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Goula A, Chatzis A, Stamouli MA, Kelesi M, Kaba E, Brilakis E. Assessment of Health Professionals' Attitudes on Radiation Protection Measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413380. [PMID: 34948989 PMCID: PMC8708066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Health professionals' knowledge, beliefs and perceptions concerning radiation protection may affect their behaviour during surgery and consequently influence the quality of health services. This study highlights the health professionals' average knowledge level and captures the beliefs, perceptions, and behaviours in a large public Greek hospital. (2) Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, including health professionals working in operating rooms. One hundred thirty-two staff members participated by responding to an original questionnaire. The sample consisted of nurses, radiographers and medical doctors of various specialties involved daily in surgical procedures where ionizing radiation is required. The survey was conducted from March to June 2021, and the response rate was 97%. (3) Results: The level of overall knowledge of health professionals regarding radiation protection safety was not satisfactory. Females and employees with a lower level of education had more misconceptions about radiation and radiation protection. Employees of younger ages and with less previous experience were more likely to have negative emotions towards radiation exposure. Finally, employees with fewer children tended to express physical complaints caused by their negative emotions due to radiation exposure. (4) Conclusions: Health professionals' lack of basic and specialized knowledge concerning radiation protection safety had a negative impact on the provision of health services. The continuing training of the staff seemed to be the only solution to reverse this trend. The training should highlight how radiation exposure can be minimized, safeguarding health professionals' trust and sense of security by significantly improving their working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Goula
- Master of Health and Social Care Management, Department of Business Administration, School of Administrative, Economics and Social Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (M.-A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Athanasios Chatzis
- Master of Health and Social Care Management, Department of Business Administration, School of Administrative, Economics and Social Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (M.-A.S.)
| | - Maria-Aggeliki Stamouli
- Master of Health and Social Care Management, Department of Business Administration, School of Administrative, Economics and Social Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (M.-A.S.)
| | - Martha Kelesi
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Evridiki Kaba
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (E.K.)
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Moghimi P, Hajimiri K, Saghatchi F, Rezaeejam H. ASSESSMENT OF THE AWARENESS LEVEL OF RADIATION PROTECTION AMONG RADIOGRAPHERS WORKING IN THE MEDICAL IMAGING WARDS OF THE HOSPITALS IN ZANJAN, IRAN. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 194:97-103. [PMID: 34128525 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray usage in medical diagnosis could have hurtful effects for both patient and medical imaging wards' personnel as a result of failure to follow radiation protection (RP) principles (shielding, distance and time) by radiographers. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out by valid and reliable online questionnaire, which was completed by 103 radiographers. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency) and analytical statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient test, Student's independent t-test and analysis of variance test) in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 (sig: P < 0.05). The study's response rate was 67.32%. The mean scores of participants' total, RP and device knowledge were 42.76, 42.86 and 42.72 out of 100, respectively. Work experience and age of participants were significantly related to device and total knowledge (P < 0.01). Results revealed an undesirable level of participants' awareness, indicating the necessity of holding training courses, especially for less experienced radiographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Moghimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Hajimiri
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Franak Saghatchi
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamed Rezaeejam
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Shahmoradi Ghahe S, Kosicki K, Wojewódzka M, Majchrzak BA, Fogtman A, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Ciuba A, Koblowska M, Kruszewski M, Tudek B, Speina E. Increased DNA repair capacity augments resistance of glioblastoma cells to photodynamic therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 104:103136. [PMID: 34044336 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer therapy of low invasiveness. The therapeutic procedure involves administering a photosensitizing drug (PS), which is then activated with monochromatic light of a specific wavelength. The photochemical reaction produces highly toxic oxygen species. The development of resistance to PDT in some cancer cells is its main limitation. Several mechanisms are known to be involved in the development of cellular defense against cytotoxic effects of PDT, including activation of antioxidant enzymes, drug efflux pumps, degradation of PS, and overexpression of protein chaperons. Another putative factor that plays an important role in the development of resistance of cancer cells to PDT seems to be DNA repair; however, it has not been well studied so far. To explore the role of DNA repair and other potential novel mechanisms associated with the resistance to PDT in the glioblastoma cells, cells stably resistant to PDT were isolated from PDT sensitive cells following repetitive PDT cycles. Duly characterization of isolated PDT-resistant glioblastoma revealed that the resistance to PDT might be a consequence of several mechanisms, including higher repair efficiency of oxidative DNA damage and repair of DNA breaks. Higher activity of APE1 endonuclease and increased expression and activation of DNA damage kinase ATM was demonstrated in the U-87 MGR cell line, suggesting and proving that they are good targets for sensitization of resistant cells to PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shahmoradi Ghahe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Kosicki
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Wojewódzka
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz A Majchrzak
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Ciuba
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Tudek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Speina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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The impact of comet assay data normalization in human biomonitoring studies outcomes. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Silva-Júnior FMRD, Tavella RA, Fernandes CLF, Mortola AS, Peraza GG, Garcia EM. Genotoxic risk in health-care professionals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:356-370. [PMID: 32539670 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720932081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential influence of occupational ionizing radiation (IR) exposure on health professionals, assessing DNA damage using the comet and micronucleus (MN) assays and analyzing relative risks, correlations, and associated factors between outcomes and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Blood and buccal samples were collected from 36 workers, who actively participated in an imaging sector of a hospital, who were either exposed to IR directly or indirectly (9 internal control and 27 exposed), and 27 individuals living in the same city but with no occupational exposure (external control, unexposed/healthy). All radiation dosages performed on the 36 workers were less than 20 mSv/y, not exceeding the effective dose limit for occupational exposure. A questionnaire identified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with the outcomes. The results of the MN assay showed a significant difference between both internal control and the exposed group when compared to the external control. For the comet assay, there were significant differences between the percent of tail DNA of the exposed group and external controls, but no difference was found between the exposed group and internal controls. Relative risk associations were found in time of exposure, hours worked per week, and perceived stress. Correlations were found between the outcomes and age, consumption of alcohol, and frequencies of X-rays during life. Variables that showed to be significant in the adjusted analysis were skin color and recent exposure to radiation. Albeit limited, the findings of this study suggest genotoxicity in both blood and buccal mucosa cells of workers exposed directly or indirectly to IR and that lifestyle and socioeconomic factors are associated and correlated with the risk of developing these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Adler Tavella
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gianni Goulart Peraza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
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6
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Silva-Júnior FMRD, Tavella RA, Fernandes CLF, Mortola AS, Peraza GG, Garcia EM. Genotoxic risk in health-care professionals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. Toxicol Ind Health 2020. [DOI: org/10.1177/0748233720932081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential influence of occupational ionizing radiation (IR) exposure on health professionals, assessing DNA damage using the comet and micronucleus (MN) assays and analyzing relative risks, correlations, and associated factors between outcomes and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Blood and buccal samples were collected from 36 workers, who actively participated in an imaging sector of a hospital, who were either exposed to IR directly or indirectly (9 internal control and 27 exposed), and 27 individuals living in the same city but with no occupational exposure (external control, unexposed/healthy). All radiation dosages performed on the 36 workers were less than 20 mSv/y, not exceeding the effective dose limit for occupational exposure. A questionnaire identified socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with the outcomes. The results of the MN assay showed a significant difference between both internal control and the exposed group when compared to the external control. For the comet assay, there were significant differences between the percent of tail DNA of the exposed group and external controls, but no difference was found between the exposed group and internal controls. Relative risk associations were found in time of exposure, hours worked per week, and perceived stress. Correlations were found between the outcomes and age, consumption of alcohol, and frequencies of X-rays during life. Variables that showed to be significant in the adjusted analysis were skin color and recent exposure to radiation. Albeit limited, the findings of this study suggest genotoxicity in both blood and buccal mucosa cells of workers exposed directly or indirectly to IR and that lifestyle and socioeconomic factors are associated and correlated with the risk of developing these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Adler Tavella
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande – RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gianni Goulart Peraza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande – RS, Brazil
