1
|
Demarchi LHF, Bandeira LM, Taira DL, Zardin MCSU, Ibanhes ML, Esposito AOP, de Arruda LDC, Gonçalves CCM, Weis-Torres SMDS, Cesar GA, da Cunha RV, Tanaka TSO, Puga MAM, de Rezende GR, Lopes RB, Uehara SNDO, Pinho JRR, Carrilho FJ, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Motta-Castro ARC. Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Japanese Immigrants and Descendants: The Need to Strengthen Preventive and Control Measures. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051085. [PMID: 35632826 PMCID: PMC9145874 DOI: 10.3390/v14051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus infection among Japanese immigrants and their descendants from São Paulo (SP), and to verify the occurrence of occult hepatitis B and coinfection with HCV, Delta, and HTLV. All samples (n = 2.127) were tested for HBV serological markers by electrochemiluminescence. HBsAg and/or total anti-HBc positive samples were tested for HBV DNA by real-time PCR, and genotyped by sequencing using the Sanger methodology. The prevalence rate of HBV exposure was 13.4% (CI 95%: 11.9–14.9%), and 22 (1.1%) were HBsAg positive. A high rate of susceptibility to HBV infection was found (67.4%; CI 95%: 65.4–69.4%). In contrast, only 19.2% (CI 95%: 17.6–20.9%) presented a serological profile analogous to that elicited by Hepatitis B vaccination. HBV isolates (n = 8) were classified as genotypes HBV/B1 (62.5%), HBV/C2 (12.5%), HBV/F1b (12.5%), and HBV/A1 (12.5%). Hepatitis B vaccination strategies and educational measures to control this infection should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Ferraz Demarchi
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Mato Grosso do Sul/SES/MS, Campo Grande 79080-320, Brazil; (D.L.T.); (M.C.S.U.Z.); (M.L.I.); (A.O.P.E.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.F.D.); (L.M.B.); (A.R.C.M.-C.)
| | - Larissa Melo Bandeira
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.M.d.S.W.-T.); (G.A.C.); (T.S.O.T.); (M.A.M.P.); (G.R.d.R.); (S.N.d.O.U.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.F.D.); (L.M.B.); (A.R.C.M.-C.)
| | - Deborah Ledesma Taira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Mato Grosso do Sul/SES/MS, Campo Grande 79080-320, Brazil; (D.L.T.); (M.C.S.U.Z.); (M.L.I.); (A.O.P.E.)
| | - Marina Castilhos Souza Umaki Zardin
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Mato Grosso do Sul/SES/MS, Campo Grande 79080-320, Brazil; (D.L.T.); (M.C.S.U.Z.); (M.L.I.); (A.O.P.E.)
| | - Mary Luizia Ibanhes
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Mato Grosso do Sul/SES/MS, Campo Grande 79080-320, Brazil; (D.L.T.); (M.C.S.U.Z.); (M.L.I.); (A.O.P.E.)
| | - Ana Olivia Pascoto Esposito
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública de Mato Grosso do Sul/SES/MS, Campo Grande 79080-320, Brazil; (D.L.T.); (M.C.S.U.Z.); (M.L.I.); (A.O.P.E.)
| | | | | | - Sabrina Moreira dos Santos Weis-Torres
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.M.d.S.W.-T.); (G.A.C.); (T.S.O.T.); (M.A.M.P.); (G.R.d.R.); (S.N.d.O.U.)
| | - Gabriela Alves Cesar
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.M.d.S.W.-T.); (G.A.C.); (T.S.O.T.); (M.A.M.P.); (G.R.d.R.); (S.N.d.O.U.)
| | | | - Tayana Serpa Ortiz Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.M.d.S.W.-T.); (G.A.C.); (T.S.O.T.); (M.A.M.P.); (G.R.d.R.); (S.N.d.O.U.)
| | - Marco Antonio Moreira Puga
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.M.d.S.W.-T.); (G.A.C.); (T.S.O.T.); (M.A.M.P.); (G.R.d.R.); (S.N.d.O.U.)
| | - Grazielli Rocha de Rezende
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.M.d.S.W.-T.); (G.A.C.); (T.S.O.T.); (M.A.M.P.); (G.R.d.R.); (S.N.d.O.U.)
| | - Roberta Barbosa Lopes
- Secretaria Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde SVS, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70740-610, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Naomi de Oliveira Uehara
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.M.d.S.W.-T.); (G.A.C.); (T.S.O.T.); (M.A.M.P.); (G.R.d.R.); (S.N.d.O.U.)
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (J.R.R.P.); (F.J.C.); (M.S.G.-G.)
| | - Flair Jose Carrilho
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (J.R.R.P.); (F.J.C.); (M.S.G.-G.)
| | - Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (J.R.R.P.); (F.J.C.); (M.S.G.-G.)
| | - Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (S.M.d.S.W.-T.); (G.A.C.); (T.S.O.T.); (M.A.M.P.); (G.R.d.R.); (S.N.d.O.U.)
