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Delhoumi M, Bouslama MF, Achouri MS. Antibiotics effects on the life history traits of Porcellionides pruinosus (Crustacea: Oniscidea). J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2049388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Delhoumi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Manar II, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fadhel Bouslama
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Manar II, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Sghaier Achouri
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar, Manar II, Tunisia
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Güzel Bayülken D, Bostancıoğlu RB, Koparal AT, Ayaz Tüylü B, Dağ A, Benkli K. Assessment of in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of some trimethoprim conjugates. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1051-1059. [PMID: 29335807 PMCID: PMC6021285 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethoprim, a commonly used antibacterial agent, is widely applied in the treatment of variety of infections in human. A few studies have demonstrated an extensive exposure of man to antibiotics, but there is still a lack of data for cytotoxic effects including nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, hematotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity. The main purpose behind this study was to determine cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of trimethoprim (1), trimethoprim with maleic acid (2) and trimethoprim in conjugation with oxalic acid dihydrate (3). The cytotoxic effects of these three conjugates were elucidated by employing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoium bromide (MTT) assay using embryonic rat fibroblast-like cell line (F2408) and H-ras oncogene activated embryonic rat fibroblast-like cancer cell line (5RP7). Additionally, determination of genotoxic activity of these three compounds were studied by using cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN) in human lymphocytes. The results demonstrated that trimethoprim alone and its combination with other compounds are able to induce both cytotoxic and genotoxic damage on cultured cells (F2408, 5RP7, human lymphocytes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Güzel Bayülken
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - A. Tansu Koparal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Berrin Ayaz Tüylü
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Aydan Dağ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Benkli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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Lacaze E, Pédelucq J, Fortier M, Brousseau P, Auffret M, Budzinski H, Fournier M. Genotoxic and immunotoxic potential effects of selected psychotropic drugs and antibiotics on blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) hemocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 202:177-186. [PMID: 25829077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of pharmaceuticals towards aquatic invertebrates is still poorly understood and sometimes controversial. This study aims to document the in vitro genotoxicity and immunotoxicity of psychotropic drugs and antibiotics on Mytilus edulis. Mussel hemocytes were exposed to fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and erythromycin, at concentrations ranging from μg/L to mg/L. Paroxetine at 1.5 μg/L led to DNA damage while the same concentration of venlafaxine caused immunomodulation. Fluoxetine exposure resulted in genotoxicity, immunotoxicity and cytotoxicity. In the case of antibiotics, trimethoprim was genotoxic at 200 μg/L and immunotoxic at 20 mg/L whereas erythromycin elicited same detrimental effects at higher concentrations. DNA metabolism seems to be a highly sensitive target for psychotropic drugs and antibiotics. Furthermore, these compounds affect the immune system of bivalves, with varying intensity. This attests the relevance of these endpoints to assess the toxic mode of action of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lacaze
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 des Prairies Blvd., Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, Canada.
| | - Julie Pédelucq
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 des Prairies Blvd., Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, Canada; EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805, Université Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Marlène Fortier
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 des Prairies Blvd., Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Brousseau
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 des Prairies Blvd., Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, Canada
| | - Michel Auffret
- LEMAR UMR CNRS 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29 280 Plouzane, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805, Université Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Michel Fournier
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 des Prairies Blvd., Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, Canada.
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Dalla Bona M, Zounková R, Merlanti R, Blaha L, De Liguoro M. Effects of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim on two generations of Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:152-158. [PMID: 25497771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multigenerational tests on Daphnia magna were performed exposing two subsequent generation to enrofloxacin (EFX) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CPX), and to trimethoprim (TMP). Mortality rate of 100% and 50% was detected in F0 at concentrations of ≥ 13 mgL(-1) (EFX) and 50 mgL(-1) (TMP), respectively. In F1 with respect to F0, both for growth and reproduction, a worsening trend of the response with EFX, a similar response with CPX and an attenuating trend with TMP was observed. Furthermore, the lowest EC20 for reproduction inhibition (1.3 mgL(-1)) was calculated for F1 exposed to EFX. However, other experimentations, longer and more complex, are necessary in order to confirm that EFX is more hazardous to daphnids than CPX and TMP. EC50 measured for the three assayed antibacterials were in the 6.5-37 mgL(-1) range therefore environmental unrealistic, except in case of exceptional contaminations that may occur in relation to poorly controlled wastewaters from pharmaceutical factories or excessive use of prophylactic treatments in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Dalla Bona
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy.