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7
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Živković Semren T, Tariba Lovaković B, Oreščanin V, Pizent A. Application of the comet assay for the evaluation of DNA damage from frozen human whole blood samples: Implications for human biomonitoring. Toxicol Lett 2019; 319:58-65. [PMID: 31730884 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study proposes the application of the comet assay for the evaluation of DNA damage from frozen human whole blood samples that could be readily used in human biomonitoring and epidemiological studies. It was done on simply frozen whole blood samples collected from male volunteers (N = 60) aliquoted in small volumes and stored at -80 °C without the addition of cryopreservatives for a period of 5 years. To test the applicability of the alkaline comet assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in frozen whole blood, samples were quickly thawed at 37 °C and immediately embedded in an agarose matrix followed by an alkaline comet assay procedure. We concluded that the whole blood freezing and prolonged storage do not severely affect comet assay values, although background values were higher compared to our historical control data from the fresh whole blood. Even the influence of the variables tested, such as age, body mass index, smoking habit and alcohol consumption were in agreement with our previous data using fresh blood. The obtained results suggest that the comet assay could be applied to frozen blood samples, if properly stored, even for decades, which would certainly facilitate large-scale human biomonitoring and long-term epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tanja Živković Semren
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Alica Pizent
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Zainudin H, Caszo BA, Knight VF, Gnanou JV. Training Induced Oxidative Stress-Derived DNA and Muscle Damage in Triathletes. Eurasian J Med 2019; 51:116-120. [PMID: 31258349 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2019.18106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Regular moderate-intensity exercise has beneficial health effects, whereas regular strenuous exercise increases the production of oxidants that may lead to DNA, skeletal, and cardiac muscle damages. Triathletes experience strenuous muscular activity both during competition and training, being at risk of developing these tissue damages. The objective of the present study was to estimate DNA, skeletal, and cardiac muscle damages using blood biomarkers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), myoglobin, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) among young triathletes. Materials and Methods Age-matched seven male and seven female triathletes were recruited for the study. They were on a standardized training regimen and on average competed in at least one endurance event every month for the past 3-4 years. Serum biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the start and at end of the racing season. Results Both male and female triathletes showed a statistically significant increase in 8-OHdG. A similar pattern of increase was seen with serum myoglobin, which was not statistically significant in both male and female triathletes. cTnI levels did not show any change in both sexes. Conclusion Our study shows that there could be an increased evidence of DNA damage among triathletes. However, similar effects were not observed with skeletal and cardiac muscle biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimi Zainudin
- Centre for Research and Innovation Management, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brinnell A Caszo
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor F Knight
- School of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Justin V Gnanou
- School of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Czajka M, Sawicki K, Matysiak-Kucharek M, Gabelova A, Sramkova M, Bartyzel-Lechforowicz H, Kruszewski M. Assessment of DNA damage in Polish children environmentally exposed to pesticides. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 843:52-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Cheng L, Brzozowska B, Sollazzo A, Lundholm L, Lisowska H, Haghdoost S, Wojcik A. Simultaneous induction of dispersed and clustered DNA lesions compromises DNA damage response in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204068. [PMID: 30379881 PMCID: PMC6209146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its ability to induce DNA damage in a space and time controlled manner, ionising radiation is a unique tool for studying the mechanisms of DNA repair. The biological effectiveness of ionising radiation is related to the ionisation density which is defined by the linear energy transfer (LET). Alpha particles are characterised by high LET, while X-rays by low LET values. An interesting question is how cells react when exposed to a mixed beam of high and low LET radiation. In an earlier study carried out with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) we could demonstrate that alpha radiation X-rays interact in producing more chromosomal aberrations than expected based on additivity. The aim of the present investigation was to look at the mechanism of the interaction, especially with respect to the question if it is due to an augmented level of initial damage or impaired DNA repair. PBL were exposed to various doses of alpha particles, X-rays and mixed beams. DNA damage and the kinetics of damage repair was quantified by the alkaline comet assay. The levels of phosphorylated, key DNA damage response (DDR) proteins ATM, p53 and DNA-PK were measured by Western blotting and mRNA levels of 6 damage-responsive genes were measured by qPCR. Alpha particles and X-rays interact in inducing DNA damage above the level predicted by assuming additivity and that the repair of damage occurs with a delay. The activation levels of DDR proteins and mRNA levels of the studied genes were highest in cells exposed to mixed beams. The results substantiate the idea that exposure to mixed beams presents a challenge for the cellular DDR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beata Brzozowska
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Alice Sollazzo
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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11
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Mondal T, Nautiyal A, Patwari A, Ozukum A, Mitra D, Goel A, Dey SK. DNA double strand breaks, repair and apoptosis following 511 keV
γ
-rays exposure using 18 fluorine positron emitter: an
in-vitro
study. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aae5b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Dziendzikowska K, Gajewska M, Wilczak J, Mruk R, Oczkowski M, Żyła E, Królikowski T, Stachoń M, Øvrevik J, Myhre O, Kruszewski M, Wojewódzka M, Lankoff A, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. The effects of 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel exhaust exposure on hematological and biochemical blood indices of Fisher344 male rats - The FuelHealth project. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 63:34-47. [PMID: 30142495 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust emissions (DEE), being one of the main causes of ambient air pollution, exert a detrimental effect on human health and increase morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate potential adverse effects of exhausts emissions from B7 fuel, the first-generation biofuel containing 7% of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and SHB20 fuel, the second-generation biofuel containing 20% FAME/hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), after a whole-body exposure with and without diesel particle filter (DPF). The experiment was performed on 95 male Fischer 344 rats, divided into 10 groups (8 experimental, 2 control). Animals were exposed to DEE (diluted with charcoal-filtered room air to 2.1-2.2% (v/v)) for 7 or 28 days (6 h/day, 5 days/week) in an inhalation chamber. DEE originated from Euro 5 engine with or without DPF treatment, run on B7 or SHB20 fuel. Animals in the control groups were exposed to clean air. Our results showed that the majority of haematological and biochemical parameters examined in blood were at a similar level in the exposed and control animals. However, exposure to DEE from the SHB20 fuel caused an increase in the number of red blood cells (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration. Moreover, 7 days exposure to DEE from SHB20 fuel induced genotoxic effects manifested by increased levels of DNA single-strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, inhalation of both types of DEE induced oxidative stress and caused imbalance of anti-oxidant defence enzymes. In conclusion, exposure to DEE from B7, which was associated with higher exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, resulted in decreased number of T and NK lymphocytes, while DEE from SHB20 induced a higher level of DNA single-strand breaks, oxidative stress and increased red blood cells parameters. Additionally, DPF technology generated increased number of smaller PM and made the DEE more reactive and more harmful, manifested as deregulation of redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland.
| | - M Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - J Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - R Mruk
- Department of Production Organization and Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - M Oczkowski
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - E Żyła
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - T Królikowski
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - M Stachoń
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - J Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - O Myhre
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Division of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Wojewódzka
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Lankoff
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - J Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
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13
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Environmental exposure of humans to bromide in the Dead Sea area: Measurement of genotoxicy and apoptosis biomarkers. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 837:34-41. [PMID: 30595207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bromide (Br-) is a bromine atom with a negative charge which is released mainly in the production of pesticides and flame retardants. It is also found naturally in seawater. Br¯ has been associated with many detrimental effects such as respiratory problems, gastric hemorrhages, and dermal burns. The aim of the study was to monitor serum bromide in humans and to correlate its level with genotoxicity and apoptosis in human. The study utilized comet assay, to measure DNA damage in peripheral leukocytes (i.e. T%DNA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine fortilin level as an apoptosis marker, and spectrophotometry to measure serum Br¯ in two populations at the Dead Sea area, which are located close to and far from a local bromine factory: Ghor As-safi and Deir Alla, respectively. The biomarkers were compared with the correlating serum Br¯. A total of 397 individuals were involved in the study. The serum Br- and the genotoxicity biomarker were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Ghor As-safi than in Deir Alla. In contrast, serum fortilin did not differ significantly between the two regions (p > 0.05). T%DNA was significantly correlated (r = 0.867, p < 0.01) to serum Br¯. In conclusion, residing near a bromide source site is increasing the bromide body burden, and enhancing genotoxicity with no detectible apoptosis. Furthermore, the selected biomarkers could serve as tools to assess the toxicity of bromide as a consequence of environmental exposure.
