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Fattahi N, Gorgannezhad L, Masoule SF, Babanejad N, Ramazani A, Raoufi M, Sharifikolouei E, Foroumadi A, Khoobi M. PEI-based functional materials: Fabrication techniques, properties, and biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103119. [PMID: 38447243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have recently attracted considerable interest as research breakthroughs for various industrial and biomedical applications. They are particularly interesting due to their highly positive charges, acceptable physicochemical properties, and ability to undergo further modifications, making them attractive candidates for biomedical applications. Polyethyleneimines (PEIs), as the most extensively utilized polymers, are one of the valuable and prominent classes of polycations. Owing to their flexible polymeric chains, broad molecular weight (MW) distribution, and repetitive structural units, their customization for functional composites is more feasible. The specific beneficial attributes of PEIs could be introduced by purposeful functionalization or modification, long service life, biocompatibility, and distinct geometry. Therefore, PEIs have significant potential in biotechnology, medicine, and bioscience. In this review, we present the advances in PEI-based nanomaterials, their transfection efficiency, and their toxicity over the past few years. Furthermore, the potential and suitability of PEIs for various applications are highlighted and discussed in detail. This review aims to inspire readers to investigate innovative approaches for the design and development of next-generation PEI-based nanomaterials possessing cutting-edge functionalities and appealing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fattahi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Lena Gorgannezhad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shabnam Farkhonde Masoule
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Niloofar Babanejad
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Elham Sharifikolouei
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin (TO), Italy
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wallace JL, Pollen AA. Human neuronal maturation comes of age: cellular mechanisms and species differences. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:7-29. [PMID: 37996703 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The delayed and prolonged postmitotic maturation of human neurons, compared with neurons from other species, may contribute to human-specific cognitive abilities and neurological disorders. Here we review the mechanisms of neuronal maturation, applying lessons from model systems to understand the specific features of protracted human cortical maturation and species differences. We cover cell-intrinsic features of neuronal maturation, including transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms, as well as cell-extrinsic features, including the roles of activity and synapses, the actions of glial cells and the contribution of the extracellular matrix. We discuss evidence for species differences in biochemical reaction rates, the proposed existence of an epigenetic maturation clock and the contributions of both general and modular mechanisms to species-specific maturation timing. Finally, we suggest approaches to measure, improve and accelerate the maturation of human neurons in culture, examine crosstalk and interactions among these different aspects of maturation and propose conceptual models to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenelle L Wallace
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Alex A Pollen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Zhang F, Wang F, Li Y, Yuan L, Fan L, Zhou X, Wu H, Zhu X, Wang H, Gu N. Real-Time Cell Temperature Fluctuation Monitoring System Using Precision Pt Sensors Coated with Low Thermal Capacity, Low Thermal Resistance, and Self-Assembled Multilayer Films. ACS Sens 2023; 8:141-149. [PMID: 36640268 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of cell temperature fluctuation can help researchers better understand physiological phenomena and the effects of drug treatment on cells, which is a novel and important tool for cellular informatics. The platinum (Pt) temperature sensor is widely used in temperature measurement with the advantages of strong stability, great accuracy, and high sensitivity. However, the commercially available Pt sensors have large thermal resistance and heat capacity which are difficult to be applied for cell temperature measurement because only a very small amount of heat flux is generated by live cells. In this study, we designed a system using precision Pt thin-film temperature sensors with low heat capacity and thermal resistance. The Pt thin-film sensors are covered by a silicon nitride insulation layer grafted with a self-assembled multilayer silane film for promoting cell adhesion. The temperature coefficient of resistance of the Pt temperature sensor was about 2100 ppm/°C. The four-wire lead design next to the sensor detection area ensured maximum accuracy, resulting in a system noise below 0.01 °C over a long time. HEK-293T and HeLa cells were cultured on the sensor surface, respectively. The temperature fluctuation of 293T cells was monitored in a cell culture medium, showing a temperature increase of about 0.05-0.12 °C. The temperature fluctuation of HeLa cells treated with cisplatin was also measured and recorded, indicating a temperature decrease of 0.01 °C first and then a gradual temperature increase of 0.04 °C. The Pt sensor system we developed demonstrated high sensitivity and long stability for cell temperature fluctuation monitoring, which can be widely used in cell activity and cellular informatics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China.,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Fangxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Li Fan
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Xingyue Zhu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
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Neuroprotective Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Rats via Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:836-850. [PMID: 32030557 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of insoluble deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques within the parenchyma of the brain. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of ethyl pyruvate against in vitro and in vivo model of aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced AD. Effect of ethyl pyruvate (5, 10, 20, 40 mM) against AlCl3 (1250 μM)-induced neurotoxicity in primary neuron-glial mixed cell culture was evaluated using cell viability assays (MTT assay as well as calcein-AM/propidium iodide fluorescent dyes). In vivo model, AlCl3 (50 mg/kg) were given through intraperitoneal route (i.p.) once daily for 4 weeks in rats and after 2 weeks, ethyl pyruvate (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/day) was co-administered with AlCl3 once daily via the oral route. The present study, in addition to perform histopathology of the brain, also estimated oxidant and antioxidant parameters as well as memory impairment using pole test, plus maze, and Morris water maze test. The binding mode of ethyl pyruvate in the hMD-2 was also studied. Results of in vitro studies showed that the AlCl3 administration resulted in neuronal cell death. AlCl3 administration in rats resulted in memory loss, oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxide and nitric oxide), impairment of antioxidant mechanisms (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione), and deposition of amyloid plaques in cerebral cortex region of the brain. AlCl3 also resulted in the overexpression of the TLR4 receptors in the brain tissues. Administration of ethyl pyruvate ameliorated the AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in neuron-glial mixed cell culture as well as histopathological, neurochemical, and behavioral consequences of chronic administration of AlCl3 in the rat. Ethyl pyruvate showed a docking score of 4.048. Thus, ethyl pyruvate is effective against in vitro and in vivo models of AlCl3-induced AD.
