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Gnimadi CJI, Gawou K, Aboah M, Owiredu EO, Adusei-Gyamfi J. Assessing the Influence of Hand-Dug Well Features and Management on Water Quality. Environ Health Insights 2024; 18:11786302241249844. [PMID: 38751904 PMCID: PMC11095203 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241249844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Underground water quality can be affected by natural or human-made influences. This study investigates how the management and characteristics of hand-dug wells impact water quality in 3 suburbs of Kumasi, Ghana, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Descriptive analysis, including frequency and percentages, depicted the demographic profiles of respondents. Box plot diagrams illustrated the distribution of physicochemical parameters (Total Dissolved Solid [TDS], Electrical Conductivity [EC], Turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen [DO], and Temperature). Factor analysis evaluated dominant factors among these parameters. Cluster analysis (hierarchical clustering) utilized sampling points as variables to establish spatial variations in water physicochemical parameters. Cramer's V correlation test explored relationships between demographic variables and individual perceptions of water management. One-way ANOVA verified significant mean differences among the physicochemical parameters. Logistic regression models assessed the influence of selected well features (e.g., cover and apron) on TDS, pH, Temperature, Turbidity, and DO. The findings revealed that proximity to human settlements affects water quality, and increasing turbidity is associated with unmaintained covers, significantly impacting water quality (P < .05). Over 80% of wells were located within 10 to 30 m of pollution sources, with 65.63% situated in lower ground and 87.5% being unmaintained. Other significant contamination sources included plastic bucket/rope usage (87.50%), defective linings (75%), and apron fissures (59.37%). Presence of E. coli, Total coliform, and Faecal coliform rendered the wells unpotable. Factor analysis attributed 90.85% of time-based and spatial differences to organic particle decomposition factors. However, Cramer's V correlation analysis found establishing association between demographic factor associations with individual perceptions of hand-dug well management difficult. It is encouraged to promote hand-dug well construction and maintenance standards to ensure that wells are properly built and protected from contamination sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Julien Isac Gnimadi
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kokoutse Gawou
- Industrial Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, College of Agricultural and Natural Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Michael Aboah
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Biological Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Odame Owiredu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Junias Adusei-Gyamfi
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Bahuguna A, Kumar V, Bodkhe G, Ramalingam S, Lim S, Joe AR, Lee JS, Kim SY, Kim M. Safety Analysis of Korean Cottage Industries' Doenjang, a Traditional Fermented Soybean Product: A Special Reference to Biogenic Amines. Foods 2023; 12:4084. [PMID: 38002142 PMCID: PMC10670832 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The typical Korean diet contains a significant quantity of doenjang owing to its unique taste and health benefits. However, the presence of anti-nutritional and toxic substances, such as biogenic amines and microbial pathogens, in doenjang has resulted in a loss of revenue and poor consumer health. The present study focused on the identification and quantification of different biogenic amines, pathogenic Bacillus cereus, and yeast counts in 36 doenjang products (designated as De-1 to De-36, 500 g each) procured from the different cottage industries situated in different parts of the Republic of Korea. The results indicated, only three samples were contaminated with B. cereus, exceeding the recommended limit (4 log CFU/g) suggested by the national standards of Korea. A total of six distinct yeasts were identified in different doenjang samples, whose comprehensive enzymatic profiling suggested the absence of harmful enzymes such as N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, α-chymotrypsin, and β-glucuronidase. The biogenic amines were detected in the range of 67.68 mg/kg to 2556.68 mg/kg and classified into six major groups based on hierarchical cluster analysis. All doenjang samples contained tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine, while 94.44% were positive for spermidine and spermine. The results documented the analysis of traditional cottage industry doenjang and suggest the need for constant monitoring to ensure the safety of food for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (V.K.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (A.-r.J.)
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (V.K.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (A.-r.J.)
| | - Gajanan Bodkhe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (V.K.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (A.-r.J.)
| | - Srinivasan Ramalingam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (V.K.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (A.-r.J.)
| | - SeMi Lim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (V.K.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (A.-r.J.)
| | - Ah-ryeong Joe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (V.K.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (A.-r.J.)
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Division of Food & Nutrition and Cook, Taegu Science University, Daegu 41453, Republic of Korea;
| | - So-Young Kim
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (A.B.); (V.K.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (S.L.); (A.-r.J.)
