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Park J, Moore JC, Xu F. Asymmetric Synthesis of iso-Boc (S)-2-Amino-8-nonenoic Acid in One Through-Process. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghan Park
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Moore
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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Ošlaj M, Cluzeau J, Orkić D, Kopitar G, Mrak P, Časar Z. A highly productive, whole-cell DERA chemoenzymatic process for production of key lactonized side-chain intermediates in statin synthesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62250. [PMID: 23667462 PMCID: PMC3647077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing DERA (2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase), we developed the first whole-cell biotransformation process for production of chiral lactol intermediates useful for synthesis of optically pure super-statins such as rosuvastatin and pitavastatin. Herein, we report the development of a fed-batch, high-density fermentation with Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) overexpressing the native E. coli deoC gene. High activity of this biomass allows direct utilization of the fermentation broth as a whole-cell DERA biocatalyst. We further show a highly productive bioconversion processes with this biocatalyst for conversion of 2-substituted acetaldehydes to the corresponding lactols. The process is evaluated in detail for conversion of acetyloxy-acetaldehyde with the first insight into the dynamics of reaction intermediates, side products and enzyme activity, allowing optimization of the feeding strategy of the aldehyde substrates for improved productivities, yields and purities. The resulting process for production of ((2S,4R)-4,6-dihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl acetate (acetyloxymethylene-lactol) has a volumetric productivity exceeding 40 g L−1 h−1 (up to 50 g L−1 h−1) with >80% yield and >80% chromatographic purity with titers reaching 100 g L−1. Stereochemical selectivity of DERA allows excellent enantiomeric purities (ee >99.9%), which were demonstrated on downstream advanced intermediates. The presented process is highly cost effective and environmentally friendly. To our knowledge, this is the first asymmetric aldol condensation process achieved with whole-cell DERA catalysis and it simplifies and extends previously developed DERA-catalyzed approaches based on the isolated enzyme. Finally, applicability of the presented process is demonstrated by efficient preparation of a key lactol precursor, which fits directly into the lactone pathway to optically pure super-statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Ošlaj
- Genetics, Anti-Infectives, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Jérôme Cluzeau
- API Development, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Damir Orkić
- API Development, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Kopitar
- Genetics, Anti-Infectives, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Peter Mrak
- Genetics, Anti-Infectives, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (PM); (ZC)
| | - Zdenko Časar
- API Development, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Mengeš, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (PM); (ZC)
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Unraveling the function of paralogs of the aldehyde dehydrogenase super family from Sulfolobus solfataricus. Extremophiles 2013; 17:205-16. [PMID: 23296511 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) have been well established in all three domains of life and were shown to play essential roles, e.g., in intermediary metabolism and detoxification. In the genome of Sulfolobus solfataricus, five paralogs of the aldehyde dehydrogenases superfamily were identified, however, so far only the non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) and α-ketoglutaric semialdehyde dehydrogenase (α-KGSADH) have been characterized. Detailed biochemical analyses of the remaining three ALDHs revealed the presence of two succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) isoenzymes catalyzing the NAD(P)(+)-dependent oxidation of succinic semialdehyde. Whereas SSO1629 (SSADH-I) is specific for NAD(+), SSO1842 (SSADH-II) exhibits dual cosubstrate specificity (NAD(P)(+)). Physiological significant activity for both SSO-SSADHs was only detected with succinic semialdehyde and α-ketoglutarate semialdehyde. Bioinformatic reconstructions suggest a major function of both enzymes in γ-aminobutyrate, polyamine as well as nitrogen metabolism and they might additionally also function in pentose metabolism. Phylogenetic studies indicated a close relationship of SSO-SSALDHs to GAPNs and also a convergent evolution with the SSADHs from E. coli. Furthermore, for SSO1218, methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (MSDH) activity was demonstrated. The enzyme catalyzes the NAD(+)- and CoA-dependent oxidation of methylmalonate semialdehyde, malonate semialdehyde as well as propionaldehyde (PA). For MSDH, a major function in the degradation of branched chain amino acids is proposed which is supported by the high sequence homology with characterized MSDHs from bacteria. This is the first report of MSDH as well as SSADH isoenzymes in Archaea.