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Arczewska KD, Stachurska A, Wojewódzka M, Karpińska K, Kruszewski M, Nilsen H, Czarnocka B. hMTH1 is required for maintaining migration and invasion potential of human thyroid cancer cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 69:53-62. [PMID: 30055508 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells, including thyroid cancer cells, suffer from oxidative stress damaging multiple cellular targets, such as DNA and the nucleotide pool. The human MutT homologue 1 (hMTH1) controls the oxidative DNA damage load by sanitizing the nucleotide pool from the oxidized DNA precursor, 8-oxodGTP. It has previously been shown that hMTH1 is essential for cancer cell proliferation and survival, therefore hMTH1 inhibition has been proposed as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. Here we show that thyroid cancer cells respond to siRNA mediated hMTH1 depletion with increased DNA damage load and moderately reduced proliferation rates, but without detectable apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest or senescence. Importantly, however, hMTH1 depletion significantly reduced migration and invasion potential of the thyroid cancer cells. Accordingly, our results allow us to propose that hMTH1 may be a therapeutic target in thyroid malignancy, especially for controlling metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Arczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Wojewódzka
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamila Karpińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Barbara Czarnocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
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15
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Kowalska M, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Brzoska K, Wojewodzka M, Meczynska-Wielgosz S, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Mruk R, Øvrevik J, Kruszewski M, Lankoff A. Genotoxic potential of diesel exhaust particles from the combustion of first- and second-generation biodiesel fuels-the FuelHealth project. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24223-24234. [PMID: 28889235 PMCID: PMC5655577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) from traffic emissions is associated with higher risk of morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, accelerated progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and possible lung cancer. While the impact of DEPs from combustion of fossil diesel fuel on human health has been extensively studied, current knowledge of DEPs from combustion of biofuels provides limited and inconsistent information about its mutagenicity and genotoxicity, as well as possible adverse health risks. The objective of the present work was to compare the genotoxicity of DEPs from combustion of two first-generation fuels, 7% fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) (B7) and 20% FAME (B20), and a second-generation 20% FAME/hydrotreated vegetable oil (SHB: synthetic hydrocarbon biofuel) fuel. Our results revealed that particulate engine emissions from each type of biodiesel fuel induced genotoxic effects in BEAS-2B and A549 cells, manifested as the increased levels of single-strand breaks, the increased frequencies of micronuclei, or the deregulated expression of genes involved in DNA damage signaling pathways. We also found that none of the tested DEPs showed the induction of oxidative DNA damage and the gamma-H2AX-detectable double-strand breaks. The most pronounced differences concerning the tested particles were observed for the induction of single-strand breaks, with the greatest genotoxicity being associated with the B7-derived DEPs. The differences in other effects between DEPs from the different biodiesel blend percentage and biodiesel feedstock were also observed, but the magnitude of these variations was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 15 Swietokrzyska Str, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aneta Wegierek-Ciuk
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 15 Swietokrzyska Str, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Kamil Brzoska
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Wojewodzka
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Meczynska-Wielgosz
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska Str, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Mruk
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska Str, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Domain of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 15 Swietokrzyska Str, 25-406, Kielce, Poland.
- Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Krzysiek M, Krajewska G, Stępień A, Krajewski P. Retrospective Biological Dosimetry at Low and High Doses of Radiation and Radioiodine Impact on Individual Susceptibility to Ionizing Radiation. Genome Integr 2017; 8:2. [PMID: 28250909 PMCID: PMC5320787 DOI: 10.4103/2041-9414.198906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine-131 (I-131) is often used in thyroid diagnostics and therapy. External and internal exposure to radioiodine can lead to molecular and cellular damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of low and high doses of I-131 on susceptibility to ionizing radiation. Study groups consisted of 30 individuals free of thyroid diseases, 41 patients exposed diagnostically to low doses of I-131, and 37 hyperthyroidism patients exposed therapeutically to high doses. The standardized DNA repair competence assay was used to test the efficacy of the fast DNA repair process in G0 cells. Cytogenetic preparations were made in fresh blood samples before and after challenging cells in vitro with X-ray dose. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and percentage of cells with significantly elevated numbers of SCE were used as cytogenetic biomarkers associated to homologous recombination and compared to reported earlier cytogenetic biomarkers of cancer risk. Strong individual variation in the biomarkers is observed in all investigated groups before and after challenging. Nevertheless, the efficiency of post challenging fast repair is significantly high in the patients exposed to diagnostic I-131 doses than in unexposed control group and linked to decreased cytogenetic damage. However, 5 weeks after administration of therapeutic doses, significant increases of unrepaired post challenging DNA and cytogenetic damages were observed indicating a health risk. Results also suggest that the appearance of cancers in immediate families might influence DNA repair differently in patients exposed to low than to high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Cebulska-Wasilewska
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Laboratory of Dosimetry of the Radioactive Iodine in the Thyroid, Warsaw, Poland
- Central Center for Radiation Emergency, 5 Military Hospital and Public Polyclinic, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Krzysiek
- Department of the Structure of Atomic Nucleus, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Krajewska
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Laboratory of Dosimetry of the Radioactive Iodine in the Thyroid, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Stępień
- Central Center for Radiation Emergency, 5 Military Hospital and Public Polyclinic, Krakow, Poland
- NZOZ MCD, VOXEL, PET-TK-MR Center, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Laboratory of Dosimetry of the Radioactive Iodine in the Thyroid, Warsaw, Poland
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Kumar PRV, Seshadri M, Jaikrishan G, Das B. Effect of chronic low dose natural radiation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Evaluation of DNA damage and repair using the alkaline comet assay. Mutat Res 2015; 775:59-65. [PMID: 25879710 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from inhabitants of Kerala in southwest India, exposed to chronic low dose natural radiation in vivo (>1 mSv year(-1)), respond with a radioadaptive response to a challenging dose of gamma radiation. Toward this goal, PBMCs isolated from 77 subjects from high-level natural radiation areas (HLNRA) and 37 subjects from a nearby normal level natural radiation area (NLNRA) were challenged with 2 Gy and 4 Gy gamma radiation. Subjects from HLNRA were classified based on the mean annual effective dose received, into low dose group (LDG) and high dose group (HDG) with mean annual effective doses of 2.69 mSv (N=43, range 1.07 mSv year(-1) to 5.55 mSv year(-1)) and 9.62 mSv (N = 34, range 6.07 mSv year(-1) to 17.41 mSv year(-1)), respectively. DNA strand breaks and repair kinetics (at 7 min, 15 min and 30 min after 4 Gy) were evaluated using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Initial levels of DNA strand breaks observed after either a 2 Gy or a 4 Gy challenging dose were significantly lower in subjects of the HDG from HLNRA compared to subjects of NLNRA (2 Gy, P = 0.01; 4 Gy, P = 0.02) and LDG (2 Gy P = 0.01; 4 Gy, P=0.05). Subjects of HDG from HLNRA showed enhanced rejoining of DNA strand breaks (HDG/NLNRA, P = 0.06) during the early stage of repair (within 7 min). However at later times a similar rate of rejoining of strand breaks was observed across the groups (HDG, LDG and NLNRA). Preliminary results from our study suggest in vivo chronic low-level natural radiation provides an initial exposure that allows an adaptation to a subsequent higher radiation exposure, perhaps through improving DNA repair via an unknown mechanism. Therefore, further investigations would be necessary in this population to understand the biological and health effects of chronic low-level natural radiation exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Vivek Kumar
- Low Level Radiation Research Laboratory, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, IRE Campus, Beach Road, Kollam 691 001, Kerala, India.