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Rajadurai ANT, Ramakrishnan H, Sampathkumar J, Mahadevan V, Baskaran S, Jeyapalan V, Ragupathi M. Escherichia coli Cellular Activity and Frontal Trizonal Evaluation of Microspace Between Implants and Abutments Under Calibrated Cyclic Stress. Cureus 2023; 15:e44816. [PMID: 37809176 PMCID: PMC10559082 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate microspace and microleakage between implant and abutments subjected to pre- and post-calibrated cyclic stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve screw-retained implant prostheses with BioHPP polyetheretherketone (PEEK) abutment (Noris Dental Implant System Ltd., Nesher, Israel) (Group I) and 12 screw-retained implant prostheses with computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milled zirconia abutment (DentGallop, Houston, TX, USA) (Group II) were connected to their respective implant, and the prosthetic screw was torqued to 30N/cm (Noris). The microspace was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM; TeScan, Brno, Czech Republic). Twenty-four samples were then induced to cyclic stress (Lokesh Industries, Pune, India) simulating 180 days duration of oral stress. The microspaces (Group IA and Group IIB) were measured post-cyclic stress. Group I and II were again renamed into Group Ia and Group IIb for microbial study. Both implant assemblies were immersed in fresh soybean casein digest broth (SCDB) (Himedia, Mumbai, India) and subsequently inoculated with 1.0µL E. coli suspension (Himedia) at the open end and incubated at 37ºC for seven days. After the incubation period, cellular activity was determined by the spread plate method, and total colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated. The results were evaluated using independent T and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULT Average and microspace at the implant-abutment junction of Group I samples in the front right was 12.98µm, center 13.76µm, front left 13.22µm, and in Group II samples, the front right was 18.52µm, center 17.84µm, front left 18.58µm.After being subjected to cyclic loading, the mean levels of the vertical microgap for Group IA samples were: in the front right region 10.37µm, in the center 9.34µm, in the front left 10.51µm and in Group IIB samples front right was 14.59µm, center 13.39µm, front left 13.8µm. Independent t-tests showed insignificant differences between the two groups. The median value of microbial leakage of Group Ia samples after cyclic loading was 30 x 103 CFU/ml, and Group IIb samples were 42 x 103 CFU/ml and were significant. CONCLUSION There was minimal variation in the mean microspace between the BioHPP PEEK abutment and CAD/CAM milled zirconia abutment, and it was insignificant before and after cyclic stress. BioHPP PEEK abutment-titanium implant interfaces showed significantly decreased microbial leakage than CAD/CAM milled zirconia abutment-titanium implant interfaces after cyclic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hariharan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Vallabh Mahadevan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Shivakumar Baskaran
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Vidhya Jeyapalan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Maniamuthu Ragupathi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
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Borges MM, Simões AS, Miranda C, Sales H, Pontes R, Nunes J. Microbiological Assessment of White Button Mushrooms with an Edible Film Coating. Foods 2023; 12:3061. [PMID: 37628059 PMCID: PMC10515315 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of edible coatings incorporating bioextracts from mushrooms native to Portuguese forests aims to enhance the value of the endogenous forest and mycological resources by harnessing their potential as a source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. Edible coatings represent an important pathway to decreasing food waste and contributing to implementing a circular bioeconomy. The coating should result in product valorization through improved preservation/conservation, increased shelf life, as well as enhancement of its antioxidant and enzymatic properties. To evaluate the effectiveness of an edible coating on fungal food matrices, a 14-day shelf-life study was conducted, wherein both coated and untreated mushrooms were examined under controlled storage temperatures of 4 °C and 9.3 °C. Agaricus bisporus was chosen as the food matrix for its bioeconomy significance, and Pleurotus eryngii was selected for the preparation of the food-based coating due to its profile of bioactive compounds. Microbiological analysis and physicochemical monitoring were conducted on the food matrices and the coating. Coated mushrooms had less mass loss and color change, and had better texture after 14 days. Microbiological analysis revealed that the coating had no antimicrobial activity. Overall, the coating improved the shelf life of the coated mushrooms but had less effect on the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Machado Borges
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição n2, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (A.S.S.); (C.M.); (H.S.); (R.P.); (J.N.)
| | - Ana Sofia Simões
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição n2, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (A.S.S.); (C.M.); (H.S.); (R.P.); (J.N.)
| | - Carla Miranda
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição n2, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (A.S.S.); (C.M.); (H.S.); (R.P.); (J.N.)
| | - Hélia Sales
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição n2, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (A.S.S.); (C.M.); (H.S.); (R.P.); (J.N.)
| | - Rita Pontes
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição n2, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (A.S.S.); (C.M.); (H.S.); (R.P.); (J.N.)
| | - João Nunes
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição n2, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (A.S.S.); (C.M.); (H.S.); (R.P.); (J.N.)
