHI-S index after the application of the disclosing agent. The pH and plaque scores were also recalculated after brushing to see how they had changed after surgery. Results Results indicated that both manual and chewable brushes significantly improved post-brushing pH ratings (P = 0.001), and that plaque scores decreased (P = 0.001). When compared to conventional manual toothbrushes, the chewable brush was much more successful in reducing plaque and elevating salivary pH (P = 0.001). Conclusion As a result, parents may offer their kids a chewable toothbrush to help them maintain good oral hygiene after lunch and on lengthy car trips, when they would not have time to wash their teeth properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Pawar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Kumari
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ruchi Gopal
- Department of Dentistry, Hind Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Nasha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Lipsa Bhuyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Vartika Verma
- Department of Periodontology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Alqahtani SM, Gokhale ST, Elagib MFA, Shrivastava D, Nagate RR, Alshmrani BAM, Alburade AMA, Alqahtani FMA, Nagarajappa AK, Natoli V, Srivastava KC. Assessment and Correlation of Salivary Ca, Mg, and pH in Smokers and Non-Smokers with Generalized Chronic Periodontitis. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:medicina59040765. [PMID: 37109723 PMCID: PMC10141299 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diagnostic evaluation with the aid of biomarkers has reached newer heights to assess disease activity. Salivary calcium, magnesium, and pH are one of the biochemical parameters which can be helpful in assessing the progression of periodontal disease. Smokers are at topnotch threat for having oral diseases, predominantly periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the salivary calcium, magnesium, and pH levels in smokers compared with non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on 210 individuals affected with generalized chronic periodontitis, with the age group between 25 and 55 years. Based on their smoking habit, an equal number of patients were categorized into two groups; namely, group I consisted of non-smokers and group II consisted of smokers. The clinical parameters that were measured included Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). The biochemical variables that were evaluated in the current study included salivary calcium, magnesium, and pH using an AVL9180 electrolyte analyzer (Roche, Germany). The gathered data were analyzed with an unpaired t test was using SPSS 20.0. Results: A statistically significant higher PPD (p < 0.01), CAL (p < 0.05), and salivary calcium levels (p < 0.001) were observed in the smokers' compared with their non-smoking counterparts. Among the biochemical parameters, calcium showed a significantly (p < 0.001) higher level in smokers (5.79 ± 1.76) in contrast to non-smokers (3.87 ± 1.03). Additionally, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between calcium and PPD was observed in non-smokers, whereas a non-significant inverse relation (p > 0.05) was seen in smokers. Conclusions: The present study indicates that the salivary calcium level can be a potential biochemical parameter to assess the progression of periodontal disease in smokers and non-smokers. Within the limitations of the current study, the salivary biomarkers appear to have an essential role in the identification and indication of the status of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Mohammad Alqahtani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Sciences (PCS), College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankar T Gokhale
- Department of Periodontics and Community Sciences (PCS), College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fadul A Elagib
- Department of Periodontics and Community Sciences (PCS), College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Department of Preventive dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghavendra Reddy Nagate
- Department of Periodontics and Community Sciences (PCS), College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badar Awadh Mohammad Alshmrani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Sciences (PCS), College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fares Mufreh Abdullah Alqahtani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Sciences (PCS), College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anil Kumar Nagarajappa
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentino Natoli
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Private Dental Practice, 72015 Fasano, Italy
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Medicine and radiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
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Damian LR, Dumitrescu R, Alexa VT, Focht D, Schwartz C, Balean O, Jumanca D, Obistioiu D, Lalescu D, Stefaniga SA, Berbecea A, Fratila AD, Scurtu AD, Galuscan A. Impact of Dentistry Materials on Chemical Remineralisation/Infiltration versus Salivary Remineralisation of Enamel-In Vitro Study. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7258. [PMID: 36295323 PMCID: PMC9612028 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate salivary remineralisation versus chemical remineralisation/infiltration of enamel, using different dentistry materials. The enamel changes were studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the depth of lesions and demineralisation/remineralisation/infiltration percentage were calculated. Additionally, the macro elemental composition of the teeth was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Two studies were performed: (i) demineralisation of enamel in 3% citric acid and infiltration treatment with infiltration resin (Icon, DMG), remineralisation with Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent) and artificial saliva pH 8; and (ii) enamel demineralisation in saliva at pH 3 and remineralisation at salivary pH 8. The results showed that, firstly, for the remineralisation of demineralised enamel samples, Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent) was very effective for medium demineralised lesions followed by saliva remineralisation. In cases of deep demineralisation lesions where fluoride could not penetrate, low viscosity resin (Icon, DMG, Hamburg) effectively infiltrated to stop the demineralisation process. Secondly, remineralisation in salivary conditions needed supplementary study over a longer period, to analyse the habits, diet and nutrition of patients in detail. Finally, demineralisation/remineralisation processes were found to influence the macro elemental composition of enamel demineralisation, with natural saliva proving to be less aggressive in terms of decreasing Ca and Mg content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia-Raluca Damian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ramona Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Tiberiu Alexa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - David Focht
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristoph Schwartz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavia Balean
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Jumanca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Obistioiu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dacian Lalescu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Adina Berbecea
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aurora Doris Fratila
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Denisa Scurtu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Hatipoğlu Ö, Önsüren AS, Hatipoğlu FP, Kurt A. Caries-related salivary parameters and oral microbial flora in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3527. [PMID: 35289060 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis by synthesising the outcomes of studies that investigated the relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary pH (SpH), salivary buffer capacity (SBC), streptococcus Mutans (SM), and lactobacillus (LB) counts. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PRISMA statement guide was followed for the meta-analysis. Electronic databases were searched, and study selection and data collection processes were performed. The risks of bias in individual studies and across studies were assessed. Mean differences (MD) and Odds Ratio (OR) were used to measure the effect estimates in the comparisons. RESULTS 29 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. Significantly higher SFR (MD = -0.22, CI: -0.26, -0.18; p < 0.001) and SpH (MD = -0.59, CI: -0.81, -0.36; p < 0.001) were observed in the healthy individuals than T1D individuals. No significant difference was observed among groups in terms of SBC (MD = 0.10, CI: -0.46,0.66; p = 0.73). An increased odds ratio of SM counts were observed regarding the T1D (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.16, 8.20; p = 0.02). No association was found between LB counts and T1D (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 0.38, 11.98; p = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Subjects with T1D have a significantly lesser SFR and SpH than healthy individuals. But no significant difference is available in terms of SBC. Lower SM counts were observed in individuals with T1D, while no association was observed regarding LB counts. The tendency to dental caries is more likely in subjects with T1D due to lower SFR, SpH, and higher SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Hatipoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ayça Kurt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
