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Ruta LL, Farcasanu IC, Bacalum M, Răileanu M, Rostas AM, Daniliuc C, Chifiriuc MC, Măruțescu L, Popa M, Badea M, Iorgulescu EE, Olar R. Biological Activity of Triazolopyrimidine Copper(II) Complexes Modulated by an Auxiliary N-N-Chelating Heterocycle Ligands. Molecules 2021; 26:6772. [PMID: 34833864 PMCID: PMC8620715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel complexes of type [Cu(N-N)(dmtp)2(OH2)](ClO4)2·dmtp ((1) N-N: 2,2'-bipyridine; (2) L: 1,10-phenantroline and dmtp: 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine) were designed in order to obtain biologically active compounds. Complexes were characterized as mononuclear species that crystallized in the space group P-1 of the triclinic system with a square pyramidal geometry around the copper (II). In addition to the antiproliferative effect on murine melanoma B16 cells, complex (1) exhibited low toxicity on normal BJ cells and did not affect membrane integrity. Complex (2) proved to be a more potent antimicrobial in comparison with (1), but both compounds were more active in comparison with dmtp-both against planktonic cells and biofilms. A stronger antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect was noticed against the Gram-positive strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Both electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae studies indicated that the complexes were scavengers rather than reactive oxygen species promoters. Their DNA intercalating capacity was evidenced by modifications in both absorption and fluorescence spectra. Furthermore, both complexes exhibited nuclease-like activity, which increased in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia L. Ruta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90–92 Panduri Str., 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ileana C. Farcasanu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90–92 Panduri Str., 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Bacalum
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str., 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Mina Răileanu
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str., 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (M.B.); (M.R.)
- Department of Electricity, Solid State and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405A Atomiştilor Str., 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Arpad Mihai Rostas
- Laboratory of Atomic Structures and Defects in Advanced Materials, National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomiştilor Str., 077125 Măgurele, Romania;
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1–3 Aleea Portocalelor Str., 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Luminița Măruțescu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1–3 Aleea Portocalelor Str., 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcela Popa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1–3 Aleea Portocalelor Str., 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Mihaela Badea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90–92 Panduri Str., 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Emilia Elena Iorgulescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90–92 Panduri Str., 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Rodica Olar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90–92 Panduri Str., 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
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Munzeiwa WA, Oladipo SD, Ibeji CU, Mocktar C, Omondi B. Copper(II)-N-hydroxy-N,N'-diarylformamidine complexes: Synthesis, crystal structures, antibacterial and molecular docking studies. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111600. [PMID: 34507122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cu(II) complexes were synthesized by using N-hydroxy-N,N'-diarylformamidine ligands: N-hydroxy-N,N'-(phenyl)formamidine (L1), N-hydroxy-N'-(4-methylphenyl)formamidine (L2), N-hydroxy-N,N'-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)formamidine (L3), N-hydroxy-N,N'-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)formamidine (L4). Reaction of ligands L1-L4 with hydrated copper acetate furnished mononuclear Cu(II) complexes 1-4 with general formula [Cu-(L)2]. The molecular structures of complexes 3 and 4, as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, showed both to have square planar geometry with a near C2 symmetry. The antimicrobial potency of all four complexes was evaluated against three gram-(-) bacteria (S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli) and two gram-(+) bacteria (Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus), with ciprofloxacin as the reference drug. All tested complexes were inactive against gram-(+) bacteria strains except for complex 1, which displayed excellent activity when compared to the reference. Molecular docking studies showed that hydrogen bonding, pi-sigma and van der Waals interactions are prominent complex-protein connections, with complex 2 displaying good binding affinities with the studied biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisdom A Munzeiwa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Chemistry Department, Bindura University of Science Education, P Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Segun D Oladipo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Collins U Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Bedowr NS, Yahya RB. Synthesis, characterization and thermal stability of binuclear Cu(II) complexes. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Khan RA, de Almeida A, Al-Farhan K, Alsalme A, Casini A, Ghazzali M, Reedijk J. Transition-metal norharmane compounds as possible cytotoxic agents: New insights based on a coordination chemistry perspective. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 165:128-135. [PMID: 27453532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New first-row transition-metal compounds with the ligand norharmane (9H-Pyrido[3,4-b]indole; Hnor) are reported. The compounds have the general formula [M(LL)(Hnor)(NO3)2](MeOH)0-1 (M=Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; LL=2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)) and have been characterized by physical and analytical methods. X-ray structural analysis revealed that the compound of formula [Cu(phen)(Hnor)(NO3)2], (1) has a distorted 6-coordinated octahedrally-based geometry, with a planar-based [CuN3O] core, where Cu-L varies between 1.99 and 2.04Å and two weak axial CuO contacts (2.209 and 2.644Å) from two different nitrates. Based on spectroscopic similarities, the other compounds appear to have the same or very similar coordination geometries. The compounds showed clear cell growth inhibitory effects in two different cancer cell lines in vitro, with the copper and zinc complexes being the most toxic and in fact almost comparable to cisplatin. Flow-cytometry analysis confirmed induction of apoptosis in cancer cells treated with the compounds. Interestingly, co-incubation of the cells with metal complexes and CuCl2 induced an increase in the cytotoxic effects, most likely due to the conversion of the metal compounds in the corresponding, and most active, copper analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andreia de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Khalid Al-Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Cardiff School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park place, Cardiff CF10 3A, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohamed Ghazzali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Reedijk
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sullivan KL, Huma LC, Mullins EA, Johnson ME, Kappock TJ. Metal stopping reagents facilitate discontinuous activity assays of the de novo purine biosynthesis enzyme PurE. Anal Biochem 2014; 452:43-5. [PMID: 24525042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) to 4-carboxy-AIR (CAIR) represents an unusual divergence in purine biosynthesis: microbes and nonmetazoan eukaryotes use class I PurEs while animals use class II PurEs. Class I PurEs are therefore a potential antimicrobial target; however, no enzyme activity assay is suitable for high throughput screening (HTS). Here we report a simple chemical quench that fixes the PurE substrate/product ratio for 24h, as assessed by the Bratton-Marshall assay (BMA) for diazotizable amines. The ZnSO4 stopping reagent is proposed to chelate CAIR, enabling delayed analysis of this acid-labile product by BMA or other HTS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA
| | - Loredana C Huma
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7173, USA
| | - Elwood A Mullins
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
| | - Michael E Johnson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7173, USA
| | - T Joseph Kappock
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA.
