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Sevik Kilicaslan O, Cretton S, Hausmann E, Quirós-Guerrero L, Karimou S, Kaiser M, Mäser P, Christen P, Cuendet M. Antiprotozoal activity of natural products from Nigerien plants used in folk medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1190241. [PMID: 37426806 PMCID: PMC10326435 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1190241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of the screening of plants from Niger for antiprotozoal activity, the methanol extract of Cassia sieberiana, and the dichloromethane extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana and Sesamun alatum were found to be active against protozoan parasites, namely Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani and/or Plasmodium falciparum. Myricitrin (1), quercitrin (2) and 1-palmitoyl-lysolecithin (3) were isolated from C. sieberiana. From Z. mauritiana, the three triterpene derivatives 13, 15, and 16 are described here for the first time. Their chemical structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, UV, IR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations were assigned via comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra. In addition, eight known cyclopeptide alkaloids (4, 5, 7-12), and five known triterpenoids (6, 14, 17-19) were isolated. The antiprotozoal activity of the isolated compounds, as well as of eleven quinone derivatives (20-30) previously isolated from S. alatum was determined in vitro. The cytotoxicity in L6 rat myoblast cells was also evaluated. Compound 18 showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 0.2 µm) and compound 24 inhibited T. b. rhodesiense with an IC50 value of 0.007 µM. However, it also displayed significant cytotoxicity in L6 cells (IC50 = 0.4 µm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Sevik Kilicaslan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvian Cretton
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Hausmann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Quirós-Guerrero
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Christen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Cheng WJ, Yang HT, Chiang CC, Lai KH, Chen YL, Shih HL, Kuo JJ, Hwang TL, Lin CC. Deer Velvet Antler Extracts Exert Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Arthritic Effects on Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Distinct Mouse Arthritis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1617-1643. [PMID: 35850642 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes joint deformity and disability. Deer velvet antler (DA), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat various types of arthritis for several thousands of years, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we investigated the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of DA in vitro and in vivo. The ethyl acetate layer of DA ethanol extract (DA-EE-EA) was used to treat tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text]-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocyte MH7A cells, collagen-induced arthritis DBA/1 mice, and SKG mice with zymosan-induced arthritis. DA-EE-EA reduced nitric oxide production, prostaglandin E2 levels, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, and IL-8 in MH7A cells. DA-EE-EA also downregulated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65. Intraperitoneal injection of DA-EE-EA for 3 weeks substantially reduced clinical arthritis scores in vivo models. Pathohistological images of the hind paws showed that DA-EE-EA reduced immune cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, and cartilage damage. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and interferon-gamma, decreased in the hind paw homogenates of DA-EE-EA-treated mice. We also identified several potential components, such as hexadecanamide, oleamide, erucamide, and lysophosphatidylcholines, that might contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of DA-EE-EA. In conclusion, DA-EE-EA has the potential to treat RA by regulating inflammatory responses. However, the individual components of DA-EE-EA and the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms need further investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Tzu Yang
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Puxin Fengze Chinese Medicine Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Chen
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Lin Shih
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Jen Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Gómez-Gaviria M, Mora-Montes HM. Current Aspects in the Biology, Pathogeny, and Treatment of Candida krusei, a Neglected Fungal Pathogen. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1673-1689. [PMID: 32606818 PMCID: PMC7293913 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s247944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a constant and growing menace to human health, because of the emergence of new species as causative agents of diseases and the increment of antifungal drug resistance. Candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections in humans and is associated with a high mortality rate when the fungi infect deep-seated organs. Candida krusei belongs to the group of candidiasis etiological agents, and although it is not isolated as frequently as other Candida species, the infections caused by this organism are of special relevance in the clinical setting because of its intrinsic resistance to fluconazole. Here, we offer a thorough revision of the current literature dealing with this organism and the caused disease, focusing on its biological aspects, the host-fungus interaction, the diagnosis, and the infection treatment. Of particular relevance, we provide the most recent genomic information, including the gene prediction of some putative virulence factors, like proteases, adhesins, regulators of biofilm formation and dimorphism. Moreover, C. krusei veterinary aspects and the exploration of natural products with anti-C. krusei activity are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gómez-Gaviria
