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Zhang HS, Zhao YW, Tao XY, Cong X, Wu LL, Yu GY, Zhang Y. Identification and culture of functional salivary gland ductal epithelial cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 162:511-521. [PMID: 39207519 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sialadenitis is a prevalent salivary gland disease resulting in decreased salivary flow rate. To date, little is known about the exact changes and mechanism of ductal cells in sialadenitis. This study aims to establish an efficient method to identify and isolate ductal cells, thereby facilitating further research on this specific cell type. Immunofluorescence for cytokeratin 13 and cytokeratin 19 was conducted in salivary glands to confirm their specificity as ductal cell markers. The dissected ducts were assessed through PCR and Western blot of cytokeratin 19 and digested by dispase and collagenase. The functionality of the isolated ductal cells was determined by measuring intracellular calcium. Cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 13 were expressed in all segments of human ducts. Cytokeratin 19 was limited to ducts excluding granular convoluted tubules in rat and mouse. The purities of the obtained ductal cells were approximately 98% in humans and 93% in rats. Furthermore, intracellular free calcium increased with time and concentration of carbachol treatment. Cytokeratin 19 serves as a dependable marker for identifying ductal cells in salivary glands, except for granular convoluted tubules. Moreover, we have successfully developed an efficient method for isolating ductal cells from salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Shu Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral, 22 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - You-Wei Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral, 22 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin-Yi Tao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral, 22 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Maymone MB, Greer RO, Kesecker J, Sahitya PC, Burdine LK, Cheng AD, Maymone AC, Vashi NA. Premalignant and malignant oral mucosal lesions: Clinical and pathological findings. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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3
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Gotouda H, Tamamura R, Kono T, Ootani Y, Kanno T, Kuwada-Kusunose T, Suzuki K, Sakae T, Okada H, Nasu I. Immunohistological Study of the Major Salivary Glands in the Gray Short-Tailed Opossums ( Monodelphis domestica). J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Gotouda
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Ryo Tamamura
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Tetsuro Kono
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Yukari Ootani
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Takeshi Kanno
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Takao Kuwada-Kusunose
- Department of Liberal Arts (Biology), Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Kunihiro Suzuki
- Department of Liberal Arts (Biology), Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Toshiro Sakae
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Histology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Ikuo Nasu
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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Wang W, Zou B, Zhu H, Bao Y. Clonal and genetic relationship between individual components of mucoepidermoid carcinoma: X-chromosome inactivation assay and microsatellite analysis. Hum Pathol 2016; 56:114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhu S, Schuerch C, Hunt J. Review and Updates of Immunohistochemistry in Selected Salivary Gland and Head and Neck Tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:55-66. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0167-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context
Immunohistochemistry is a useful tool for diagnosing salivary gland and head and neck tumors.
Objective
To review immunohistochemical markers, which can aid in the diagnosis of selected salivary gland and head and neck tumors.
Data Sources
Literature review and authors' personal practice experience.
Conclusions
Salivary gland and head and neck tumors include a large diverse group of tumors with complex and overlapping histologic features. Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in resolving the differential diagnosis of some salivary gland and head and neck tumors and can provide information for the prognosis of certain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Zhu
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania (Drs Zhu and Schuerch)
| | - Conrad Schuerch
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania (Drs Zhu and Schuerch)
| | - Jennifer Hunt
- and the Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (Dr Hunt)
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6
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Salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma revisited. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:799-819. [PMID: 24771140 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinicopathological features, prognosis and therapeutic strategies for mucoepidermoid carcinoma originating in salivary and salivary-type glands of the head and neck are reviewed. We emphasise histopathological aspects, appraise the value of histochemistry, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and cytophotometry, and discuss histogenesis and characteristic gene translocations. We additionally consider possible diagnostic difficulties, problems related to histological grading and accuracy of existing literature, and areas of controversy or uncertainty which may benefit from further investigations.