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Cheng G, Wang X, Bao H, Cheng C, Liu N, Hu Y. Total syntheses of (-)-hanishin, (-)-longamide B, and (-)-longamide B methyl ester via a novel preparation of N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxylates [corrected]. Org Lett 2012; 14:1062-5. [PMID: 22315925 DOI: 10.1021/ol203433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel preparation of N-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxylates has been developed based upon 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and a conventional hydrogenolysis. By using this method as the key step, total syntheses of natural alkaloids (-)-hanishin, (-)-longamide [corrected] B, and (-)-longamide [corrected] B methyl ester were accomplished in the highest overall yields, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Lorente A, Pla D, Cañedo LM, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Isolation, Structural Assignment, and Total Synthesis of Barmumycin. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8508-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lorente
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Pla
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Librada M. Cañedo
- Instituto Biomar, S.A. Parque Tecnológico de León-M10.4, E-24009 Armunia, León, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Álvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Brouns SJJ, Walther J, Snijders APL, van de Werken HJG, Willemen HLDM, Worm P, de Vos MGJ, Andersson A, Lundgren M, Mazon HFM, van den Heuvel RHH, Nilsson P, Salmon L, de Vos WM, Wright PC, Bernander R, van der Oost J. Identification of the Missing Links in Prokaryotic Pentose Oxidation Pathways. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:27378-88. [PMID: 16849334 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605549200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentose metabolism of Archaea is largely unknown. Here, we have employed an integrated genomics approach including DNA microarray and proteomics analyses to elucidate the catabolic pathway for D-arabinose in Sulfolobus solfataricus. During growth on this sugar, a small set of genes appeared to be differentially expressed compared with growth on D-glucose. These genes were heterologously overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant proteins were purified and biochemically studied. This showed that D-arabinose is oxidized to 2-oxoglutarate by the consecutive action of a number of previously uncharacterized enzymes, including a D-arabinose dehydrogenase, a D-arabinonate dehydratase, a novel 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate dehydratase, and a 2,5-dioxopentanoate dehydrogenase. Promoter analysis of these genes revealed a palindromic sequence upstream of the TATA box, which is likely to be involved in their concerted transcriptional control. Integration of the obtained biochemical data with genomic context analysis strongly suggests the occurrence of pentose oxidation pathways in both Archaea and Bacteria, and predicts the involvement of additional enzyme components. Moreover, it revealed striking genetic similarities between the catabolic pathways for pentoses, hexaric acids, and hydroxyproline degradation, which support the theory of metabolic pathway genesis by enzyme recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan J J Brouns
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Samland AK, Sprenger GA. Microbial aldolases as C-C bonding enzymes--unknown treasures and new developments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 71:253-64. [PMID: 16614860 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aldolases are a specific group of lyases that catalyze the reversible stereoselective addition of a donor compound (nucleophile) onto an acceptor compound (electrophile). Whereas most aldolases are specific for their donor compound in the aldolization reaction, they often tolerate a wide range of aldehydes as acceptor compounds. C-C bonding by aldolases creates stereocenters in the resulting aldol products. This makes aldolases interesting tools for asymmetric syntheses of rare sugars or sugar-derived compounds as iminocyclitols, statins, epothilones, and sialic acids. Besides the well-known fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, other aldolases of microbial origin have attracted the interest of synthetic bio-organic chemists in recent years. These are either other dihydroxyacetone phosphate aldolases or aldolases depending on pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate, glycine, or acetaldehyde as donor substrate. Recently, an aldolase that accepts dihydroxyacetone or hydroxyacetone as a donor was described. A further enlargement of the arsenal of available chemoenzymatic tools can be achieved through screening for novel aldolase activities and directed evolution of existing aldolases to alter their substrate- or stereospecifities. We give an update of work on aldolases, with an emphasis on microbial aldolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Samland
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Germany
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Concise synthesis of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KDO) as a protected form based on a new transformation of α,β-unsaturated ester to α-oxocarboxylic acid ester via diol cyclic sulfite. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Hekking KF, van Delft FL, Rutjes FP. Ring-closing metathesis of α-ester-substituted enol ethers: application to the shortest synthesis of KDO. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Barco A, Bassetti L, Benetti S, Bertolasi V, De Risi C, Marchetti P, Pollini GP. 4-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)-2-butanone as a convenient precursor for a new formal synthesis of KDO. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fessner WD, Helaine V. Biocatalytic synthesis of hydroxylated natural products using aldolases and related enzymes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2001; 12:574-86. [PMID: 11849940 DOI: 10.1016/s0958-1669(01)00265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic building blocks bearing hydroxylated chiral centers are important targets for biocatalysis. Many C-C bond forming enzymes have recently been investigated for new applications and new strategies towards the synthesis of natural products and related oxygenated compounds. Several old catalysts have been studied to increase our functional knowledge of natural aldolase-type enzymes, and new mutated catalysts or catalytic antibodies have been tested for their synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Fessner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Darmstadt University of Technology, Petersenstrasse 22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Crestia D, Guérard C, Veschambre H, Hecquet L, Demuynck C, Bolte J. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of chiral substituted acrylate and acrylonitrile precursors for the synthesis of 3-deoxy-2-ulosonic acids and α-methylene-γ-lactones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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