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Bechir F, Pacurar M, Tohati A, Bataga SM. Comparative Study of Salivary pH, Buffer Capacity, and Flow in Patients with and without Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:ijerph19010201. [PMID: 35010461 PMCID: PMC8750732 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity has specific and individualized characteristics, with pH, saliva flow, buffer capacity, temperature, and microorganisms content influencing oral health. Currently, the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is constantly increasing. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the saliva quantity at 5 min, salivary pH, and salivary buffer capacity in patients with and without GERD, necessary for establishing the correct dental treatment plan. A Saliva-Check Buffer (GC) kit was used for the determination of salivary variables. The total number of 80 patients included in the study were divided into a study group and a control group, each containing 40 patients. Saliva quantity at 5 min was lower in patients suffering from GERD. The salivary pH of these patients turned to acid values compared to the salivary pH of controls, where the values were within the normal range. In patients with GERD, the determined salivary buffer capacity was low or very low. The use of the Saliva-Check Buffer (GC) kit is a simple, easy, non-invasive and patient-accepted method, which can also be used in the dentist’s office to assess the saliva buffer capacity and pH, variables that are important for establishing a correct dental treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bechir
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh, Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Mariana Pacurar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh, Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adrian Tohati
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh, Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-751617021
| | - Simona Maria Bataga
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh, Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
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Mishra R, Haider K, Rizwan R, Monga S, Pritam A, Singh P. Assessment of Effect of Menopause on Saliva and Oral Health Status. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S1535-S1537. [PMID: 35018024 PMCID: PMC8686993 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_276_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women at menopausal period may frequently develop several oral mucosal disorders. Xerostomia is also a common finding among postmenopausal women. The present study was conducted to assess effect of menopause on saliva and dental health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty postmenopausal women (Group I) and 40 control (Group II) underwent Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHIS), Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT index), Community periodontal index (CPI), and Loss of attachment (LOA), salivary pH and flow measurement. RESULTS Oral symptoms were normal in 22 and 40, xerostomia in 18 and 0 in Group I and II respectively, salivary pH was normal in 20 and 40, below acidic in 20 and 0, salivary flow was normal in 21 and 40, hyposalivation in 19 and 0 in group I and II, respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). OHI-S was good in 4 and 25, fair in 6 and 10, poor in 30 and 5, DMFT index was decayed was 1.42 and 0.65, missing was 2.84 and 0.26 and filled was 1.06 and 0.52 seen in Group I and II respectively. CPI index mean value was 3.26 in Group I and 1.02 in Group II and mean LOA was 1.42 and 0.46 in Group I and II respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION There was decrease in the salivary pH and flow rate in postmenopausal women which in turn leads to increased OHI-S, DMFT, CPI, and LOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mishra
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khushtar Haider
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College, Datia, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ramsha Rizwan
- Intern, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shamim Monga
- Department of Community Medicine, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Shamim Monga, Department of Community Medicine, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India. E-mail:
| | - Amrita Pritam
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Pharatiya Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Padam Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College, Mandigobindghar, Punjab, India
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Seetaram M, Muralivel V, Nayak SU, Mala Shenoy S, Kuthethur S, Natarajan S, Shenoy S. Comparative Analysis of Change in pH, Oral Health Status, and the Count of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus Species in the Oral Cavity in Patients with Gastroenteral Diseases Using Saliva: A Pilot Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:644-651. [PMID: 35036373 PMCID: PMC8713493 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_105_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventy million people are affected by gastroenteral (GI) disturbances throughout the world. Oral cavity possesses various bacteria that remain as healthy commensals or turn pathogenic due to shift of balance with disturbances in health, which is reflected in the oral cavity too. Studies have shown a possible oro-systemic link. This study aimed at assessing the effect of GI disease on oral health comparing levels of pH, microbiological counts, and oral health status between test and control groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS This pilot study consisted of two groups: test group containing 14 participants (GI disease) and control group (healthy) containing 3 participants. Two saliva samples were collected per patient. One sample was inoculated onto Mitis Salivarius and Rugose agar plates at 37oC in the CO2 incubator for 2 days. The second sample was used for recording pH. Parameters such as decayed, missing, and filled teeth, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical loss of attachment were also recorded. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. Regression analysis was applied to predict the three-microbe culture based on the pH and GI disease. RESULTS The oral health parameters showed a higher number of missing teeth, higher bleeding on probing, higher values of plaque and gingival index, a higher amount of clinical loss of attachment, and acidic pH of saliva in the test group. Microbiological analysis showed more Streptococcus mutans in the control group (7,500-10,000 cfu/mL), with a mean of 8,833.33±1,258.31 cfu/mL; S. salivarius was more in the test group (2,000-25,000 cfu/mL) with a mean of 15,866.67±6,697.76 cfu/mL. Candida was seen only in the test group (2,166.67±2,549.51 cfu/mL) and absent in the control group. Lactobacillus was absent in both the groups. CONCLUSION The present study suggests the relation between oral health and GI diseases. Hence, saliva could be used as an easy, non-invasive biomarker to analyze the gastroenteric status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Seetaram
- Student, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaidhegi Muralivel
- Student, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeeta Umesh Nayak
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra Mala Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudha Kuthethur
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Shenoy