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, México
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Gto, México
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Genetically Compromising Phospholipid Metabolism Limits Candida albicans' Virulence. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:213-226. [PMID: 30693413 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Perturbing ergosterol synthesis has been previously shown to reduce the virulence of Candida albicans. We tested the hypothesis that further altering cell membrane composition by limiting phospholipid synthesis or remodeling will have the same effect. To model partial inhibition, C. albicans strains independently harboring heterozygous deletion of four genes that encode for enzymes that mediate phospholipid synthesis or modification were generated. Quantitative PCR determined that heterozygous deletion routinely caused a nearly 50% reduction in the respective gene's transcript abundance. Compensatory increased transcript abundance was only found with the deletion of LRO1, a homolog of phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferases. Virulence of the mutants was assayed in a Caenorhabditis elegans host model. Even modestly reduced expression of LRO1, phosphatidylserine synthase (CHO1), and lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPT1) significantly reduced virulence by 23-38%. Reintroducing a second functional allele, respectively, to all three mutants restored virulence. Heterozygous deletion of SLC1, a homolog of 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases, did not significantly reduce virulence. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis of phospholipid composition followed by principal component analysis identified comprehensive changes in the LRO1 and CHO1 deletion heterozygotes. Strikingly (p < 0.001), univariate comparisons found that both deletion heterozygotes had 20% more phosphatidylinositol, 75% less lysophosphatidylcholine, and 35% less lysophosphatidylethanolamine compared to wild type. Heterozygous deletion of LPT1 also significantly increased phosphatidylinositol abundance. No growth phenotype, including filamentation, was affected by any mutation. Together, these data predict that even partial pharmacological inhibition of Lro1p, Cho1p, and Lpt1p will limit C. albicans virulence through altering phospholipid composition.
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Li L, Liao Z, Yang Y, Lv L, Cao Y, Zhu Z. Metabolomic profiling for the identification of potential biomarkers involved in a laboratory azole resistance in Candida albicans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192328. [PMID: 29394282 PMCID: PMC5796700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, one of the most common fungal pathogens, is responsible for several yeast infections in human hosts, being resistant to classically used antifungal drugs, such as azole drugs. Multifactorial and multistep alterations are involved in the azole resistance in Candida albicans. In this study, a FCZ-resistant C. albicans strain was obtained by serial cultures of a FCZ-susceptible C. albicans strain in incrementally increasing concentrations of FCZ. We performed an integrated profile of different classes of molecules related to azole resistance in C. albicans by combining several mass-spectrometry based methodologies. The comparative metabolomic study was performed with the sensitive and resistant strains of C.albicans to identify metabolites altered during the development of resistance to fluconazole, while the intervention strains and non-intervention strains of C.albicans to identify metabolites altered involved in cross-resistant to azole drugs. Our analysis of the different metabolites identified molecules mainly involved in metabolic processes such as amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and phospholipid metabolism. We also compared the phospholipid composition of each group, revealing that the relative content of phospholipids significantly changed during the development of resistance to azole drugs. According with these results, we hypothesized that the metabolism shift might contribute to azole drugs resistance in C.albicans from multifactorial alterations. Our result paves the way to understand processes underlying the resistance to azole drugs in C. albicans, providing the basis for developing new antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - ZeBin Liao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - YingYing Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZYZ); (YYC)
| | - ZhenYu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZYZ); (YYC)
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Kim KW, Kim KS, Park SD, Kim JK, Chung KH, Kim DS, Lee YC, Kim CH. Effect of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe on protease activities, antioxidant and free radical damages in rheumatis arthritis rats. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kang SK, Kim KS, Kim SI, Chung KH, Lee IS, Kim CH. Immunosuppressive activity of deer antler extracts of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe, on type II collagen-induced arthritis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2006; 42:100-7. [PMID: 16759146 DOI: 10.1290/0510067.