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Shimba K, Sakai K, Iida S, Kotani K, Jimbo Y. Long-Term Developmental Process of the Human Cortex Revealed In Vitro by Axon-Targeted Recording Using a Microtunnel-Augmented Microelectrode Array. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2538-2545. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2891310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wysotzki P, Gimsa J. Surface Coatings Modulate the Differences in the Adhesion Forces of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells as Detected by Single Cell Force Microscopy. Int J Biomater 2019; 2019:7024259. [PMID: 31057623 PMCID: PMC6463582 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7024259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell force microscopy was used to investigate the maximum detachment force (MDF) of primary neuronal mouse cells (PNCs), osteoblastic cells (MC3T3), and prokaryotic cells (Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis) from different surfaces after contact times of 1 to 5 seconds. Positively charged silicon nitride surfaces were coated with positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) or poly-D-lysine. Laminin was used as the second coating. PEI induced MDFs of the order of 5 to 20 nN, slightly higher than silicon nitride did. Lower MDFs (1 to 5 nN) were detected on PEI/laminin with the lowest on PDL/laminin. To abstract from the individual cell properties, such as size, and to obtain cell type-specific MDFs, the MDFs of each cell on the different coatings were normalized to the silicon nitride reference for the longest contact time. The differences in MDF between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells were generally of similar dimensions, except on PDL/laminin, which discriminated against the prokaryotic cells. We explain the lower MDFs on laminin by the spatial prevention of the electrostatic cell adhesion to the underlying polymers. However, PEI can form long flexible loops protruding from the surface-bound layer that may span the laminin layer and easily bind to cellular surfaces and the small prokaryotic cells. This was reflected in increased MDFs after two-second contact times on silicon nitride, whereas the two-second values were already observed after one second on PEI or PEI/laminin. We assume that the electrostatic charge interaction with the PEI loops is more important for the initial adhesion of the smaller prokaryotic cells than for eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wysotzki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Gimsa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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7
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Zhen J, Reith MEA. Functional properties of dopamine transporter oligomers after copper linking. J Neurochem 2017; 144:162-171. [PMID: 29168892 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although it is universally accepted that dopamine transporters (DATs) exist in monomers, dimers and tetramers (i.e. dimers of dimers), it is not known whether the oligomeric organization of DAT is a prerequisite for its ability to take up dopamine (DA), or whether each DAT protomer, the subunit of quaternary structure, functions independently in terms of DA translocation. In this study, copper phenanthroline (CuP) was used to selectively target surface DAT: increasing concentrations of CuP gradually cross-linked natural DAT dimers in LLC-PK1 cells stably expressing hDAT and thereby reduced DA uptake functionality until all surface DATs were inactivated. DATs that were not cross-linked by CuP showed normal DA uptake with DA Km at ~ 0.5 μM and DA efflux with basal and amphetamine-induced DA efflux as much as control values. The cocaine analog 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-[4-fluorophenyl]-tropane (CFT) was capable to bind to copper-cross-linked DATs, albeit with an affinity more than fivefold decreased (Kd of CFT = 109 nM after cross-linking vs 19 nM before). A kinetic analysis is offered describing the changing amounts of dimers and monomers with increasing [CuP], allowing the estimation of dimer functional activity compared with a DAT monomer. Consonant with previous conclusions for serotonin transporter and NET that only one protomer of an oligomer is active at the time, the present data indicated a functional activity of the DAT dimer of 0.74 relative to a monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Maarten E A Reith
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
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Slotkin JR, Pritchard CD, Luque B, Ye J, Layer RT, Lawrence MS, O'Shea TM, Roy RR, Zhong H, Vollenweider I, Edgerton VR, Courtine G, Woodard EJ, Langer R. Biodegradable scaffolds promote tissue remodeling and functional improvement in non-human primates with acute spinal cord injury. Biomaterials 2017; 123:63-76. [PMID: 28167393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue loss significantly reduces the potential for functional recovery after spinal cord injury. We previously showed that implantation of porous scaffolds composed of a biodegradable and biocompatible block copolymer of Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid and Poly-l-lysine improves functional recovery and reduces spinal cord tissue injury after spinal cord hemisection injury in rats. Here, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of porous scaffolds in non-human Old-World primates (Chlorocebus sabaeus) after a partial and complete lateral hemisection of the thoracic spinal cord. Detailed analyses of kinematics and muscle activity revealed that by twelve weeks after injury fully hemisected monkeys implanted with scaffolds exhibited significantly improved recovery of locomotion compared to non-implanted control animals. Twelve weeks after injury, histological analysis demonstrated that the spinal cords of monkeys with a hemisection injury implanted with scaffolds underwent appositional healing characterized by a significant increase in remodeled tissue in the region of the hemisection compared to non-implanted controls. The number of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunopositive astrocytes was diminished within the inner regions of the remodeled tissue layer in treated animals. Activated macrophage and microglia were present diffusely throughout the remodeled tissue and concentrated at the interface between the preserved spinal cord tissue and the remodeled tissue layer. Numerous unphosphorylated neurofilament H and neuronal growth associated protein positive fibers and myelin basic protein positive cells may indicate neural sprouting inside the remodeled tissue layer of treated monkeys. These results support the safety and efficacy of polymer scaffolds in a primate model of acute spinal cord injury. A device substantially similar to the device described here is the subject of an ongoing human clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher D Pritchard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian Luque
- InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Janice Ye
- InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy M O'Shea
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roland R Roy
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isabel Vollenweider
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Reggie Edgerton
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Neurobiology and Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Grégoire Courtine
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric J Woodard
- Department of Neurosurgery, New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Prabha G, Raj V. Formation and characterization of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) - polyethyleneglycol (PEG) - polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for loading and releasing 5-Fluorouracil drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 80:173-182. [PMID: 27133054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) - polyethyleneglycol (PEG) - polyethyleneimine (PEI) coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI) were developed as drug carriers for drug delivery applications. The 5- Fluorouracil (5-FU) was chosen as model drug molecule. The developed nanoparticles (Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI) were characterized by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The average particles size range of 5-FU loaded Fe3O4-β-CD, Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG and Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI nanoparticles were from 151 to 300nm and zeta potential value of nanoparticles were from -43mV to -20mV as measured using Malvern Zetasizer. Finally, encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC) and in-vitro drug release performance of 5-FU drug loaded Fe3O4-β-CD, Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG and Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI nanoparticles was evaluated by UV-vis spectroscopy. In-vitro cytotoxicity tests investigated by MTT assay indicate that 5-FU loaded Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI nanoparticles were toxic to cancer cells and non-toxic to normal cells. The in-vitro release behavior of 5-FU from drug (5-FU) loaded Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI composite at different pH values and temperature was studied. It was found that 5-FU was released faster in pH 6.8 than in the acidic mediums (pH 1.2), and the released quantity was higher. Therefore, the newly prepared Fe3O4-β-CD-PEG-PEI carrier exhibits a promising potential capability for anticancer drug delivery in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Prabha
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem-11, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - V Raj
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem-11, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Morin EA, Tang S, Rogers KL, He W. Facile Use of Cationic Hydrogel Particles for Surface Modification of Planar Substrates Toward Multifunctional Neural Permissive Surfaces: An in Vitro Investigation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5737-5745. [PMID: 26881298 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic materials such as silicon have been commonly used for neural interfacing applications but are intrinsically noninteractive with neurons. Here, a facile approach has been developed to integrate both chemical and topographical cues to impart neural permissiveness for such materials. The approach simply exploits the basic phenomenon of electrostatically driven adsorption of colloidal particles onto a solid material and applies it to a cationic hydrogel particle system that we have developed recently based on "click" reaction of epoxide and amine. The particle adsorption process can be tuned by varying the adsorption time and the concentration of the original colloidal suspension, both of which directly control the surface densities of the adsorbed hydrogel particles. Using the PC12 cell line and primary cortical neurons derived from chick embryo, we demonstrate that the particle-adsorbed surface readily supports robust cell adhesion and differentiation. Although the extent of neural permissiveness exhibited by such particle-adsorbed surface was comparable to the cationic polyethylenimine-coated control surface, the adsorbed hydrogel particles offer a unique reservoir function to the modified surface that is unparalleled by the control. The successful loading of hydrophobic dye of nile red to the surface adsorbed hydrogel particles indicates that the modified surface not only provides physical support of neurons, but also can be explored in the future to exert localized therapeutic actions favorable for neural interfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Morin
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Shuangcheng Tang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Katie Lou Rogers
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Wei He
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Dolega ME, Wagh J, Gerbaud S, Kermarrec F, Alcaraz JP, Martin DK, Gidrol X, Picollet-D’hahan N. Facile bench-top fabrication of enclosed circular microchannels provides 3D confined structure for growth of prostate epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99416. [PMID: 24945245 PMCID: PMC4063722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simple bench-top method to fabricate enclosed circular channels for biological experiments. Fabricating the channels takes less than 2 hours by using glass capillaries of various diameters (from 100 µm up to 400 µm) as a mould in PDMS. The inner surface of microchannels prepared in this way was coated with a thin membrane of either Matrigel or a layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte to control cellular adhesion. The microchannels were then used as scaffolds for 3D-confined epithelial cell culture. To show that our device can be used with several epithelial cell types from exocrine glandular tissues, we performed our biological studies on adherent epithelial prostate cells (non-malignant RWPE-1 and invasive PC3) and also on breast (non-malignant MCF10A) cells We observed that in static conditions cells adhere and proliferate to form a confluent layer in channels of 150 µm in diameter and larger, whereas cellular viability decreases with decreasing diameter of the channel. Matrigel and PSS (poly (sodium 4-styrenesulphonate)) promote cell adhesion, whereas the cell proliferation rate was reduced on the PAH (poly (allylamine hydrochloride))-terminated surface. Moreover infusing channels with a continuous flow did not induce any cellular detachment. Our system is designed to simply grow cells in a microchannel structure and could be easily fabricated in any biological laboratory. It offers opportunities to grow epithelial cells that support the formation of a light. This system could be eventually used, for example, to collect cellular secretions, or study cell responses to graduated hypoxia conditions, to chemicals (drugs, siRNA, …) and/or physiological shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E. Dolega
