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Cappucci U, Proietti M, Casale AM, Schiavo S, Chiavarini S, Accardo S, Manzo S, Piacentini L. Assessing genotoxic effects of plastic leachates in Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142440. [PMID: 38821133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Plastic polymers were largely added with chemical substances to be utilized in the items and product manufacturing. The leachability of these substances is a matter of concern given the wide amount of plastic waste, particularly in terrestrial environments, where soil represents a sink for these novel contaminants and a possible pathway of human health risk. In this study, we integrated genetic, molecular, and behavioral approaches to comparatively evaluate toxicological effects of plastic leachates, virgin and oxodegradable polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), in Drosophila melanogaster, a novel in vivo model organism for environmental monitoring studies and (eco)toxicological research. The results of this study revealed that while conventional toxicological endpoints such as developmental times and longevity remain largely unaffected, exposure to plastic leachates induces chromosomal abnormalities and transposable element (TE) activation in neural tissues. The combined effects of DNA damage and TE mobilization contribute to genome instability and increase the likelihood of LOH events, thus potentiating tumor growth and metastatic behavior ofRasV12 clones. Collectively, these findings indicate that plastic leachates exert genotoxic effects in Drosophila thus highlighting potential risks associated with leachate-related plastic pollution and their implications for ecosystems and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Cappucci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirena Proietti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Assunta Maria Casale
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Schiavo
- ENEA, Department for Sustainability, Division Protection and Enhancement of the Natural Capital, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Na, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chiavarini
- ENEA, Department for Sustainability, Division Protection and Enhancement of the Natural Capital, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Na, Italy
| | - Sara Accardo
- ENEA, Department for Sustainability, Division Protection and Enhancement of the Natural Capital, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Na, Italy
| | - Sonia Manzo
- ENEA, Department for Sustainability, Division Protection and Enhancement of the Natural Capital, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Na, Italy.
| | - Lucia Piacentini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Kalinina A, Tilova L, Kirsanov K, Lesovaya E, Zhidkova E, Fetisov T, Ilyinskaya G, Yakubovskaya M, Kazansky D, Khromykh L. Secreted cyclophilin A is non-genotoxic but acts as a tumor promoter. Toxicology 2023; 500:153675. [PMID: 37993081 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with malignant transformation and creates the microenvironment for tumor progression. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is one of the major pro-inflammatory mediators that accumulates and persists in the site of inflammation in high doses over time. According to multiomics analyses of transformed cells, CypA is widely recognized as a pro-oncogenic factor. Vast experimental data define the functions of intracellular CypA in carcinogenesis, but findings on the role of its secreted form in tumor formation and progression are scarce. In the studies here, we exploit short-term in vitro and in vivo tests to directly evaluate the mutagenic, recombinogenic, and blastomogenic effects, as well as the promoter activity of recombinant human CypA (rhCypA), an analogue of secreted CypA. Our findings showed that rhCypA had no genotoxicity and, thus, was neither involved in nor influenced the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. At high doses, rhCypA could disrupt gap junctions in rat liver epithelial IAR-2 cells in vitro by decreasing the expression of connexins 26 and 43 in these cells and inhibit A549 cell adhesion. These data suggested that rhCypA could contribute to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in malignant cells. The research presented here elucidated the role of secreted CypA in carcinogenesis, revealing that it is not a tumor initiator but can act as a tumor promoter at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kalinina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leila Tilova
- Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, 173, Chernyshevsky st., 360004 Nalchik, Russia
| | - Kirill Kirsanov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lesovaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia; Department of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, 9, Vysokovoltnaya st., 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zhidkova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fetisov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Ilyinskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianna Yakubovskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kazansky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila Khromykh
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 24, Kashirskoe sh., 115478 Moscow, Russia.