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande 79081-746, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.H.F.D.); (L.M.B.); (A.R.C.M.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mojsiejczuk L, Torres C, Flichman D, Campos RH. Long-term evolution of hepatitis B virus genotype F: Strong association between viral diversification and the prehistoric settlement of Central and South America. J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:620-630. [PMID: 32052519 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genotype F (HBV-F) is an autochthonous Native American strain of the hepatitis B virus. In this study, we reconstruct the HBV-F long-term evolution under a hypothesis of co-divergence with humans in Central and South America, since their entry into the region 14.5-16 thousand years ago. The Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction supported a virus-host co-expansion; however, two evolutionary scenarios would have been present. Whereas subgenotype F1 spreads along a Pacific coastal route and would have evolved associated with Central American and Andean cultures from the west of the continent, subgenotypes F2-F6 spread along the Atlantic coastline and inner pathways associated with communities inhabiting the tropical forest lowlands. Then, we propose a model for HBV-F evolution in which the selection of differential biological characteristics in these two main groups would be related to their evolution in host populations with different genetic backgrounds and dissimilar demographic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mojsiejczuk
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Torres
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Flichman
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Héctor Campos
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lago BV, do Espirito-Santo MP, Costa VD, Marques VA, Villar LM, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Mello FCA. Genetic Diversity of the Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotypes in Brazil. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090860. [PMID: 31540166 PMCID: PMC6784006 DOI: 10.3390/v11090860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotypes may be related to clinical outcomes and response to antiviral therapy. Most Brazilian studies on HBV subgenotypes are restricted to some regions and to specific population groups. Here, we provide an insight about genetic diversity of HBV subgenotypes in 321 serum samples from all five geographical regions, providing a representative overview of their circulation among chronic carriers. Overall, HBV/A1 was the most prevalent subgenotype, being found as the major one in all regions except in South Brazil. Among HBV/D samples, subgenotype D3 was the most prevalent, found in 51.5%, followed by D2 (27.3%) and D4 (21.2%). D2 and D3 were the most prevalent subgenotypes in South region, with high similarity with European strains. D4 was found in North and Northeast region and clustered with strains from Cape Verde and India. For HBV/F, the most frequent subgenotype was F2 (84.1%), followed by F4 (10.1%) and F1 (5.8%), closely related with strains from Venezuela, Argentina and Chile, respectively. Phylogeographic analyses were performed using an HBV full-length genome obtained from samples infected with genotypes rarely found in Brazil (B, C, and E). According to Bayesian inference, HBV/B2 and HBV/C2 were probably introduced in Brazil through China, and HBV/E from Guinea, all of them mostly linked to recent events of human migration. In conclusion, this study provided a comprehensive overview of the current circulation of HBV subgenotypes in Brazil. Our findings might contribute to a better understand of the dynamics of viral variants, to establish a permanent molecular surveillance on the introduction and dispersion patterns of new strains and, thus, to support public policies to control HBV dissemination in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara V Lago
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcia P do Espirito-Santo
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa D Costa
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa A Marques
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Livia M Villar
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Lia L Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mojsiejczuk L, Elizalde MM, López G, Figueredo D, Marquez N, Campos RH, Flichman D. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Paraguay. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 71:91-97. [PMID: 30910532 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of severe chronic liver disease worldwide. The HBV epidemiology in Latin American countries is complex and the data is still scanty and fragmentary. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of HBV genotypes in Paraguay and to estimate the viral population dynamic and spread pattern of the main phylogenetic group. To this end, partial and complete genome sequences were obtained from 60 blood donor candidates and analysed by phylogenetic and Bayesian phylodynamic approaches. The phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of partial Polymerase/Pre-S1 overlapping region showed a predominance of the Native American subgenotype F4 (81.7%), the presence of the European subgenotypes A2 (1.7%) and D3 (8.3%), the African subgenotype A1 (3, 5%) and the Asian subgenotypes B2 (1.7%) and C2 (1.7%). The distribution of HBV genotypes was in accordance with the ethnic composition of the population. The phylogeographic analysis of subgenotype F4 complete genomes suggests that this lineage emerged and spread in the last 300 years. Paraguay was the most probable location of the common ancestor. The lineage diverged into two main clades and spread to neighbor regions, mainly Bolivia and Northwest Argentina, and Buenos Aires. The phylogeny showed a scanty geographical structure and a complex migratory pattern. In conclusion, the HBV genotypes circulating in Paraguay reflect the ethnic origin of the population. The distribution of genotypes and the phylogeographic reconstruction showed the impact of both global and local migrations in shaping the HBV molecular epidemiology in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mojsiejczuk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Mercedes Elizalde
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Gladys López
- Laboratorio de Referencia del Programa Nacional de Control de VIH y otras ITS, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Avda. Pettirossi esq. Brasil, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Diego Figueredo
- Red Nacional de Servicios de Sangre del Programa Nacional de Sangre, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Avda. Pettirossi esq. Brasil, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Nelson Marquez
- Red Nacional de Servicios de Sangre del Programa Nacional de Sangre, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Avda. Pettirossi esq. Brasil, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Rodolfo Héctor Campos
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Diego Flichman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Virología, Junín 956 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genetic variability in coding regions of the surface antigen and reverse transcriptase domain of hepatitis B virus polymerase, Colombia, 2002-2014. BIOMEDICA 2018; 38:37-50. [PMID: 30184362 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v38i3.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the availability of an effective vaccine and treatment to reduce the viral load and progressive hepatocellular injury, approximately 240 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). In Colombia, the circulation of different viral genotypes has been confirmed. Mutations in the genome have been associated to antiviral therapy resistance, viral escape to neutralizing antibodies, occult infection and progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective: To identify the genotypes and the presence of mutations in the coding region of the surface (S) antigen and the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of the polymerase of HBV obtained from serum samples for hepatitis B diagnosis received by the Instituto Nacional de Salud during the period 2002-2014.
Materials and methods: A total of 495 serum samples with previous HBsAg reactive result were used for molecular detection. A fragment of 1,591 nucleotides was sequenced, and the corresponding phylogenetic analysis was performed.
Results: We detected the viral genome of HBV in 66 samples and 28 were successfully sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis allowed the identification of subgenotypes F3 and A2. The L180M and M204V resistance mutations were simultaneously identified in one sample, while the I169L resistance mutation was identified in another one. A single escape mutation, P120Q, was identified in one more. Two samples showed a deletion of 105 nucleotides in the preS1-preS2 region.
Conclusions: The circulation of genotypes/subgenotypes F3 and A2 of HBV in Colombia was corroborated, as well as the presence of some resistance and escape mutations. The present study constitutes a contribution to the molecular epidemiology of HBV in Colombia.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarma MP, Bhattacharjee M, Kar P, Medhi S. Detection of HBV Genotype C in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients from North East India: a Brief Report. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1741-1746. [PMID: 30049181 PMCID: PMC6165653 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.7.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Newer genotypes of HBV have been reported from India. This study was aimed to
determine the circulating genotypes of HBV in hepatocellular carcinoma patients from three different geographical
locations of India. Methods: 141 HBV related HCC cases were included from three different hospitals across the country.