- BLC3 Evolution Lda, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição n2, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
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Hogea P, Tudorache E, Fira-Mladinescu O, Pescaru C, Manolescu D, Bratosin F, Rosca O, Kakarla M, Horhat FG, Oancea C. Bronchial Microbiota and the Stress Associated with Invasive Diagnostic Tests in Lung Cancer vs. Benign Pulmonary Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2419. [PMID: 37510163 PMCID: PMC10378448 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study aimed to compare the bronchial microbiota of patients with lung cancer and patients with benign pulmonary diseases undergoing bronchoscopy, and to assess the stress levels associated with invasive diagnostic lung tests. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the "Victor Babes" Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology in Timisoara, Romania. A total of 33 patients with histologically diagnosed bronchopulmonary cancer and 33 control patients with benign lung pathologies underwent bronchoscopy. Bronchial microbiota was analyzed by multiplex PCR, culture media, and cytology. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the ECOG performance status scale, Karnofsky scale, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and HADS questionnaires. There were no significant differences in the presence of common microbial species between the two groups, except for Acinetobacter spp. Which was identified in 15.2% of patients with lung cancer and 0.0% in the control group, Candida spp. Was more prevalent in the benign group (24.2% vs. 6.1%), and the Parainfluenza virus was detected only in the malignant group (21.1% vs. 0.0%). Cytology results showed a higher prevalence of atypical and tumoral cells in the malignant group (39.4% and 30.0%, respectively), as well as higher lymphocyte levels in the benign group (69.7% vs. 24.2%). Patients with lung cancer had significantly lower performance status on the ECOG scale (2.34 vs. 1.92), lower Karnofsky scores (71.36 vs. 79.43), and higher GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores at the initial evaluation compared to the benign group. At the 90-day follow-up, ECOG and Karnofsky scores remained significantly different from the initial evaluation, but only GAD-7 scores showed a significant difference between the two groups. There were differences in the bronchial microbiota between patients with lung cancer and benign pulmonary diseases, with a higher prevalence of Candida spp. in the benign group and exclusive detection of Acinetobacter spp. and Parainfluenza virus in the malignant group. Patients with lung cancer exhibited higher stress levels, more severe anxiety, and depression symptoms, which persisted during follow-up. Further research is needed to understand the role of bronchial microbiota in lung cancer and the impact of stress on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hogea
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emanuela Tudorache
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Fira-Mladinescu
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Camelia Pescaru
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Manolescu
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Discipline of Radiology, Faculty of General Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felix Bratosin
- Doctoral School, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of General Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Rosca
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of General Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Manaswini Kakarla
- Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hyderabad 500001, India
| | - Florin George Horhat
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), Microbiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Oancea
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Janardhanan R, Olarte C, Sanz S, Rota C, Beriain MJ. Combined Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure, Sous-Vide Cooking, and Carvacrol on the Quality of Veal, Plant-Based, and Hybrid Patties during Storage. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36673381 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of carvacrol added to patties stored at 4 °C for 14 days, previously pressurized and vacuum-cooked (HPP-SVCOOK), was investigated. Three formulations were prepared (veal, plant-based product, and hybrid product). An emulsion made with olive and linseed oils was added. The physicochemical and microbiological qualities were assessed. Microbial tests indicated negligible growth of spoilage organisms in treated patties. No significant effect of carvacrol on the microbial loads of patties was noticed. Sulfite-reducing clostridia and Enterobacteriaceae were absent in the treated patties, whereas, in the treated veal and hybrid samples, 3 and 2 units of log cfu/g reduction for lactic acid bacteria and molds and yeasts were noted, respectively. On day 7 of storage, veal patties exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the L* (53.9−49.3), hardness (32.3−21.4 N), springiness (0.8−0.7 N), cohesiveness (0.49−0.46), and chewiness (12.2−7.1) and a hike in the a* value (5.3−9.4). No significant changes in L* (59.1−58.6), a* (8.57−8.61), hardness (11.6−10.6 N), or cohesiveness (0.27−0.26) were observed in plant-based patties over the storage times, whereas reductions in springiness (0.5−0.4), chewiness (1.9−1.3), and b* (26.6−29.1) were noted in them. In hybrid patties, the L* (53.9−52.5) and b* values (24.9−24.3) were consistent but had a significant decrease in a* value (5.9−3.5) along the days of storage under study. The texture parameters of the hybrid patties altered were similar to those of veal patties during the 14-day storage time. In all samples, pH decreased with storage time. HPP-SVCOOK was effective on rendering safe and shelf-stable, ready-to-eat patties regardless of their matrix formulation. The addition of carvacrol had limited effects on the textural qualities of the HPP-SVCOOK products. Future studies need to be undertaken to assess the treated patties’ consumer acceptability and sensory profile. The study provides the basis for the development of novel meat-based and plant-based products that are microbiologically safe, with minimum physicochemical alterations during storage.
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Chan CM, Lyons R, Dennis PG, Lant P, Pratt S, Laycock B. Effect of Toxic Phthalate-Based Plasticizer on the Biodegradability of Polyhydroxyalkanoate. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:17732-17742. [PMID: 36480707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While new biodegradable materials are being rapidly introduced to address plastic pollution, their end-of-life impacts remain unclear. Biodegradable plastics typically comprise a biopolymer matrix with functional additives and/or solid fillers, which may be toxic. Here, using an established method for continuous biodegradation monitoring, we investigated the impact of a commonly used plasticizer, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), on the biodegradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) in soil. The presence of DBP delayed the initial stage of PHBV biodegradation but then accelerated subsequent rates of biodegradation. Furthermore, it led to significant increases in total bacterial and fungal biomass and altered the composition of microbial communities with significant increases in the relative abundances of Thauera (gammaproteobacterial) and Mucor circinelloides (fungal) populations. It is proposed, with evidence from biodegradation behavior and microbial analysis, that the presence of DBP likely stimulated a microbial community shift, introduced higher proportions of more readily degradable amorphous regions from the plasticizing effect, and facilitated access to the bulk polymer matrix for microorganisms or at least their associated enzymes. These effects in combination overcame the initial inhibition effect of the DBP and resulted in a net increase in the rate of biodegradation of PHBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Matthew Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lyons
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Paul G Dennis
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Paul Lant
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Steven Pratt
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia
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Zhang Q, Xiao N, Xu H, Tian Z, Li B, Qiu W, Shi W. Changes of Physicochemical Characteristics and Flavor during Suanyu Fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244085. [PMID: 36553827 PMCID: PMC9778392 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the changes of the physicochemical characteristics and flavor of fermented Suanyu (Chinese fermented fish) during fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). The related indicators, including pH, water activity (Aw), volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), free amino acids (FAAs), microbial community, and volatile compounds were determined. L. plantarum fermentation samples (LP) and natural fermentation samples (NF) were used as controls. The pH and Aw of three groups of Suanyu samples decreased continuously through the entire fermentation process. Meanwhile, the TVB-N of three groups of samples increased gradually, while TBA first increased and then decreased. Notably, the pH, Aw, TVB-N, and TBA of MF group samples (inoculated L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae) were significantly lower than the NF group samples. In addition, both TVB-N and TBA of the MF group samples were lower than those of the LP group samples during fermentation, suggesting that combined fermentation could inhibit the growth of undesirable microorganisms more effectively. Lactobacillus were the main bacterial genus of the three group fermented samples during fermentation, and combined fermentation could promote the growth of Lactobacillus more significantly. In addition, the highest content of umami (145.16 mg/100 g), sweet amino acids (405.75 mg/100 g), and volatile compounds (especially alcohols and esters) were found in MF group samples, followed by the NF and LP group samples, indicating that combined fermentation could give Suanyu a better flavor quality. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the industrial production of fermented fish products and the improvement of fermentation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Naiyong Xiao
- College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huiya Xu
- College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihang Tian
- College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiqiang Qiu
- College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (W.S.)