| | - M Seshadri
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - G Jaikrishan
- Low Level Radiation Research Laboratory, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, IRE Campus, Beach Road, Kollam 691 001, Kerala, India
| | - Birajalaxmi Das
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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18
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Dobrzyńska MM, Pachocki KA, Gajowik A, Radzikowska J, Sackiewicz A. The effect occupational exposure to ionizing radiation on the DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes of nuclear medicine personnel. J Occup Health 2014; 56:379-86. [PMID: 25168923 DOI: 10.1539/joh.13-0287-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was estimation of DNA strand breaks in leukocytes of peripheral blood of staff in a nuclear medicine department. METHODS The exposed group consisted of 46 volunteers and the control group consisted of 40 volunteers. Samples consisting of 1 ml whole blood were collected by venepuncture. DNA damage in leukocytes was detected by alkaline comet assay. RESULTS There was no correlation between the effective dose measured by individual dosimeters and DNA damage and no differences between sexes. The mean level of damage to DNA in people exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly elevated compared with control individuals. The highest value for mean comet tail moment was noted in leukocytes of PET/CT and scintigraphy technicians (1.28 vs. 0.30 for control, p=0.013). The levels of DNA damage in leukocytes of workers in category B (effective dose may exceed 1 mSv/year) were significantly enhanced. The DNA migration of leukocytes in exposed smokers and nonsmokers was similar. In the control group the damage to DNA of leukocytes in smokers was markedly but not significantly higher compared with nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation leads to enhanced levels of reversible DNA damage in leukocytes of nuclear medicine employees. The level of DNA damage depends on the kind of work. Cigarette smoking is related to the increase in DNA damage in unexposed individuals but not in nuclear medicine workers. Radiation seems to be a stronger inducer of DNA damage than smoking. Although most of the DNA damage detected by comet assay is repaired, further improvement of radiation safety should be taken under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata M Dobrzyńska
- Department of Radiation Hygiene and Radiobiology, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene
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19
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Jyoti S, Khan S, Naz F, Rahul, Ali F, Siddique YH. Assessment of DNA damage by panmasala, gutkha chewing and smoking in buccal epithelial cells using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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20
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Arabski M, Lisowska H, Lankoff A, Davydova VN, Drulis-Kawa Z, Augustyniak D, Yermak IM, Molinaro A, Kaca W. The properties of chitosan complexes with smooth and rough forms of lipopolysaccharides on CHO-K1 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:284-92. [PMID: 23911447 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The negative charge of LPS molecule and the presence of fatty acids in lipid A structure make it capable of binding with chitosan. In the presented work we analyzed the interactions of chitosan with LPS of Burkholderia cepacia or Proteus mirabilis and biological effects of these complexes on CHO-K1 cells. We observed that the presence of O-polysaccharide part of LPS (S1959), core region (R110) or lack of fatty acids in lipid A increased binding affinity of endotoxin with chitosan. However, lipid A of B. cepacia or P. mirabilis R45 might interact with CHO-K1 cells membrane alone or mediated by chitosan, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of two (B. cepacia) or one (P. mirabilis R45) Ara4N residues in lipid A part, promoted binding to cell membrane of CHO-K1 cells, alone or in the presence of chitosan, respectively. Chitosan reduced biological potencies of P. mirabilis lipid A R45 structure and this effect depended on the presence of O-PS. Lipid A of B. cepacia induced oxidative DNA damage in CHO-K1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Arabski
- Department of Microbiology, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
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Jacob KD, Hooten NN, Trzeciak AR, Evans MK. Markers of oxidant stress that are clinically relevant in aging and age-related disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:139-57. [PMID: 23428415 PMCID: PMC3664937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the long held hypothesis that oxidant stress results in accumulated oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules and subsequently to aging and age-related chronic disease, it has been difficult to consistently define and specifically identify markers of oxidant stress that are consistently and directly linked to age and disease status. Inflammation because it is also linked to oxidant stress, aging, and chronic disease also plays an important role in understanding the clinical implications of oxidant stress and relevant markers. Much attention has focused on identifying specific markers of oxidative stress and inflammation that could be measured in easily accessible tissues and fluids (lymphocytes, plasma, serum). The purpose of this review is to discuss markers of oxidant stress used in the field as biomarkers of aging and age-related diseases, highlighting differences observed by race when data is available. We highlight DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid oxidation as measures of oxidative stress, as well as other well-characterized markers of oxidative damage and inflammation and discuss their strengths and limitations. We present the current state of the literature reporting use of these markers in studies of human cohorts in relation to age and age-related disease and also with a special emphasis on differences observed by race when relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D. Jacob
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrzej R. Trzeciak
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Oreščanin V, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Cytogenetic status of healthy children assessed with the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Mutat Res 2012; 750:55-62. [PMID: 23123630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) assay were used to evaluate the baseline frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of 50 healthy children from the general population in Croatia (age, 11.62±1.81 years). Mean values of tail length, tail intensity and tail moment, as comet assay parameters, were 12.92±0.10, 0.73±0.06 and 0.08±0.01, respectively. The mean frequency of micronuclei (MN) for all subjects was 2.32±0.28 per 1000 bi-nucleated cells, while the mean frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was 1.72±0.24 and of nuclear buds (NBUDs) 1.44±0.19. The mean nuclear division index (NDI) was 1.70±0.05. When comet-assay parameters were considered, higher mean values for all three were found for the female population. According to the Mann-Whitney U test applied on the results of the comet assay, the only statistically significant difference between the male and female populations was found for tail length. Similar to the results obtained by the comet assay, girls showed higher mean values of all three measured parameters of the CBMN Cyt assay. This difference was statistically significant for total number of NPBs only. In the case of the NDI, a higher mean value was also obtained in girls, but this difference was not statistically significant. The results obtained present background data that could be considered as normal values for healthy children living in urban areas, and can later on serve as baseline values for further toxicological monitoring. Additionally, the usefulness of both techniques in measuring cytogenetic damage during bio-monitoring of children is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
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23
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Trzeciak AR, Mohanty JG, Jacob KD, Barnes J, Ejiogu N, Lohani A, Zonderman AB, Rifkind J, Evans MK. Oxidative damage to DNA and single strand break repair capacity: relationship to other measures of oxidative stress in a population cohort. Mutat Res 2012; 736:93-103. [PMID: 22273780 PMCID: PMC4037702 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well accepted that oxidative DNA repair capacity, oxidative damage to DNA and oxidative stress play central roles in aging and disease development. However, the correlation between oxidative damage to DNA, markers of oxidant stress and DNA repair capacity is unclear. In addition, there is no universally accepted panel of markers to assess oxidative stress in humans. Our interest is oxidative damage to DNA and its correlation with DNA repair capacity and other markers of oxidative stress. We present preliminary data from a small comet study that attempts to correlate single strand break (SSB) level with single strand break repair capacity (SSB-RC) and markers of oxidant stress and inflammation. In this limited study of four very small age-matched 24-individual groups of male and female whites and African-Americans aged 30-64 years, we found that females have higher single strand break (SSB) levels than males (p=0.013). There was a significant negative correlation between SSB-RC and SSB level (p=0.041). There was a positive correlation between SSBs in African American males with both heme degradation products (p=0.008) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (p=0.022). We found a significant interaction between hs-CRP and sex in their effect on residual DNA damage (p=0.002). Red blood cell reduced glutathione concentration was positively correlated with the levels of oxidized bases detected by endonuclease III (p=0.047), heme degradation products (p=0.015) and hs-CRP (p=0.020). However, plasma carbonyl levels showed no significant correlation with other markers. The data from the literature and from our very limited study suggest a complex relationship between measures of oxidative stress and frequently used clinical parameters believed to reflect inflammation or oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej R. Trzeciak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joy G. Mohanty
- Molecular Dynamics Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Jacob
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janice Barnes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ngozi Ejiogu
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Althaf Lohani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Rifkind
