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Rocha Aguiar G, Leda Gomes de Lemos T, Braz-Filho R, Marques da Fonseca A, Silva Marinho E, Vasconcelos Ribeiro PR, Marques Canuto K, Queiroz Monte FJ. Synthesis and in silico study of chenodeoxycholic acid and its analogues as an alternative inhibitor of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8334-8348. [PMID: 36218138 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2133010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a viral infection that has generated one of the most significant health problems in the world. Spike glycoprotein is a crucial enzyme in viral replication and transcription mediation. There are reports in the literature on using bile acid in the fight against this virus through in vitro tests. This work presents the synthesis of nine chenodeoxycholic acid derivatives (1-9), which were prepared by oxidation, acetylation, formylation, and esterification reactions, and the analogs 6-9 have not yet been reported in the literature and the possibility of conducting an in silico study of bile acid derivatives as a therapeutic alternative to combat the virus using glycoprotein as a macromolecular target. As a result, five compounds (1, 6-9) possessed favorable competitive interactions with the lowest energies compared to the native ligand (BLA), and the highlighted compound 9 got the best scores. At the same time, analog 1 presented the best ADME filter result. Molecular dynamics also simulated these compounds to verify their stability within the active protein site to seek new therapeutic propositions to fight against the pandemic. Physical and spectroscopic data have fully characterized all the compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Rocha Aguiar
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | | | - Raimundo Braz-Filho
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Aluísio Marques da Fonseca
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção-CE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Matos, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte-CE, Brazil
| | | | - Kirley Marques Canuto
- Laboratório multiusuário de Química de Produtos Naturais, Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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2
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Han YT, Yun H. Concise and Efficient Synthesis of 3,7-Dioxo-5β-cholanic Acid via C3,C7-Selective Ketal Protection. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2017.1291005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Gubitosi M, Meijide F, D'Annibale A, Vázquez Tato J, Jover A, Galantini L, Travaglini L, di Gregorio MC, Pavel NV. Crystal structure of a lithium salt of a glucosyl derivative of lithocholic acid. Steroids 2016; 113:87-94. [PMID: 27394960 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a Li(+) salt of a glucosyl derivative of lithocholic acid (lithium 3α-(α-d-glucopyranosyl)-5β-cholan-24-oate) has been solved. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system, P212121 spatial group, and includes acetone and water in the structure with a 1:1:2 stoichiometry. Monolayers, having a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic edges, are recognized in the crystal structure. Li(+) is coordinated to three hydroxyl groups of three different glucose residues, with two of them belonging to the same monolayer. A fourth molecule, located in this monolayer, is involved in the coordination of the cation through the carboxylate ion by an electrostatic interaction, thus completing a distorted tetrahedron. All Li(+)-oxygen distances values are very close to the sum of the ionic radius of Li(+) and van der Waals radius of oxygen. Each steroid molecule is linked to other five steroid molecules through hydrogen bonds. Water and acetone are also involved in the hydrogen bond network. A hierarchical organization can be recognized in the crystal, the helical assembly along 21 screw axes being left-handed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gubitosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francisco Meijide
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Andrea D'Annibale
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - José Vázquez Tato
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Aida Jover
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Leana Travaglini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Nicolae V Pavel
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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4
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Iida T, Namegawa K, Nakane N, Iida K, Hofmann AF, Omura K. Chemical Synthesis of Uncommon Natural Bile Acids: The 9α-Hydroxy Derivatives of Chenodeoxycholic and Lithocholic Acids. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1397-402. [PMID: 27319285 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of the 9α-hydroxy derivatives of chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic acids is reported. For initiating the synthesis of the 9α-hydroxy derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid was used; for the synthesis of the 9α-hydroxy derivative of lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid was used. The principal reactions involved were (1) decarbonylation of conjugated 12-oxo-Δ(9(11))-derivatives using in situ generated monochloroalane (AlH2Cl) prepared from LiAlH4 and AlCl3, (2) epoxidation of the deoxygenated Δ(9(11))-enes using m-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by 4,4'-thiobis-(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), (3) subsequent Markovnikov 9α-hydroxylation of the Δ(9(11))-enes with AlH2Cl, and (4) selective oxidation of the primary hydroxyl group at C-24 in the resulting 3α,9α,24-triol and 3α,7α,9α,24-tetrol to the corresponding C-24 carboxylic acids using sodium chlorite (NaClO2) in the presence of a catalytic amount of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl free radical (TEMPO) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectra are reported. The 3α,7α,9α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid has been reported to be present in the bile of the Asian bear, and its 7-deoxy derivative is likely to be a bacterial metabolite. These bile acids are now available as authentic reference standards, permitting their identification in vertebrate bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iida