| | - Wenzheng Shi
- National R & D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (W.S.)
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Asfour L, Smyth D, Whitchurch CB, Cavaliere R, Roland JT. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and microbial community profiling analysis of explanted cochlear implants. Acta Otolaryngol 2022; 142:395-401. [PMID: 35549817 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2022.2070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cochlear implant (CI) infections affect a small, but significant number of patients. Unremitting infections can lead to explantation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microbial community profiling (MCP) are methods of studying microbial environments of explanted devices that can provide information to reduce morbidity and costs of infected CIs. AIMS/OBJECTIVES To describe the results and clinical significance of bacterial analyses conducted on explanted CIs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between 2013 and 2017, 12 explanted devices underwent microbiological analysis in addition to the manufacturer's device failure analysis. Patients' clinical history, infection status and outcome were reviewed and correlated with microbial analysis results. RESULTS From 2013 to 2017, 12 Cochlear™ devices from 11 patients underwent additional MCP or FISH analysis. Five devices were explanted due to suspected implant associated infection, and seven were explanted for other reasons. FISH analysis revealed biofilm presence on all infected devices, only partial correlation of cultures with biofilm composition and confirmation that biofilm formation occurs preferentially at particular device interfaces and geometries. MCP analysis presented challenges in data analysis inherent to its technique but correlated with cultures of infected devices and suggested a diverse microbial composition of explanted devices. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Microbial analysis of explanted devices can aid in further elucidating treatment approaches to infected CIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Asfour
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Smyth
- Cochlear Limited, 1 University Avenue, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Rosalia Cavaliere
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - J. Thomas Roland
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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Doh IJ, Dowden B, Patsekin V, Rajwa B, Robinson JP, Bae E. Development of a Smartphone-Integrated Reflective Scatterometer for Bacterial Identification. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:2646. [PMID: 35408260 PMCID: PMC9003293 DOI: 10.3390/s22072646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a smartphone-based bacterial colony phenotyping instrument using a reflective elastic light scattering (ELS) pattern and the resolving power of the new instrument. The reflectance-type device can acquire ELS patterns of colonies on highly opaque media as well as optically dense colonies. The novel instrument was built using a smartphone interface and a 532 nm diode laser, and these essential optical components made it a cost-effective and portable device. When a coherent and collimated light source illuminated a bacterial colony, a reflective ELS pattern was created on the screen and captured by the smartphone camera. The collected patterns whose shapes were determined by the colony morphology were then processed and analyzed to extract distinctive features for bacterial identification. For validation purposes, the reflective ELS patterns of five bacteria grown on opaque growth media were measured with the proposed instrument and utilized for the classification. Cross-validation was performed to evaluate the classification, and the result showed an accuracy above 94% for differentiating colonies of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, L. innocua, S. enteritidis, and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyll-Joon Doh
- Applied Optics Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Brianna Dowden
- Basic Medical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (B.D.); (V.P.); (J.P.R.)
| | - Valery Patsekin
- Basic Medical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (B.D.); (V.P.); (J.P.R.)
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - J. Paul Robinson
- Basic Medical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (B.D.); (V.P.); (J.P.R.)