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Fonseca FP, de Andrade BAB, Lopes MA, Pontes HAR, Vargas PA, de Almeida OP. P63 expression in papillary cystadenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of minor salivary glands. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:79-86. [PMID: 23217538 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of p63 protein in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and papillary cystadenoma of the salivary glands, and to evaluate the usefulness of this protein in distinguishing these tumors. STUDY DESIGN Immunoexpression of p63 protein was studied and quantified in 9 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mucous retention cysts, 4 papillary cystadenomas, and 19 low-grade and 9 high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas. RESULTS All cases were positive for p63 immunoexpression; however, it was observed that p63 labeling in mucous retention cysts and papillary cystadenomas was limited to the basal layers of the cystic spaces, whereas in low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas, positive nuclear staining was also found diffusely in the suprabasal layers. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma presented increased immunoexpression of p63 compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS P63 immunohistochemical expression pattern can be helpful in distinguishing low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma from papillary cystadenoma of the salivary glands.
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Goulart MCV, Freitas-Faria P, Goulart GR, Oliveira AMD, Carlos-Bregni R, Soares CT, Lara VS. Pleomorphic adenoma with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratin cyst formations in minor salivary gland: a case report. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:182-8. [PMID: 21552721 PMCID: PMC4243758 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), the most common salivary gland tumor, accounts for 54 to 65% of all salivary gland neoplasias and 80% of the benign salivary gland tumors. It most frequently affects the parotid gland, followed by the submandibular and the minor salivary glands. Microscopically, mucous, sebaceous, oncocytic and squamous metaplasia, sometimes with the formation of keratin pearls, may be present, but the latter rarely results in the formation of extensive keratin-filled cysts lined by squamous epithelium. Extensive squamous metaplasia can be mistaken for malignancy, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we present an unusual case of PA with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratin cyst formations in a minor salivary gland, and discuss its microscopic features, including the immunohistochemical characteristics, and differential diagnosis of this uncommon presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Vaz Goulart
- Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Comparative cytokeratin expression in the different cell types of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2008; 2:257-64. [PMID: 20614291 PMCID: PMC2807572 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-008-0074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor, composed of several different cell types, with controversial histogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of cytokeratins in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, comparing to cytokeratin expression in normal salivary glands, in order to establish a possible correlation between tumor cells immunostaining and mucoepidermoid carcinoma histogenesis and differentiation. Eighty cases of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma were immunohistochemically examined with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 18, and 19. Cytokeratin expression varied according to the cellular type: squamous cells presented high expression of cytokeratins 6, 7, 8, 14, 18, and 19; intermediate and mucous cells of cytokeratin 7; clear and columnar cells of cytokeratins 6, 7, 8 and the latter also expressed cytokeratin 18. Cytokeratin 13 expression was low in all cell types. Cytokeratin immunoexpression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma was variable according to the cellular type; but regardless of the cellular type studied, cytokeratins 7 and 13 were, respectively, constantly high and low expressed. The immunoprofile of the normal salivary glands was variable according to the component but, in general, cytokeratin profile in mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed similarity to the immunoexpression on the excretory duct unit of normal salivary glands.
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Dorso L, Risi E, Triau S, Labrut S, Nguyen F, Guigand L, Wyers M, Abadie J. High-Grade Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Mandibular Salivary Gland in a Lion (Panthera leo). Vet Pathol 2008; 45:104-8. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-1-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 13–year-old neutered male lion was presented with a primary neoplasm arising from the left mandibular salivary gland associated with metastases to regional lymph nodes, thoracic viscera (lungs, heart, esophagus, and diaphragm), and kidney. Histologic and immunohistochemical investigations led to a diagnosis of a high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandibular salivary gland. In this case report, we point out the importance of the immunohistochemical characterization for differential diagnosis between various types of carcinomas of the salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Dorso
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - E. Risi
- Clinique des Animaux d'Espéces Inhabituelles, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S. Triau
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - S. Labrut
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - F. Nguyen
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L. Guigand
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - M. Wyers