Genotyping of HBV was performed by PCR using type specific primers specially designed in 70 cases. Samples of
interest were confirmed by direct sequencing of the precore/core region of HBV genome. Results: Genotypes could
be detected in 40 (57.14%) out of the 70 HBV DNA positive HCC cases by type specific primers. HBV genotype D
was documented in 20 (50%), genotype A in 10 (25.0%) and genotype C in 10 (25.0%) of these HCC cases. Genotype
C of HBV was detected only in the samples from North East India. No significant difference was observed for the
biochemical profile. Conclusion: Although Genotype D is the major HBV genotype in India followed by A, detection
of HBV genotypes C in HCC patients indicates a changing epidemiology of the virus in India that may require region
based management of the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manash P Sarma
- PCR Hepatitis Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Assam, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Castro Sant' Anna C, de Almeida MKC, Ferreira P, de Oliveira RG, Ferreira Baraúna AR, Costa Gonçalvez E, Marinho da Silva A, de Souza Pereira C, Martins LC. Prevalence of occult hepatitis B in a population from the Brazilian Amazon region. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1063-1070. [PMID: 29446468 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the prevalence of occult hepatitis B (OBI) in a population from the Brazilian Amazon region, identify circulating genotypes, and mutations in the S gene. One hundred eighty-one patients with negative serology for HBsAg and anti-HBs and positive serology for anti-HBc participated in the study. Detection of viral DNA, genotyping by sequencing, and analysis of nucleotide sequences to detect possible mutations were performed. HBV DNA was detected in 14.36% of the patients. Genotyping revealed genotype A in 88.46% of HBV DNA-positive subjects, with subgenotype A1 being the most prevalent (78.26%) followed by subgenotype A2 (21.74%). Genotype F was detected in 11.54% (all of them subgenotype F2). Amino acid substitutions were observed in the amplified S gene in individuals with OBI compared to HBsAg-positive individuals (evident infection). In conclusion, the results show a high prevalence of OBI in the population studied, with a pattern of genotypes A and F that circulate in the Brazilian Amazon region. Amino acid substitutions were detected in part of the S gene in patients with OBI. Further studies on the molecular epidemiology of HBV in this region are important to identify patients considered healthy but who are potential transmitters of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Castro Sant' Anna
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcella Kelly Costa de Almeida
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Ferreira
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Roseane Gomes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anna Rafaella Ferreira Baraúna
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Marinho da Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Souza Pereira
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luisa Caricio Martins
- Laboratório de Patologia de Doenças Tropicais, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jaramillo CM, de La Hoz F, Porras A, di Filippo D, Choconta-Piraquive LA, Payares E, Montes N, Navas MC. Characterization of hepatitis B virus in Amerindian children and mothers from Amazonas State, Colombia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181643. [PMID: 29016603 PMCID: PMC5634536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. In the 1980's a highly effective and safe vaccine against HBV was developed, although breakthrough infection still occasionally occurs because of the emergence of escape mutants. The aim of this study was to identify HBV genotypes and escape mutants in children and their mothers in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas State, Southern Colombia. METHODS Blood specimens collected from children and mothers belonging to 37 Amerindian communities in Amazonas state, were screened for HBsAg and anti-HBc using ELISA. The partial region containing the S ORF was amplified by nested PCR, and amplicons were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using the MEGA 5.05 software. RESULTS Forty-six children (46/1275, 3.6%) and one hundred and seventy-seven mothers (177/572, 30.9%) were tested positive for the anti-HBc serological marker. Among them, 190 samples were tested for viral genome detection; 8.3% (2/31) serum samples obtained from children and 3.1% (5/159) from mothers were positive for the ORF S PCR. The predominant HBV genotype in the study population was F, subgenotype F1b; in addition, subgenotype F1a and genotype A were also characterized. Two HBV escape mutants were identified, G145R, reported worldwide, and W156*; this stop codon was identified in a child with occult HBV infection. Other mutations were found, L109R and G130E, located in critical positions of the HBsAg sequence. CONCLUSIONS This study aimed to characterize the HBV genotype F, subgenotypes F1b and F1a, and genotype A in Amerindian communities and for the first time escape mutants in Colombia. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the frequency and the epidemiological impact of the escape mutants in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mario Jaramillo
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Fernando de La Hoz
- Grupo de Epidemiologia y Evaluación en Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Alexandra Porras
- Grupo de Epidemiologia y Evaluación en Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana di Filippo
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Edra Payares
- Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Publica del Amazonas, Leticia, Colombia
| | - Neyla Montes
- Coordinacion Salud Publica, Alcaldia de Puerto Nariño, Puerto Nariño, Colombia
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mojsiejczuk LN, Torres C, Pisano MB, Re V, Campos RH, Flichman DM. New pieces on genetic diversity and evolutionary history of hepatitis B virus: Characterization of the novel subgenotype F6. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 47:140-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
10
|
Zhu J, Khemichian S, Nghiem D, Zhang SR, Limurti J, Saito T, Fong TL. Comparison of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Hispanic and Asian Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Southern California. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 50:602-7. [PMID: 26890328 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are few data regarding the clinical and serologic features of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection among Hispanics in the United States. The aims of this study were to compare and contrast clinical characteristics of Hispanic and Asian CHB patients. METHODS Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from Hispanic and Asian CHB patients seen between January 2013 and May 2014 at Los Angeles County Hepatitis Clinic. RESULTS A total of 55 Hispanic and 342 Asian CHB patients were identified. Almost all were foreign-born. Compared with Asians, Hispanics were more likely to report heterosexual transmission (P<0.0001) and blood transfusion history (P<0.0001) as risk factors. Overall, 31% of Hispanics had HBV>2000 IU/mL compared with 54% of Asians (P=0.004).Significantly more Asian HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe-positive CHB patients had high HBV DNA levels (>2000 IU/mL) with elevated ALT compared with Hispanic patients (P=0.04). Compared with Asians, Hispanic CHB patients were more likely to have elevated ALT and low HBV DNA levels (P=0.001). Among CHB patients who received antiviral therapy, response was comparable among Hispanics and Asians. There were no Hispanic CHB patients who experienced spontaneous reactivation or developed hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS There were important differences in the clinical, demographic, and serologic characteristics between Hispanic and Asian CHB. Response rate to antiviral therapy was comparable. Further studies of Hispanic CHB patients in the United States are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhu
- Departments of *Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ‡Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA †Bristol-Myers Squibb, Plainsboro, NJ
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mojsiejczuk LN, Torres C, Sevic I, Badano I, Malan R, Flichman DM, Liotta DJ, Campos RH. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Misiones, Argentina. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 44:34-42. [PMID: 27321439 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The aims of this study were to describe the molecular epidemiology of HBV in the Province of Misiones, Argentina and estimate the phylodynamic of the main groups in a Bayesian coalescent framework. To this end, partial or complete genome sequences were obtained from 52 blood donor candidates. The phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of S/P region showed a predominance of genotype D (65.4%), followed by genotype F (30.8%) and genotype A as a minority (3.8%). At subgenotype level, the circulation of subgenotypes D3 (42.3%), D2 (13.5%), F1b (11.5%) and F4 (9.6%) was mainly identified. The Bayesian coalescent analysis of 29 complete genome sequences for the main groups revealed that the subgenotypes D2 and D3 had several introductions to the region, with ancestors dating back from 1921 to 1969 and diversification events until the late '70s. The genotype F in Misiones has a more recent history; subgenotype F4 isolates were intermixed with sequences from Argentina and neighboring countries and only one significant cluster dated back in 1994 was observed. Subgenotype F1b isolates exhibited low genetic distance and formed a closely related monophyletic cluster, suggesting a very recent introduction. In conclusion, the phylogenetic and coalescent analyses showed that the European genotype D has a higher circulation, a longer history of diversification and may be responsible for the largest proportion of chronic HBV infections in the Province of Misiones. Genotype F, especially subgenotype F1b, had a more recent introduction and its diversification in the last 20years might be related to its involvement in new transmission events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Noelia Mojsiejczuk
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to Piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Carolina Torres
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to Piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ina Sevic
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to Piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Argentina
| | - Inés Badano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Av. Mariano Moreno 1375, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Richard Malan
