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Gao X, Mukaibo T, Wei X, Faustoferri RC, Oei MS, Hwang SK, Yan AJ, Melvin JE, Ovitt CE. Nkx2.3 transcription factor is a key regulator of mucous cell identity in salivary glands. Dev Biol 2024; 509:1-10. [PMID: 38311164 PMCID: PMC10939741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Saliva is vital to oral health, fulfilling multiple functions in the oral cavity. Three pairs of major salivary glands and hundreds of minor salivary glands contribute to saliva production. The secretory acinar cells within these glands include two distinct populations. Serous acinar cells secrete a watery saliva containing enzymes, while mucous acinar cells secrete a more viscous fluid containing highly glycosylated mucins. Despite their shared developmental origins, the parotid gland (PG) is comprised of only serous acinar cells, while the sublingual gland (SLG) contains predominantly mucous acinar cells. The instructive signals that govern the identity of serous versus mucous acinar cell phenotypes are not yet known. The homeobox transcription factor Nkx2.3 is uniquely expressed in the SLG. Disruption of the Nkx2.3 gene was reported to delay the maturation of SLG mucous acinar cells. To examine whether Nkx2.3 plays a role in directing the mucous cell phenotype, we analyzed SLG from Nkx2.3-/- mice using RNAseq, immunostaining and proteomic analysis of saliva. Our results indicate that Nkx2.3, most likely in concert with other transcription factors uniquely expressed in the SLG, is a key regulator of the molecular program that specifies the identity of mucous acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Taro Mukaibo
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaolu Wei
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Roberta C Faustoferri
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Maria S Oei
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seo-Kyoung Hwang
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Adela Jingyi Yan
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - James E Melvin
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Catherine E Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Jaramillo AM, Vladar EK, Holguin F, Dickey BF, Evans CM. Emerging cell and molecular targets for treating mucus hypersecretion in asthma. Allergol Int 2024:S1323-8930(24)00046-7. [PMID: 38692992 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucus provides a protective barrier that is crucial for host defense in the lungs. However, excessive or abnormal mucus can have pathophysiological consequences in many pulmonary diseases, including asthma. Patients with asthma are treated with agents that relax airway smooth muscle and reduce airway inflammation, but responses are often inadequate. In part, this is due to the inability of existing therapeutic agents to directly target mucus. Accordingly, there is a critical need to better understand how mucus hypersecretion and airway plugging are affected by the epithelial cells that synthesize, secrete, and transport mucus components. This review highlights recent advances in the biology of mucin glycoproteins with a specific focus on MUC5AC and MUC5B, the chief macromolecular components of airway mucus. An improved mechanistic understanding of key steps in mucin production and secretion will help reveal novel potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Jaramillo
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eszter K Vladar
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Burton F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas M.D., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Phrompanya P, Suriyaruean N, Nantarat N, Saenphet S, Tragoolpua Y, Saenphet K. Biological properties of mucus from land snails ( Lissachatina fulica) and freshwater snails ( Pomacea canaliculata) and histochemical study of mucous cells in their foot. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15827. [PMID: 37583916 PMCID: PMC10424676 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mucus derived from many land snails has been extensively utilised in medicine and cosmetics, but some biological activities of the mucus need to be well documented. Nevertheless, most mucus is obtained from land snails, while mucus from freshwater snails has yet to be attended. Methods This study aims to determine and compare mucus's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from the land snail Lissachatina fulica and the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata. ABTS, DPPH, reducing power and total antioxidant activity assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells was performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the histochemical analysis of mucous cells in each snail foot was conducted to compare the distribution of mucous cells and types of mucins using periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue staining. Results Mucus from L. fulica and P. canaliculata exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in different parameters. L. fulica mucus has higher total antioxidant (44.71 ± 2.11 mg AAE/g) and nitric oxide inhibitory activities (IC50 = 9.67 ± 0.31 µg/ml), whereas P. canaliculata mucus has better-reducing power activity (43.63 ± 2.47 mg AAE/g) and protein denaturation inhibition (IC50 = 0.60 ± 0.03 mg/ml). Histochemically, both