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Kirsanov K, Fetisov T, Antoshina E, Trukhanova L, Gor'kova T, Vlasova O, Khitrovo I, Lesovaya E, Kulbachevskaya N, Shcherbakova T, Belitsky G, Yakubovskaya M, Švedas V, Nilov D. Toxicological Properties of 7-Methylguanine, and Preliminary Data on its Anticancer Activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842316. [PMID: 35873588 PMCID: PMC9299380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
7-Methylguanine (7-MG) competitively inhibits the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and RNA-modifying enzyme tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT) and represents a potential anticancer drug candidate. Furthermore, as a natural compound, it could escape the serious side effects characteristic for approved synthetic PARP inhibitors. Here we present a comprehensive study of toxicological and carcinogenic properties of 7-MG. It was demonstrated that 7-MG does not induce mutations or structural chromosomal abnormalities, and has no blastomogenic activity. A treatment regimen with 7-MG has been established in mice (50 mg/kg per os, 3 times per week), exerting no adverse effects or changes in morphology. Preliminary data on the 7-MG anticancer activity obtained on transplantable tumor models support our conclusions that 7-MG can become a promising new component of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kirsanov
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina Lesovaya
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.,Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana Shcherbakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Vytas Švedas
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Nilov
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Vitamin B6 Deficiency Promotes Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) at the Drosophila warts (wts) Locus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116087. [PMID: 35682766 PMCID: PMC9181336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), is a cofactor for more than 200 enzymes involved in many metabolic pathways. Moreover, PLP has antioxidant properties and quenches the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accordingly, PLP deficiency causes chromosome aberrations in Drosophila, yeast, and human cells. In this work, we investigated whether PLP depletion can also cause loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the tumor suppressor warts (wts) in Drosophila. LOH is usually initiated by DNA breakage in heterozygous cells for a tumor suppressor mutation and can contribute to oncogenesis inducing the loss of the wild-type allele. LOH at the wts locus results in epithelial wts homozygous tumors easily detectable on adult fly cuticle. Here, we found that PLP depletion, induced by two PLP inhibitors, promotes LOH of wts locus producing significant frequencies of wts tumors (~7% vs. 2.3%). In addition, we identified the mitotic recombination as a possible mechanism through which PLP deficiency induces LOH. Moreover, LOH of wts locus, induced by PLP inhibitors, was rescued by PLP supplementation. These data further confirm the role of PLP in genome integrity maintenance and indicate that vitamin B6 deficiency may impact on cancer also by promoting LOH.
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Oliveira VC, Constante SAR, Polloni L, Orsolin PC, Silva-Oliveira RG, Machado NM, de Oliveira-Júnior RJ, Nepomuceno JC. Protective effect of aspirin against mitomycin C-induced carcinogenicity, assessed by the test for detection of epithelial tumor clones (warts) in Drosophila melanogaster. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:330-337. [PMID: 29281929 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1415926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the protective effect of aspirin against carcinogenicity induced by mitomycin C (MMC) by the test for detection of warts/epithelial tumor clones in Drosophila melanogaster. Larvae were treated with different concentrations of aspirin alone (10, 20 or 40 mg/mL) or aspirin in association with MMC. MMC and ultrapure water were employed as the positive and negative control, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method. For performing cytotoxicity assay on HeLa cells, the aspirin concentrations used ranged from 200 mmol/L to 3,125 mmol/L. For assessment of apoptosis and necrosis, cells were incubated for 24 h with complete medium in the absence (control group) or presence of aspirin (12.5 mmol/L and 25 mmol/L). The results obtained in the assessment of the possible carcinogenic effects of aspirin at the three concentrations tested indicate no statistically significant increase in tumor frequency compared to the negative control. The anticarcinogenic activity assessment, where the larvae of D. melanogaster were previously induced to tumor formation by MMC and later treated with aspirin, showed a statistically significant reduction in the number of tumors compared to the positive control. Antioxidant activity across the three aspirin concentrations (10, 20 or 40 mg/mL) ranged from 20.81% to 26.5%. It was observed that aspirin reduced growth viability of HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner in comparison with the control. These results indicate that aspirin did not induce tumors in Drosophila and reduced MMC-induced carcinogenicity. The antioxidant activity and apoptosis induction appear to be the main mechanisms involved in reducing the frequency of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Constante Oliveira
- a Genetics and Biochemistry Institute , Federal University of Uberlandia , Uberlandia , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis , University Center of Patos de Minas , Patos de Minas , Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Polloni
- c Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics , Genetics and Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlandia , Brazil
| | - Priscila Capelari Orsolin