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J. Abadie
- Unité d'Anatomie Pathologique, UMR ENVN-INRA 703, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
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11
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Genelhu MCLS, Cardoso SV, Gobbi H, Cassali GD. A comparative study between mixed-type tumours from human salivary and canine mammary glands. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:218. [PMID: 18045453 PMCID: PMC2233636 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In comparative pathology, canine mammary tumours have special interest because of their similarities with human breast cancer. Mixed tumours are uncommon lesions in the human breast, but they are found most frequently in the mammary gland of the female dogs and in the human salivary glands. The aim of the study was to compare clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of human salivary and canine mammary gland mixed tumours, in order to evaluate the latter as an experimental model for salivary gland tumours. METHODS Ten examples of each mixed tumour type (human pleomorphic adenoma and carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenomas and canine mixed tumour and metaplastic carcinoma) were evaluated. First, clinical and morphologic aspects of benign and malignant variants were compared between the species. Then, streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of cytokeratins, vimentin, p63 protein, estrogen receptor, beta-catenin, and E-cadherin. RESULTS After standardization, similar age and site distributions were observed in human and canine tumours. Histological similarities were identified in the comparison of the benign lesions as well. Metaplastic carcinomas also resembled general aspects of carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenomas in morphological evaluation. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining further presented similar antigenic expression between lesions. CONCLUSION There are many similar features between human salivary and canine mammary gland mixed tumours. This observation is of great relevance for those interested in the study and management of salivary gland tumours, since canine lesions may constitute useful comparative models for their investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C L S Genelhu
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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do Prado RF, Lima CF, Pontes HAR, Almeida JD, Cabral LAG, Carvalho YR. Calcifications in a clear cell mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a case report with histological and immunohistochemical findings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 104:e40-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Yang S, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang J. Non-sebaceous lymphadenoma of the salivary gland: case report with immunohistochemical investigation. Virchows Arch 2007; 450:595-9. [PMID: 17431672 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-007-0393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-sebaceous lymphadenoma (NSL) is a rare, recently described, benign salivary gland tumor characterized by a dense lymphoid infiltrate and absence of sebaceous differentiation. To our knowledge, only seven previous cases have been reported. In this paper, we describe an additional example of NSL along with an extensive analysis of its keratin (CK) profile. The patient was a 50-year-old woman presenting with a slowly growing painless mass in the right parotid gland. The tumor was encapsulated and measured 3 x 2 x 2 cm. Microscopically, the tumor comprised islands of epithelial cells with centrally located duct-like structures within a dense lymphoid stroma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor regularly expressed CKs 7, 8/18, and 19, which are typical for columnar differentiation and CKs 17 and 5/6, which are most typically expressed in basal cells of complex epithelia. CK14 was only expressed in rare scattered cells and eventually in groups of cells. The expression of CK10/13, which correlates with squamous differentiation, was negative. Additionally, immunostaining for smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and S-100 was also performed. The immunohistochemical findings in the neoplastic epithelial component of our case suggest a differentiation of "intercalated duct phenotype" without myoepithelial cell participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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da Silveira EJD, Veras Barros SSL, de Amorim RFB, Queiroz LMG, Freitas RDA, de Souza LB. Cytokeratin profile in mucoepidermoid carcinoma is not related to its histological grading of malignancy. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:72-6. [PMID: 16445908 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the relationship between the expression of cytokeratins (CKs) and histologic grading in MEC. Eleven cases of MEC were selected and graded as low, intermediate and high-grade tumors. The expression of CKs 7, 8, 10, 13 and 14 was assessed immunohistochemically using streptavidin-biotin complex method. The results showed that the studied CKs were expressed in most cases of MEC, independently of histologic grading. Nonetheless, low-grade tumors demonstrated intense staining of CK 7 and 8; additionally, CK 10 and 13 were more pronounced in this grade. The immunoexpression was variable according to cellular type and organization pattern of the tumor. Mucous cells were positive for CK 7 and 8; epidermoid cells were stained for CK 10, 13 and 14; CK 7, 8, 10 and 14 were observed in intermediate cells, and CK 7 was occasionally seen in clear cells. Cystic structures and duct-like elements in MEC were positive for CK 7 and 8, whereas solid nests showed positivity for all CKs. These results suggest that expression profile of these proteins does not reflect the biological behavior of MCE, however, it guides the detection of cellular types and differential diagnosis from other salivary gland tumors.