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Etcheverry SB, Di Virgilio AL, Nascimento OR, Williams PA. Dinuclear copper(II) complexes with valsartan. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 107:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Syntheses, structures of manganese/cadmium/ferrous complexes and magnetic property of manganese complex with the ligand 5-hydroxynicotinic acid. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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El-Boraey HA, Emam SM, Tolan DA, El-Nahas AM. Structural studies and anticancer activity of a novel (N6O4) macrocyclic ligand and its Cu(II) complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:360-370. [PMID: 21081283 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel (N6O4) macrocyclic ligand (L) and its Cu(II) complexes have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, spectral, thermal (TG/DTG), magnetic, and conductivity measurements. Quantum chemical calculations have also been carried out at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) to study the structure of the ligand and one of its complexes. The results show a novel macrocyclic ligand with potential amide oxygen atom, amide and amine nitrogen atoms available for coordination. Distorted square pyramidal ([Cu(L)Cl]Cl·2.5H2O (1), [Cu(L)NO3]NO(3)·3.5H2O (2), and [Cu(L)Br]Br·3H2O (4) and octahedral ([Cu(L)(OAc)2]·5H2O (3)) geometries were proposed. The EPR data of 1, 2, and 4 indicate d1x2(-y)2 ground state of Cu(II) ion with a considerable exchange interaction. The measured cytotoxicity for L and its complexes (1, 2) against three tumor cell lines showed that coordination improves the antitumor activity of the ligand; IC50 for breast cancer cells are ≈8.5, 3, and 4 μg/mL for L and complexes (1) and (2), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A El-Boraey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Yang K, He X, Choi HS, Wang Z, Woodmansee DH, Liu H. Highly efficient synthesis of fused bicyclic 2,3-diaryl-pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones via Lewis acid assisted cyclization reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Koiri RK, Trigun SK, Dubey SK, Singh S, Mishra L. Metal Cu(II) and Zn(II) bipyridyls as inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase. Biometals 2007; 21:117-26. [PMID: 17541766 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-007-9098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metal complex-protein interaction is an evolving concept for determining cellular targets of metallodrugs. Lacatate dehydrogenase (LDH) is critically implicated in tumor growth and therefore, considered to be an important target protein for anti-tumor metal complexes. Due to efficient biocompatibility of copper (Cu(2+)) and zinc (Zn(2+)), we synthesized CubpyAc(2) . H(2)O (Cu-bpy) and ZnbpyAc(2) . H(2)O (Zn-bpy; where bpy = 2,2' bipyridine, Ac = CH(3)COO(-)) complexes and evaluated their interaction with and modulation of LDH in mouse tissues. The increasing concentration of both the complexes showed a significant shift in UV-Vis spectra of LDH. The binding constant data (Kc = 1 x 10(3) M(-1) for Cu-bpy and 7 x 10(6) M(-1) for Zn-bpy) suggested that Zn-bpy-LDH interaction is stronger than that of Cu-bpy-LDH. LDH modulating potential of the complexes were monitored by perfusing the mice tissues with non-toxic doses of Cu-bpy and Zn-bpy followed by activity measurement and analysis of LDH isozymes on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). As compared to the control sets, Cu-bpy caused a significant decline (P < 0.05-0.001) in the activity of LDH in all the tissues studied. However, Zn-bpy showed inhibition of LDH only in liver (P < 0.01), kidney (P < 0.001) and heart (P < 0.01), but with no effect in spleen, brain and skeletal muscle tissues. PAGE analysis suggested that all the five LDH isozymes are equally sensitive to both the complexes in the respective tissues. The results suggest that Cu- and Zn-bpy are able to interact with and inhibit LDH, a tumor growth supportive target protein at tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Koiri
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Section, Centre of Advanced Studies in Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Sandbhor U, Kulkarni P, Padhye S, Kundu G, Mackenzie G, Pritchard R. Antimelanomal activity of the copper(II) complexes of 1-substituted 5-amino-imidazole ligands against B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2877-82. [PMID: 15125951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Revised: 03/13/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The copper complexes of 5-amino-imidazole ligands were prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The ligand geometry around the copper(II) centre is square pyramidal based on N2O2 donor atoms and a coordinated water molecule at the apex. Single crystal X-ray structures were determined for both ligands. Ligands and copper complexes exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on the growth of B16F10 melanoma cells line but lower IC50 values were observed for the copper complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Sandbhor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India.
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Gokhale NH, Padhye SS, Padhye SB, Anson CE, Powell AK. Copper complexes of carboxamidrazone derivatives as anticancer agents. 3. Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of [Cu(appc)Cl2], (appc=N1-(2-acetylpyridine)pyridine-2-carboxamidrazone). Inorganica Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(01)00446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gokhale N, Padhye S, Rathbone D, Billington D, Lowe P, Schwalbe C, Newton C. The crystal structure of first copper(II) complex of a pyridine-2-carboxamidrazone – a potential antitumor agent. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(00)00185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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