- Molecular Dynamics Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kumar PRV, Cheriyan VD, Seshadri M. Evaluation of Spontaneous DNA Damage in Lymphocytes of Healthy Adult Individuals from High-Level Natural Radiation Areas of Kerala in India. Radiat Res 2012; 177:643-50. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2681.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Lankoff A, Arabski M, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Kruszewski M, Lisowska H, Banasik-Nowak A, Rozga-Wijas K, Wojewodzka M, Slomkowski S. Effect of surface modification of silica nanoparticles on toxicity and cellular uptake by human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:235-50. [PMID: 22264124 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.649796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles have an interesting potential in drug delivery, gene therapy and molecular imaging due to the possibility of tailoring their surface reactivity that can be obtained by surface modification. Despite these potential benefits, there is concern that exposure of humans to certain types of silica nanomaterials may lead to significant adverse health effects. The motivation of this study was to determine the kinetics of cellular binding/uptake of the vinyl- and the aminopropyl/vinyl-modified silica nanoparticles into peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, to explore their genotoxic and cytotoxic properties and to compare the biological properties of modified silica nanoparticles with those of the unmodified ones. Size of nanoparticles determined by SEM varied from 10 to 50 nm. The average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential also varied from 176.7 nm (+18.16 mV) [aminopropyl/vinyl-modified] and 235.4 nm (-9.49 mV) [vinyl-modified] to 266.3 (-13.32 mV) [unmodified]. Surface-modified silica particles were internalized by lymphocytes with varying efficiency and expressed no cytotoxic nor genotoxic effects, as determined by various methods (cell viability, apoptosis/necrosis, oxidative DNA damage, chromosome aberrations). However, they affected the proliferation of the lymphocytes as indicated by a decrease in mitotic index value and cell cycle progression. In contrast, unmodified silica nanoparticles exhibited cytotoxic and genotoxic properties at high doses as well as interfered with cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lankoff
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
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Sakly A, Gaspar JF, Kerkeni E, Silva S, Teixeira JP, Chaari N, Ben Cheikh H. Genotoxic damage in hospital workers exposed to ionizing radiation and metabolic gene polymorphisms. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:934-946. [PMID: 22788378 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.690710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Of all workers exposed globally to synthetic sources of radiation, medical personnel represent the largest group, but receive relatively low doses. Accidental or therapeutic acute radiation exposure of humans was observed to induce various forms of cytogenetic damage, including the possibility of increasing the incidence of micronuclei (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CA). The aim of this study was to assess occupationally induced chromosomal damage in a large population of hospital workers exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR). The cytokinesis-block MN and comet assays were used to examine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 31 exposed workers to IR and 33 control subjects corresponding in gender, age, and smoking. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) are postulated to be involved in the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous genotoxicants. The association between these biomarkers and polymorphic genes of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes was thus also assessed. MN frequency was significantly higher in the exposed subjects compared controls. Comet assay results showed a significant increase of tail length in workers exposed to IR. Data obtained suggest that GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphism do not modify significantly the genotoxic potential of IR. Therefore, the exposed medical personnel need to carefully apply radiation protection procedures and minimize, as low as possible, IR exposure to avoid possible genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Sakly
- Laboratory of Genetics, University School of Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Singh S, Kumar V, Vashisht K, Singh P, Banerjee BD, Rautela RS, Grover SS, Rawat DS, Pasha ST, Jain SK, Rai A. Role of genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and PON1 in the modulation of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 257:84-92. [PMID: 21907728 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are primarily metabolized by several xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs). Very few studies have explored genetic polymorphisms of XMEs and their association with DNA damage in pesticide-exposed workers. The present study was designed to determine the role of genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and PON1 in the modulation of DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to OPs. We examined 284 subjects including 150 workers occupationally exposed to OPs and 134 normal healthy controls. The DNA damage was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay and genotyping was done using PCR-RFLP. The results revealed that the PONase activity toward paraoxonase and AChE activity was found significantly lowered in workers as compared to control subjects (p<0.001). Workers showed significantly higher DNA damage compared to control subjects (14.37±2.15 vs. 6.24±1.37 tail% DNA, p<0.001). Further, the workers with CYP2D6*3PM and PON1 (QQ and MM) genotypes were found to have significantly higher DNA damage when compared to other genotypes (p<0.05). In addition, significant increase in DNA damage was also observed in workers with concomitant presence of certain CYP2D6 and PON1 (Q192R and L55M) genotypes which need further extensive studies. In conclusion, the results indicate that the PON1 and CYP2D6 genotypes can modulate DNA damage elicited by some OPs possibly through gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyender Singh
- Division of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, National Centre for Disease Control 22, Sham Nath Marg, Delhi-110054, India
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Khuda-Bukhsh AR, Bhattacharyya SS, Paul S, Dutta S, Boujedaini N, Belon P. Modulation of Signal Proteins: A Plausible Mechanism to Explain How a Potentized Drug Secale Cor 30C Diluted beyond Avogadro's Limit Combats Skin Papilloma in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:286320. [PMID: 19617203 PMCID: PMC3136355 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In homeopathy, ability of ultra-high diluted drugs at or above potency 12C (diluted beyond Avogadro's limit) in ameliorating/curing various diseases is often questioned, particularly because the mechanism of action is not precisely known. We tested the hypothesis if suitable modulations of signal proteins could be one of the possible pathways of action of a highly diluted homeopathic drug, Secale cornutum 30C (diluted 10(60) times; Sec cor 30). It could successfully combat DMBA + croton oil-induced skin papilloma in mice as evidenced by histological, cytogenetical, immunofluorescence, ELISA and immunoblot findings. Critical analysis of several signal proteins like AhR, PCNA, Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, NF-κB and IL-6 and of pro-apoptotic proteins like cytochrome c, Bax, Bad, Apaf, caspase-3 and -9 revealed that Sec cor 30 suitably modulated their expression levels along with amelioration of skin papilloma. FACS data also suggested an increase of cell population at S and G2 phases and decrease in sub-G1 and G1 phages in carcinogen-treated drug-unfed mice, but these were found to be near normal in the Sec cor 30-fed mice. There was reduction in genotoxic and DNA damages in bone marrow cells of Sec Cor 30-fed mice, as revealed from cytogenetic and Comet assays. Changes in histological features of skin papilloma were noted. Immunofluorescence studies of AhR and PCNA also suggested reduced expression of these proteins in Sec cor 30-fed mice, thereby showing its anti-cancer potentials against skin papilloma. Furthermore, this study also supports the hypothesis that potentized homeopathic drugs act at gene regulatory level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumya Sundar Bhattacharyya
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Saili Paul
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Dutta
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
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Kumar G, Wood AW, Anderson V, McIntosh RL, Chen YY, Mckenzie RJ. Evaluation of hematopoietic system effects after in vitro radiofrequency radiation exposure in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.518212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Kumar G, Wood AW, Anderson V, McIntosh RL, Chen YY, Mckenzie RJ. Evaluation of hematopoietic system effects after in vitro radiofrequency radiation exposure in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:231-40. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.518212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Milkovic D, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Ranogajec-Komor M, Miljanic S, Gajski G, Knezevic Z, Beck N. Primary DNA damage assessed with the comet assay and comparison to the absorbed dose of diagnostic X-rays in children. Int J Toxicol 2010; 28:405-16. [PMID: 19815846 DOI: 10.1177/1091581809344775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to assess DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children prior to and following airway X-ray examinations of the chest using the alkaline comet assay and to compare data with the measured absorbed dose. Twenty children with pulmonary diseases, between the ages of 5 and 14 years, are assessed. Absorbed dose measurements are conducted for posterior-anterior projection on the forehead, thyroid gland, gonads, chest, and back. Doses are measured using thermoluminescent and radiophotoluminescent dosimetry systems. Differences between tail lengths, tail intensity, and tail moments as well as for the long-tailed nuclei before and after exposures are statistically significant and are dependent on the individual. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the comet assay as a measure of X-ray damage to lymphocytes in a clinical setting. Doses measured with both dosimeters show satisfactory agreement (0.01 mSv) and are suitable for dosimetric measurements in X-ray diagnostics.