| | - Radka Zounková
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Merlanti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Ludek Blaha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marco De Liguoro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Italy
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Oros-Ruiz S, Zanella R, Prado B. Photocatalytic degradation of trimethoprim by metallic nanoparticles supported on TiO2-P25. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 263 Pt 1:28-35. [PMID: 23664919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Au, Ag, Cu and Ni nanoparticles deposited on TiO2-P25 was studied on the photodegradation of trimethoprim, a commonly used antibiotic. The synthesized materials were characterized by ICP, EDS, XRD, BET, UV-vis, TEM and TPR. The metal loading was 0.5 wt.% and the average particle size was about 2 nm in all the studied samples. The deposition of metallic particles on TiO2-P25 produces an enhancement of the activity of the bare semiconductor; when the degradation of trimethoprim was carried out by pure TiO2-P25, the mineralization reached only 50% of the organic matter, while by using metallic nanoparticles deposited on TiO2-P25, the mineralization of organic matter increased up to 80% for the same reaction conditions and reaction time. The evaluation of the photocatalytic activity was made for solutions containing trimethoprim in concentrations of 40 ppm under UV light irradiation using a lamp with primary emission at 254 nm and 2.2 mW/cm(2). It is shown that the ability of the photocatalyst to mineralize trimethoprim depends on the electron affinity and the electronegativity of the deposited metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Socorro Oros-Ruiz
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70-186, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 México, DF, Mexico
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Antibacterial and antifungal activities of some trimethoprim salts. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ortiz R, Medina H, Cortés E, Cervantes E, Rodríguez L. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increase micronuclei formation in peripheral blood from weanling well-nourished and malnourished rats. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:673-680. [PMID: 21826741 DOI: 10.1002/em.20670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a widely used drug. In spite of this, there are few reports on its genotoxicity, and the results are controversial. Severe malnutrition is a complex condition that increases the susceptibility to infections. Consequently, drugs are extensively used in malnutrition cases. Experimental animal models have been widely used to study the effects of malnutrition. Neonatal rats were experimentally malnourished (UN) during lactation. The UN rats weighed 51.1% less than the well-nourished (WN) controls and had lower concentrations of serum protein and blood lipids. The micronucleus (MN) assay is useful for detecting chromosome damage induced by nutritional deficiencies. In vivo rodent MN assays have been widely used to screen genotoxic agents. In this study, we have evaluated the frequency of spontaneous and TMP-SMX-induced micronuclei in the peripheral blood of weanling (21 days of age) rats using a flow cytometric analysis technique. The spontaneous frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) was 2.7 times greater in the UN rats than in the WN rats. In rats that were not treated with TMP-SMX, the percentage of reticulocytes was significantly lower (41.1%) in the UN rats than the WN controls. A therapeutic dose of TMP-SMX (80 mg/kg (TMP), 400 mg/kg (SMX) for 48 hr) increased MN-RETs in the WN and in the UN rats. The data demonstrate the genotoxic effect of this drug. The results indicate that severe protein-calorie restriction and drug treatment enhance DNA damage in rat peripheral blood reticulocytes, potentially increasing the risk of negative effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México DF.