- College of Humanities & Sciences, Nihon University
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-741, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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6
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Skiera I, Paryzek Z. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterisation of O-Chlorocarbonyl Derivatives of Bile Acid Methyl Esters. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x14114811614153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of O-chlorocarbonyl derivatives of a series of bile acid methyl esters is described. The steroidal chloroformate esters were prepared by the reaction of the respective hydroxy derivatives with triphosgene–pyridine in benzene at 25 °C. The O-chlorocarbonyl derivatives were characterised by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Skiera
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Paryzek
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Bile acid alkylamide derivatives as low molecular weight organogelators: Systematic gelation studies and qualitative structural analysis of the systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:633-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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BHAT SHREEDHAR, VALKONEN ARTO, KOIVUKORPI JUHA, AMBIKA ANUPAMA, KOLEHMAINEN ERKKI, MAITRA UDAY, RISSANEN KARI. Pyrene appended bile acid conjugates: Synthesis and a structure–gelation property study. J CHEM SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-011-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Koivukorpi J, Kolehmainen E. Synthesis of both ionic species of ammonium dithiocarbamate derived cholic acid moieties. Molecules 2011; 16:6306-12. [PMID: 21792148 PMCID: PMC6264747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of 3-aminopropylamide of cholic acid with CS2 produced a bile acid derivative of dithiocarbamic acid which further formed an ammonium salt with another molecule of 3-aminopropylamide of cholic acid. The cationic 3-ammonium propylamide of cholic acid did not react further with CS2 and the formed salt was stable in the reaction mixture, even when excess CS2 was used. When the reaction was carried out in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide, only the bile acid derivative of sodium dithiocarbamate was formed. The dithiocarbamate derivatives were characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and ESI-TOF mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erkki Kolehmainen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +358-14260-2653
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10
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Dias JR, Gao H. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance data of lanosterol derivatives--profiling the steric topology of the steroid skeleton via substituent effects on its 13C NMR. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:1064-1071. [PMID: 19800838 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The (13)C NMR spectra of over 24 tetracyclic triterpenoid derivatives have been structurally analyzed. The (13)C NMR chemical shifts allow one to probe the steric topology of the rigid steroid skeleton and inductive effects of its substituents. Use of deuterium labeling in chemical shift assignment and B-ring aromatic terpenoids are also featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Ray Dias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110-2499, USA.
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11
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Facile synthesis of 5β-cholane-sym-triazine conjugates starting from metformin and bile acid methyl esters: Liquid and solid state NMR characterization and single crystal structure of lithocholyl triazine. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Jurcek O, Wimmer Z, Svobodová H, Bennettová B, Kolehmainen E, Drasar P. Preparation and preliminary biological screening of cholic acid-juvenoid conjugates. Steroids 2009; 74:779-85. [PMID: 19394354 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal compounds have been utilized as carriers and for modification of physico-chemical properties of model biologically active secondary alcohols - juvenoids. Juvenoids are juvenile hormone analogues - environmentally safe insecticides, possessing significant biological activity towards different arthropods groups in focus on insect pest species. Structure modification of juvenoids plays important role to control the rate of liberation and decomposition of juvenoid in digestive system and can also play important role in the mode of action towards selected insect. This study presents an approach to the synthesis of steroidal monomers and dimers carrying one and two molecules of a juvenoid in their structures. The prepared compounds were tested for their inhibition activity on reproduction of the blowfly Neobellieria (Sarcophaga) bullata. These steroid-juvenoid conjugates showed promising possibilities in synthesis of new unique biochemical insecticides. Preliminary biological test results of prepared compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Jurcek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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13
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Kolehmainen E, Lahtinen M, Valkonen A, Behera B, Kauppinen R. N,N-Di-n-octyl-N,N-dimethyl and N,N-di-n-nonyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium cholates: 13C and 15N CPMAS NMR, powder X-ray diffraction and thermoanalytical characterization. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Synthesis and characterization of novel bile-acid – heteroaryl conjugates with N-(2-aminoethyl)amido linker. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Valkonen A, Lahtinen M, Kolehmainen E. Syntheses and structural study of bile acid amidoalcohols. Steroids 2008; 73:1228-41. [PMID: 18638497 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preparation, structural and thermoanalytical characterization of fourteen N-hydroxyalkyl 5beta-cholan-24-amides have been performed in this study. The utilized techniques include liquid state and CP-MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and also powder and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The results were discussed and compared to each other and also to previous findings on similar compounds. One pure hydrate form was obtained. Six new single crystal structures were determined, including one hydrated chloroform solvate. Decomposition temperatures were found to correlate with the side chain length, and the number of the hydroxyl groups. The spatial direction of the groups in the steroid skeleton was also found to be relevant in predicting the thermal properties of bile acid amidoalcohols studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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16