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Euiwon Bae
- Applied Optics Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
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Seetaram M, Muralivel V, Nayak SU, Mala Shenoy S, Kuthethur S, Natarajan S, Shenoy S. Comparative Analysis of Change in pH, Oral Health Status, and the Count of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus Species in the Oral Cavity in Patients with Gastroenteral Diseases Using Saliva: A Pilot Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:644-651. [PMID: 35036373 PMCID: PMC8713493 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_105_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventy million people are affected by gastroenteral (GI) disturbances throughout the world. Oral cavity possesses various bacteria that remain as healthy commensals or turn pathogenic due to shift of balance with disturbances in health, which is reflected in the oral cavity too. Studies have shown a possible oro-systemic link. This study aimed at assessing the effect of GI disease on oral health comparing levels of pH, microbiological counts, and oral health status between test and control groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS This pilot study consisted of two groups: test group containing 14 participants (GI disease) and control group (healthy) containing 3 participants. Two saliva samples were collected per patient. One sample was inoculated onto Mitis Salivarius and Rugose agar plates at 37oC in the CO2 incubator for 2 days. The second sample was used for recording pH. Parameters such as decayed, missing, and filled teeth, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical loss of attachment were also recorded. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. Regression analysis was applied to predict the three-microbe culture based on the pH and GI disease. RESULTS The oral health parameters showed a higher number of missing teeth, higher bleeding on probing, higher values of plaque and gingival index, a higher amount of clinical loss of attachment, and acidic pH of saliva in the test group. Microbiological analysis showed more Streptococcus mutans in the control group (7,500-10,000 cfu/mL), with a mean of 8,833.33±1,258.31 cfu/mL; S. salivarius was more in the test group (2,000-25,000 cfu/mL) with a mean of 15,866.67±6,697.76 cfu/mL. Candida was seen only in the test group (2,166.67±2,549.51 cfu/mL) and absent in the control group. Lactobacillus was absent in both the groups. CONCLUSION The present study suggests the relation between oral health and GI diseases. Hence, saliva could be used as an easy, non-invasive biomarker to analyze the gastroenteric status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Seetaram
- Student, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaidhegi Muralivel
- Student, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeeta Umesh Nayak
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra Mala Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudha Kuthethur
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Shenoy
- Department of Gastro-enterology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Razali Z, Somasundram C, Nurulain SZ, Kunasekaran W, Alias MR. Postharvest Quality of Cherry Tomatoes Coated with Mucilage from Dragon Fruit and Irradiated with UV-C. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172919. [PMID: 34502959 PMCID: PMC8434347 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cherry tomatoes are climacteric fruits that have a limited shelf life. Over the years, many methods have been applied to preserve the fruit quality and safety of these fruits. In this study, a novel method of combining mucilage from dragon fruits and UV-C irradiation was carried out. Cherry tomatoes were subjected to UV-C irradiation and edible coating, both as a stand-alone and hurdle treatment. The edible coating was prepared from the mucilage of white dragon fruits. Quality parameters including color, weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, antioxidant analysis (total phenolic content and flavonoid content), and microbial analysis were measured throughout 21 days of storage at 4 °C. Results showed that the hurdle treatment extended shelf life by 21 days, reduced weight loss (0.87 ± 0.05%) and color changes (11.61 ± 0.95 ΔE), and inhibited microbes better than stand-alone treatments. Furthermore, fruits treated with the combination of UV-C and edible coating also contained higher total polyphenol content (0.132 ± 0.003 mg GAE/100 mL), total flavonoid content (13.179 ± 0.002 mg CE/100 mL), and ascorbic acid (1.07 ± 0.06 mg/100 mL). These results show that the combination of UV-C and edible coating as a hurdle treatment could be an innovative method to preserve shelf life and quality of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuliana Razali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.S.); (S.Z.N.); (M.R.A.)
- The Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Chandran Somasundram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.S.); (S.Z.N.); (M.R.A.)
- The Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zalifah Nurulain
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.S.); (S.Z.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Wijenthiran Kunasekaran
- Cytonex Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 51200, Malaysia;
| | - Matthew Raj Alias
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.S.); (S.Z.N.); (M.R.A.)
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Kim MS, Lee SH, Park H, Kim JG. Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Assessments. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14154111. [PMID: 34361304 PMCID: PMC8348558 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Various types of organic and inorganic materials are widely examined and applied into the arsenic (As) contaminated soil to stabilize As bioavailability and to enhance soil quality as an amendment. This study deals with two types of amendments: biochar for organic amendment and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) for inorganic amendment. Each amendment was applied in two types of As contaminated soils: one showed low contaminated concentration and acid property and the other showed high contaminated concentration and alkali property. In order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of amendments on As contaminated soil, chemical (As bioavailability), biological phytotoxicity (Lactuca sativa), soil respiration activity, dehydrogenase activity, urease activity, ß-glucosidase activity, and acid/alkali phosphomonoesterase activity, an ecological (total bacterial cells and total metagenomics DNA at the phylum level) assessment was conducted. Both amendments increased soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which changes the bioavailability of As. In reducing phytotoxicity to As, the AMDS was the most effective regardless of soil types. Although soil enzyme activity results were not consistent with amendments types and soil types, bacterial diversity was increased after amendment application in acid soil. In acid soil, the results of principal component analysis represented that AMDS contributes to improve soil quality through the reduction in As bioavailability and the correction of soil pH from acidic to neutral condition, despite the increases in DOC. However, soil DOC had a negative effect on As bioavailability, phytotoxicity and some enzyme activity in alkali soil. Taken together, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the interaction of chemical, biological, and ecological properties according to soil pH in the decision-making stages for the selection of appropriate soil restoration material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Suk Kim
- OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Sang-Hwan Lee
- Gyeongin Regional Office, Mine Reclamation Corporation, Seoul 03151, Korea;
| | - Hyun Park
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Gyu Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3290-3024
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Bansal K, Chaudhary R, Mathur VP, Tewari N. Comparison of oral micro-flora in caries active and caries free Indian children using culture techniques and PCR analysis. Indian J Dent Res 2020; 31:420-425. [PMID: 32769277 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_39_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Although Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as the major etiologic agent in the development of dental caries, however, this organism has not been found to be present in all children with caries. Thus it remains to be elucidated whether a single or specific consortium of bacteria is responsible for the caries process. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oral microflora of Indian children suffering from dental caries and to compare the same in children with no caries. Methods The study was carried out on 67 out-patient 2-14 years old children who reported to the department of Paediatric Dentistry. Dental plaque samples from superficial and deep carious lesions and caries free surfaces in caries active children (n = 35) were collected using a sterile excavator in storage vials and subjected to various conventional and molecular microbial techniques. Caries free children (n = 32), who did not have any carious lesion served as controls. The data obtained was subjected to Pearson's Chi Square/Fischer's Exact tests to determine the statistical difference between the microflora of groups. Results Main organisms isolated were: Streptococcal species mainly S anginosus, S salivarius, S gordonii: Lactobacilli spp; Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Staph epidermidis, Staph aureus. Other organisms such as Klebsiella spp, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, E coli could also be found. There was a statistical difference in the frequency of isolation of non-mutans Streptococcal species (P = 0.008) and Lactobacilli species (P = 0.0001) in the two groups. Conclusions The study suggests that caries activity in this population of children is associated with a diverse microbial flora without detectable S mutans. Main organisms associated with dental caries in this population are: Gram-positive cocci and bacilli mainly the non-mutans Streptococcus and Lactobacilli. Frequent consumption of sugar containing food promotes the presence and growth of cariogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Bansal
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay P Mathur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Girolamini L, Dormi A, Pellati T, Somaroli P, Montanari D, Costa A, Savelli F, Martelli A, Grottola A, Fregni Serpini G, Cristino S. Advances in Legionella Control by a New Formulation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Silver Salts in a Hospital Hot Water Network. Pathogens 2019; 8:E209. [PMID: 31671765 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella surveillance is an important issue in public health, linked to the severity of disease and the difficulty associated with eradicating this bacterium from the water environment. Different treatments are suggested to reduce Legionella risk, however long-term studies of their efficiency are lacking. This study focused on the activity of a new formulation of hydrogen peroxide and silver salts, WTP828, in the hospital hot water network (HWN) to contain Legionella contamination during two years of treatment. The effectiveness of WTP828 was tested measuring physical-chemical and microbiological parameters such as Legionella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and a heterotopic plate count (HPC) at 36 °C. Legionella isolates were identified by serotyping and genotyping. WTP 828 induced a reduction in Legionella–positive sites (60% to 36%) and contamination levels (2.12 to 1.7 log10 CFU/L), with isolates belonging to L. pneumophila SG1 (ST1 and ST104), L. anisa and L. rubrilucens widely distributed in HWN. No relevant contamination was found for other parameters tested. The long-term effect of WTP828 on Legionella containment suggest the easy and safe application of this disinfectant, that combined with knowledge of building characteristics, an adequate environmental monitoring and risk assessment plan, become the key elements in preventing Legionella contamination and exposure.
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Freitas J, Vaz-Pires P, Câmara JS. Freshness Assessment and Shelf-Life Prediction for Seriola dumerili from Aquaculture Based on the Quality Index Method. Molecules 2019; 24:E3530. [PMID: 31569541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish and fish-based products are easily perishable foods due to different factors, including fragile organization, abundant endo-enzymes, psychrophilic bacteria, and impact of pre-harvest operations, that contribute to reducing its value. Therefore, a timely effective method for fish freshness and shelf-life evaluation is important. In this context, this study aimed to develop a sensory scheme based on the Quality Index Method (QIM) (sensory table and point system) for freshness monitorization and shelf-life prediction for Seriola dumerili from aquaculture in Madeira Island. Evaluation of appearance, texture, eyes, and gills was performed during 20 days of storage on ice (0 ± 1 °C). The shelf-life prediction was supported by the analysis of microorganisms (total viable colonies, TVC, counts), texture (Torrymeter), and production of trimethylamine (TMA), evaluated by HS-SPME–GC–MS and validated according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists AOAC guidelines. The result is a QIM scheme with 25 demerit points, where zero indicates total freshness. From the integration of sensory analysis, microbial growth at the time of rejection (TVC, 108 cfu/cm2 and H2S producers, 107 cfu/cm2), texture (Torrymeter value < 8), and TMA analyses (>12.5 mg/100 g), shelf-life was estimated as 12 days (±0.5 days). The obtained results show the high-throughput potential of the developed method for fish freshness assessment and shelf-life prediction. This QIM scheme is a secure way to measure quality and provide users with a reliable standardized fish freshness measure.