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Antineoplastic Drugs as a Potential Risk Factor in Occupational Settings: Mechanisms of Action at the Cell Level, Genotoxic Effects, and Their Detection Using Different Biomarkers. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2010; 61:121-46. [DOI: 10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antineoplastični Lijekovi Kao Čimbenik Rizika u Radnom Okolišu: Mehanizmi Djelovanja na Razini Stanice i Pregled Metoda za Otkrivanje Njihovih Genotoksičnih UčinakaU članku je prikazana osnovna podjela antineoplastičnih lijekova prema mehanizmima djelovanja na razini stanice. Objašnjeni su mehanizmi genotoksičnosti najvažnijih vrsta lijekova koji se primjenjuju u okviru uobičajenih protokola za liječenje zloćudnih novotvorina. Navedena je važeća klasifikacija antineoplastika prema kancerogenom potencijalu, podaci o mutagenom potencijalu te je prikazana njihova podjela u skladu s anatomsko-terapijsko-kemijskim sustavom klasifikacije. Sustavno su prikazani najvažniji rezultati svjetskih i hrvatskih istraživanja na populacijama radnika izloženih antineoplasticima, provedenih u razdoblju 1980.-2009. s pomoću četiri najčešće primjenjivane metode: analize izmjena sestrinskih kromatida, analize kromosomskih aberacija, mikronukleus-testa i komet-testa. Objašnjena su osnovna načela navedenih metoda te raspravljene njihove prednosti i nedostaci. Biološki pokazatelji daju važne podatke o individualnoj osjetljivosti profesionalno izloženih ispitanika koji mogu poslužiti unaprjeđenju postojećih uvjeta rada i upravljanju rizicima pri izloženosti genotoksičnim agensima. Na osnovi prednosti i nedostataka citogenetičkih metoda zaključeno je da je mikronukleus-test, koji podjednako uspješno dokazuje klastogene i aneugene učinke, jedna od najboljih metoda dostupnih za otkrivanje štetnih djelovanja antineoplastičnih lijekova koji su u aktivnoj primjeni.
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Lee AJ, Hodges NJ, Chipman JK. Modified comet assay as a biomarker of sodium dichromate-induced oxidative DNA damage: Optimization and reproducibility. Biomarkers 2010; 9:103-15. [PMID: 15370870 DOI: 10.1080/13547500410001704891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) is a genotoxic carcinogen that has been associated with an increased risk of nasal and respiratory tract cancers following occupational exposure. Although the precise mechanism(s) remain to be elucidated, there is evidence for a role of oxidative DNA damage in the genotoxicity of Cr(VI). In the current study, human white blood cells were treated in vitro with non-cytotoxic concentrations of sodium dichromate (1-100 microM) for 1 h. Analysis by immunocytochemistry indicated the presence of elevated levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine at concentrations of sodium dichromate greater than 10 microM. In contrast, the lowest concentration of dichromate that resulted in a statistically significant increase in levels of formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG)-dependent DNA strand breaks was 100 nM (p<0.05). In addition, levels of both control and dichromate-induced FPG-dependent strand breaks from blood samples taken from the same individuals over 10 months proved remarkably reproducible in the individuals studied. The coefficients of variation over three different times of the year in control and dichromate-induced oxidative DNA damage for the four individuals were 54, 1, 37 and 4, and 45, 6, 21 and 18%, respectively. In summary, these results indicate that physiologically relevant, nanomolar concentrations of sodium dichromate cause DNA base oxidation in human white blood cells in vitro as assessed by the FPG-modified comet assay. Furthermore, comet assay data from an individual are reproducible over an extended period. This consistency is sufficient to suggest that the modified comet assay might prove to be a useful and sensitive biomonitoring tool for individuals occupationally exposed to hexavalent chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lee
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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Wojewódzka M, Gradzka I, Buraczewska I, Brzóska K, Sochanowicz B, Goncharova R, Kuzhir T, Szumiel I. Dihydropyridines decrease X-ray-induced DNA base damage in mammalian cells. Mutat Res 2009; 671:45-51. [PMID: 19737572 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Compounds with the structural motif of 1,4-dihydropyridine display a broad spectrum of biological activities, often defined as bioprotective. Among them are L-type calcium channel blockers, however, also derivatives which do not block calcium channels exert various effects at the cellular and organismal levels. We examined the effect of sodium 3,5-bis-ethoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-4-carboxylate (denoted here as DHP and previously also as AV-153) on X-ray-induced DNA damage and mutation frequency at the HGPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) locus in Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells. Using formamido-pyrimidine glycosylase (FPG) comet assay, we found that 1-h DHP (10nM) treatment before X-irradiation considerably reduced the initial level of FPG-recognized DNA base damage, which was consistent with decreased 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine content and mutation frequency lowered by about 40%. No effect on single strand break rejoining or on cell survival was observed. Similar base damage-protective effect was observed for two calcium channel blockers: nifedipine (structurally similar to DHP) or verapamil (structurally unrelated). So far, the specificity of the DHP-caused reduction in DNA damage - practically limited to base damage - has no satisfactory explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wojewódzka
- Center of Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warszawa, Poland.