- b Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis , University Center of Patos de Minas , Patos de Minas , Brazil
| | | | - Nayane Moreira Machado
- b Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis , University Center of Patos de Minas , Patos de Minas , Brazil
| | - Robson José de Oliveira-Júnior
- c Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics , Genetics and Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlandia , Brazil
| | - Júlio César Nepomuceno
- a Genetics and Biochemistry Institute , Federal University of Uberlandia , Uberlandia , Brazil.,b Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis , University Center of Patos de Minas , Patos de Minas , Brazil
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de Morais CR, Bonetti AM, Carvalho SM, de Rezende AAA, Araujo GR, Spanó MA. Assessment of the mutagenic, recombinogenic and carcinogenic potential of fipronil insecticide in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:342-351. [PMID: 27664524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil (FP) is an insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole chemical family and is used to control pests by blocking GABA receptor at the entrance channel of the chlorine neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic, recombinogenic and carcinogenic potential of FP. The mutagenic and recombinogenic effects were evaluated using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) on wing cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Third instar larvae from standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses were treated with different concentrations of FP (0.3, 0.7, 1.5 or 3.0 × 10-5 mM). The results showed mutagenic effects at all concentrations tested in the HB cross; and all concentrations tested in the ST cross, except at concentration of 0.7 × 10-5 mM. The carcinogenic effect of FP was assayed through the test for detection of epithelial tumor (warts) in D. melanogaster. Third instar larvae from wts/TM3 virgin females mated to mwh/mwh males were treated with different concentrations of FP (0.3, 0.7, 1.5 or 3.0 × 10-5 mM). All these concentrations induced a statistically significant increase in tumor frequency. In conclusion, FP proved to be mutagenic, recombinogenic and carcinogenic in somatic cells of D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Resende de Morais
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bonetti
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stephan Malfitano Carvalho
- Departament of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, 37.200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Azenha Alves de Rezende
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Galber Rodrigues Araujo
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Antônio Spanó
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Machado NM, de Rezende AAA, Nepomuceno JC, Tavares DC, Cunha WR, Spanó MA. Evaluation of mutagenic, recombinogenic and carcinogenic potential of (+)-usnic acid in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:226-33. [PMID: 27497765 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The main of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of (+) - usnic acid (UA), using Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and the test for detecting epithelial tumor clones (wts) in Drosophila melanogaster. Larvae from 72 ± 4 h from Drosophila were fed with UA (5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 mM); urethane (10.0 mM) (positive control); and solvent (Milli-Q water, 1% Tween-80 and 3% ethanol) (negative control). ST cross produced increase in total mutant spots in the individuals treated with 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 mM of UA. HB cross produced spot frequencies in the concentration of 5.0 mM that were higher than the frequency for the same concentration in the ST cross. In the highest concentrations the result was negative, which means that the difference observed can be attributed, in part, to the high levels of P450, suggesting that increasing the metabolic capacity maximized the toxic effect of these doses. In the evaluation of carcinogenesis using the wts test, the results obtained for the same concentrations of UA show a positive result for the presence of tumors when compared to the negative control. We conclude that UA has recombinogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on somatic cells in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayane Moreira Machado
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio César Nepomuceno
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas, Laboratório de Citogenética e Mutagênese, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mário Antônio Spanó
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Sişman T. The protective effect of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate against the adverse effects of Aflatoxin B1 on D. melanogaster. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 22:173-9. [PMID: 16786839 DOI: 10.1191/0748233706th254oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and Aflatoxin B1-hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) on various developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster. Different concentrations of AFB1and HSCAS-AFB1were administered during the developmental periods of the fly (egg, larvae and pupae). When the F1progeny of control and application groups were compared, AFB1was found to extend the process of metamorphosis and decrease the total number of offspring. However, these negative effects were inhibited with HSCAS treatment at different concentrations (5.0 and 10.0 ppm). These results suggest that HSCAS could effectively inhibit AFB1-induced abnormalities in the developmental stages of D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgay Sişman