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Jayesh Wagh
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Gerbaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Frederique Kermarrec
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Donald K. Martin
- UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (SyNaBi), Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Picollet-D’hahan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Xiong J, Kielian T. Microglia in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis are primed toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. J Neurochem 2013; 127:245-58. [PMID: 23919525 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by an autosomal recessive mutation in CLN3. Regions of microglial activation precede and predict areas of neuronal loss in JNCL; however, the functional role of activated microglia remains to be defined. The inflammasome is a key molecular pathway for activating pro-IL-1β in microglia, and IL-1β is elevated in the brains of JNCL patients and can induce neuronal cell death. Here, we utilized primary microglia isolated from CLN3(Δex7/8) mutant and wild-type (WT) mice to examine the impact of CLN3 mutation on microglial activation and inflammasome function. Treatment with neuronal lysates and ceramide, a lipid intermediate elevated in the JNCL brain, led to inflammasome activation and IL-1β release in CLN3(Δex7/8) microglia but not WT cells, as well as increased expression of additional pro-inflammatory mediators. Similar effects were observed following either TNF-α or IL-1β treatment, suggesting that CLN3(Δex7/8) microglia exist in primed state and hyper-respond to several inflammatory stimuli compared to WT cells. CLN3(Δex7/8) microglia displayed constitutive caspase-1 activity that when blocked led to increased glutamate release that coincided with hemichannel opening. Conditioned medium from activated CLN3(Δex7/8) or WT microglia induced significant cell death in CLN3(Δex7/8) but not WT neurons, demonstrating that intrinsically diseased CLN3(Δex7/8) neurons are less equipped to withstand cytotoxic insults generated by activated microglia. Collectively, aberrant microglial activation may contribute to the pathological chain of events leading to neurodegeneration during later stages of JNCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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13
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Ricotti L, Taccola S, Bernardeschi I, Pensabene V, Dario P, Menciassi A. Quantification of growth and differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells on PSS–PAH-based polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer nanofilms. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:031001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/3/031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Woodruff TM, Thundyil J, Tang SC, Sobey CG, Taylor SM, Arumugam TV. Pathophysiology, treatment, and animal and cellular models of human ischemic stroke. Mol Neurodegener 2011; 6:11. [PMID: 21266064 PMCID: PMC3037909 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the world's second leading cause of mortality, with a high incidence of severe morbidity in surviving victims. There are currently relatively few treatment options available to minimize tissue death following a stroke. As such, there is a pressing need to explore, at a molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole body level, the mechanisms leading to damage and death of CNS tissue following an ischemic brain event. This review explores the etiology and pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and provides a general model of such. The pathophysiology of cerebral ischemic injury is explained, and experimental animal models of global and focal ischemic stroke, and in vitro cellular stroke models, are described in detail along with experimental strategies to analyze the injuries. In particular, the technical aspects of these stroke models are assessed and critically evaluated, along with detailed descriptions of the current best-practice murine models of ischemic stroke. Finally, we review preclinical studies using different strategies in experimental models, followed by an evaluation of results of recent, and failed attempts of neuroprotection in human clinical trials. We also explore new and emerging approaches for the prevention and treatment of stroke. In this regard, we note that single-target drug therapies for stroke therapy, have thus far universally failed in clinical trials. The need to investigate new targets for stroke treatments, which have pleiotropic therapeutic effects in the brain, is explored as an alternate strategy, and some such possible targets are elaborated. Developing therapeutic treatments for ischemic stroke is an intrinsically difficult endeavour. The heterogeneity of the causes, the anatomical complexity of the brain, and the practicalities of the victim receiving both timely and effective treatment, conspire against developing effective drug therapies. This should in no way be a disincentive to research, but instead, a clarion call to intensify efforts to ameliorate suffering and death from this common health catastrophe. This review aims to summarize both the present experimental and clinical state-of-the art, and to guide future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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15
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Hejčl A, Jendelová P, Syková E. Experimental reconstruction of the injured spinal cord. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 2011:65-95. [PMID: 21997741 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0673-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the spinal cord, with its pathological sequelae, results in a permanent neurological deficit. With currently available tools at hand, there is very little that clinicians can do to treat such a condition with the view of helping patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). On the other hand, in the last 20 years experimental research has brought new insights into the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury; we can divide the time course into 3 phases: primary injury (the time of traumatic impact and the period immediately afterwards), the secondary phase (cell death, inflammation, ischemia), and the chronic phase (scarring, demyelination, cyst formation). Increased knowledge about the pathophysiology of SCI can stimulate the development of new therapeutic modalities and approaches, which may be feasible in the future in clinical practice. Some of the most promising experimental therapies include: neurotrophic factors, enzymes and antibodies against inhibitory molecules (such as Nogo), activated macrophages, stem cells and bridging scaffolds. Their common goal is to reconstitute the damaged tissue in order to recover the lost function. In the current review, we focus on some of the recent developments in experimental SCI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hejčl