- Department of Gastro-enterology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Manikandan S, Bhambal AM, Ratchambiga KS, Nithiela M, Swatheka JK, Sridarshini B. Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, 2% LemonGrass Oil, and 2% Tea Tree Oil Mouth rinse on Salivary pH: An In vivo Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S757-S760. [PMID: 34447196 PMCID: PMC8375951 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_667_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mouthwashes containing essential oils are used in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Lemongrass oil (LGO) belongs to a section of andropogen called cymbogam of the family germineae and from it, the LGO is extracted. Tea tree oil (TTO) is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia leaves (Myrtaceae family). Aim and Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the pH of saliva before and after using LGO and TTO mouth rinse and to determine its relevance to the oral health status. Materials and Methods: A purposive sample of 90 participants aged between 26 and 38 years were included in the study. The PH before and after the use of the chlorhexidine, LGO, and TTO mouthwashes are noted using the GC PH strips and a comparative study was made. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Comparative analysis was made with Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and found that the TTO gives a greater increase in salivary pH with a P = 0.001** (P < 0.05) which is found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The study conducted shows beneficial effects of TTO and LGO mouth rinse. Further studies with larger samples may produce more reliable values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Manikandan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annette M Bhambal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K S Ratchambiga
- Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Nithiela
- Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J K Swatheka
- Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Sridarshini
- Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bechir F, Bataga SM, Ungureanu E, Vranceanu DM, Pacurar M, Bechir ES, Cotrut CM. Experimental Study Regarding the Behavior at Different pH of Two Types of Co-Cr Alloys Used for Prosthetic Restorations. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14164635. [PMID: 34443157 PMCID: PMC8402223 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys are widely utilized in dentistry. The salivary pH is a significant factor, which affects the characteristics and the behavior of dental alloys through corrosion. This study aimed to evaluate the corrosion behavior in artificial saliva with different pH values (3, 5.7, and 7.6) of two commercial Co-Cr dental alloys manufactured by casting and by milling. Corrosion resistance was determined by the polarization resistance technique, and the tests were carried out at 37 ± 1 °C, in Carter Brugirard artificial saliva. After the electrochemical parameters, it can be stated that the cast Co-Cr alloy has the lowest corrosion current density, the highest polarization resistance, and the lowest speed of corrosion in artificial saliva with pH = 7.6. In the case of milled Co-Cr alloy, the same behavior was observed, but in artificial saliva with pH = 5.7, it recorded the most electropositive values of open circuit potential and corrosion potential. Although both cast and milled Co-Cr alloys presented a poorer corrosion resistance in artificial saliva with a more acidic pH value, the milled Co-Cr alloy had better corrosion behavior, making this alloy a better option for the prosthetic treatment of patients suffering from GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bechir
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Simona Maria Bataga
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Elena Ungureanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.U.); (D.M.V.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Diana Maria Vranceanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.U.); (D.M.V.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Mariana Pacurar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Edwin Sever Bechir
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.B.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-72-339-6969
| | - Cosmin Mihai Cotrut
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.U.); (D.M.V.); (C.M.C.)
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Murthy GS, Murthy SS, Kavitha M. Effect of chewing Azadirachta indica (neem) and Ocimum sanctum (tulsi) leaves on salivary acidogenicity: A comparative study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:479-483. [PMID: 33967484 PMCID: PMC8083448 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_345_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries is an infectious disease affecting majority of children in the modern world. An acidogenic diet brings down plaque pH, leading to dental caries. However, certain foods bring about rapid reversal of plaque pH after an acidogenic challenge. Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum leaves which are anticariogenic show promise in this regard. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary pH reversal phenomenon by chewing A. indica and O. sanctum leaves after an acidogenic challenge. Materials and Methods: Forty caries-free children were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The resting salivary pH and salivary pH after eating chocolate was measured using a pH meter at time intervals of 5, 30 and 60 min. The children were then instructed to chew A. indica and O. sanctum leaves after chocolate consumption, and salivary pH was again measured at 5, 30 and 60 min. The change in salivary pH was assessed. Statistical Analysis: The data obtained were analyzed using Student's t-test (two tailed, dependent) to find the significance of the study parameters. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Chewing A. indica and O. sanctum leaves after chocolate consumption increased salivary pH to statistically significant values at 5, 30 and 60 min. Conclusion: The observations of the study show that chewing of A. indica and O. sanctum leaves reversed the drop in salivary pH levels after an acidogenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi S Murthy
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dayanandasagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Srinivasa Murthy
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dayanandasagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - M Kavitha
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dayanandasagar College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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Al-lehaibi WK, Al-makhzomi KA, Mohammed HS, Enezei HH, Alam MK. Physiological and Immunological Changes Associated with Oral Microbiota When Using a Thermoplastic Retainer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071948. [PMID: 33808410 PMCID: PMC8036960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The study examined the oral microbiota, physiological and immunological changes in patients using thermoplastic retainers during three months of use. Methods: The study included several steps. Firstly, 10 swabs were collected from the buccal and palatal surfaces of the teeth of the patients, approximately 2 mL of saliva was collected from the same patients and 2 mL of saliva was collected from 10 healthy people to measure the pH and secretory IgA level. This was followed by the isolation and identfication of the bacterial isolates in the patient samples. Then, isolate susceptibility toward chlorhexidine (CHX) and their adhesion ability to thermoplastic retainer surfaces was measured. In addition to that the study estimated the numbers of Lactobacillus and Streptooccus mutans colonies during three months and finally, a comparsion of pH acidity and IgA level between the patients and healthy people was performed. The results showed the predominant bacteria during the three months were Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. followed by different rates of other bacteria. Raoultella ornithinolytica showed more resistance to CHX while Lactobacillus spp. showed more sensitivity. Streptococcus mutans colony levels were higher than Lactobacillus spp. colonies during the three months, also S. mutans had the highest value in adherence to retainer thermoplastic. Finally, pH acidity showed a highly significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the third month, like IgA levels (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results obtained from the current study, the researchers noted that the thermoplastic retainers helped change the oral cavity environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wurood kh. Al-lehaibi
- Department of Pedodontic, Orthodontic and Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad 10011, Iraq
- Correspondence: (W.k.A.-l.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Khulood A. Al-makhzomi
- Department of Pedodontic, Orthodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Uruk University, Baghdad 10069, Iraq;
| | - Hani Sh. Mohammed
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Al Ramadi Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Ramadi 31001, Iraq;
| | - Hamid Hammad Enezei
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Anbar, Ramadi 31001, Iraq;
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontic Division, Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (W.k.A.-l.); (M.K.A.)