- Department of Biology, Science and Art Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Sidorov R, Kucerova L, Kiss I, Zurovec M. Mutation in the Drosophila melanogaster adenosine receptor gene selectively decreases the mosaic hyperplastic epithelial outgrowth rates in wts or dco heterozygous flies. Purinergic Signal 2014; 11:95-105. [PMID: 25528157 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine (Ado) is a ubiquitous metabolite that plays a prominent role as a paracrine homeostatic signal of metabolic imbalance within tissues. It quickly responds to various stress stimuli by adjusting energy metabolism and influencing cell growth and survival. Ado is also released by dead or dying cells and is present at significant concentrations in solid tumors. Ado signaling is mediated by Ado receptors (AdoR) and proteins modulating its concentration, including nucleoside transporters and Ado deaminases. We examined the impact of genetic manipulations of three Drosophila genes involved in Ado signaling on the incidence of somatic mosaic clones formed by the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of tumor suppressor and marker genes. We show here that genetic manipulations with the AdoR, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (Ent2), and Ado deaminase growth factor-A (Adgf-A) cause dramatic changes in the frequency of hyperplastic outgrowth clones formed by LOH of the warts (wts) tumor suppressor, while they have almost no effect on control yellow (y) clones. In addition, the effect of AdoR is dose-sensitive and its overexpression leads to the increase in wts hyperplastic epithelial outgrowth rates. Consistently, the frequency of mosaic hyperplastic outgrowth clones generated by the LOH of another tumor suppressor, discs overgrown (dco), belonging to the wts signaling pathway is also dependent on AdoR. Our results provide interesting insight into the maintenance of tissue homeostasis at a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sidorov
- Biology centre AS CR, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Orsolin PC, Silva-Oliveira RG, Nepomuceno JC. Assessment of the mutagenic, recombinagenic and carcinogenic potential of orlistat in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2598-604. [PMID: 22621838 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study the mutagenic, recombinagenic, carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic potential of orlistat was assessed using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and the epithelial tumor detection test (wts). The experiments were conducted on Drosophila melanogaster. In the assessment using SMART, larvae, descendants from the standard (ST) cross and the high bioactivation (HB) cross, were treated chronically with three orlistat concentrations. The results revealed a recombinagenic effect, associated with orlistat, in the descendants of the HB cross, at all three levels of concentration. Homologous recombination can function as a determinant at different stages of carcinogenesis. For verification, larvae from the wts test, descendants of the wts/TM3 virgin female and mwh/mwh male cross, were treated with the same three orlistat concentrations separately and in association with mitomicin C (0.1mM). The results did not, however, provide evidence that orlistat has carcinogenic potential nor was it associated with the reduction of tumors induced by mitomicin C in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Orsolin
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Kirsanov KI, Lesovaya EA, Sidorov RA, Belitsky GA, Yakubovskaya MG. Analysis of blastomogenic activity of mammal carcinogens in Drosophila using the wts P4 allele and RNA interference-induced P53 silencing. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Costa W, Oliveira A, Nepomuceno J. Lapachol as an epithelial tumor inhibitor agent in Drosophila melanogaster heterozygote for tumor suppressor gene wts. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:3236-45. [DOI: 10.4238/2011.december.22.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Smijs TGM, Nivard MJM, Schuitmaker HJ. Development of a Test System for Mutagenicity of Photosensitizers Using Drosophila melanogaster¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Smijs TGM, Nivard MJM, Schuitmaker HJ. Development of a Test System for Mutagenicity of Photosensitizers Using Drosophila melanogaster¶. Photochem Photobiol 2004; 79:332-8. [PMID: 15137509 DOI: 10.1562/2003-12-03-ra.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been an increase in the application of photosensitizers for medical purposes. A good standardized test system for the evaluation of the mutagenic potentials of photosensitizers is therefore an indispensable device. In the standard Ames test, white light itself was proven to be mutagenic and the result influenced by the light source. Lack of a reliable positive control is another problem in many genotoxicity test systems used for the evaluation of mutagenicity of photosensitizers. Based on the validated somatic mutation and recombination test, known as SMART, and using Drosophila melanogaster, we developed the Photo-SMART and demonstrated that methylene blue, known to induce photomutagenicity, can act as a positive control in the presented test system. The SMART scores for the loss of heterozygosity caused predominantly by homologous mitotic recombination. The Photo-SMART can be used to detect photogenotoxicity caused by short-lived photoproducts or by stable photoproducts or both. We demonstrated the Photo-SMART to be a good standardized test system for the evaluation of mutagenic potentials of the photosensitizer 5,10,15-tris(4-methylpyridinium)-20-phenyl-[21H,23H]-porphine trichloride (TPP). We demonstrated that TPP was mutagenic using the Photo-SMART. For hematoporphyrin, the results of the Photo-SMART indicate the absence of mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Threes G M Smijs
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Sylvius Laboratory, Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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