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Dong R, Molloy RP, Lindau M, Ober CK. Direct Synthesis of Quaternized Polymer Brushes and Their Application for Guiding Neuronal Growth. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2027-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1003702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Dong
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Raymond P. Molloy
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Manfred Lindau
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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17
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A Morphologic Study on Creation of Neural Network of Cultured Striatal Neurons in vitro Using Soft Lithography Techniques*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2008.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Hejcl A, Lesný P, Prádný M, Sedý J, Zámecník J, Jendelová P, Michálek J, Syková E. Macroporous hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Part 6: 3D hydrogels with positive and negative surface charges and polyelectrolyte complexes in spinal cord injury repair. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:1571-1577. [PMID: 19252968 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Macroporous hydrogels are artificial biomaterials commonly used in tissue engineering, including central nervous system (CNS) repair. Their physical properties may be modified to improve their adhesion properties and promote tissue regeneration. We implanted four types of hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with different surface charges inside a spinal cord hemisection cavity at the Th8 level in rats. The spinal cords were processed 1 and 6 months after implantation and histologically evaluated. Connective tissue deposition was most abundant in the hydrogels with positively-charged functional groups. Axonal regeneration was promoted in hydrogels carrying charged functional groups; hydrogels with positively charged functional groups showed increased axonal ingrowth into the central parts of the implant. Few astrocytes grew into the hydrogels. Our study shows that HEMA-based hydrogels carrying charged functional groups improve axonal ingrowth inside the implants compared to implants without any charge. Further, positively charged functional groups promote connective tissue infiltration and extended axonal regeneration inside a hydrogel bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hejcl
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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19
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Kurkuri MD, Driever C, Johnson G, McFarland G, Thissen H, Voelcker NH. Multifunctional Polymer Coatings for Cell Microarray Applications. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1163-72. [DOI: 10.1021/bm801417s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahaveer D. Kurkuri
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bayview Avenue, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Riverside Corporate Park, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia, and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Riverside Corporate Park, 5 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Chantelle Driever
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bayview Avenue, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Riverside Corporate Park, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia, and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Riverside Corporate Park, 5 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Graham Johnson
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bayview Avenue, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Riverside Corporate Park, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia, and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Riverside Corporate Park, 5 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Gail McFarland
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bayview Avenue, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Riverside Corporate Park, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia, and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Riverside Corporate Park, 5 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Helmut Thissen
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bayview Avenue, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Riverside Corporate Park, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia, and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Riverside Corporate Park, 5 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Bayview Avenue, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Riverside Corporate Park, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia, and CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Riverside Corporate Park, 5 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia
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20
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Lakard B, Ploux L, Anselme K, Lallemand F, Lakard S, Nardin M, Hihn JY. Effect of ultrasounds on the electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole, application to the adhesion and growth of biological cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2009; 75:148-57. [PMID: 19359224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new way to synthesize polypyrrole films is presented. This original way consists in the electropolymerization of polypyrrole under high frequency ultrasonic irradiation on conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide surfaces. The polypyrrole films obtained are then compared, in terms of chemical structure and morphology, to polypyrrole films synthesized by standard electrochemical methodology. Next, these polymer films are tested as an alternative to biomaterials that are commonly used as cell culture substrates. Thus, the adhesion and growth of osteoblastics cells and microbial cells on polymer-modified surfaces are investigated by using qualitative observation and quantitative tests. These studies proved the non-toxicity of the polymer films for osteoblastic and microbial cells but also a different behaviour of osteoblastic cells and microbial cells with polypyrrole films.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lakard
- Institut UTINAM, UMR-CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
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21