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Manohar R, Ganesh A, Abbyramy N, Abinaya R, Balaji SK, Priya SB. The effect of fennel seeds on pH of saliva - A clinical study. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 31:921-923. [PMID: 33753665 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_185_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Saliva is an oral fluid that gives a protective effect against dental caries. Chewing of fennel seeds after food is a common culture in the Indian Sub-continent. A review of previous studies on fennel seeds showed that some of them have an anti-microbial efficacy, but there are no extensive data available on the effect of chewing fennel seeds on the pH of saliva. Aim The aim of the study was to record the baseline pH of saliva and to record the changes in salivary pH after chewing fennel seeds. Setting and Design The study was carried out in the Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, prior to which a pilot study was carried out. Subjects and Methods Voluntary enrolment of 30 individuals was done. A written and informed consent was obtained from the individuals prior to the study. The pH of the saliva was recorded by placing the standardized salivary strip below the tongue in the oral cavity and colour changes were matched with the pH scale colour chart within about 15 sec. The subjects were asked to chew fennel seeds for 5 min. Salivary pH was measured immediately after chewing (SP2) at 0 min and the experiment was repeated for 5 min (SP3), 10 min (SP4), 15 min (SP5) and 30 min (SP6). Statistical Analysis The data was gathered and analysed using paired t test. Results There was an increase in salivary pH from baseline (SP1) to 0 min (SP2) was found to be highly significant (P = 0.000). The mean salivary pH reduced to 7.64 ± 0.06, 5 min after chewing the seeds (SP3) and the drop in pH was found to be highly significant (P = 0.000). The subsequent drop in pH from 10 min (SP4), 7.50 ± 0.05 to 15 min (SP4), 7.38 ± 0.05 to 30 min (SP4), 7.24 ± 0.05 were found to be highly significant as well (P = 0.000). Conclusion Chewing of fennel seeds increases the pH of saliva, thus making it a suitable anti-cariogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Manohar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akila Ganesh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Abbyramy
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Abinaya
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S K Balaji
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Banu Priya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sahu RK, Patro S, Nayak B, Bardhan D, Panda S, Rajguru JP. Habit-associated salivary pH changes in oral submucous fibrosis: A cross-sectional study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2021; 12:78-82. [PMID: 34188405 PMCID: PMC8191565 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_39_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Salivary pH plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various oral diseases and conditions. Chewing of areca nut and various tobacco products changes salivary pH. Aim: The aim of the study was to measure the effect of habitual chewing of areca nut and various tobacco products on salivary pH. Materials and Methods: The present study included 360 individuals (chewers and nonchewers) of age group between 20 and 30 years who visited the Outpatient Department of Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital. The patient's salivary pH was measured with the help of a digital pH meter before and after chewing areca nut and various tobacco products. Results: It was observed that, in all the groups of chewers, pH decreased after chewing except in the gutkha and lime chewing group, where pH increased (pH before chewing was 7.43 ± 0.41 and after chewing was 7.51 ± 0.399), the difference was strongly significant (P < 0.001). pH was found to be less in lime and tobacco chewers (6.83 ± 0.33) and more in tobacco, betel nut, and lime chewers (7.50 ± 0.41) in comparison to other groups before chewing; the difference was strongly significant (P < 0.001). In the mean ± standard deviation, increase in pH was found among chewers (7.32 ± 0.49) as compared to nonchewers (6.99 ± 0.14), which is the control group, and the data were statically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: pH is altered in areca nut and various tobacco chewers, rendering the oral mucosa vulnerable to the toxic effects of areca nut and various tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Sahu
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sangram Patro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bikash Nayak
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debajyoti Bardhan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagat Panda
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jagdish Prasad Rajguru
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Zhu Y, Feron G, Von Koskull D, Neiers F, Brignot H, Hummel T. The association between changes of gustatory function and changes of salivary parameters: A pilot study. Clin Otolaryngol 2021; 46:538-545. [PMID: 33370507 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the pilot study was to explore which of the salivary parameters best reflects improvement or deterioration of taste function. METHODS A total of 14 patients were included. Taste ability was measured using taste strips and patients rated their symptom strength using visual analogue scales. Salivary parameters (flow rate, total proteins, proteolysis, catalase, total anti-oxidative capacity [TAC], carbonic anhydrase VI [caVI], and pH) were determined and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered. All these parameters were measured twice with a one-year interval to acquire the changes of data. RESULTS Patients with decreased taste function exhibited a decrease in salivary proteolysis and caVI, and an increase in salivary total protein. Patients with increased taste function also showed an increase in salivary total protein. Δ Salivary flow rate was negatively correlated with Δ taste strip scores. Δ Salivary pH was significantly lower in patients with increased taste function compared to patients with decreased taste function. Δ BDI was positively correlated with both Δ symptoms ratings. Across all patients, symptom ratings decreased while salivary total protein increased; salivary flow rate, proteolysis and caVI decreased significantly compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS The present longitudinal results suggest that changes of both taste function and taste complaints were accompanied by changes in salivary parameters, indicating that salivary parameters have the potential to be useful in the diagnosis of patients with qualitative taste disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Zhu
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gilles Feron
- Centre des Sciences du Goûtet de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche -Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Dorothee Von Koskull
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- Centre des Sciences du Goûtet de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche -Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Helene Brignot
- Centre des Sciences du Goûtet de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche -Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Mrag M, Hamdouni H, Gouiaa A, Omezzine A, Ben Amor F, Kassab A. Investigation of carbonic anhydrase 6 gene polymorphism rs2274327 in relation to the oral health status and salivary composition in type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:560-564. [PMID: 32319846 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1754458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the oral manifestations and salivary composition in type 2 diabetics with periodontitis and to evaluate their association with CA6 gene polymorphism rs2274327. METHODS Oral examination was performed by a single periodontist for 300 type 2 diabetics. Whole unstimulated saliva and blood were collected. The salivary pH, buffer capacity and flow rate were later measured. Immunoglobulin A and electrolytes were assessed using an autoanalyzer. CA6 gene polymorphism rs2274327 was screened by PCR-RFLP assay. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 version. RESULTS The salivary pH, buffer capacity and flow rate were significantly lower in the patients carrying TT genotype compared to CC and CT genotype carriers (p < .05). Furthermore, the DMFT index, OHI-s, PI, PPD and CAL were significantly higher in the subjects with TT genotype (p < .05). Carrying at least one T allele seemed to increase the risk of dental caries (OR = 2.59, p < .001), xerostomia (OR = 2.11, p=.003) and taste impairment (OR = 1.97, p < .05). CONCLUSION CA6 gene polymorphism rs2274327 seemed to increase the risk of developing, dental caries, periodontitis, xerostomia and taste impairment in type 2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mrag
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Oral Health and Oro-Facial Rehabilitation Research Laboratory LR12ES11, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Hamdouni
