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Al-Senani GM, Nasr M, Zayed M, Ali SS, Alshaikh H, Abd El-Salam HM, Shaban M. Fabrication of PES Modified by TiO 2/Na 2Ti 3O 7 Nanocomposite Mixed-Matrix Woven Membrane for Enhanced Performance of Forward Osmosis: Influence of Membrane Orientation and Feed Solutions. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:654. [PMID: 37505020 PMCID: PMC10383846 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Water treatment is regarded as one of the essential elements of sustainability. To lower the cost of treatment, the wastewater volume is reduced via the osmotic process. Here, mixed-matrix woven forward osmosis (MMWFO) PES membranes modified by a TiO2/Na2Ti3O7 (TNT) nanocomposite were fabricated for treating water from different sources. Various techniques were used to characterize the TNT nanocomposite. The crystal structure of TNT is a mix of monoclinic Na2Ti3O7 and anorthic TiO2 with a preferred orientation of (2-11). The SEM image shows that the surface morphology of the TNT nanocomposite is a forked nano-fur with varying sizes regularly distributed throughout the sample. The impact of TNT wt.% on membrane surface morphologies, functional groups, hydrophilicity, and performance was investigated. Additionally, using distilled water (DW) as the feed solution (FS), the effects of various NaCl concentrations, draw solutions, and membrane orientations on the performance of the mixed-matrix membranes were tested. Different water samples obtained from various sources were treated as the FS using the optimized PES/TNT (0.01 wt.%) MMWFO membrane. Using textile effluent as the FS, the impact of various NaCl DS concentrations on the permeated water volume was investigated. The results show that the MMWFO membrane generated with the TNT nanocomposite at a 0.01 wt.% ratio performed better in FO mode. After 30 min of use with 1 M NaCl and various sources of water as the FS, the optimized MMWFO membrane provided a steady water flow and exhibited antifouling behavior. DW performed better than other water types whenever it was used owing to its greater flow (136 LMH) and volume reduction (52%). Tap water (TW), textile industrial wastewater (TIWW), gray water (GW), and municipal wastewater (MW) showed volume reductions of 41%, 34%, 33%, and 31.9%, respectively. Additionally, when utilizing NaCl as the DS and TIWW as the FS, 1 M NaCl resulted in more permeated water than 0.25 M and 0.5 M, yet a higher volume reduction of 41% was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah M Al-Senani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervat Nasr
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Zayed
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Ali
- Chemical Engineering and Pilot-Plant Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hind Alshaikh
- Chemistry Department, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 344, Jeddah 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanafy M Abd El-Salam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. Box 170, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
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Review of Particle Detachment and Attachment in Porous Media. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE & PROCESS ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.33736/jaspe.4719.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle detachment, migration and attachment are common processes in porous media, especially in unconsolidated formations. In this review, the processes are discussed and equations describing the processes are presented. Two particle detachment processes analyzed are the hydrodynamic forces and electric double-layer forces. The particle detachments equations were critically examined to determine if they reflect crucial factors that trigger particle detachment in porous media. Essential factors that are missing in the equation are the effect of pressure and the level of rock consolidation. Incorporating the level of rock cementation and the effect of pressure in the equations will make the models more empirical and less theoretical. For particle attachment, Van der Waals forces, adhesion, particle attachment efficiency, and straining processes and their equations are considered. The colloidal forces are all embraced in terms of capturing important elements that mobilize particles in porous media, however, the practical application of the models can pose a challenge. For particle adsorption on grain surfaces, it is recommended that the effect of pressure and temperature be studied.
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Ni L, Shaik R, Xu R, Zhang G, Zhe J. A Microfluidic Sensor for Continuous, in Situ Surface Charge Measurement of Single Cells. ACS Sens 2020; 5:527-534. [PMID: 31939290 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface charge has been recognized as an important cellular property. We developed a microfluidic sensor based on resistive pulse sensing to assess surface charge and sizes of single cells suspended in a continuous flow. The device consists of two consecutive resistive pulse sensors (RPSs) with identical dimensions. Opposite electric fields were applied on the two RPSs. A charged cell in the RPSs was accelerated or decelerated by the electric fields and thus exhibited different transit times passing through the two RPSs. The cell surface charge is measured with zeta potential that can be quantified with the transit time difference. The transit time of each cell can be accurately detected with the width of pulses generated by the RPS, while the cell size can be calculated with the pulse magnitude at the same time. This device has the ability to detect surface charges and sizes of individual cells with high tolerance in cell types and testing solutions compared with traditional electrophoretic light scattering methods. Three different types of cells including HeLa cancer cells, human dermal fibroblast cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were tested with the sensor. Results showed a significant difference of zeta potentials between HeLa cells and fibroblasts or HUVECs. In addition, when HeLa cells were treated with various concentrations of glutamine, the effects on cancer cell surface charge were detected. Our results demonstrated the great potential of using our sensor for cell type sorting, cancer cell detection, and cell status analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Rubia Shaik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ruiting Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jiang Zhe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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Zhan X, Wang J, Xiong Z, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Chen J, Feng SP, Tang J. Enhanced ion tolerance of electrokinetic locomotion in polyelectrolyte-coated microswimmer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3921. [PMID: 31477723 PMCID: PMC6718642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, researchers have endeavored to mimic the naturally motile microorganisms and develop artificial nano/microswimmers, which propel themselves in aqueous media. However, most of these nano/microswimmers are propelled by the self-electrophoretic mechanism, which has one critical incompetency: the inability to operate in a high concentration electrolyte solution, such as the most important body fluid, blood. This ionic quenching behavior is well backed by the classical Helmholtz-Smoluchowski theory and seems to be an insurmountable challenge which has shadowed the otherwise promising biomedical applications for artificial nano/microswimmers. Here, we propose that the active nano/microswimmer's self-electrophoresis is fundamentally different from the passive nanoparticle electrophoresis. By significantly increasing the Dukhin number with polyelectrolyte coating and geometry optimization, a favorable deviation from the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski behavior can be realized, and ion tolerance is enhanced by over 100 times for a visible light-powered self-electrophoretic microswimmer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jizhuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ze Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shien-Ping Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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Hu X, Kong X, Lu D, Wu J. A molecular theory for predicting the thermodynamic efficiency of electrokinetic energy conversion in slit nanochannels. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:084701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5013078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xian Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Diannan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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