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Tare RS, Khan F, Tourniaire G, Morgan SM, Bradley M, Oreffo ROC. A microarray approach to the identification of polyurethanes for the isolation of human skeletal progenitor cells and augmentation of skeletal cell growth. Biomaterials 2008; 30:1045-55. [PMID: 19022500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study has examined the efficacy of a polymer microarray platform to screen a library of polyurethanes for applications such as human skeletal progenitor cell isolation and surface modification of tissue engineering scaffolds to enhance skeletal cell growth and differentiation. Analysis of polyurethane microarrays incubated with adult human bone marrow-derived STRO-1+ skeletal progenitor cells identified 31 polyurethanes (from the entire library of 120 polyurethanes) capable of binding to the STRO-1+ cells. Four polyurethanes (out of the 31 identified in the previous screen) were able to selectively immobilise cells of the STRO-1+ fraction from the heterogeneous human bone marrow mononuclear cell population. These four polyurethanes were highly selective for the STRO-1+ fraction of human bone marrow as they failed to bind STRO-1+ immature osteoblast-like MG63 cells, the STRO-1+ fraction of human fetal skeletal cells and differentiated osteoblast-like SaOs cells. Culture of human bone marrow-derived STRO-1+ cells on fibres of Polyglycolic acid (PGA) fleece surface modified by polyurethane adsorption, in osteogenic conditions, enhanced the expression of early osteogenic genes. Similarly, surface modification of PGA fleece fibres by polyurethane adsorption increased the responsiveness of MG63 cells, cultured on this scaffold, to 1,25 dihydroxy Vitamin D3, as demonstrated by enhanced Osteocalcin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Tare
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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22
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Chen R, Nuhfer NT, Moussa L, Morris HR, Whitmore PM. Silver sulfide nanoparticle assembly obtained by reacting an assembled silver nanoparticle template with hydrogen sulfide gas. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:455604. [PMID: 21832781 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/45/455604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A fast, simple procedure is described for obtaining an assembly of silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag(2)S NPs) on a glass substrate through reaction of a template of an assembled layer of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) gas. The Ag NP template was prepared by assembling a monolayer of spherical Ag NPs (mean diameter of 7.4 nm) on a polyethylenimine-treated glass substrate. Exposure to pure H(2)S for 10 min converted the Ag NPs of the template to Ag(2)S NPs. The resulting Ag(2)S NP assembly, which retains the template nanostructure and particle distribution, was characterized by optical absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning high resolution TEM, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Ag(2)S NPs have a crystal structure of monoclinic acanthite, and while they retained the spherical shape of the original Ag NPs, their mean particle size increased to 8.4 nm due to changes to the crystal structure when the Ag NPs are converted into Ag(2)S NPs. The measured optical absorption edge of the Ag(2)S NP assembly indicated an indirect interband transition with a band gap energy of 1.71 eV. The Ag(2)S NP assembly absorbed light with wavelengths below 725 nm, and the absorbance increased monotonically toward the UV region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Art Conservation Research Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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23
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Bogoch Y, Linial M. Coordinated expression of cytoskeleton regulating genes in the accelerated neurite outgrowth of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:677-90. [PMID: 18201697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The embryonal carcinoma P19 cells provide a model to study neuronal differentiation. Cells that are exposed to retinoic acid become mature neurons within a few days with a pronounced axonal and dendritic polarity. Notably, an accelerated rate of neurite extension characterizes densely but not sparsely plated cells. DNA microarray experiments show maximal differences in gene expression of the dense compared to sparse plated cultures at 18 h after plating. The differentially expressed genes are enriched by functions of cell adhesion and cytoskeletal regulation. Doublecortin, Lis1, Reelin, Map2 and dozens of proteins that regulate cytoskeleton dynamics increase in concordance with a rapid neurite extension. A brief elevation in intracellular cAMP via PKA is sufficient to instigate the phenotype of accelerated neurite extension with no effect on P19 cell fate. Furthermore, we show that the cAMP dependent changes in the expression of cytoskeleton regulators such as doublecortin are restricted to a short time window prior to the establishment of functional neurons. We propose that the wave of gene expression of cytoskeletal regulators that is accompanied by accelerated neurite extension acts in remodeling young developing neurons in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Bogoch
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Israel
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24
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Lakard S, Morrand-Villeneuve N, Lesniewska E, Lakard B, Michel G, Herlem G, Gharbi T, Fahys B. Synthesis of polymer materials for use as cell culture substrates. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Development of an artificial neuronal network with post-mitotic rat fetal hippocampal cells by polyethylenimine. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 23:1221-8. [PMID: 18191562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selection of appropriate surface materials that promote cellular adhesion and growth is an important consideration when designing a simplified neuronal network in vitro. In the past, extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin (LN) or positively charged substances such as poly-l-lysine (PLL) have been used. In this study, we examined the ability of another positively charged polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), to promote neuronal adhesion, growth and the formation of a functional neuronal network in vitro. PEI, PLL and LN were used to produce grid-shape patterns on glass coverslips by micro-contact printing. Post-mitotic neurons from the rat fetal hippocampus were cultured on the different polymers and the viability and morphology of these neurons under serum-free culture conditions were observed using fluorescent microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We show that neurons cultured on the PEI- and PLL-coated surfaces adhered to and extended neurites along the grid-shape patterns, whereas neurons cultured on the LN-coated coverslips clustered into clumps of cells. In addition, we found that the neurons on the PEI and PLL-coated grids survived for more than 2 weeks in serum-free conditions, whereas most neurons cultured on the LN-coated grids died after 1 week. Using AFM, we observed some neurosynapse-like structures near the neuronal soma on PEI-coated coverslips. These findings indicate that PEI is a suitable surface for establishing a functional neuronal network in vitro.