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, LR12SP11, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aslem Gouiaa
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Oral Health and Oro-Facial Rehabilitation Research Laboratory LR12ES11, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Omezzine
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy, LR12SP11, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Faten Ben Amor
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Oral Health and Oro-Facial Rehabilitation Research Laboratory LR12ES11, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Kassab
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Oral Health and Oro-Facial Rehabilitation Research Laboratory LR12ES11, Monastir, Tunisia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis aimed to examine the comprehensive conclusive evidence of association between asthma and caries-related salivary factors including salivary pH (SpH), salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary buffer capacity (SBC), and other salivary components. METHODS Electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Open Gray databases) were searched for relevant studies. After screening, studies were selected and data were collected from each study. The risk of bias in individual studies and across studies was evaluated. Mean differences (MD) were used to measure the effect estimates in the comparisons of SFR, SpH, SBC, and other salivary components. Additional analyses, namely sensitivity, subgroup, and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation analyses, were also conducted. RESULTS Eighteen and fourteen studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. Significantly higher SFR (MD = -0.3, 95% CI [-0.39, -0.2], p < 0.001) and SpH (MD = -0.25, 95% CI [-0.45, -0.05], p = 0.01) were found in the reference group compared to the group with asthma. A significant difference in SBC was found only for unstimulated saliva (MD = -0.20, 95% CI [-0.24, -0.15], p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between asthma and other salivary components (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding the limitations of this study, the evidence showed that SFR whether stimulated or unstimulated was significantly reduced in asthma patients. SBC and SpH were significantly reduced in asthma patients only when saliva was unstimulated. No evidence was found regarding the association between asthma and other salivary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Hatipoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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21
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Manikandan S, Behera S, Karthikeyan R, Niranjana A, Bharathan R, Mohammed OFB. Effect of Green Tea Extract Mouthrinse and Probiotic Mouthrinse on Salivary pH in a Group of Schoolchildren: An In Vivo Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S404-S409. [PMID: 33149495 PMCID: PMC7595549 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_119_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of probiotic and green tea mouthrinse on salivary pH. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted over a period of 1 month among 40 healthy schoolchildren aged between 6 and 8 years. The subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into two groups, namely probiotic and green tea groups. Salivary pH was recorded at baseline (0 day) and at the end of the specified time using GC pH strips. Statistical analysis was done using paired t test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: The comparison of mean pH scores for green tea showed that the pH of saliva was increased in the children after rinsing with green tea (6.00–7.60) and was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Similarly, when pre- and post-mean pH was compared in the probiotic group, the pH was found to be higher in the probiotic rinse group (5.60–7.20). The results were statistically significant. Conclusion: The study conducted shows the beneficial effects of green tea in providing a alkaline environment, which is conducive to the oral health of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Manikandan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subasish Behera
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Karthikeyan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugasamy Niranjana
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Bharathan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Daveshwar SR, Kapoor SV, Daveshwar MR. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans in Saliva of Oral and Laryngeal Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Clinical Study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2020; 10:91-96. [PMID: 32566524 PMCID: PMC7289201 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_151_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Radiotherapy leads to radiation-induced caries. There is limited knowledge about the quantification of cariogenic bacteria in the saliva of irradiated cancer patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to check salivary pH, flow rate, and the assessment of Streptococcus mutans in the saliva of irradiated oral and laryngeal cancer patients using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Settings and Design: This was time-bound study which consisted of 26 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (13-oral cancer 13-laryngeal cancer). Subjects and Methods: Resting saliva samples were gathered from oral (Group-I) and laryngeal (Group-II) cancer patients immediately before radiotherapy and after completion of radiotherapy (dose-60 Gy). pH of saliva and the salivary flow rate was measured. S. mutans were analyzed using qRT PCR. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS software 20. Paired t-test was used to evaluate salivary pH, flow rate, and amount of S. mutans pre- and post-radiotherapy for Group I and II. Independent t-test was used to compare salivary pH, flow rate, and S. mutans pre- and post-radiotherapy between Group I and II. Results: Salivary pH and flow rate significantly reduced postradiotherapy in oral and laryngeal cancer patients (P < 0.001). The amount of S. mutans statistically increased postradiotherapy in oral cancer patients (P = 0.001). While S. mutans count was statistically insignificant in laryngeal cancer patients (P = 0.091). There was a significant increase in the amount of S. mutans in Group I when compared with Group II (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Amount of S. mutans increased postradiotherapy in oral cancer patients. While the salivary pH and salivary flow rate reduced postradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Rajiv Daveshwar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Esthetics and Endodontics, Manubhai Patel Dental College and Oral Research Institute, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonali Vinod Kapoor
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Esthetics and Endodontics, Manubhai Patel Dental College and Oral Research Institute, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Rani A, Panchaksharappa MG, Chandrashekarappa NM, Annigeri RG, Kanjani V. Characterization of saliva in immunocompromised patients and tobacco users: A case-control study. Indian J Dent Res 2019; 30:909-914. [PMID: 31939370 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_642_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and salivary albumin concentration in systemically compromised subjects and tobacco users and its comparison to healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients were selected and then were equally divided into systemically compromised group, tobacco users, and control group with 20 in each group. Saliva flow rate was assessed using modified Schirmer test (MST), salivary pH was estimated by pH meter, and salivary albumin concentration was determined using bromocresol green method. RESULTS The salivary flow rate readings measured by MST were 22.65 ± 2.79, 22.6 ± 3.57, and 33.22 ± 2.30 mm/3min in systemically compromised individuals, tobacco users, and control group, respectively (P < 0.001). The salivary pH was 6.80 ± 0.24, 6.81 ± 0.25, and 7.18 ± 0.17 in systemically compromised subjects, tobacco users, and control group, respectively (P < 0.001). The salivary albumin concentration was 2.49 ± 0.61, 0.73 ± 0.13, and 1.14 ± 0.12 g/dl in systemically compromised subjects, tobacco users, and control group, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION MST can be routinely used as chair-side investigation to evaluate salivary flow which is objective, inexpensive, easy-to-perform, and patient-friendly. The salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and salivary albumin level in systemically compromised subjects, tobacco users, and normal individuals showed significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Rani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Rajeshwari G Annigeri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Varsha Kanjani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Koopaie M, Fatahzadeh M, Jahangir S, Bakhtiari R. Comparison of the effect of regular and probiotic cake (Bacillus coagulans) on salivary pH and Streptococcus mutans count. Dent Med Probl 2019; 56:33-38. [PMID: 30875151 DOI: 10.17219/dmp/99757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is considered the most common infectious disease in humans worldwide. Cariogenesis is the outcome of a complex interaction between the host's oral flora and diet. The consumption of snacks such as cake, which have the potential to promote dental caries, has increased. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of including probiotic bacteria (Bacillus coagulans - B. coagulans) in consumed snack cake on the Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) count and salivary pH. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, cross-sectional cohort study on 40 healthy volunteers. The subjects were divided into 2 groups. In the 1st group, the subjects consumed probiotic cake as breakfast for 1 week and then, following a 4-week wash-out period, consumed regular cake as breakfast for 1 week. In the other group, the administration of probiotic and regular cake was reversed. For both groups, samples of at least 5 mL of non-stimulated saliva were collected using the spitting technique before and after the 1st and the 6th week. A colony counter was used to determine the number of S. mutans colonies. Salivary pH was measured before eating (8-9 a.m.). RESULTS We detected no statistically significant difference in the S. mutans count before and after the consumption of probiotic cake, but noted a statistically significant difference in the count before and after the consumption of regular cake. We did not detect a significant difference in salivary pH with respect to the consumption of probiotic and regular cake, although the consumption of both foods caused a drop in salivary pH. CONCLUSIONS The addition of probiotic bacteria to sweet snack cake caused a minimal increase in the salivary count of S. mutans, a bacterial species with a definite role in cariogenesis, but did not impact salivary pH. Since probiotic cake has a slight impact on the S. mutans count, it is preferred over regular cake as a snack food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Koopaie
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Fatahzadeh
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, USA
| | - Sana Jahangir
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ronak Bakhtiari
- Department of Pathobiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Tanabe-Ikegawa M, Takahashi T, Churei H, Mitsuyama A, Ueno T. Interactive effect of rehydration with diluted sports drink and water gargling on salivary flow, pH, and buffering capacity during ergometer exercise in young adult volunteers. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:269-277. [PMID: 29925711 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of rehydration with diluted sports drink and water gargling on salivary flow, pH and buffering capacity during exercise. Nineteen participants performed a 30-min bicycle ergometer exercise at 80% of maximal heart rate while consuming a sports drink, followed by gargling with water, or no gargling, immediately after the exercise (Exp. 1). The same experiment was then conducted on 9 participants who drank 1.5-fold diluted sports drink (Exp. 2-A) and 10 who drank 2-fold diluted sports drink (Exp. 2-B). Paraffin-stimulated whole saliva samples were collected for 3 min before, during and after exercise, and salivary parameters were examined using a hand-held pH meter. Statistical significance was assessed using multi-factor ANOVA and Turkey-Kramer test (P < 0.05). The decrease in salivary pH was significantly suppressed after water gargling in Exp. 1 (P < 0.01) and Exp. 2-A (P < 0.001). Dilution of the sports drink had an interactive effect with water gargling in Exp. 2-B (P < 0.01). These results suggest that gargling with water suppresses the decrease of salivary pH resulting from sports drink rehydration during ergometer exercise, but that this effect may be lost if athletes consume sports drink that has been diluted 2-fold with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Tanabe-Ikegawa
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Oral Implantology, Division of Dental Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University
| | - Hiroshi Churei
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | | | - Toshiaki Ueno
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of probiotic and green tea mouthrinse on salivary pH. METHOD Study was conducted over a period of one month among 40 healthy school children aged between 6-8 years. The subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups namely probiotic and green tea groups. Salivary pH was recorded at baseline (0 day) and at the end of the specified time period using GC pH strips. Statistical analysis was done using paired 't' test P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT The comparison of mean pH scores for green tea showed that the pH of saliva was increased in the children after rinsing with green tea (6.15 to 7.65) and was statistically significant (p<0.001). Similarly when pre and post mean pH was compared in the probiotic group pH increased from (6.45 to 6.65) however, the results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The study conducted shows the beneficial effects of green tea in providing a alkaline environment which is conducive to the oral health of children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramya Rai
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Babaji
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
| | - M C Pradeep
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
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Naik MM, Vassandacoumara V. Qualitative and quantitative salivary changes and subjective oral dryness among patients with thyroid dysfunction. Indian J Dent Res 2018; 29:16-21. [PMID: 29442081 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_501_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context There is a paucity of literature regarding the effects of thyroid disorders on the oral cavity by influencing the salivary gland function. Aims This study aims to understand the qualitative and quantitative changes that thyroid disorder can cause in the salivary function. Settings and Design: After obtaining ethical clearance, 46 consecutive newly diagnosed thyroid dysfunction patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, along with 45 age-and sex-matched controls. Subjects and Methods: Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates, pH, and buffering capacity of the whole saliva were studied in addition to subjective oral dryness in the study participants. Statistical Analysis Used: The independent t-test was employed to compare the means between the two groups and Pearson's Chi-square test was used to assess the goodness of fit. Results The findings showed that females are more affected with thyroid disorders and that hypothyroidism is more commonly reported than hyperthyroidism. A significant reduction in the salivary flow rates and buffering capacity was observed among the affected group compared to the controls, whereas the salivary pH did not show significant differences between genders and also between the case and control groups. A feeling of subjective oral dryness was perceived by many affected patients. Conclusions The study was able to establish an association between thyroid dysfunction and salivary gland function. We hope that this study leads to more high-impact research in this field as salivary diagnostics is gaining more popularity with every passing day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghal Mehul Naik
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Vaishnavee Vassandacoumara
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Chandel S, Khan MA, Singh N, Agrawal A, Khare V. The effect of sodium bicarbonate oral rinse on salivary pH and oral microflora: A prospective cohort study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2017; 8:106-109. [PMID: 29386812 PMCID: PMC5773983 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_36_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Present study is designed to explore the effect of sodium bicarbonate oral rinse on salivary pH and oral micro flora. Materials and Methods Twenty five healthy subjects were recruited for the study in department of dentistry in Era Medical College. Subjects were abstained from tooth brushing overnight pre rinse (control) samples were collected after one hour of dinner and were asked to rinse with pre calibrated freshly prepared sodium bicarbonate solution. The salivary samples were then collected the following morning using sterile gauze in marked bottles. Aerobic bacterial culture was done by plating the sample directly from the swab on the surface of Blood agar and Mac Conkeys media respectively. The colony forming units and ph were calculated for the pre rinse and post rinse saliva sample. Result Results shows that salivary pH increased significantly after sodium Bicarbonate oral rinse. There was a marginal decrease in number of CFU/ml for bacteria especially Viridans Streptococci, Moraxella species. Conclusion Sodium Bicarbonate oral rinse may be considered as a cheap and effective alternative for chlorhexidine and alcohol based mouth wash, especially where long duration usage is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Chandel