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Furuse C, Cury PR, de Araújo NS, de Araújo VC. Application of Two Different Clones of Vimentin to the Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2006; 14:217-9. [PMID: 16785793 DOI: 10.1097/01.pai.0000173051.60543.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the evolution of IHC techniques, a broad range of antibodies have become available to diagnostic immunohistology. The authors observed different expressions of vimentin in salivary gland tumors using two clones of this antibody. This study was undertaken to show these differences comparing the immunoexpression of two clones of vimentin (V9 and Vim 3B4, DAKO, Carpenteria, CA) using 10 pleomorphic adenomas, 10 adenoid cystic carcinomas, and 4 epithelial/myoepithelial carcinomas of the salivary glands. The V9 clone of vimentin was much more efficient in demonstrating the myoepithelial cells in the different tumors studied. The Vim 3B4 clone was capable of detecting some myoepithelial cells, the plasmacytoid or modified myoepithelial cells in the pleomorphic adenoma, but was very weak in epithelial/-myoepithelial carcinomas. The difference between the two clones studied is a warning that pathologists need to know the specificity and sensitivity of the reagent they are using.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Furuse
- Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Institute, Campinas, Brazil
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16
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Sittitavornwong S, Koehler JR, Said-Al-Naief N. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst of the Anterior Maxilla: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 64:740-5. [PMID: 16546663 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2005.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somsak Sittitavornwong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Beltran D, Faquin WC, Gallagher G, August M. Selective Immunohistochemical Comparison of Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 64:415-23. [PMID: 16487803 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a salivary gland malignancy characterized by indolent growth and a low rate of metastasis. PLGA shares histological features with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), including infiltrating solid and cribriform patterns, presence of cystic spaces, and neurotropism. The degree of polymorphism of PLGA presents diagnostic challenges, particularly in small biopsy specimens. Immunohistochemical reactions to differentiate PLGA from the more aggressive ACC would be extremely valuable but controversy exists in the current literature regarding their utility. This study examines the potential use of c-kit, Ki-67, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and muscle-specific actin (MSA) as ancillary markers for distinguishing PLGA from ACC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records of 20 cases of PLGA treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital were reviewed. Patient demographic data and tumor-specific information were elicited. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from 10 of these cases and 12 comparison cases of ACC were accessed. The histologic diagnoses were confirmed and immunohistochemical staining using antibodies to c-kit, Ki-67, SMA, and MSA was employed to determine differences in staining. RESULTS PLGA showed a significantly weaker immunohistochemical expression of c-kit compared with ACC (P = < .001). Ki-67, correlating with proliferative behavior, was more weakly expressed in PLGA (P = .091). The exuberant myoepithelial component of ACC resulted in stronger staining with SMA and MSA (P = .047; P = .065, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Statistically significant immunohistochemical staining patterns using c-kit and SMA in this study support their potential use as markers to differentiate PLGA from ACC in cases where the diagnosis can be challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beltran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Maruya SI, Kies MS, Williams M, Myers JN, Weber RS, Batsakis JG, El-Naggar AK. Differential expression of p63 isotypes (DeltaN and TA) in salivary gland neoplasms: biological and diagnostic implications. Hum Pathol 2005; 36:821-7. [PMID: 16084953 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine the association between the expression of p63 gene isoforms (TA and DeltaN) and salivary gland tumorigenesis, we performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of these markers in 71 benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms. The results were correlated with the expression of Notch ligand JAG1 gene and the clinicopathologic features and the full-length p63 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Both p63 isoforms were either negative or weakly expressed in normal salivary gland tissues. TAp63 was highly expressed in most benign tumors and was either negative or weakly positive in most carcinomas. Conversely, DeltaNp63 was negative or faintly positive in most benign neoplasms and was highly expressed in adenoid cystic, mucoepidermoid, and myoepithelial carcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-full-length p63 protein showed ubiquitous nuclear staining in basal and myoepithelial cells in both benign and malignant neoplasms. JAG1 was expressed in most benign and malignant tumors and did not correlate with p63 isoforms expression. We conclude that (1) p63 isoforms are differentially expressed in most benign and malignant tumors and may play distinct biological roles in certain salivary gland neoplasms; (2) p63 immunostaining do not correlate with the isoforms expression; and (3) isoform-specific antibodies are required for better cellular localization and biological correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Maruya