- Banco de Sangre Central de Misiones, Av. Cabred y Av. López Torres, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Diego Martin Flichman
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to Piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Domingo Javier Liotta
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Av. Mariano Moreno 1375, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Hector Campos
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to Piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Godoy BA, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Zagonel-Oliveira M, Alvarado-Mora MV, Salzano FM, Pinho JRR, Fagundes NJR. High prevalence of HBV/A1 subgenotype in native south Americans may be explained by recent economic developments in the Amazon. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:354-63. [PMID: 27267305 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Native American populations present the highest prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in the Americas, which may be associated to severe disease outcomes. Ten HBV genotypes (A–J) have been described, displaying a remarkable geographic structure, which most likely reflects historic patterns of human migrations. In this study, we characterize the HBV strains circulating in a historical sample of Native South Americans to characterize the historical viral dynamics in this population. The sample consisted of 1070 individuals belonging to 38 populations collected between 1965 and 1997. Presence of HBV DNA was checked by quantitative real-time PCR, and determination of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes was performed through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a fragment including part of HBsAg and Pol coding regions (S/Pol). A Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis was performed to compare the viral population dynamics of HBV/A1 strains found in Native Americans and in the general Brazilian population. A total of 109 individuals were positive for HBV DNA (~ 10%), and 70 samples were successfully sequenced and genotyped. Subgenotype A1 (HBV/A1), related to African populations and the African slave trade, was the most prevalent (66–94%). The Skyline Plot analysis showed a marked population expansion of HBV/A1 in Native Americans occurring more recently (1945–1965) than in the general Brazilian population. Our results suggest that historic processes that contributed to formation of HBV/A1 circulating in Native American are related with more recent migratory waves towards the Amazon basin, which generated a different viral dynamics in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibiane A Godoy
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele S Gomes-Gouvêa
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zagonel-Oliveira
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; VIZLab - Advanced Visualization Laboratory, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mónica V Alvarado-Mora
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco M Salzano
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João R R Pinho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson J R Fagundes
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Analysis of hepatitis B virus genotypes by restriction fragment length polymorphism. BIOMEDICA 2015; 36:79-88. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i0.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
<p><strong>Introducción.</strong> Se han descrito diez genotipos (A-J) del virus de la hepatitis B (HBV) que están distribuidos en todos los continentes. Una de las técnicas utilizadas para determinar el genotipo viral es el análisis del polimorfismo de longitud de los fragmentos de restricción, un método simple y económico, pero con algunas limitaciones.<br /><strong>Objetivo.</strong> El objetivo inicial del estudio fue identificar el genotipo del HBV mediante RFLP en muestras de suero obtenidas de pacientes y donantes de sangre. Sin embargo, por las discrepancias observadas en los patrones de RFLP fue necesario realizar análisis filogenéticos y un análisis in silico de secuencias del HBV.<br /><strong>Materiales y métodos.</strong> Se obtuvieron 56 muestras de suero. Tras la extracción de ADN, se amplificó un fragmento del ORF S del HBV mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, cuyos productos se analizaron por RFLP con las enzimas <em>AlwI</em>, <em>BsrI</em>, <em>CfrI</em>, <em>HpaII</em> y <em>StyI</em>, y algunos se secuenciaron. Los patrones obtenidos se compararon con los reportados previamente. Se efectuó un análisis<em> in silico</em> de RFLP en consideración de las diferencias entre los patrones esperados y los observados.<br /><strong>Resultados.</strong> Se identificaron los genotipos A y F, subgenotipo F3, en las muestras. Este resultado coincide con lo descrito en estudios previos en los que se ha demostrado que el genotipo F, subgenotipo F3, es prevalente en la población de la región andina del país, en tanto que el genotipo A predomina en el occidente (departamento del Chocó). Con base en el análisis <em>in silico</em> de 229 secuencias virales obtenidas del GenBank y las 11 secuencias de este estudio, se caracterizó un nuevo patrón de RFLP específico para el genotipo F, subgenotipo F3, y se describieron algunas modificaciones en el patrón de RFLP del genotipo A, subgenotipo A1.<br /><strong>Conclusiones.</strong> Se caracterizó el patrón de genotipificación del genotipo F, subgenotipo F3, del HBV mediante RFLP, análisis in silico y secuenciación. Se requieren nuevos análisis in silico con un número mayor de secuencias para validar los patrones de RFLP de los genotipos y subgenotipos del VHB.</p>
Collapse
|
14
|
Martínez AA, Zaldívar Y, Arteaga G, de Castillo Z, Ortiz A, Mendoza Y, Castillero O, Castillo JA, Cristina J, Pascale JM. Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes Circulating in Different Risk Groups of Panama, Evidence of the Introduction of Genotype A2 in the Country. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134850. [PMID: 26230260 PMCID: PMC4521924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can cause acute or chronic infection it is also associated with the development of liver cancer, thousands of new infections occur on a yearly basis, and many of these cases are located in certain areas of the Caribbean and Latin America. In these areas, the HBV prevalence is still high which makes this virus a serious public health concern to the entire region. Studies performed in Panama suggest a complex pattern in the distribution of HBV among the country’s different risk groups. We use phylogenetic analysis in order to determine which HBV genotypes were circulating in these specific groups; for this we used a fragment of the PreS2/2 region of the HBV genome. Subsequently whole HBV genome sequences were used for Bayesian analysis of phylodynamics and phylogeography. Two main genotypes were found: genotype A (54.5%) and genotype F (45.5%). There was a difference in the distribution of genotypes according to risk groups: 72.9% of high risk groups were associated to genotype A, and 55.0% of samples of genotype F were associated to the low risk group (p<0.002). The Bayesian analysis of phylogeny-traits association revealed a statistically significant geographical association (p<0.0001) with both genotypes and different regions of the country. The Bayesian time of most recent common ancestor analysis (tMRCA) revealed a recent tMRCA for genotype A2 circulating in Panama (1997, 95% HPD: 1986—2005), when it is compared with Panamanian genotype F1c sequences (1930, 95% HPD: 1810 – 2005). These results suggest a possible change in the distribution of HBV genotypes in Panama and Latin America as a whole. They also serve to encourage the implementation of vaccination programs in high-risk groups, in order to prevent an increase in the number of new HBV cases in Latin America and worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Martínez
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur City, Andhra Pradesh, India
- INDICASAT-AIP, Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Yamitzel Zaldívar
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Griselda Arteaga
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Zoila de Castillo
- Nucleic Acid Test Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid, Caja de Seguro Social, Panama City, Panama
| | - Alma Ortiz
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Yaxelis Mendoza
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur City, Andhra Pradesh, India
- INDICASAT-AIP, Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Omar Castillero
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Juan A. Castillo
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Juan Cristina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Igua, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan M. Pascale
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama, Panama
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lopez L, Flichman D, Mojsiejczuk L, Gonzalez MV, Uriarte R, Campos R, Cristina J, Garcia-Aguirre L. Genetic variability of hepatitis B virus in Uruguay: D/F, A/F genotype recombinants. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2209-17. [PMID: 26100402 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem. Approximately 2 billion people worldwide have been infected, and approximately 350 million individuals currently suffer from HBV-induced chronic liver infection, which causes 600,000 deaths annually from chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV is classified in eight genotypes (A-H), and two more have been proposed (I-J). In this paper, complete genome sequences of nine Uruguayan HBV are reported. Five samples belong to genotype F1b and one to genotype A2. Three HBV recombinants were detected: A1/F1b, A2/F1b and D3/F1b. The following mutations were detected: a G1896A substitution, a 33-nucleotide deletion from position 2896 to 2928 in the Pre-S1 region involving Pre-S1 residues 3-13, a 33-nt deletion in the Pre-S1 region involving nt 2913-2945 and Pre-S1 residues 9-19. More F genotypes strains than expected were detected in this study, supporting the hypothesis that there are more people of indigenous origin than declared in our population. Also, one third of the samples analyzed were recombinants. This cannot be explained by the low HBV prevalence in Uruguay, but a high HBV infection rate in drug addicts and dialysis patients could act in favor of multiple-genotype HBV infections that could lead to recombination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lopez