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17
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Valkonen A, Lahtinen M, Tamminen J, Kolehmainen E. Solid state structural studies of five bile acid derivatives. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Joachimiak R, Piasecka M, Paryzek Z. Synthesis of Novel Amide-Linked Dimers of Lithocholic Acid. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.3184/030823408x318325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of lithocholic amides and amide-linked dimers under mild conditions is described. New o-, m- and p-phenylenediamine-derived dimers of lithocholic acid were synthesised by the activation of the carboxyl group of the bile acid as a mixed anhydride resulting from the reaction of the acid with ethyl chloroformate. The reduction of lithocholic amides afforded the corresponding 24-amino-5β-cholane derivatives. All compounds were characterised by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Joachimiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Pozna, Poland
| | - Monika Piasecka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Pozna, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Paryzek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Pozna, Poland
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19
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Koivukorpi J, Kolehmainen E. Design, synthesis and spectral studies of novel bile acid-arene conjugates: Trans to cis isomerization of azobenzene core controlled by bile acid hydrophobicity. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Valkonen A, Sievänen E, Ikonen S, Lukashev NV, Donez PA, Averin AD, Lahtinen M, Kolehmainen E. Novel lithocholaphanes: Syntheses, NMR, MS, and molecular modeling studies. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Karabulut HF, Rashdan SA, Dias JR. Notable chenodeoxycholic acid oligomers—synthesis, characterization, and 7α-OR steric hindrance evaluation. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Verzele D, Madder A. Short Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected 3α,12α-Diamino-5β-cholan-24-oic Acid, a Dipodal Steroid Scaffold for Combinatorial Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Tian Z, Cui H, Wang Y. SYNTHESIS OF LINEAR AND CYCLIC DIMERIC ESTER DERIVATIVES FROM BILE ACIDS AND GLYCINE. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120015401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Tian
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, 100094, P.R. China
| | - Hong Cui
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing, 100094, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- b Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical , Beijing, 100050, P.R. China
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24
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Dallstream C, Dias JR. DIMERIZATION OF LITHOCHOLATE UNSATURATED ESTERS USING THE ‘SECOND GENERATION’ GRUBBS' REAGENT. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940609355995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Valkonen A, Lahtinen M, Virtanen E, Kaikkonen S, Kolehmainen E. Bile acid amidoalcohols: simple organogelators. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 20:1233-41. [PMID: 15556372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 04/22/2004] [Accepted: 06/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple bile acid amide synthesis of lithocholic and deoxycholic acids with 2-aminoethanol and 3-aminopropanol are reported. The structural properties of these amides were examined by NMR spectroscopic, ESI-TOF mass spectral, and X-ray crystallographic methods. The gelation properties of these amides in common organic solvents and in three different water solutions were also investigated using Tyndall effect, SEM, TEM, and optical microscopy. 2-Hydroxyethylamides were found to be effective gelators in chlorinated organic solvents and 3-hydroxypropylamides in aromatic solvents. Both derivatives thicken neutral and acidic water solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto Valkonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Abstract
A bile acid derivative, methyl cholate (1), was isolated from EtOAc extract of the fungus Rhizopus oryzae as a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor. It showed moderate inhibitory activity on cholesterol biosynthesis in human Chang liver cells. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effect on the later step of cholesterol biosynthesis, indicating that its action mode is different from that of statins that act on the HMG-CoA reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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27
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Virtanen E, Valkonen A, Tamminen J, Kolehmainen E. Comparison of calculated DFT/B3LYP and experimental 13C and 17O NMR chemical shifts, ab initio HF/6-31G* optimised structures, and single crystal X-ray structures of some substituted methyl 5β-cholan-24-oates. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(03)00156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Virtanen E, Nissinen M, Suontamo R, Tamminen J, Kolehmainen E. Comparison of epimeric methyl lithocholate and methyl iso-lithocholate molecules: single crystal X-ray structure of methyl lithocholate, ab initio HF/6-31G* optimized structures and experimental and calculated DFT/B3LYP 13C NMR chemical shifts. J Mol Struct 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(02)00476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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