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Riedlinger WFJ, Hurley MY, Dehner LP, Lind AC. Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Skin: A Distinct Entity From Adenosquamous Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2005; 29:131-5. [PMID: 15613868 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000147397.08853.6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the skin is an exceedingly rare but distinctive neoplasm with respect to its histopathologic features. It is similar if not identical in most respects to MEC of the salivary gland, a neoplasm whose prognosis is correlated with the pathologic grade. We report a case of MEC of the skin in a 79-year-old white woman who presented with an axillary mass. Beneath an unremarkable epidermis, a circumscribed, cystic neoplasm, unattached to the surface, was characterized by the presence of vague lobules of low-grade-appearing squamous cells accompanied by mucigenic and clear cells. A mucin stain highlighted the mucigenic cells and immunohistochemistry revealed pan-cytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, and epithelial membrane antigen positivity. The cytokeratin 20 and gross cystic disease fluid protein were nonreactive. Inconsistency was encountered in the literature where some confusion existed as to whether MEC is synonymous with adenosquamous carcinoma of the skin. Elsewhere in the body, the latter tumor type is a squamous and gland-forming neoplasm with intermediate- to high-grade features rather than a tumor with mucigenic cells intermingled among intermediate and squamous cells. As in the case of MEC and adenosquamous carcinoma elsewhere in extracutaneous sites, we would propose that a pathologic distinction should be made in the skin for the sake of consistency and for prognostic purposes. Additionally, the immunophenotype of our case is similar to at least two other cases of cutaneous MEC, as well as MEC of the salivary gland, to support the hypothesis that this neoplasm is adnexal rather than epidermal in origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram F J Riedlinger
- Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
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Gomes APN, Sobral APV, Loducca SVL, de Araújo VC. Sialadenoma papilliferum: immunohistochemical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33:621-4. [PMID: 15308267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2003.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare benign tumour of salivary gland origin, which has been included among the ductal papillomas in the latest classification of tumours by the World Health Organisation. Two SP from the minor salivary gland of the palate of middle age patients were presented and studied by immunohistochemical. Our results showed presence of cytokeratins (CKs) 13, 14, 7, 8, 19 and absence of vimentin and smooth muscle actin. This immunoprofile is similar to the excretory duct of salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P N Gomes
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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21
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Pires FR, Chen SY, da Cruz Perez DE, de Almeida OP, Kowalski LP. Cytokeratin expression in central mucoepidermoid carcinoma and glandular odontogenic cyst. Oral Oncol 2004; 40:545-51. [PMID: 15006629 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is an entity whose origin is still controversial. Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a recently described lesion whose relationship to low-grade central MEC has been reported in the literature. Our aim was to assess the cytokeratin (CK) profile of central MEC and GOC, and compare the results with CK expression in salivary gland MEC and odontogenic cysts and tumors. Eighty-five cases, including 6 central MECs, 23 salivary gland MECs, 10 GOCs, 34 odontogenic cysts and 12 ameloblastomas, were studied through immunohistochemistry using eleven monoclonal anti-CK antibodies. All central MECs expressed CKs 5, 7, 8, 14, and 18 and all GOCs expressed CKs 5, 7, 8, 13, 14, and 19. Comparing CK expression from GOC and central MEC we found differences in CKs 18 (30% vs 100%) and 19 (100% vs 50%). Central MEC and GOC are probably distinct entities with CK profiles similar to lesions of glandular and odontogenic origins, respectively, and expression of CKs 18 and 19 could be useful in their differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Ramôa Pires
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 157 Vila Isabel, CEP: 21550-030, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.