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Udelar, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mojsiejczuk LN, Torres C, Fainboin HA, Galdame OA, Campos RH, Flichman DM. Identification of a new clade of hepatitis B virus genotype F. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:122-5. [PMID: 26073681 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is classified into eight main genotypes (A-H) and several subgenotypes. Here, three new genotype F complete genome sequences isolated from patients from Buenos Aires city are reported. The new sequences form a separate monophyletic group from the previously known subgenotype F4 strains. Based on results of phylogenetic, genetic distance and evolutionary analyses, the name F4b is proposed for these isolates and F4a for the formerly known as F4. The identification of new clusters allows deepening the knowledge about the diversification process and evolutionary history of HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Noelia Mojsiejczuk
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carolina Torres
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Alberto Fainboin
- Unidad de Hepatopatías Infecciosas, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Andres Galdame
- Sección Hepatología, Hospital Italiano, Juan D. Perón 4190, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Hector Campos
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Martin Flichman
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to piso, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Martinez AA, Zaldivar Y, Hong CC, Alvarado-Mora MV, Smith R, Ortiz AY, Pinho JRR, Cristina J, Pascale JM. Molecular characterisation of hepatitis B virus in the resident Chinese population in Panama City. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 108:541-7. [PMID: 23903967 PMCID: PMC3970604 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of current hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines, it is estimated that 350 million individuals suffer from chronic HBV infection and more than 50% of these affected individuals live on the Asian continent. Panama is a country with a great diversity of foreign groups; the Chinese community is a large example of this phenomenon. There is an urgent need to perform studies that evaluate the prevalence and the genetic diversity of HBV in this community. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HBV and its genotypes and mutant variants in the Chinese population residing in Panama. In total, 320 subjects were enrolled in the study. Forty-two subjects (13.1%) were positive for HBsAg and HBV-DNA from 18 subjects revealed the presence of genotypes B2 and C1. Secondary mutations associated with drug resistance at positions rtV207L and rtN239T of the reverse transcriptase gene were identified. Additionally, the mutation pair A1762T/G1764A was found in three samples and the mutation G1896A was detected in an HBeAg-negative subject. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first study to report high HBV prevalence rates in resident ethnic Chinese in Central America and the presence of genotypes B2 and C1 in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Augusto Martinez
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur,
India
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta
Tecnología-AIP, Ciudad del Saber, Clayton, Panama
| | | | - Chen Ch Hong
- Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica Viviana Alvarado-Mora
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Tropical,
Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de
Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
| | - Alma Y Ortiz
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Tropical,
Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de
Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Juan Cristina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones
Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Miguel Pascale
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
- School of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama, Panama
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mello FCA, Araujo OC, Lago BV, Motta-Castro ARC, Moraes MTB, Gomes SA, Bello G, Araujo NM. Phylogeography and evolutionary history of hepatitis B virus genotype F in Brazil. Virol J 2013; 10:236. [PMID: 23855930 PMCID: PMC3751091 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype F (HBV/F) is considered to be indigenous to the Americas, but its emergence and spread in the continent remain unknown. Previously, only two HBV/F complete genome sequences from Brazil were available, limiting the contribution of Brazilian isolates to the phylogenetic studies of HBV/F. The present study was carried out to assess the proportion and geographic distributions of HBV/F subgenotypes in Brazil, to determine the full-length genomic sequences of HBV/F isolates from different Brazilian geographic regions, and to investigate the detailed evolutionary history and phylogeography of HBV/F in Brazil. Methods Complete HBV/F genomes isolated from 12 Brazilian patients, representing the HBV/F subgenotypes circulating in Brazil, were sequenced and analyzed together with sequences retrieved from GenBank, using the Bayesian coalescent and phylogeographic framework. Results Phylogenetic analysis using all Brazilian HBV/F S-gene sequences available in GenBank showed that HBV/F2a is found at higher frequencies countrywide and corresponds to all sequences isolated in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. In addition, the evolutionary analysis using complete genome sequences estimated an older median ancestral age for the Brazilian HBV/F2a compared to the Brazilian HBV/F1b and HBV/F4 subgenotypes, suggesting that HBV/F2a represents the original native HBV of Brazil. The phylogeographic patterns suggested a north-to-south flow of HBV/F2a from Venezuela to Brazil, whereas HBV/F1b and HBV/F4 strains appeared to have spread from Argentina to Brazil. Conclusions This study suggests a plausible route of introduction of HBV/F subgenotypes in Brazil and demonstrates the usefulness of recently developed computational tools for investigating the evolutionary history of HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Castilho MDC, Oliveira CMCD, Gimaque JBDL, Leão JDT, Braga WSM. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus infection in isolated villages in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 87:768-74. [PMID: 22908032 PMCID: PMC3516333 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals from three isolated, rural communities in the western Brazilian Amazon were evaluated for serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HBV genotype, and the presence of risk factors for infection and transmission. Of the 225 individuals studied, 79.1% had serological evidence of HBV infection; 10.2% individuals were chronic carriers for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg-positive). Analysis of risk factors indicates that HBV is transmitted mainly horizontally within the family from a chronic "active" carrier for hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg-positive), though a strong possibility of vertical transmission remains. The predominance of HBV genotype F, with a higher genomic similarity between the isolates, indicated a relatively recent introduction of HBV, from a common source, to the area. This study sheds light on the HBV epidemiology in the Brazilian Amazon region and highlights the need for greater emphasis on HBV control and immunization programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia da Costa Castilho
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Gerência de Virologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais e Infecciosas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fierro NA, Roman S, Realpe M, Hernandez-Nazara Z, Zepeda-Carrillo EA, Panduro A. Multiple cytokine expression profiles reveal immune-based differences in occult hepatitis B genotype H-infected Mexican Nahua patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 106:1007-13. [PMID: 22241125 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000800018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A high prevalence of occult hepatitis B (OHB) genotype H infections has been observed in the native Mexican Nahua population. In addition, a low incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma has been described in Mexico. The immune response to infection among OHB-infected patients has been poorly evaluated in vivo. Therefore, we assessed the expression profiles of 23 cytokines in OHB genotype H-infected Nahua patients. A total of 41 sera samples from natives of the Nahua community were retrospectively analysed. Based on their HBV antibody profiles, patients were stratified into two groups: OHB patients (n = 21) and patients that had recovered from HBV infection (n = 20). Herein, we report distinctive cytokines profiles in OHB-infected individuals. Compared to healthy controls (n = 20) and patients who resolved HBV infection, OHB-infected patients displayed an increase in interleukin (IL)-2 secretion in addition to a characteristic inflammation profile (decrease in IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels and increased levels of tumour growth factor-beta). IL-15 and interferon-gamma levels were reduced in OHB-infected individuals when compared to those patients who resolved HBV infection. In contrast, OHB patients showed an increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and MCP-2 compared to healthy controls and patients who resolved HBV infection. These findings suggest that cytokine expression can influence the severity of OHB disease and could lead to new investigation into the treatment of liver and other infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Alma Fierro
- Servicio de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dias ALB, Oliveira CMDC, Castilho MDC, Silva MDSPD, Braga WSM. Molecular characterization of the hepatitis B virus in autochthonous and endogenous populations in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:9-12. [PMID: 22370821 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012000100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health issue worldwide. Hepatitis B virus is classified into eight genotypes, varying from A to H, with distinct geographical distributions. In Brazil, the most frequent genotypes are A, D, and F. METHODS This study aimed to characterize the HBV genotypes in cases of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus (HDV) co-infections in an endemic area in the Western Brazilian Amazon. We analyzed 86 serum samples reactive for HBsAg from indigenous and non-indigenous populations obtained from previous serological surveys. RESULTS Of the 86 reactive serum samples, 39 were found to be HBV-DNA-positive by semi-nested PCR. The genotypes were established by sequencing the amplified S gene region. We obtained 20 sequences classified into three genotypes: A, D, and F. Genotype A was the most frequent (60%), followed by D (35%) and F (5%). CONCLUSIONS The distribution of the HBV genotypes reflected the pattern of historical occupation of the region.