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Hofer T, Karlsson HL, Möller L. DNA oxidative damage and strand breaks in young healthy individuals: A gender difference and the role of life style factors. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:707-14. [PMID: 16983997 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500525807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze background levels of DNA damage in young (19-31 years) non-smoking individuals and to correlate damage to gender and life style. DNA single strand breaks (SSB) and alkali labile sites (ALS) were measured in 99 subjects living in Stockholm, Sweden. Further, oxidative DNA damage was analyzed using the DNA repair glycosylase FPG as well as HPLC-ECD for specific analysis of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). We found that males had higher (P < 0.001) levels of SSB + ALS than females, but no difference was seen for oxidative lesions. There was no correlation between FPG sites and 8-oxodG. For females, there was a positive correlation between FPG levels and body mass index and a negative correlation between SSB + ALS and fruit intake. We conclude that the background level of oxidative DNA damage, analyzed with improved methods, is low and that gender, fruit intake and BMI can affect DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hofer
- Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
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Kopjar N, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Kašuba V, Rozgaj R, Ramić S, Pavlica V, Želježić D. Assessment of genotoxic risks in Croatian health care workers occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs: A multi-biomarker approach. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009; 212:414-31. [PMID: 19049854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Bhattacharyya SS, Paul S, Mandal SK, Banerjee A, Boujedaini N, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. A synthetic coumarin (4-Methyl-7 hydroxy coumarin) has anti-cancer potentials against DMBA-induced skin cancer in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 614:128-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kruszewski M, Iwaneńko T, Bartłomiejczyk T, Woliński J, Starzyński RR, Gralak MA, Zabielski R, Lipiński P. Hepatic iron content corresponds with the susceptibility of lymphocytes to oxidative stress in neonatal pigs. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 657:146-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Oreščanin V. Cytogenetic status and oxidative DNA-damage induced by atorvastatin in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: Standard and Fpg-modified comet assay. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 231:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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40
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Seo JY, Choi JW, Shim WJ, Kim GB. Field application of a method for measuring DNA damage in polychaete blood cells exposed to Masan Bay sediment extracts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:354-358. [PMID: 18078961 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Seo
- South Sea Research Institute, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Geoje, Republic of Korea
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Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Application of cytogenetic endpoints and comet assay on human lymphocytes treated with atorvastatin in vitro. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2008; 43:78-85. [PMID: 18161561 DOI: 10.1080/10934520701750066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the genotoxic potential of atorvastatin on human lymphocytes using comet assay, structural chromosome aberrations (CA) and sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis. Lymphocyte cultures were treated with a single drug at a concentration of 30.21 ng/mL. For comet assay, cells exposed to atorvastatin for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h were embedded in agarose slides, lysed with alkaline lysis solution and exposed to an electric field. DNA migrated within the agarose and formed comets whose length depends on the amount of DNA damage. For analysis of structural CA, cells were grown on medium for 48 h and for SCE analysis for 72 h. Structural CA did not induce significant damage to the genome, although a higher CA frequency was observed in cells treated with atorvastatin for 3 h, 20 h and 48 h than in control samples. Results of the SCE analysis did show statistically significant differences in the mean SCE number between atorvastatin-exposed and control human lymphocytes and between different exposure times. Comet assay also showed increased DNA damage caused in atorvastatin-exposed human lymphocytes than in corresponding control cells for exposure times of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h for the tail length and for 72 h for the tail moment. Results obtained in this study point to the significance of biological indicators providing information on the primary genome damage after long-term exposure, which can help to establish drug therapeutic concentrations that do not put patients with high blood cholesterol to a greater treatment-related risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Gajski G, Ravlic S, Capuder Z, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Use of sensitive methods for detection of DNA damage on human lymphocytes exposed to p,p'-DDT: Comet assay and new criteria for scoring micronucleus test. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2007; 42:607-13. [PMID: 17701695 DOI: 10.1080/03601230701465445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wide distribution, stability and long persistence in the environment of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), probably the best-known and most useful insecticide in the world, imposes the need for further examination of the effect of this chemical on human health and especially on the human genome. In this study, peripheral blood human lymphocytes from a healthy donor were exposed to 0.025 mg/L concentration of p,p'-DDT at different time periods (1, 2, 24 and 48 h). For the assessment of genotoxic effect, the new criteria for scoring micronucleus test and alkaline comet assay were used. Both methods showed that p,p'-DDT induces DNA damage in low concentration used in this research. Results of micronucleus test showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) genotoxic effect of p,p'-DDT on human lymphocytes compared with corresponding control and a different exposure time. A comet assay also showed increased DNA damage caused in p,p'-DDT-exposed human lymphocytes than in corresponding control cells for the tail length. Results obtained by measuring the level of DNA migration and incidence of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) indicate the sensitivity of these tests and their application in detection of primary genome damage after long-term exposure to establish the effect of p,p'-DDT on human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chenal C, Legue F, Nourgalieva K. Delayed effects of low level acute irradiation and chronic environmental radioactive contamination on DNA lymphocytes of people living in Dolon, a settlement located in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (Kazakhstan). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 369:91-8. [PMID: 16797057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
During 42 years several hundred nuclear tests were performed by the former USSR at the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS, Kazakhstan), of which more than 100 were done in the atmosphere. We report here the late genetic damage of external exposure to radiation and environmental radioactive contamination in people living in Dolon, a small settlement situated in the vicinity of the STS. The comet assay was applied on DNA lymphocytes of 20 exposed women and 32 non-exposed women living at 500 km from the STS. We observed a statistically significant difference between the exposed and control groups for mean tail moment (MTM) and DNA% in the tail. The mean values of all comet assay parameters (MTM, DNA% in the tail and score) were higher in the group of women born before 1949 as compared to those born after 1950, which could reflect an effect of external irradiation in 1949 due to the most contaminating explosion. These results suggest that people exposed 50 years ago to relatively small doses of external irradiation and/or still living in an environment contaminated by small amounts of long life radionuclides, still present DNA damage which is in agreement with other cytogenetical studies performed at the same site, on the same population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chenal
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Equipe Radiations Environnement Adaptation, Université de RENNES 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Bat 14, RENNES Cedex F 35042, France.
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Zana M, Szécsényi A, Czibula A, Bjelik A, Juhász A, Rimanóczy A, Szabó K, Vetró A, Szucs P, Várkonyi A, Pákáski M, Boda K, Raskó I, Janka Z, Kálmán J. Age-dependent oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in Down’s lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:726-33. [PMID: 16696946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative status of lymphocytes from children (n=7) and adults (n=18) with Down's syndrome (DS). The basal oxidative condition, the vulnerability to in vitro hydrogen peroxide exposure, and the repair capacity were measured by means of the damage-specific alkaline comet assay. Significantly and age-independently elevated numbers of single strand breaks and oxidized bases (pyrimidines and purines) were found in the nuclear DNA of the lymphocytes in the DS group in the basal condition. These results may support the role of an increased level of endogenous oxidative stress in DS and are similar to those previously demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease. In the in vitro oxidative stress-induced state, a markedly higher extent of DNA damage was observed in DS children as compared with age- and gender-matched healthy controls, suggesting that young trisomic lymphocytes are more sensitive to oxidative stress than normal ones. However, the repair ability itself was not found to be deteriorated in either DS children or DS adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zana
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis St., Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.