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Abstract
Neoplastic myoepithelium is considered to be the key cellular participant in morphogenetic processes responsible for the variable histologic appearances of many salivary gland tumors. Nevertheless, controversy still exists concerning its participation in some types of salivary gland neoplasms. This has been largely due to the difficulty in fully characterizing the wide spectrum of morphologic and immunophenotypic expressions of neoplastic myoepithelium compared with the normal counterpart. However, in recent years, our understanding regarding the phenotypic, immunophenotypic, ultrastructural, and biochemical properties of myoepithelium has advanced. Here we discuss the role of neoplastic myoepithelium in the scope of salivary gland neoplasia and present this information from a practical diagnostic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan T Savera
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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de Araújo VC, Kowalski LP, Soares F, de Araújo NS, Loducca SVL, Sobral APV. Salivary duct carcinoma: cytokeratin 14 as a marker of in-situ intraductal growth. Histopathology 2002; 41:244-9. [PMID: 12207786 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the immunoprofile of salivary duct carcinoma and to differentiate intraductal growth from invasive growth. METHODS AND RESULTS We applied a panel of antibodies (cytokeratins 7, 8, 13, 14, 19, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin) in five cases of salivary duct carcinoma. This panel is currently used for identification of different components of salivary gland tumours in our laboratory. All tumour cells were positive for cytokeratins 7 and 8. Few neoplastic structures expressed cytokeratin 14 in cells surrounding tumour islands. CONCLUSION The finding of cytokeratin 14 was important to confirm the in-situ intraductal growth, which probably characterizes this low-grade neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C de Araújo
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Universidade Estadual de Pernambuco, and Cancer Hospital AC Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martins MD, Cavalcanti de Araujo V, Raitz R, Soares de Araújo N. Expression of cytoskeletal proteins in developing human minor salivary glands. Eur J Oral Sci 2002; 110:316-21. [PMID: 12206594 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2002.21360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of an epithelium at different stages of proliferation and differentiation raises interesting questions concerning the histogenesis, cell turnover and differentiation of normal salivary glands. In order to expand knowledge of these aspects, we investigated the expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 7,8,10,13,14,16,18 and 19, vimentin (VIM), and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in developing human minor salivary glands using monoclonal antibodies. Labial, buccal, palatine, and lingual salivary glands and those from the floor of the mouth were obtained from human fetuses (forensic postmortem) ranging in age from gestational weeks 10 to 29. Serial sections, 3 microm thick, were immunostained using a strepto-avidin-biotin technique. Reactivity for all antibodies was negative in the salivary gland epithelium during the developmental stages of bud formation, cord growth, and branching of cord. During canalization and cytodifferentiation, the glandular epithelial cells showed a positive reaction to some CKs and SMA. Cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, and 19 showed strong labeling in luminal duct cells that exhibited some degree of morphological differentiation. Myoepithelial cellc were recognized by antibodies to SMA. Cytoskeletal protein expression changes according to the cell type, degree of differentiation, and stage of morphological development of the glandular structure. These changes occur independently of the localization of the gland.
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Sobral APV, Loducca SVL, Kowalski LP, Santos IRB, Almeida OP, Araújo NS, Araújo VC. Immunohistochemical distinction of high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma of the parotid region. Oral Oncol 2002; 38:437-40. [PMID: 12110337 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(01)00089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The correct diagnosis of high-grade mucoepidermoid (MEC), which is composed of solid islands of intermediate and squamous cells, may be challenging, due to its similarity to other tumours, mainly with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The present report employed immunohistochemical technique against different cytokeratins (CKs), in order to differentiate these two entities. : Six high-grade MEC and six SCC of the parotid region, retrieved from the files of both Oral Pathology Department of the School of Dentistry of University of São Paulo and Pathology Department of A.C. Camargo Hospital, were submitted immunohistochemical technique against Cks 7,8, 10, 13, 14 and 19. : High-grade MEC was positive for Cks 7, 8, 13, 14 and 19. The cases of SCC showed strong positivity for CK14, and CK10 was present only in focal areas. Our results highlight the use of CKs (especially CK14) to differentiate high-grade MEC and SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P V Sobral
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, Brazil
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26
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de Araújo VC, de Sousa SO, Carvalho YR, de Araújo NS. Application of immunohistochemistry to the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2000; 8:195-202. [PMID: 10981871 DOI: 10.1097/00129039-200009000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A panel of antibodies composed of the cytokeratins (CKs), vimentin, and actin was applied to 114 minor salivary gland tumors to evaluate its diagnostic value. The results revealed that luminal cells of intercalated duct-like structures, such as those seen in pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, expressed CKs 7, 8, 14, and 19. The outer cells of these structures exhibited vimentin or vimentin plus muscle-specific actin, but rarely CK14, which is seen particularly in pleomorphic adenoma, in the tubular type of basal cell adenoma, and seldom in the tubular type of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Modified myoepithelial cells of pleomorphic adenoma and myoepithelioma exhibited a variable immunoprofile. CKs 7 and 8 were also observed in acinar cell adenocarcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma with vimentin in the latter. CK13 was expressed only by canalicular adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. This study showed that the panel of antibodies employed is effective in distinguishing among salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C de Araújo
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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