Collapse
|
22
|
Michelet L, Dauga C. Molecular evidence of host influences on the evolution and spread of human tapeworms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2012; 87:731-41. [PMID: 22321512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2012.00217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The taeniasis/cysticercosis complex is included in the list of neglected zoonotic diseases by the World Health Organization due to its significant impact on public health in tropical areas. Cysticercosis is still endemic in many regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Long absent in Europe and in other developed countries, cysticercosis has recently re-emerged in the United States and Canada, due to immigration, travel and local transmission. This has encouraged the use of molecular data to understand better the influence of animal and human hosts on the emergence and spread of Taenia species. The increasing number of mitochondrial sequences now available from human tapeworms and recent advances in computational tools has enabled reconstruction of the biogeography and evolutionary history of these organisms. New molecular data have provided insights into the biogeography of T. solium, T. asiatica and T. saginata. A Bayesian statistical framework using variable evolutionary rates from lineage to lineage has allowed an improved timescale analysis of human tapeworms. The dates of divergence obtained were compared to the timing of evolutionary events in the history of their hosts, based on the hypothesis that Taenia spp. and their hosts share a common history. Herein, we review changes in the definitive and secondary hosts and human interactions that underlie the differentiation and evolution of tapeworms. Species diversification of Taenia seems to be closely linked with the evolution of intermediate hosts in response to climatic events during the Pleistocene. Different genotypes of T. solium emerged when European and Asian wild boar Sus spp. populations diverged. Taenia saginata emerged when wild cattle Bos primigenius evolved and when zebu Bos indicus and taurine Bos taurus ancestors separated. Humans through migrations and later with the development of farming and animal husbandry may have had a significant impact on the spread and diversification of tapeworms. Migrations of Homo erectus from Africa to Asia and later of Homo sapiens facilitated the diversification and dispersal of T. solium and T. saginata populations. The development of animal husbandry, making Sus scrofa and Bos taurus preferential intermediate hosts, led to the worldwide distribution of parasites. New molecular data combined with an innovative dating method allow us to explain the ways in which ancient human migrations promoted the emergence and spread of taeniasis and cysticercosis around the world. Another intriguing phenomenon explained better by our approach is the influence of human settlement on the spread of these parasites in recently inhabited areas. The diverse nature of T. solium currently observed in Madagascar may correspond to multiple imports of the parasite during Austronesian migrations, while in Mexico a recent influence of humans during the colonial period is more likely. Human activities, especially food preparation and husbandry methods, remain responsible for the transmission and persistence of these parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Michelet
- EA3174 NETEC Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée, Faculté de Médécine, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alvarado Mora MV, Romano CM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Gutierrez MF, Botelho L, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JRR. Molecular characterization of the Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Colombia: a Bayesian inference on the genotype F. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 11:103-8. [PMID: 20951841 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a worldwide health problem affecting about 2 billion people and more than 350 million are chronic carriers of the virus. Nine HBV genotypes (A to I) have been described. The geographical distribution of HBV genotypes is not completely understood due to the limited number of samples from some parts of the world. One such example is Colombia, in which few studies have described the HBV genotypes. In this study, we characterized HBV genotypes in 143 HBsAg-positive volunteer blood donors from Colombia. A fragment of 1306 bp partially comprising HBsAg and the DNA polymerase coding regions (S/POL) was amplified and sequenced. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to obtain the maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree using BEAST v.1.5.3. Of all samples, 68 were positive and 52 were successfully sequenced. Genotype F was the most prevalent in this population (77%) - subgenotypes F3 (75%) and F1b (2%). Genotype G (7.7%) and subgenotype A2 (15.3%) were also found. Genotype G sequence analysis suggests distinct introductions of this genotype in the country. Furthermore, we estimated the time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for each HBV/F subgenotype and also for Colombian F3 sequences using two different datasets: (i) 77 sequences comprising 1306 bp of S/POL region and (ii) 283 sequences comprising 681 bp of S/POL region. We also used two other previously estimated evolutionary rates: (i) 2.60 × 10(-4)s/s/y and (ii) 1.5 × 10(-5)s/s/y. Here we report the HBV genotypes circulating in Colombia and estimated the TMRCA for the four different subgenotypes of genotype F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Viviana Alvarado Mora
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li DD, Ding L, Wang J, Meilang QC, Lu XJ, Song XB, Tao CM, Ying BW, Wang LL. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes and their relationship to clinical laboratory outcomes in Tibetan and Han Chinese. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:195-201. [PMID: 20233529 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Tibetan and Han nationalities in Sichuan Province, China, and their clinical significance. Sera from 376 patients (286 Han nationals, 90 Tibetan nationals) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction. Of the 286 Han nationals, 127 were HBV asymptomatic carriers, 90 were symptomatic patients and 69 had hepatocellular carcinoma. The distribution of HBV genotypes was related to geography as well as ethnicity. The HBV genotype frequencies were: B, 57.9%; C, 16.0%; and BC, 26.1%. Association studies between genotypes and clinical laboratory outcomes showed HBV genotype C to be more virulent. There was a higher prevalence of mixed genotype BC in Tibetan nationals compared with Han nationals. There was no synergistic effect in terms of virulence in patients coinfected with genotypes B and C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D-D Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang SZ, Gao ZY, Li T, Li YJ, Chen XM, Wang L, Lu FM, Zhuang H. T3098C and T53C mutations of HBV genotype C is associated with HBV infection progress. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2009; 22:511-517. [PMID: 20337225 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(10)60009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between mutation(s) in preS region of HBV and hepatitis B disease progress in Chinese patients with genotype C chronic HBV infection. METHODS Ninety-three patients with chronic genotype C HBV infection, including 24 asymptomatic carriers (ASC), 26 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 22 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 21 HCC patients were investigated. Levels of HBV DNA, HBeAg, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate transaminase (AST) were measured. HBV preS region was analyzed by PCR direct sequencing. RESULTS The prevalence of preS T3098C and T53C mutations of genotype C HBV was significantly higher in LC and HCC patients than ASC and CHB patients. The rate of T3098C mutation in ASC, CHB, LC, and HCC patients were 0.00% (0/24), 3.85% (1/26), 9.09% (2/22), and 30.77% (8/22), respectively (P=0.0015), while the rate of T53C mutation was 12.50% (3/24), 3.85% (1/26), 40.91% (9/22), and 42.31% (11/26), respectively (P=0.0012). CONCLUSION The frequency of genotype C HBV preS T3098C and T53C mutations is associated with hepatitis B infection progression