species' dorsal and ventral foot regions contained neutral and acid mucins in different quantities. In the dorsal region, the neutral mucins level in L. fulica (16.64 ± 3.46%) was significantly higher than that in P. canaliculata (11.19 ± 1.50%), while the acid mucins level showed no significant difference between species. Levels of both mucins in the ventral foot region of L. fulica (15.08 ± 3.97% and 10.76 ± 3.00%, respectively) were significantly higher than those of P. canaliculata (2.25 ± 0.48% and 2.71 ± 0.56%, respectively). This study revealed scientific evidence of the biological capacity of mucus from L. fulica and P. canaliculata as well as provided helpful information on the region of the foot which produces effective mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phornphan Phrompanya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Ph.D.’s Degree Program in Biology (International Program), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Narinnida Suriyaruean
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattawadee Nantarat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supap Saenphet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokporn Saenphet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Kim HT, Park JY. Morphology and histology of the olfactory organ of two African lungfishes, Protopterus amphibius and P. dolloi (Lepidosirenidae, Dipnoi). Appl Microsc 2021; 51:5. [PMID: 33864537 PMCID: PMC8053140 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-021-00054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory organs of two African lungfishes, Protopterus amphibius and P. dolloi, were investigated using a stereo microscope and a compound light microscope and were described anatomically, histologically, and histochemically. Like other lungfishes, these species present the following general features: i) elongated olfactory chamber (OC), ii) anterior nostril at the ventral tip of the upper lip, iii) posterior nostril on the palate of the oral cavity, iv) lamellae with multiple cell types such as olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells, lymphatic cells, and mucous cells (MC), and vi) vomero-like epithelial crypt (VEC) made of glandular epithelium (GE) and crypt sensory epithelium. Some of these features exhibit differences between species: MCs are abundant in both the lamellar and inner walls of the OC in P. amphibius but occur only in lamellae in P. dolloi. On the other hand, some between feature differences are consistent across species: the GE of both P. amphibius and P. dolloi is strongly positive for Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff (deep violet coloration), and positive with hematoxylin and eosin and with Masson's trichrome (reddish-brown staining), unlike the MCs of the two species which stain dark red with both Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid Schiff and Masson's trichrome but respond faintly to hematoxylin and eosin. The differing abundance of MCs in the two lungfishes might reflect different degrees in aerial exposure of the olfactory organ, while the neutral and acid mucopolysaccharide-containing VEC, as indicated by staining properties of the MCs, is evolutionary evidence that P. amphibius and P. dolloi are the closest living relatives to tetrapods, at least in the order Dipnoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jong Young Park
- Department of Biological Science and Institute for Biodiversity Research, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
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Azevedo RS, de Almeida OP, Kowalski LP, Pires FR. Comparative cytokeratin expression in the different cell types of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2008; 2:257-64. [PMID: 20614291 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-008-0074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor, composed of several different cell types, with controversial histogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of cytokeratins in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, comparing to cytokeratin expression in normal salivary glands, in order to establish a possible correlation between tumor cells immunostaining and mucoepidermoid carcinoma histogenesis and differentiation. Eighty cases of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma were immunohistochemically examined with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 18, and 19. Cytokeratin expression varied according to the cellular type: squamous cells presented high expression of cytokeratins 6, 7, 8, 14, 18, and 19; intermediate and mucous cells of cytokeratin 7; clear and columnar cells of cytokeratins 6, 7, 8 and the latter also expressed cytokeratin 18. Cytokeratin 13 expression was low in all cell types. Cytokeratin immunoexpression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma was variable according to the cellular type; but regardless of the cellular type studied, cytokeratins 7 and 13 were, respectively, constantly high and low expressed. The immunoprofile of the normal salivary glands was variable according to the component but, in general, cytokeratin profile in mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed similarity to the immunoexpression on the excretory duct unit of normal salivary glands.
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