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Unossified horn or pilose antler cut from deer, which belong to the Cervidae generally is termed Nokyong. Nokyong is one of the most famous Korean traditional medicines and has been considered to possess sexual-reinforcing and antiaging actions. In this study, water extract of deer antler extract (DAA) prepared from the growing antler of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe was used to investigate the efficacy of the DAA on the development of type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. Male rats were immunized with an emulsion of 200 microg of CII and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The rats then were administered by injection a suspension of DAA or phosphate-buffered saline. The effect of DAA on cellular responses to CII was examined. The injection of DAA suppressed the CII-specific secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma from splenocytes ex vivo. The influence of DAA also was evaluated on the incidence and development of arthritis in rat CIA. Rats were immunized twice at a 3-wk interval with bovine CII, with DAA being given by injection once a d for 14 d with four different regimens. A 14-d course of DAA treatment at a daily dose of 100 microg/kg, which began on the d of the first CII immunization, suppressed the development of arthritis, as well as antibody formation and delayed-type hypersensitivity to CII. Treatment with DAA resulted in inhibition of development of arthritis and immune responses to CII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Koo Kang
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Suwon City, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
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Clément M, Tremblay J, Lange M, Thibodeau J, Belhumeur P. Whey-derived free fatty acids suppress the germination of Candida albicans in vitro. FEMS Yeast Res 2006; 7:276-85. [PMID: 17034417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine whey from the cheese-making industry contains several bioactive factors that promote health and prevent disease. Although many efforts have been made over the years to show that immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin, lysosyme and small peptides present in whey have antimicrobial activities against several pathogenic microorganisms, such activities have not been investigated so far for the lipid fraction of whey. Here, we have used an in vitro assay-based fractionation procedure to show that free fatty acids derived from whey cream specifically inhibit the germination of Candida albicans, a morphologic change associated with pathogenicity. Further fractionation by HPLC demonstrated that this activity can be mainly attributed to lauric acid, myristoleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Clément
- Départment de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Fasoli E, Arnone A, Caligiuri A, D'Arrigo P, de Ferra L, Servi S. Tin-mediated synthesis of lyso-phospholipids. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:2974-8. [PMID: 16855747 DOI: 10.1039/b604636c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1-O-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoric acid have been prepared selectively and with high yields from the corresponding diols, glycerophosphoryl choline and glycerol-3-phosphate. Starting from the diols, the activated tin ketals were prepared in 2-propanol by reaction with dialkyltin oxide. The intermediates were acylated in the same solvent with long-chain fatty acid chlorides, giving the corresponding 1-acyl-lyso-phospholipids in high yield and with complete regioselectivity. The catalytic nature of the tin-mediated acylation and the relevance of the solvent are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Fasoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, G. Natta Politecnico di Milano, Italy
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Kim KH, Lee EJ, Kim K, Han SY, Jhon GJ. Modification of concanavalin A-dependent proliferation by phosphatidylcholines isolated from deer antler, Cervus elaphus. Nutrition 2005; 20:394-401. [PMID: 15043858 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2003.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immunomodulatory effect of deer antler, which is used as traditional medicine, has been known, but the active component of antlers from Cervus elaphus has not been identified. In this study, we identified the immunomodulator from C. elaphus and examined its biological activities on the immune system. METHODS To identify an immunomodulator, we used bioassay-guided fractionation after silica gel column chromatography. Structural analysis was performed with one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and tandem mass spectrometry coupled with fast atom bombardment. RESULTS The subfraction, phosphatidylcholines, isolated 70% ethanol extract of C. elaphus induced the proliferation of spleen cells in synergy with concanavalin A. According to the structural analysis, phosphatidylcholines were classified as a family (1,2-alkyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholines) containing arachidonyl (C20:4), stearoyl (C18:0), oleoyl (C18:1), linoleoyl (C18:2), palmitoyl (C16:0), and myristoyl (C14:0) chains in their fatty acyl chains. Because the unsaturated fatty acids showed an inhibitory effect on the immune system, dialkyl phosphatidylcholines with different chain lengths from C10:0 to C20:0 that stimulate the proliferation of spleen cells were examined extensively. Among other saturated phosphatidylcholines used, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (C14:0) induced the proliferation of spleen cells more efficiently, whereas dimyristoleoyl phosphatidylcholine (C14:1) effected little change in the proliferation of spleen cells. CONCLUSIONS These data collectively suggest that phosphatidylcholines with saturated fatty acyl chains are immunostimulating factors. They may modify the proliferation of known mitogens. Further, chain length and saturation of the fatty acids may play important roles in the proliferation of spleen cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim KS, Choi YH, Kim KH, Lee YC, Kim CH, Moon SH, Kang SG, Park YG. Protective and anti-arthritic effects of deer antler aqua-acupuncture (DAA), inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, on phosphate ions-mediated chondrocyte apoptosis and rat collagen-induced arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 4:963-73. [PMID: 15182735 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2004] [Revised: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 04/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of water extract of deer antler aqua-acupuncture (DAA; Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu) prepared from the pilose antler of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe (Nokyong in Korean), a traditional immunosuppressive and immunoactivating Korean herbal acupuncture [Int. Immunopharm. 