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhen Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Peking University Health Scienice Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mbayed VA, Piñeiro y Leone FG, Pezzano SC, Campos RH. Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus genotype A from Argentina and Brazil. Arch Virol 2009; 154:525-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
A low steady HBsAg seroprevalence is associated with a low incidence of HBV-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Mexico: a systematic review. Hepatol Int 2008; 3:343-55. [PMID: 19669360 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-008-9115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To address the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity and HBV-related liver diseases in Mexico. Research literature reporting on HBsAg and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) prevalence in Mexican study groups were searched in NLM Gateway, PubMed, IMBIOMED, and others. Weighted mean prevalence (WMP) was calculated from the results of each study group. A total of 50 studies were analyzed. Three nationwide surveys revealed an HBsAg seroprevalence of less than 0.3%. Horizontal transmission of HBV infection occurred mainly by sexual activity and exposure to both contaminated surgical equipment and body fluids. High-risk groups exposed to these factors included healthcare workers, pregnant women, female sex workers, hemodialysis patients, and emergency department attendees with an HBsAg WMP ranging from 1.05% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-1.43) to 14.3% (95% CI, 9.5-19.1). A higher prevalence of anti-HBc in adults than those younger than 20 years was associated with the main risk factors. Anti-HBc WMP ranged from 3.13% (95% CI, 3.01-3.24) in blood donors to 27.7% (95% CI, 21.6-33.9) in hemodialysis patients. A heterogeneous distribution of HBV infection was detected, mainly in native Mexican groups with a high anti-HBc WMP of 42.0% (95% CI, 39.5-44.3) but with a low HBsAg WMP of 2.9% (95% CI 2.08-3.75). Estimations of the Mexican population growth rate and main risk factors suggest that HBsAg seroprevalence has remained steady since 1974. A low HBsAg prevalence is related to the low incidence of HBV-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) previously reported in Mexico.
Collapse
|
28
|
Motta-Castro ARC, Martins RMB, Araujo NM, Niel C, Facholi GB, Lago BV, Mello FCA, Gomes SA. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in an isolated Afro-Brazilian community. Arch Virol 2008; 153:2197-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
29
|
Hepatitis B virus genetic diversity in Argentina: Dissimilar genotype distribution in two different geographical regions; description of hepatitis B surface antigen variants. J Clin Virol 2008; 42:381-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
30
|
von Meltzer M, Vásquez S, Sun J, Wendt UC, May A, Gerlich WH, Radtke M, Schaefer S. A new clade of hepatitis B virus subgenotype F1 from Peru with unusual properties. Virus Genes 2008; 37:225-30. [PMID: 18649130 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There are eight genotypes A-H of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Most genotypes are further divided into subgenotypes. Genotypes and subgenotypes influence the natural course of infection and therapy. We analysed nine sera from HBV carriers from Peru. Using the small hepatitis B surface protein HBs, all samples could be grouped to genotype F. Sequencing of three complete Peruvian genomes showed that HBV from Peru belongs to subgenotype F1. Two of the genomes from HBeAg positive carriers coded surprisingly for a stop codon in the polymerase-ORF leading to a translational stop after 213 and 214 aa, respectively. The third isolate from an HBe Ag positive carrier had three deletions: aa 1-53 and aa 111-142 in preS. In addition nt. 2002-2087 in the HBc-ORF were deleted, leading to an HBc starting at aa 66.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus von Meltzer
- Abteilung für Virologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universität Rostock, Schillingallee 70, D-18057, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Devesa M, Loureiro CL, Rivas Y, Monsalve F, Cardona N, Duarte MC, Poblete F, Gutierrez MF, Botto C, Pujol FH. Subgenotype diversity of hepatitis B virus American genotype F in Amerindians from Venezuela and the general population of Colombia. J Med Virol 2008; 80:20-6. [PMID: 18041024 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was the evaluation of the genetic diversity found in HBV circulating among Venezuelan Amerindians and the general population in Colombia. Phylogenetic analysis of the S region in 194 isolates showed that genotype F is highly predominant in Colombia and Venezuela. This might be related to the genetic background of the population. F3 is the main subgenotype which circulates in both countries. Phylogenetic analysis of 61 complete genome sequences of HBV American genotypes confirms the presence of two genotypes F and H, and 4 F subgenotypes. In Venezuela, subgenotypes F1, F2, and F3 circulate in East and West Amerindians, while only F3 was found among South Amerindians. Japreira community derived from Yucpa Amerindians around 150 years ago. However, several Japreira HBV sequences were forming a clade that can be classified as subgenotype 2b, differing from Yucpa sequences that belong mainly to subgenotype F3. The apparent absence of correlation between the phylogenetic groupings of HBV isolates with the ethnical origin in aboriginal populations might be suggesting a recent origin of HBV American subgenotypes, or a genetic drift effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Devesa
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khan A, Tanaka Y, Saito H, Ebinuma H, Sekiguchi H, Iwama H, Wakabayashi G, Kamiya T, Kurbanov F, Elkady A, Mizokami M. Transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes among Japanese immigrants and natives in Bolivia. Virus Res 2008; 132:174-80. [PMID: 18207274 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus genotypes are associated with transmission pattern, virological and clinical features and outcome of the chronic infection course. HBV genotypes other than Genotype F (HBV/F) are considered a reflection of human migration into South America. A total of 487 individuals in Bolivia, including Japanese immigrants (n=287) and natives (n=200), were screened for HBV serological markers. Overall 22/487 (4.5%) of the subjects were positive for HBsAg, 217/487 (44.5%) for anti-HBc and 162/487 (33.3%) for anti-HBs. Genotypes were determinable in 22 cases by EIA, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis in 17 cases. HBV genotype distribution in Japanese and Bolivians was HBV/F (4 and 8); HBV/C (5 and 3); and HBV/B (1 and 1), respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of nine complete and eight partial (HBsAg/pre-core/core region) genomes, revealed that HBV/F strains cluster with previously reported regional strains, whereas HBV/B and HBV/C strains belonged to Asian subgenotype B2 (Ba) and C2 (Ce), respectively. Japanese immigrants might have introduced HBV/B and HBV/C to natives in Bolivia, conversely, exposed to the indigenous HBV/F. This report provides evidence of an inter-communities transmission of HBV revealed by its genotypes. Further study is required to investigate peculiarities of the genotypes in different ethnic groups in Bolivia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Khan