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Madane P, Das AK, Pateiro M, Nanda PK, Bandyopadhyay S, Jagtap P, Barba FJ, Shewalkar A, Maity B, Lorenzo JM. Drumstick ( Moringa oleifera) Flower as an Antioxidant Dietary Fibre in Chicken Meat Nuggets. Foods 2019; 8:E307. [PMID: 31374943 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigated the efficacy of Moringa flower (MF) extract to develop a functional chicken product. Three groups of cooked chicken nuggets—control (C), T1 (with 1% MF) and T2 (2% MF)—were elaborated and their physicochemical, nutritional, storage stability and sensory attributes were assessed during refrigerated storage at 4 °C up to 20 days. In addition, MF extracts were characterised in terms of chemical composition, total phenolic content and its components using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD), dietary fibre and antioxidant capacity. MF contained high protein (17.87 ± 0.28 dry matter), dietary fibre (36.14 ± 0.77 dry matter) and total phenolics (18.34 ± 1.16 to 19.49 ± 1.35 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry matter) content. The treated nuggets (T1 and T2) had significantly enhanced cooking yield, emulsion stability, ash, protein, total phenolics and dietary fibre compared to control. Incorporation of MF extract at 2% not only significantly reduced the redness/increased the lightness, but also decreased the hardness, gumminess and chewiness of the product compared to control. Moreover, the addition of MF extract significantly improved the oxidative stability and odour scores by reducing lipid oxidation during storage time. Sensory attributes of nuggets were not affected by the addition of MF extract and the products remained stable and acceptable even on 15th day of storage. These results showed that MF extract could be considered as an effective natural functional ingredient for quality improvement and reducing lipid oxidation in cooked chicken nuggets.
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Zhuang L, Tang Z, Ma J, Yu Z, Wang Y, Tang J. Enhanced Anaerobic Biodegradation of Benzoate Under Sulfate-Reducing Conditions With Conductive Iron-Oxides in Sediment of Pearl River Estuary. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:374. [PMID: 30881355 PMCID: PMC6406033 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic biodegradation of aromatic compounds under sulfate-reducing conditions is important to marine sediments. Sulfate respiration by a single bacterial strain and syntrophic metabolism by a syntrophic bacterial consortium are primary strategies for sulfate-dependent biodegradation of aromatic compounds. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of conductive iron oxides to facilitate the degradation of aromatic compounds under sulfate-reducing conditions in marine sediments, using benzoate as a model aromatic compound. Here, in anaerobic incubations of sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, the addition of hematite or magnetite (20 mM as Fe atom) enhanced the rates of sulfate-dependent benzoate degradation by 81.8 and 91.5%, respectively, compared with control incubations without iron oxides. Further experiments demonstrated that the rate of sulfate-dependent benzoate degradation accelerated with increased magnetite concentration (5, 10, and 20 mM). The detection of acetate as an intermediate product implied syntrophic benzoate degradation pathway, which was also supported by the abundance of putative acetate- or/and H2-utilizing sulfate reducers from microbial community analysis. Microbial reduction of iron oxides under sulfate-reducing conditions only accounted for 2–11% of electrons produced by benzoate oxidation, thus the stimulatory effect of conductive iron oxides on sulfate-dependent benzoate degradation was not mainly due to an increased pool of terminal electron acceptors. The enhanced rates of syntrophic benzoate degradation by the presence of conductive iron oxides probably resulted from the establishment of a direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between syntrophic partners. In the presence of magnetite, Bacteroidetes and Desulfobulbaceae with potential function of extracellular electron transfer might be involved in syntrophic benzoate degradation. Results from this study will contribute to the development of new strategies for in situ bioremediation of anaerobic sediments contaminated with aromatic compounds, and provide a new perspective for the natural attenuation of aromatic compounds in iron-rich marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlian Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqiang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Shetty M, Thulasidas N, John N, Hegde C. Microbial Analysis and Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Dental Laboratory Equipments and Laboratory Attire. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:607-612. [PMID: 31772472 PMCID: PMC6868626 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_569_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context This study was done to determine the level and type of microbial contamination present on the surface of various dental laboratory equipment and laboratory attire and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these isolated pathogens. Subjects and Methods The samples were divided into following groups: six groups of dental laboratory equipment (articulators, facebow, fox plane, polishing buff, micromotor handpiece, and surveyors) and dental attire of laboratory technicians and students. A total of 33 swabs were collected from each dental laboratory equipment, namely, articulators, facebow, fox plane, polishing buff, micromotor handpiece, and surveyors. The dental laboratory attire of students and dental technicians were analyzed separately. The swabs were collected from the laboratory attire at the end of the week, and they were washed once a week and at the beginning of the week. The groups are Group 1 - dental laboratory attire (students), Group 2 - dental laboratory attire (technicians), Group 3 - polishing buff, Group 4 - facebow, Group 5 - surveyor, Group 6 - fox plane, Group 7 - articulator, and Group 8 - micromotor handpiece. The moistened swabs were inoculated into the broth and subcultured on to the MacConkey Agar plates, and then incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 h. The organisms were identified based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolated organisms were done according to the CLSI guidelines. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Statistical Analysis Used The data collected were entered into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 22 (Armonk, NY, IBM Corp.). The frequency and mean standard deviation of the samples were analyzed using Fisher's exact value test. Percentage of resistance among the isolates to different antimicrobials was also determined. Results The microorganisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria, and Bacillus species. The mean microbial levels in dental laboratory attire were more (5 log10 colony-forming units [CFU]) compared with dental equipment (3 log10 CFU-4 log10 CFU). Furthermore, most of the isolated organisms showed increased antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion Majority of the isolated organisms were not a part of the normal oral microflora and are capable of causing various diseases. The increased resistance to the antimicrobials showed by the isolated organisms proves that there are increased chances of multiresistant organisms to occur in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Shetty