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45
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Heepchantree W, Paratasilpin T, Kangwanpong D. A biological evaluation of DNA damage detected by comet assay in healthy populations residing in areas that differ in lung cancer incidence. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2006; 69:1071-82. [PMID: 16840254 DOI: 10.1080/15287390500360257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay was performed to evaluate the effect of environmental exposure between human populations residing in two areas that differ in lung cancer incidence, Saraphi (n = 91) and Chom Thong (n = 94). Three parameters, the tail length, tail intensity, and tail moment, were used to detect DNA damage in peripheral blood and stimulated lymphocytes with and without the DNA repair inhibitor, aphidicolin. Internal standards, cryopreserved isolated lymphocytes, and isolated lymphocytes irradiated with 2 Gy gamma rays, were used to correct the interexperimental variability. Results revealed a significant difference between two populations only when the tail length was used to measure DNA damage. The evaluation of various potential confounding factors, such as gender, pesticide exposure, smoking, alcohol drinking, and fermented tea leaf or betel nut chewing, indicated no significant influence in DNA damage. In conclusion, significant difference in DNA damage, detected only by tail length between the two populations residing in the areas with different incidence of lung cancer, may reflect a nonhazardous level of exposure to toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapa Heepchantree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Laffon B, Fraga-Iriso R, Pérez-Cadahía B, Méndez J. Genotoxicity associated to exposure to Prestige oil during autopsies and cleaning of oil-contaminated birds. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1714-23. [PMID: 16814914 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
After the accident involving the oil tanker Prestige in November 2002 near 63,000 tons of heavy oil reached Galician coast (Northwest of Spain). This unleashed a large movement of volunteers to collaborate in several cleaning tasks. The aim of this study was to determine whether handling of Prestige oil-contaminated birds during autopsies and cleaning may have resulted in genotoxic damage. We have also evaluated the possible influence of DNA repair genetic polymorphisms (XRCC1 codons 194 and 399, XRCC3 codon 241 and APE1 codon 148) on susceptibility to the genotoxic effects evaluated. Exposure levels were analysed by determining volatile organic compounds in air samples. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 34 exposed and 35 controls, and comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test were carried out. Genotyping was performed following PCR-RFLP procedures. Results obtained have shown significantly higher DNA damage, but not cytogenetic damage, in exposed individuals than in controls, related to time of exposure. Among exposed individuals, carriers of the variant alleles XRCC1 399Gln and APE1 148Glu have shown altered DNA damage with regard to wild-type homozygotes, suggesting exposure-genotype interactions. No effect of the DNA repair genetic polymorphisms analysed was observed in the MN test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Laffon
- Toxicology Unit, University of A Coruña, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Campus de Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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Güerci AM, Dulout FN, Grillo CA, Seoane AI. Differential response of two cell lines sequentially irradiated with low X-ray doses. Int J Radiat Biol 2005; 81:367-72. [PMID: 16076751 DOI: 10.1080/09553000500148749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was designed to compare the effect of repeated low doses of X-rays in two different cell lines: one transformed, epithelial like and aneuploid Chinese hamster ovary K-1 (CHO-K1); the other originated from a human primary culture, fibroblast, diploid and non-transformed, MRC-5. CHO and MRC-5 cells were cultured for 14 or eight passages, respectively. Irradiation was performed once per passage when cells were in the quiescent state (90 - 95% in G1/G0). Cells were exposed to 10.0 mSv X-ray doses. Ionizing radiation did not induce apoptosis or necrosis in the exposed CHO cell population. Significant increases of low-level damaged cells (degrees 1 and 2) were found for the 14 cycles of radiation when compared with controls, except for the first irradiation cycle. No significant increases in the frequency of cells with severe damage were observed. The frequency of MRC-5 cells with low-level damage increased significantly when compared with controls for radiation cycles seven and eight. Significant increases of apoptosis, necrosis and severe damage were found only for the highest dose. Transformed and non-transformed cell types responded differently to direct and indirect damage using low-dose repeat exposures to ionizing radiation. Though more investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms of radiation effects in chronic low-dose-exposed cell populations, cellular type should be taken into account in the design of in vitro experiments for understanding low-dose-irradiation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Güerci
- CIGEBA (Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada), Facultad de Ciencas Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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Kopjar N, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Assessment of DNA damage in nuclear medicine personnel--comparative study with the alkaline comet assay and the chromosome aberration test. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2005; 208:179-91. [PMID: 15971857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite much research over the last few decades, there still remains considerable uncertainty as to the genetic impact of ionizing radiation on human populations, particularly at low levels. The aim of the present study was to provide data on the genetic hazards due to occupational exposure of low doses of ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine departments. The assessment of primary DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes of medical staff was performed using the alkaline comet assay and the data obtained were compared with the results of conventional cytogenetic biodosimetry using the chromosome aberration (CA) test. Altogether 120 subjects (60 exposed and 60 controls) participated in the study. Statistically significant increases in primary DNA damage and increased frequencies of CAs compared to controls were observed. Within the exposed population, significant inter-individual differences in DNA damage were found, indicating differences in genome sensitivity. Age and gender were not confounding factors, while smoking enhanced the levels of primary DNA damage only in control subjects, as revealed by both biomarkers studied. The present study suggests that genotoxic damage results from exposure to chronic low doses of ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine departments. Therefore, the exposed medical personnel should carefully comply with the radiation protection procedures and should minimize radiation exposure where possible to avoid potential genotoxic effects. The results obtained in this study point to the significance of biological indicators providing information on the actual risk to the radiation exposed individuals. According to our results, the alkaline comet assay and CA test are sensitive biomarkers that can be used as additional complements to physical dosimetry for assessing exposure to radiation in nuclear medicine personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Lee AJ, Hodges NJ, Chipman JK. Interindividual variability in response to sodium dichromate-induced oxidative DNA damage: role of the Ser326Cys polymorphism in the DNA-repair protein of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA glycosylase 1. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:497-505. [PMID: 15734978 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the genotoxic mechanism(s) of hexavalent chromium (CrVI) carcinogenicity remain to be fully elucidated, intracellular reduction of CrVI and concomitant generation of reactive intermediates including reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative damage to DNA is believed to contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. In the current study, substantial interindividual variation (7.19-25.84% and 8.79-34.72% tail DNA as assessed by conventional and FPG-modified comet assay, respectively) in levels of DNA strand breaks after in vitro treatment of WBC with sodium dichromate (100 micromol/L, 1 hour) was shown within a group of healthy adult volunteers (n = 72) as assessed by both comet and formamidopyrimidine glycosylase-modified comet assays. No statistically significant correlation between glutathione S-transferases M1 or T1, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (codon 187) and X-ray repair cross complementation factor 1 (codon 194) genotypes and individual levels of DNA damage were observed. However, individuals homozygous for the Cys(326) 8-oxo 7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) polymorphism had a statistically significant elevation of formamidopyrimidine glycosylase-dependent oxidative DNA damage after treatment with sodium dichromate when compared with either Ser(326)/Ser(326) or Ser(326)/Cys(326) individuals (P = 0.008 and P = 0.003, respectively). In contrast, no effect of OGG1 genotype on background levels of oxidative DNA damage was observed. When individuals were divided on the basis of OGG1 genotype, Cys(326)/Cys(326) individuals had a statistically significant (P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test) higher ratio of oxidative DNA damage to plasma antioxidant capacity than either Ser(326)/Ser(326) or Ser(326)/Cys(326) individuals. The results of this study suggest that the Cys(326)/Cys(326) OGG1 genotype may represent a phenotype that is deficient in the repair of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, but only under conditions of cellular oxidative stress. We hypothesize that this may be due to oxidation of the Cys(326) residue. In conclusion, the homozygous Cys(326) genotype may represent a biomarker of individual susceptibility of lung cancer risk in individuals that are occupationally exposed to CrVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lee
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Lipinski P, Starzynski RR, Drapier JC, Bouton C, Bartlomiejczyk T, Sochanowicz B, Smuda E, Gajkowska A, Kruszewski M. Induction of iron regulatory protein 1 RNA-binding activity by nitric oxide is associated with a concomitant increase in the labile iron pool: implications for DNA damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 327:349-55. [PMID: 15629469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) is a bifunctional [4Fe-4S] protein that controls iron homeostasis. Switching off its function from an aconitase to an apo-IRP1 interacting with iron-responsive element-containing mRNAs depends on the reduced availability of iron in labile iron pool (LIP). Although the modulation of IRP1 by nitric oxide has been characterized, its impact on LIP remains unknown. Here, we show that inhibition of IRP1 aconitase activity and induction of its IRE-binding activity during exposure of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells to NO are associated with an increase in LIP levels. Removal of NO resulted in a reverse regulation of IRP1 activities accompanied by a decrease of LIP. The increased iron burden in LIP caused by NO exacerbated hydrogen peroxide-induced genotoxicity in L5178Y cells. We demonstrate that the increase in LIP levels in response to chronic but not burst exposure of L5178Y cells to NO is associated with alterations in the expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Lipinski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, ul. Postepu 1, 05-552 Wolka Kosowska, Poland.
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