- Department of Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine, Nagoya City University, Mizuho, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mello FCA, Souto FJD, Nabuco LC, Villela-Nogueira CA, Coelho HSM, Franz HCF, Saraiva JCP, Virgolino HA, Motta-Castro ARC, Melo MMM, Martins RMB, Gomes SA. Hepatitis B virus genotypes circulating in Brazil: molecular characterization of genotype F isolates. BMC Microbiol 2007; 7:103. [PMID: 18036224 PMCID: PMC2231365 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolates have been classified in eight genotypes, A to H, which exhibit distinct geographical distributions. Genotypes A, D and F are predominant in Brazil, a country formed by a miscegenated population, where the proportion of individuals from Caucasian, Amerindian and African origins varies by region. Genotype F, which is the most divergent, is considered indigenous to the Americas. A systematic molecular characterization of HBV isolates from different parts of the world would be invaluable in establishing HBV evolutionary origins and dispersion patterns. A large-scale study is needed to map the region-by-region distribution of the HBV genotypes in Brazil. Results Genotyping by PCR-RFLP of 303 HBV isolates from HBsAg-positive blood donors showed that at least two of the three genotypes, A, D, and F, co-circulate in each of the five geographic regions of Brazil. No other genotypes were identified. Overall, genotype A was most prevalent (48.5%), and most of these isolates were classified as subgenotype A1 (138/153; 90.2%). Genotype D was the most common genotype in the South (84.2%) and Central (47.6%) regions. The prevalence of genotype F was low (13%) countrywide. Nucleotide sequencing of the S gene and a phylogenetic analysis of 32 HBV genotype F isolates showed that a great majority (28/32; 87.5%) belonged to subgenotype F2, cluster II. The deduced serotype of 31 of 32 F isolates was adw4. The remaining isolate showed a leucine-to-isoleucine substitution at position 127. Conclusion The presence of genotypes A, D and F, and the absence of other genotypes in a large cohort of HBV infected individuals may reflect the ethnic origins of the Brazilian population. The high prevalence of isolates from subgenotype A1 (of African origin) indicates that the African influx during the colonial slavery period had a major impact on the circulation of HBV genotype A currently found in Brazil. Although most genotype F isolates belonged to cluster II, the presence of some isolates belonging to clusters I (subgroup Ib) and IV suggests the existence of two or more founder viral populations of genotype F in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dehesa-Violante M, Nuñez-Nateras R. Epidemiology of hepatitis virus B and C. Arch Med Res 2007; 38:606-11. [PMID: 17613351 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B and C virus infections constitute a significant health problem in Latin America. Approximately 400,000 new cases of hepatitis B per year and 10 million people infected with hepatitis C are estimated to occur. HBV and HCV genotype distribution may reflect the different patterns of migration to the Americas: Genotype F and H of HBV correspond to the Amerindian genotype. Overall, Genotype 1 is the most prevalent HCV genotype in the Caribbean and in South and Central America. Hepatitis B and C epidemiology needs to be considered in the context of dissimilar social and economic aspects among the countries of the region. Behaviors, cultural and ethical aspects, as well as environmental and organizational processes affect directly the way these diseases are approached in their diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Dehesa-Violante
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kang W, Park SB, Nam YH, An YC, Lee SH, Jang WC, Park SM, Kim JW, Chong SC. Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Using Micro-PCR and Real-Time PCR Methods. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2007. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2007.51.1.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
Background The rate of evolution varies spatially along genomes and temporally in time. The presence of evolutionary rate variation is an informative signal that often marks functional regions of genomes and historical selection events. There exist many tests for temporal rate variation, or heterotachy, that start by partitioning sampled sequences into two or more groups and testing rate homogeneity among the groups. I develop a Bayesian method to infer phylogenetic trees with a divergence point, or dramatic temporal shifts in selection pressure that affect many nucleotide sites simultaneously, located at an unknown position in the tree. Results Simulation demonstrates that the method is most able to detect divergence points when rate variation and the number of affected sites is high, but not beyond biologically relevant values. The method is applied to two viral data sets. A divergence point is identified separating the B and C subtypes, two genetically distinct variants of HIV that have spread into different human populations with the AIDS epidemic. In contrast, no strong signal of temporal rate variation is found in a sample of F and H genotypes, two genetic variants of HBV that have likely evolved with humans during their immigration and expansion into the Americas. Conclusion Temporal shifts in evolutionary rate of sufficient magnitude are detectable in the history of sampled sequences. The ability to detect such divergence points without the need to specify a prior hypothesis about the location or timing of the divergence point should help scientists identify historically important selection events and decipher mechanisms of evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Dorman
- Department of Statistics, and the Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tanaka J, Valdez-Salazar HA, Juárez-Barreto V, Dehesa-Violante M, Torres J, Muñoz-Hernández O, Alvarez-Muñoz MT. Hepatitis B epidemiology in Latin America. Vaccine 2000; 4:6. [PMID: 17217533 PMCID: PMC1781063 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-4-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small DNA-containing virus with 4 genes, C, S, X and P. The S gene codes for the surface antigen (HBsAg), which contains the "a" determinant, the main region for induction of a protective humoral immune response. To compare the genotype and sequence of the "a" determinant between strains isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic Mexican HBV carriers. Results 21 asymptomatic (blood donors) and 12 symptomatic (with clinical signs and with >1 year lamivudine treatment) HBV carriers were studied; all patients were positive for the HBsAg in serum. Viral load, genotypes, and subtypes were determined in plasma. A fragment of the S gene including the "a" determinant was PCR amplified and sequenced to determine genotype, subtype and to identify mutations. Mean viral load was 0.7965 × 104 copies/ml in asymptomatic carriers and 2.73 × 106 copies/ml in symptomatic patients. Genotypes H, C, and F were identified in asymptomatic individuals; whereas H was dominant in symptomatic patients. A fragment of 279 bp containing the "a" determinant was amplified from all 33 carriers and sequences aligned with S gene sequences in the GenBank. Mutations identified were Y100N, T126I, Q129H and N146K in the asymptomatic group, and F93I and A128V in the symptomatic group. Conclusion Differences in genotype and in mutations in the "a" determinant were found between strains from asymptomatic and symptomatic HBV Mexican carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tanaka
- Biological Division, SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Av. Insurgentes sur 1605-Piso 20, Col. San Jose Insurgentes, Delegacion Benito Juarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|