- Department of Dentistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Research Cell, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Nishi Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Career Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Amiya Agrawal
- Department of Trauma and Emergency, KGMU, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Vinita Khare
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, UP, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the salivary flow rate (SFR), pH and taste perception among oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and apparently healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety subjects (45 OSMF + 45 controls) were enrolled in the study for estimating and analogizing the SFR, pH, and taste perception executing modified Schirmer, pH, and taste strips. The SFR, pH, and taste perception were evaluated and compared between 14 Stage I and 31 Stage II OSMF subjects. The entered data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease in SFR among OSMF group (23.4 mm at 3(rd) min) and hypogeusia to salty (62.2%), and dysgeusia to sour taste (40%) when compared to apparently healthy subjects (30.7 mm at 3(rd) min) was noted. Statistical significance (P < 0.05%) inferring hyposalivation in Stage II OSMF (24.1 mm at 3(rd) min) juxtaposing with Stage I OSMF (31.4 mm at 3(rd) min). Statistically significant hypogeusia to salty (n = 23) and sweet (n = 16) and dysgeusia (n = 14) to sour among Stage II OSMF when differentiated with Stage I OSMF. The mean pH among the OSMF and control groups demonstrated no statistical significance. CONCLUSION The findings from the study demonstrated marked decrease of SFR and taste perception to salty and sour among Stage II OSMF when compared to Stage I OSMF subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Dyasanoor
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Oxford Dental College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nishat Fatima Abdul Khader
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Oxford Dental College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease and it has emerged as a major health-care problem. There are more chances of dentinal caries among diabetics than nondiabetics. DM is responsible for causing ascendancy in the proportion and activity of saliva that impacts the oral health. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the impact of various factors present in saliva on tooth decay amid type-II DM in Jammu. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects in our analysis comprises of 50 patients with type-II DM and 50 controls within the age group of 30-60 years. Diabetic status was assessed by estimating random blood glucose levels. Dental findings were recorded using modified World Health Organization (WHO) Oral health survey-basic method 2013. Salivary samples from all the subjects were collected and sent to the laboratory for interpretation of pH, flow rate, and salivary calcium. The analysis of salivary components decayed tooth was carried using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation test. All the parameters were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. RESULTS The results have shown a significantly lower values of salivary pH, flow rate, and calcium levels in diabetics than in nondiabetics. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the present study, the results indicated that patients with type-II DM have high rate of dental caries and are at high risk of caries development. The decline in the salivary components will reduce capability of supporting the mineral compartment of tooth structure to resist the demineralization process by cariogenic potentials thereby creating a favorable environment for caries progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Paramjeet Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amarpreet Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Himachal Dental College and Hospital, Sundar Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tara Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Robindera Kour
- Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Choi JE, Waddell JN, Lyons KM, Kieser JA. Intraoral pH and temperature during sleep with and without mouth breathing. J Oral Rehabil 2015; 43:356-63. [PMID: 26666708 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To measure and compare the intraoral pH and temperature of individuals during sleep with and without mouth breathing. Ten healthy participants [mean age = 25·8 (± 4·3)] wore a custom-made appliance fitted with a pH probe and thermocouple for two sets of 48 h. Continuous pH and temperature measurements were taken from the palatal aspect of the upper central incisors. To simulate mouth breathing during sleep, participants wore a nose clip for two nights of the four, with the first group (n = 5) wearing the nose clip during the first night and the rest (n = 5) wearing the nose clip during the second night of sleep to balance any potential bias from the wearing sequence. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted. The mean intraoral pH during daytime was 7·3 (± 0·4) and during sleep was 7·0 (± 0·5). The mean intraoral pH during sleep with mouth breathing was 6·6 (± 0·5), which was statistically significant compared with the normal sleep condition (P < 0·01). The intraoral pH decreased slowly over the hours of sleep in all participants. When sleeping with forced mouth breathing, intraoral pH showed a greater fall over a longer period of time. The mean intraoral temperature was 33·1 °C (± 5·2) during daytime and 33·3 °C (± 6·1) during sleep, with no statistical significance between sleep with and without mouth breathing (P > 0·05). The results suggest that mouth breathing during sleep is related to a decrease in intraoral pH compared with normal breathing during sleep, and this has been proposed as a causal factor for dental erosion and caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Choi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J N Waddell
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - K M Lyons
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J A Kieser
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Donoghue M, Basandi PS, Adarsh H, Madhushankari GS, Selvamani M, Nayak P. Habit-associated salivary pH changes in oral submucous fibrosis-A controlled cross-sectional study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:175-81. [PMID: 26604493 PMCID: PMC4611925 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.164529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a multi-causal inflammatory reaction to the chemical or mechanical trauma caused due to exposure to arecanut containing products with or without tobacco (ANCP/T). Arecanut and additional components such as lime and chewing tobacco render ANCP/T highly alkaline. Fibrosing repair is a common reaction to an alkaline exposure in the skin. OSF may be related to the alkaline exposure by ANCP/T in a similar manner. Aims: The study was aimed at establishing the relationship of habit-associated salivary pH changes and OSF. Settings and Design: The study design was controlled cross-sectional. Materials and Methods: Base line salivary pH (BLS pH), salivary pH after chewing the habitual ANCP/T substance, post chew salivary pH (PCSpH) for 2 min and salivary pH recovery time (SpHRT) were compared in 30 OSF patients and 30 sex-matched individuals with ANCP/T habits and apparently healthy oral mucosa. Results: The group's mean BLSpH values were similar and within normal range and representative of the population level values. The average PCSpH was significantly higher (P ˂ 0.0001) than the average BLSpH in both groups. There was no significant difference (P = 0.09) between PCSpH of OSF patients and controls. OSF patients had a significantly longer (P = 0.0076) SpHRT than controls. Factors such as age, daily exposure, cumulative habit years, BLSpH and PCSpH, had varying effects on the groups. Conclusions: Chewing ANCP/T causes a significant rise in salivary pH of all individuals. SpHRT has a significant association with OSF. The effect of salivary changes in OSF patients differs with those in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Donoghue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen S Basandi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - H Adarsh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - G S Madhushankari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - M Selvamani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Prachi Nayak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Di Pierro F, Zanvit A, Nobili P, Risso P, Fornaini C. Cariogram outcome after 90 days of oral treatment with Streptococcus salivarius M18 in children at high risk for dental caries: results of a randomized, controlled study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2015; 7:107-13. [PMID: 26491371 PMCID: PMC4598214 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s93066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Cariogram is a well-recognized algorithm-based software program based on different caries-related risk factors and intended to aid clinicians in performing more objective and consistent dental caries risk assessments. This type of approach precedes the diagnosis of caries and allows the dentist to identify at-risk patients and then take appropriate preventive measures before caries develop further. One of the etiological factors favoring the development of dental caries is the mutans streptococci. These acidogenic dental plaque inhabitants can be effectively antagonized by the activity of bacteriocins released by the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius M18 (salivarius M18). Moreover, salivarius M18 after colonizing the human oral mucosa produces the enzymes dextranase and urease that are able to counteract plaque formation and saliva acidity, respectively. Seventy-six subjects at high risk of dental caries were randomized and then either treated or not treated for 90 days with an oral formulation containing the oral probiotic salivarius M18 (Carioblis(®)). The results indicate that the use of salivarius M18 increases the chances of avoiding new dental caries development in children, and its application could be proposed as a new tool in the dentist's armory to be adopted in subjects considered at high risk on the basis of their Cariogram outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paolo Risso