3 7 (2003) 1001] on rat chondrocyte apoptosis was studied. Terminally differentiated hypertrophic chondrocytes were isolated from rat costochondrial cartilage and cell death was measured in the presence of 3-5 mM phosphate ions (Pi). The effect of 10 microg/ml DAA was compared to that of phosphonoformic acid (PFA), a competitive inhibitor of the Na-Pi co-transport on Pi-induced apoptosis in chondrocytes. A total of 1 mM PFA blocked anion-induced cell death and prevented an increase in the cell Pi content. In a parallel study, we determined that the DAA also protected chondrocytes from death. On the other hand, the effect of DAA was also evaluated as an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHO-DHase) and tested in the rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Female 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the evaluation of DAA in the CIA model. Arthritis was evaluated by arthritis score, body weight loss, bone destruction score. DAA was administered by bilateral Shinsu (B23) acupuncture five times per week (10, 20, 30, and 100 microg/kg/day). DAA inhibited rat liver DHO-DHase in vitro with Ki = 843 +/- 43 microg/ml. The anti-proliferative effect of DAA was caused by cell cycle arrest at the S-phase. Treatment with 300 mg/kg/day of DAA completely prevented the development of CIA based on the reduction of the arthritis score. The 50% effective dose (ED50) of DAA on arthritis score was 64 mg/kg. DAA ameliorated body weight loss associated with disease onset. DAA suppressed the development of arthritis, even when it was administered after a booster immunization of collagen. DAA is a novel immunosuppressant which inhibits DHO-DHase and its effects in CIA suggest that it could be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanp-Sung Kim
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Sukjang-Dong 707, Kyungju City, Kyungbuk 780-714 South Korea
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Kim KH, Kim KS, Choi BJ, Chung KH, Chang YC, Lee SD, Park KK, Kim HM, Kim CH. Anti-bone resorption activity of deer antler aqua-acupunture, the pilose antler of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe (Nokyong) in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 96:497-506. [PMID: 15619570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Effect of deer antler aqua-acupunture (DAA), prepared from the pilose antler of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe, a traditional immunosuppressive acupuncture, was evaluated to assess the reductions in bone mass, strength, and turnover in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. For measuring the above parameters, a 20-day dosing experiment was performed using 6-week-old female Lewis rats. Arthritis was induced by injecting the adjuvant into the hind paw of the Lewis rats. The age-dependent increases in the body weight, lumbar bone mineral content and density (BMC and BMD) and compressive strength were disturbed in the arthritic rats. At 10 days, the histomorphometric parameters of bone formation (BFR/BS and BFR/BV) and the serum osteocalcin levels were significantly reduced compared with the baseline controls of Lewis rats. However, the BMC values corrected for body weight did not differ significantly between the arthritic and normal rats, and the bone minerals were not reduced when they were compared with the baseline controls. At 20 days, the parameters of bone minerals and strength of the lumbar body in the arthritic rats, both with and without correction for body weight, were significantly reduced compared with the baseline controls. The trabecular mineralizing surface remained significantly reduced and the osteoclast numbers were increased. DAA at the doses of 10, 20, 50 and 100 microg/kg, administered by Shinsu (B23) acupuncture daily from the start of the experiment, significantly prevented the development of the chronic paw edema at 20 days. The reductions in the parameters such as bone minerals, strength, and trabecular bone formation, and the increase in osteoclast number were alleviated by this DAA. Age-dependent increases in the lumbar height, disturbed by the adjuvant injection, were also maintained. These results indicated that a 20-day-period is necessary to obtain sufficient reductions in the bone mass and strength of the lumbar body concerning the model of secondary osteoarthritis in adjuvant arthritic rats. DAA was able to prevent these reductions by modulating the bone turnover in this arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Acupuncture, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Kyungju, Kyungbuk 780-714, Republic of Korea
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Kim YA, Park MS, Kim YH, Han SY. Synthesis of 1-lyso-2-palmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine and its regioisomers and structural elucidation by NMR spectroscopy and FAB tandem mass spectrometry. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2001; 18:1091-8. [PMID: 11481679 DOI: 10.1002/yea.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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