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26
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Segut O, Lakard B, Herlem G, Rauch JY, Jeannot JC, Robert L, Fahys B. Development of miniaturized pH biosensors based on electrosynthesized polymer films. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 597:313-21. [PMID: 17683745 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new type of pH biosensor was developed for biological applications. This biosensor was fabricated using silicon microsystem technology and consists in two platinum microelectrodes. The first microelectrode was coated by an electrosynthesized polymer and acted as the pH sensitive electrode when the second one was coated by a silver layer and was used as the reference electrode. Then, this potentiometric pH miniaturized biosensor based on electrosynthesized polypyrrole or electrosynthesized linear polyethylenimine films was tested. The potentiometric responses appeared reversible and linear to pH changes in the range from pH 4 to 9. More, the responses were fast (less than 1 min for all sensors), they were stable in time since PPy/PEI films were stable during more than 30 days, and no interference was observed. The influence of the polymer thickness was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Segut
- Institut UTINAM, CNRS-UMR 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, Besançon Cedex 25030, France
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27
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Inberg A, Bogoch Y, Bledi Y, Linial M. Cellular processes underlying maturation of P19 neurons: Changes in protein folding regimen and cytoskeleton organization. Proteomics 2007; 7:910-20. [PMID: 17370269 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Embryonal carcinoma P19 cells provide an ideal model to study molecular programs along differentiation. Upon induction by retinoic acid (RA), the cells undergo a program of differentiation that generates functioning neurons within 60 h. RA induced cells that were plated as sparse (1000 cells/mm(2)) or dense (4000 cells/mm(2)) cultures showed a marked difference in the culture morphology with the dense cultures exhibiting rapid maturation and accelerated neurite outgrowth. The protein expression levels of the sparse and dense cultures were compared 48 h following RA. Cell extracts were separated by 1-DE and 2-DE and differential expression (>four-fold) proteins were identified by MS. Here, we focus on 20 proteins associated with cytoskeletal regulation and stress-dependent protein refolding. The first group includes drebrin, cofilin, alpha-internexin, vimentin, and nestin. Among the proteins in the second group are subunits of the TCP-1, and several chaperones of the Hsp70 and Hsp90 families. We show that coordinated remodeling of the cytoskeleton and modulations in chaperone activity underlie the change in neurite extension rate. Furthermore, a proteomics-based analysis applied on P19 neurons demonstrated pathways underlying neuronal outgrowth, suggesting that a malfunction of such pathways leads to neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Inberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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28
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Dahl JA, Collas P. Q2ChIP, a Quick and Quantitative Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay, Unravels Epigenetic Dynamics of Developmentally Regulated Genes in Human Carcinoma Cells. Stem Cells 2007; 25:1037-46. [PMID: 17272500 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a key technique for studying protein-DNA interactions and mapping epigenetic histone modifications on DNA. Current ChIP protocols require extensive sample handling and large cell numbers. We developed a quick and quantitative (Q(2))ChIP assay suitable for histone and transcription factor immunoprecipitation from chromatin amounts equivalent to as few as 100 cells. DNA-protein cross-linking in suspension in presence of butyrate, elimination of background chromatin through a tube shift after washes, and a combination of cross-link reversal, protein digestion, increased antibody-bead to chromatin ratio, and DNA elution into a single step considerably improve ChIP efficiency and shorten the procedure. We used Q(2)ChIP to monitor changes in histone H3 modifications on the 5' regulatory regions of the developmentally regulated genes OCT4, NANOG, LMNA, and PAX6 in the context of retinoic-acid-mediated human embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of precipitated DNA unravels biphasic heterochromatin assembly on OCT4 and NANOG, involving H3 lysine (K)9 and K27 methylation followed by H3K9 deacetylation and additional H3K27 trimethylation. Di- and trimethylation of H3K4 remain relatively unaltered. In contrast, PAX6 displays histone modifications characteristic of repressed genes with potential for activation in undifferentiated cells. PAX6 undergoes H3K9 acetylation and enhanced H3K4 trimethylation upon transcriptional activation. Q(2)ChIP of the transcription factor Oct4 demonstrates its dissociation from the NANOG promoter upon differentiation. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to reveal histone modification changes on human OCT4 and NANOG regulatory sequences. The results demonstrate ordered chromatin rearrangement on developmentally regulated promoters upon differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Arne Dahl
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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29
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Liu BF, Ma J, Xu QY, Cui FZ. Regulation of charged groups and laminin patterns for selective neuronal adhesion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 53:175-8. [PMID: 17046215 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary neuronal cultures on substrates patterned with extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin have yielded much information regarding the physiological characteristics of neuronal cells in vitro. Surface charge also influences neuronal adherence, and a positive charge can have stimulatory effects. The attraction between laminin patterns and polycation films are of interest in the study of neuronal adhesion. We cultured primary hippocampal neurons on poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) films with laminin grids and evaluated their viability and morphology by means of fluorescent microscopy after 5-7 days. The results showed that the neurons did not form networks on the laminin grids. It is inferred that the PEI films were more favourable for neuronal adhesion than the laminin grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Liu
- Beijing Institute for Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing center for Neural Regeneration & Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100069, PR China
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30
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Mant A, Tourniaire G, Diaz-Mochon JJ, Elliott TJ, Williams AP, Bradley M. Polymer microarrays: identification of substrates for phagocytosis assays. Biomaterials 2006; 27:5299-306. [PMID: 16808972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A polymer microarray of 120 polyurethanes was used to identify polymers that promoted the adhesion of bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC). Identified polymers were coated onto glass cover slips and shown to be efficient substrates for the immobilisation of these primary cells, which underwent efficient phagocytosis while still presumably maintaining their immature state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mant