- Department of Health Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Fornaini
- Teleo Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nice, Nice, France
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Yamunadevi A, Dineshshankar J, Banu S, Fathima N, Ganapathy, Yoithapprabhunath TR, Maheswaran T, Ilayaraja V. Dermatoglyphic patterns and salivary pH in subjects with and without dental caries: A cross-sectional study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6:295-9. [PMID: 26283816 PMCID: PMC4518396 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.159979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatoglyphic patterns, which are regularly used in judicial and legal investigations, can be valuable in the diagnosis of many diseases associated with genetic disorders. Dental caries although of infectious origin, may have a genetic predisposition. Hence, we evaluated the correlation between dental caries and dermatoglyphic patterns among subjects with and without dental caries and evaluated its association with environmental factors such as salivary pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally, 76 female students within the age group of 18-23 years were clinically examined, and their decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) score and oral hygiene index-simplified were recorded. Based on their DMFT score, they were divided into following three groups; group I (n = 16, DMFT score = 0), group II (n = 30, DMFT score <5), and group III (n = 30, DMFT score ≥5). Their fingerprint patterns and salivary pH were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Dermatoglyphic pattern distribution in caries-free group showed more ulnar loops than high caries group (group III) while high caries group showed more whorl patterns. Presence of whorl with double loop, whorl within a loop was associated with high DMFT score. The total finger ridge count was lower in caries group. The mean salivary pH was higher in caries-free group than high caries group. Thus, we conclude that dermatoglyphic patterns may be potential diagnostic tool for detecting patients prone to develop dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andamuthu Yamunadevi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Janardhanam Dineshshankar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Safeena Banu
- Department of Undergraduate Dental Students, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nilofar Fathima
- Department of Undergraduate Dental Students, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganapathy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Thangadurai Maheswaran
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vadivel Ilayaraja
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Preetha A, Sujatha D, Patil BA, Hegde S. Oral manifestations in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gen Dent 2015; 63:e27-e31. [PMID: 25945775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many systemic diseases exert their influence on oral health. Among these, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common. In this study, 100 patients who were previously diagnosed with GERD were examined following a 12-hour fast and evaluated in terms of the severity (grade) of the disease as well as any oral, dental, and/or salivary pH changes. Results found 11 patients with tooth erosion. These patients were older, and their average mean duration of GERD was longer in comparison to those without erosion. There was an inverse relationship between salivary pH and the GERD duration and grade of severity. As the GERD grade increased, the severity of tooth erosion increased. Patients with erosion also exhibited oral mucosal changes. Thus severe, long-term GERD was found to be potentially detrimental to oral soft tissues, dental structures, and salivary pH, whereas milder forms of the disease did not necessarily cause dental side effects.
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Animireddy D, Reddy Bekkem VT, Vallala P, Kotha SB, Ankireddy S, Mohammad N. Evaluation of pH, buffering capacity, viscosity and flow rate levels of saliva in caries-free, minimal caries and nursing caries children: An in vivo study. Contemp Clin Dent 2014; 5:324-8. [PMID: 25191067 PMCID: PMC4147807 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.137931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pH, buffering capacity, viscosity and flow rate of saliva in caries free, minimal caries and nursing caries children and to evaluate the relationship of these on the caries activity of children. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 school children of age group between 4 and 12 years were selected and divided into three equal groups: Group I, Group II and Group III, consisting of 25 subjects each. Group I included caries-free subjects, Group II included subjects with minimal caries and Group III included subjects with nursing caries. Saliva samples were collected from all subjects and were estimated for flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and viscosity. Results: There was a significant decrease in the mean salivary flow rate, salivary ph and salivary buffer capacity and a significant increase in the salivary viscosity among caries-free subjects, subjects with minimal caries and subjects with nursing caries. Conclusion: The physicochemical properties of saliva, such as salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and viscosity, has a relation with caries activity in children and act as markers of caries activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwitha Animireddy
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Venkata Thimma Reddy Bekkem
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pranitha Vallala
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Babu Kotha
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swetha Ankireddy
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Noorjahan Mohammad
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mamata Dental College and Hospital, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Sudhir R, Praveen P, Anantharaj A, Venkataraghavan K. Assessment of the effect of probiotic curd consumption on salivary pH and streptococcus mutans counts. Niger Med J 2013; 53:135-9. [PMID: 23293413 PMCID: PMC3531032 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial methods of controlling dental caries that include probiotic agents can play a valuable role in establishing caries control in children at moderate to high risk for developing dental caries. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of use of various Probiotic products including curd. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of short-term consumption of probiotic curd containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and normal curd on salivary Streptococcus Mutans counts, as well as salivary pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty, caries-free, 10-12 years old children were selected and randomly allocated to two groups. Test Group consisted of 20 children who consumed 200ml of probiotic curd daily for 30 days. Control Group consisted of 20 children who were given 200ml of regular curd for 30 days. Salivary pH and salivary Streptococcus Mutans counts were recorded at baseline and after 30 days and statistically compared using the Student's t-test. RESULTS Consumption of probiotic curd resulted in a statistically significant reduction in S. Mutans colony counts (P<0.001) as compared to regular curd. However, there was a slight reduction in pH (P>0.05) in both the groups. CONCLUSION Short-term consumption of probiotic curds can reduce oral S. Mutans counts. However, this caused a slight reduction in salivary pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sudhir
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, D.A.P.M.R.V Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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