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Papis E, Davies SJ, Jha AN. Relative sensitivity of fish and mammalian cells to the antibiotic, trimethoprim: cytotoxic and genotoxic responses as determined by neutral red retention, Comet and micronucleus assays. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:208-217. [PMID: 21104197 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Relative cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a widely used antibiotic, trimethoprim (TRIMP) was evaluated under in vitro conditions using rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2) and Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells. Whilst cytotoxicity was determined using neutral red retention (NRR) assay, the genotoxicity was determined using single cell gel electrophoresis or the Comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. For NRR assay, concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect was observed for both the cell lines (estimated EC(50) values: 671.82 ± 21.78 and 611.6 ± 20.4 μg ml(-1) for RTG-2 and CHO-K1 cells, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the two cell lines for this assay. For the Comet assay, standard 6 h exposure to TRIMP did not show any positive response for any of the cell types used. However, 48 h exposure to RTG-2 cells showed a concentration-dependent induction of DNA damage (r = 0.86). The highest concentration of TRIMP used (i.e. 100 μg ml(-1)) showed relatively higher DNA damage, compared to ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS; 1 μg ml(-1) or 8 mM), a reference genotoxic agent, used concurrently. In contrast, 24 h exposure time for CHO-K1 cells did not show any concentration-dependent increase for this assay. For MN assay, a significant correlation was found between the MN induction and TRIMP concentration for both the cell lines (RTG-2: r = 0.68; CHO-K1: r = 0.79), although only the highest concentration used showed a significant increase for binucleated (BN) cell with micronuclei (BNMN). The study suggests that whilst the cells of different origin could exhibit similar cytotoxicity, they could display differential genotoxic effects. Furthermore, genotoxic effects of TRIMP are primarily exposure period dependent phenomena and, in addition to inhibiting the action of dihydrofolate reductase, oxidative stress could also contribute for the observed toxic effects, fish cells in general being more sensitive for genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Papis
- School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Evaluation of genotoxic effects of semicarbazide on cultured human lymphocytes and rat bone marrow. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:209-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Binelli A, Cogni D, Parolini M, Riva C, Provini A. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of in vitro exposure to triclosan and trimethoprim on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) hemocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:50-6. [PMID: 19232398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been detected in several aquatic ecosystems for a number of years, but the potential for biological effects in exposed non-target organisms is only now being reported. In this study the potential cellular damage due to two of the main PPCPs found in aquatic environments was investigated by in vitro exposures. Hemolymph samples of the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha were collected and treated with increasing concentrations of the antibacterial agent Triclosan (TCS) and the antibiotic Trimethoprim (TMP). Doses selected for TCS were 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.3 microM, while 0.2, 1, and 5 microM for TMP exposures, respectively. We evaluated the potential genotoxicity on hemocytes by the SCGE (single cell gel electrophoresis) assay and apoptosis frequency evaluation, while the cytotoxicity was measured by the lysosomal membranes stability test (NRRA, neutral red retention assay). TCS genotoxicity increased in a dose-dependent manner and this pharmaceutical significantly affects hemocyte functionality due to severe DNA injuries at very low doses. In contrast, TMP seems to be less dangerous than TCS for D. polymorpha because the cytotoxic and the moderate genotoxic effects noticed were obtained only at very high concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Binelli
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Genotoxicity testing of fluconazole in vivo and in vitro. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 649:155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oztas S, Salman AB, Tatar A, Yigiter M, Yazgi H, Ertek M, Yesilyurt A, Ocak Z, Kursad H. Genotoxic effect of albendazole in pediatric patients with hepatic hydatid disease. Int J Infect Dis 2007; 11:446-9. [PMID: 17331781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydatid disease occurs throughout the world and is treated with both surgery and medical administration of albendazole. Some adverse effects of albendazole are known. However, its genotoxic effect on humans has not been reported yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genotoxic effect of albendazole on human lymphocytes in vivo. METHODS The study involved 14 children (eight males and six females) who had undergone operations for hepatic hydatid disease. The ages of the patients ranged from 6 to 13 years. Genotoxicity of albendazole was evaluated as the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleated cells in the patient's lymphocytes. Prior to and after albendazole treatment, blood samples were obtained from these patients for SCE and micronucleus (MN) studies. SCE and MN frequencies of the patients were measured separately before and after albendazole treatment. RESULTS All patient SCE values increased significantly after albendazole administration (p<0.001). Similarly, MN frequencies in all the patients increased significantly following albendazole treatment (p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study revealed that both SCE and MN frequencies are higher after albendazole treatment. The results suggest that albendazole may be genotoxic to human lymphocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitki Oztas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Ferrara G, Loffredo E, Senesi N, Marcos R. Humic acids reduce the genotoxicity of mitomycin C in the human lymphoblastoid cell line TK6. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2006; 603:27-32. [PMID: 16386451 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The antimutagenic/desmutagenic activity of a leonardite humic acid (LHA) and a soil humic acid (SHA) was studied in the cultured human lymphoblastoid cell line TK6 treated with mitomycin C (MMC) as reference mutagen by evaluating the induction of micronuclei (MN). Two different concentrations of HA were used, 2.5 and 10 microg/ml, in three different treatments: (1) HA alone (genotoxic test); (2) HA after 2-h pre-incubation with 0.3 microM of MMC (desmutagenic test) and (3) combinations of HA and MMC at 0.3 microM without pre-incubation (antimutagenic test). Neither of the HA used alone did produce genotoxic effects, but both HAs reduced significantly the frequencies of MN induced by MMC, especially in the desmutagenic test. A slight cell-protective effect against the cytotoxicity of MMC was also exhibited by the two HAs in the desmutagenic test. The LHA showed a desmutagenic/antimutagenic activity that was more pronounced than that of SHA, which is possibly related to the higher carboxylic group content and lower phenolic group content of LHA. These results confirm the antigenotoxic action exerted by HAs in human cells, similarly to what has been previously observed in various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Abou-Eisha A. Evaluation of cytogenetic and DNA damage induced by the antibacterial drug, trimethoprim. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 20:601-7. [PMID: 16311012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Trimethoprim, a widely used antimicrobial drug was tested for its effect on the level of nuclear DNA damage in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes in terms of chromosome and DNA alterations. The extent of cytogenetic damage, expressed as chromosome breakage and chromosome loss, was evaluated employing the cytokinesis block micronucleus method (CBMN) in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a digoxigenin-labelled alphoid DNA probe specific for the centromere of all human chromosomes. The DNA breakage level was evaluated by the Comet assay. Cultures were set up by using blood samples from two healthy donors. A range of concentrations of the test agent (from 1 to 100 microg/ml) was used for the micronuclei (MN) frequency and cytogenetic origin of MN. For the Comet assay the range of doses used was from 0.5 to 150 microg/ml. From the results obtained it appears that this antifolic agent has a significant clastogenic potential, as detected by a dose-dependent increase of the incidence of C-MN and significantly greater than control levels at the highest concentrations tested (25,100 microg/ml). In addition, the results obtained in the Comet assay also show that trimethoprim induces a dose-dependent increase in the level of DNA breakage, this increase attaining statistical significance at the highest concentrations tested (25, 100, 150 microg/ml), which would confirm its genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abou-Eisha
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abou-Eisha A, Marcos R, Creus A. Genotoxicity studies on the antimicrobial drug sulfamethoxazole in cultured human lymphocytes. Mutat Res 2004; 564:51-6. [PMID: 15474410 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2003] [Revised: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of the antimicrobial drug sulfamethoxazole was evaluated in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The frequencies of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) were scored as genetic endpoints. Both tests cover a wide range of induced genetic damage such as primary DNA damage, clastogenicity and aneugenicity. Cultures were set up with blood samples from two healthy donors and the treatment was done with different sulfamethoxazole concentrations ranging from 10 to 500 microg/ml. From the results obtained it appears that this drug is able to induce weak genotoxic effects, as revealed by the slight increase in the SCE and MN frequencies, at least at one of the two highest concentrations tested. However, the results of the SCE assay should be interpreted with caution because the increase is just significant. In addition, cyotoxic/cytostatic effects of sulfamethoxazole were revealed by a decrease in the proliferative rate index (PRI) and in the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abou-Eisha
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Abou-Eisha A, Afifi M. Genotoxic evaluation of the antimalarial drug, fansidar, in cultured human lymphocytes. Cell Biol Toxicol 2004; 20:303-11. [PMID: 15685933 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-004-5352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fansidar (pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine) has been used extensively worldwide for the treatment of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria, toxoplasmosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Because of the wide usage of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine in developing countries and the lake of information from open literature and reports from manufacturers about the genotoxicity of such antimalarial drug, the present work was suggested. The possible genetic toxicity of fansidar has been evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. The frequencies of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) were scored as genetic endpoints. Both tests covering a wide range of induced genetic damage as primary DNA damage, clastogenicity and aneugenicity. Cultures were set up by using blood samples from two healthy donors and the treatment was done using different fansidar concentrations ranging from 1:20 to 10:200 microg/ml. From our results, it appears that this drug is able to induce moderate genotoxic effects, as revealed by the increases found in SCE and MN frequencies in cultures from the two donors at the two highest concentrations tested (5:100 and 10:200 microg/ml). In addition, cyotoxic/cytostatic effects of fansidar were revealed by a decrease in the proliferative rate index (PRI) and in the cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI). Our findings suggest that the use of this drug should be restricted to situations where other antimalarial drugs cannot be used. The drug should never be given to pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abou-Eisha
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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