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Mail Point 824, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, Hants SO16 6YD, UK
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Trimpert C, Boese G, Albrecht W, Richau K, Weigel T, Lendlein A, Groth T. Poly(ether imide) Membranes Modified with Poly(ethylene imine) as Potential Carriers for Epidermal Substitutes. Macromol Biosci 2006; 6:274-84. [PMID: 16565943 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200500238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ether imide) (PEI) membranes were modified with a linear low-molecular weight (PETIM_0.6) and a branched high-molecular weight poly(ethylene imine) (PETIM_60). The membrane surfaces became more hydrophilic and the zeta potentials were shifted from negative to positive zeta values after immobilisation of both PETIM. These measurements also indicated the presence of a swollen surface layer in the case of PETIM_60, while a regular structuring of the surface was observed with scanning force microscopy for PETIM_0.6. A human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was cultured on the different membranes. It was found that HaCaT cell growth was stimulated by PETIM_0.6. Cells reached earlier confluence on this substratum, while their growth was inhibited on a PEI membrane modified with PETIM_60, which makes PEI membranes modified with PETIM_0.6 a promising material for in vitro culture of epidermal transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Trimpert
- GKSS Research Centre, Institute of Polymer Research, Kantstrasse 55, D-14513 Teltow, Germany
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Jedlicka SS, McKenzie JL, Leavesley SJ, Little KM, Webster TJ, Robinson JP, Nivens DE, Rickus JL. Sol-gel derived materials as substrates for neuronal differentiation: effects of surface features and protein conformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b602008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lakard S, Herlem G, Valles-Villareal N, Michel G, Propper A, Gharbi T, Fahys B. Culture of neural cells on polymers coated surfaces for biosensor applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1946-54. [PMID: 15741062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We focused our study on the olfactory cells growth on biocompatible polymer films electrodeposited on a silicon microsystem. Several substrates such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), polypropyleneimine (PPI), and polypyrrole (PPy), acting as potentially good candidates for cell culture, were tested in order to allow cells to adhere and proliferate. During their growth, the evolution of their morphology was monitored using both confocal microscope and immunohistochemistry, leading to the conclusion of a normal development. An estimation of the adhesion and proliferation rates of rat neuronal cell cultures indicated that PEI and PPI were the best substrates for cultivating olfactory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lakard
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Materials and Interfaces, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France.
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Use of polyethyleneimine polymer in cell culture as attachment factor and lipofection enhancer. BMC Biotechnol 2004; 4:23. [PMID: 15485583 PMCID: PMC526208 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-4-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several cell lines and primary cultures benefit from the use of positively charged extracellular matrix proteins or polymers that enhance their ability to attach to culture plates. Polyethyleneimine is a positively charged polymer that has gained recent attention as a transfection reagent. A less known use of this cationic polymer as an attachment factor was explored with several cell lines. Results Polyethyleneimine compared favorably to traditional attachment factors such as collagen and polylysine. PC-12 and HEK-293 cells plated on dishes coated with polyethyleneimine showed a homogeneous distribution of cells in the plate, demonstrating strong cell adhesion that survived washing procedures. The polymer could also be used to enhance the adherence and allow axonal outgrowth from zebrafish retinal explants. The effects of this coating agent on the transfection of loosely attaching cell lines were studied. Pre-coating with polyethyleneimine had the effect of enhancing the transfection yield in procedures using lipofection reagents. Conclusion Polyethyleneimine is an effective attachment factor for weakly anchoring cell lines and primary cells. Its use in lipofection protocols makes the procedures more reliable and increases the yield of expressed products with commonly used cell lines such as PC-12 and HEK-293 cells.
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Lakard S, Herlem G, Propper A, Kastner A, Michel G, Vallès-Villarreal N, Gharbi T, Fahys B. Adhesion and proliferation of cells on new polymers modified biomaterials. Bioelectrochemistry 2004; 62:19-27. [PMID: 14990322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2003] [Revised: 09/11/2003] [Accepted: 09/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Up to today, several techniques have been used to maintain cells in culture for studying many aspects of cell biology and physiology. More often, cell culture is dependent on proper anchorage of cells to the growth surface. Poly-l-lysine is commonly used as adhesive molecule. In this study, we present, as an alternative to poly-l-lysine, new polymer film substrates, realized by electropolymerization of different monomers on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) surfaces since electropolymerization is a good method to coat selectively metallic or semiconducting electrodes with polymer films. So, the adhesion, proliferation and morphology of rat neuronal cell lines were investigated on polymer treated surfaces. Several amine-based biocompatible polymers were tested: polyethyleneimine (PEI), polypropyleneimine (PPI), polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(p-phenylenediamine) (PPPD). These polymer films were coated on FTO surfaces by electrochemical oxidation. After 8 h in a culture medium, a high percentage of cells was found to be attached to PEI and PPI compared to the other polymers and to the reference surfaces (glass and FTO uncovered). After 24 and 72 h in the culture medium, cells were found to proliferate faster on PEI and PPI than on other polymers and reference surfaces. Consequently, cells have a greater fold expansion on PEI and PPI than on PPPD, PPy or glass and FTO uncoated. From these results, we deduce that PEI and PPI can be useful as coating surface to cultivate neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lakard
- Laboratory of Chemistry Materials and Interfaces, UFR Sciences et Technique, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, Batiment Propedeutique, 25030 Besançon, France.
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