- Department of Oral Implantology, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhila Thulasidas
- Department of Prosthodontics, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nivya John
- Department of Prosthodontics, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chethan Hegde
- Department of Prosthodontics, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Bernardes FS, de Oliveira Diniz RC, Araújo JC, Paulo PL. Studies of filter media for zero-discharge systems collecting light greywater. Environ Technol 2017; 38:2173-2184. [PMID: 27809703 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1249414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Zero-discharge constructed wetland environments are more prone to the accumulation of pollutants. The relationship between filter media and microbial communities in this type of environment is still poorly known. We conducted bench-scale studies of different filter media (polyurethane foam, blast-furnace slag, and loofah) in these systems by simulating the batch operation with light greywater for 433 days. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses (scanning electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction electrophoresis denaturing gradient gel) were used. In all systems, anoxic environments prevailed. These environments were crucial for methanogenesis and sulfidogenesis processes, which are primarily responsible for organic material conversion. The chemical oxygen demand/sulfate (COD/SO42-) ratio was the limiting factor in the competition of microorganisms involved in these processes. This condition, combined with the neutral-alkaline pH, also allowed Chloroflexi phylum bacteria to oxidize sulfide to sulfate and elemental sulfur in all studied media. The results showed strong evidence supporting that the microbial community formed in the present study is more related to operational/environmental conditions than to the different tested filter media. Thus, this demonstrates that the control of interactive effects between pH, redox potential, and the COD/SO42- ratio can prevent the accumulation and/or release of sulfide in anoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Silva Bernardes
- a Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , MS , Brasil
| | - Renata Cortes de Oliveira Diniz
- b Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil
| | - Juliana Calábria Araújo
- b Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brasil
| | - Paula Loureiro Paulo
- a Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , MS , Brasil
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Sharma B, Parul, Verma AK, Jain U, Yadav JK, Singh R, Mishra R. Occurrence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli in groundwater of Brij region (Uttar Pradesh) and its public health implications. Vet World 2017; 10:293-301. [PMID: 28435191 PMCID: PMC5387656 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.293-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The study evaluates the microbial as well as physicochemical pollution of groundwater of Brij region of Uttar Pradesh, a major tourist destination in the country along with estimating the drug resistance evident in the isolated Escherichia coli. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 samples of groundwater were collected from six different sites and assessed for physicochemical (pH, color, taste, turbidity, total dissolved solids [TDS], total hardness [TH], chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, and iron) and microbiological parameters (standard plate count [SPC], most probable number test [MPN], E. coli). RESULTS A majority of the samples were found to be out of the range for most of the parameters except iron. Particularly, high values of TDS (up to 9000 ppm), TH (1500 mg/L), chlorides (3250 mg/L), fluorides (2.5 mg/L), and nitrates (100.2 mg/L) were observed at most of the sites in the region highlighting the fact that groundwater of the area is not potable. Samples were turbid and salty to taste. High SPC values, up to 3500 colony-forming unit/ml and coliforms beyond BIS range were found in 40% samples suggesting gross microbial contamination. Only 2 sites (G3 and G5) had low MPN values. Overall 16 (26.67%) E. coli were isolated with 3 (18.75%) producing red colonies on conge red agar, hence supposed to be pathogenic. No E. coli O157:H7 was isolated. High antimicrobial resistance was observed against amoxicillin and erythromycin, whereas E. coli isolates were sensitive toward cefotaxime-clavulanic acid and imipenem. 12 isolates (75%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) with MDR index >20%, and 2 isolates (12.5%) were found to be extended spectrum beta-lactamases positive. CONCLUSION Groundwater is considered to be a safe option for potable water but it is obvious from the findings of this study that considerable physicochemical and microbial contamination is there in groundwater samples of Brij region. The occurrence of MDR E. coli in these waters is a matter of great public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkha Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A. K. Verma
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Udit Jain
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Janaradan K. Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravneet Singh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghvendra Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Du H, Liu E, Xu C, Zhao S, Xiang H, Li Z. Prognostic value of funisitis and/or chorionic vasculitis compared to histologic chorioamnionitis in full-term infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:169-173. [PMID: 27023390 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1165200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare pathological findings in the placenta and cord with the prognosis of full-term infants in cases of neonatal infection and microbial analyses. METHODS The pathological findings in the placenta and cord and microbial analyses of amniotic fluid and neonatal samples based on culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were observed in 1208 full-term mother-infant pairs at our center. We also collected neonatal clinical infection data, such as the occurrence of septicemia and other infectious diseases. RESULTS Neonatal infection and positive identification of microorganisms were more common in the funisitis and/or chorionic vasculitis group than in the histologic chorioamnionitis group. CONCLUSION Funisitis and/or chorionic vasculitis is a valuable pathological marker for assessing the comparison between intrauterine infection and neonatal inflammatory conditions in infants delivered at full-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Du
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China.,b Department of Pathology , Maternity and Children Hospital of Shannxi Province , Xi'an , China
| | - Enqi Liu
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Changfu Xu
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- a Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Han Xiang
- c Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrical , and
| | - Zhang Li
- d Department of Neonatology , Maternity and Children Hospital of Shannxi Province , Xi'an , China
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