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Tanaka K, Kiguchi K, Mikami M, Aoki D, Iwamori M. Involvement of the MDR1 gene and glycolipids in anticancer drug-resistance of human ovarian carcinoma-derived cells. Hum Cell 2019; 32:447-452. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abe Y, Honsho M, Nakanishi H, Taguchi R, Fujiki Y. Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulate in phosphatidylcholine of fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger syndrome and acyl-CoA oxidase1 deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:610-9. [PMID: 24418004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles that function in multiple anabolic and catabolic processes, including β-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and biosynthesis of ether phospholipids. Peroxisomal disorders caused by defects in peroxisome biogenesis or peroxisomal β-oxidation manifest as severe neural disorders of the central nervous system. Abnormal peroxisomal metabolism is thought to be responsible for the clinical symptoms of these diseases, but their molecular pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. We performed lipidomic analysis to identify aberrant metabolites in fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger syndrome (ZS), acyl-CoA oxidase1 (AOx) deficiency, D-bifunctional protein (D-BP) and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), as well as in peroxisome-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants. In cells deficient in peroxisomal biogenesis, plasmenylethanolamine was remarkably reduced and phosphatidylethanolamine was increased. Marked accumulation of very-long-chain saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acids in phosphatidylcholine was observed in all mutant cells. Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC-PUFA) levels were significantly elevated, whilst phospholipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) were reduced in fibroblasts from patients with ZS, AOx deficiency, and D-BP deficiency, but not in fibroblasts from an X-ALD patient. Because patients with AOx deficiency suffer from more severe symptoms than those with X-ALD, accumulation of VLC-PUFA and/or reduction of DHA may be associated with the severity of peroxisomal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Abe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Masanori Honsho
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakanishi
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Miyazaki C, Saitoh M, Itoh M, Yamashita S, Miyagishi M, Takashima S, Moser AB, Iwamori M, Mizuguchi M. Altered phospholipid molecular species and glycolipid composition in brain, liver and fibroblasts of Zellweger syndrome. Neurosci Lett 2013; 552:71-5. [PMID: 23933200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We studied the altered molecular species of lipids in brain and liver tissues, and fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger syndrome (ZS). ZS cerebellum samples contained a higher amount of sphingomyelin with shorter chain fatty acids compared to that in normal controls. The amount of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was less than half of that in controls, with the absence of the PE-type of plasmalogen. Gangliosides were accumulated in the brains and fibroblasts of ZS patients. To investigate whether or not impaired beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids and/or plasmalogen synthesis affects glycolipids metabolism, RNAi of peroxisomal acylCo-A oxidase (ACOX1) and glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPAT) was performed using cultured neural cells. In neuronal F3-Ngn1 cells, ACOX1 and GNPAT silencing up-regulated ceramide galactosyltransferase (UGT8) mRNA expression, and down-regulated UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG). These results suggest that both impaired beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids and plasmalogen synthesis affect glycolipid metabolism in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Miyazaki
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Jiao CY, Delaroche D, Burlina F, Alves ID, Chassaing G, Sagan S. Translocation and endocytosis for cell-penetrating peptide internalization. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:33957-65. [PMID: 19833724 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.056309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) share the property of cellular internalization. The question of how these peptides reach the cytoplasm of cells is still widely debated. Herein, we have used a mass spectrometry-based method that enables quantification of internalized and membrane-bound peptides. Internalization of the most used CPP was studied at 37 degrees C (endocytosis and translocation) and 4 degrees C (translocation) in wild type and proteoglycan-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. Both translocation and endocytosis are internalization pathways used by CPP. The choice of one pathway versus the other depends on the peptide sequence (not the number of positive changes), the extracellular peptide concentration, and the membrane components. There is no relationship between the high affinity of these peptides for the cell membrane and their internalization efficacy. Translocation occurs at low extracellular peptide concentration, whereas endocytosis, a saturable and cooperative phenomenon, is activated at higher concentrations. Translocation operates in a narrow time window, which implies a specific lipid/peptide co-import in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Jiao
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), 75005 Paris, France
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5
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Saitoh M, Itoh M, Takashima S, Mizuguchi M, Iwamori M. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine with increased polyunsaturated fatty acids in compensation for plasmalogen defect in the Zellweger syndrome brain. Neurosci Lett 2009; 449:164-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Saitoh M, Yamashita S, Shimozawa N, Mizuguchi M, Iwamori M. Changes in the amounts of myelin lipids and molecular species of plasmalogen PE in the brain of an autopsy case with D-bifunctional protein deficiency. Neurosci Lett 2008; 442:4-9. [PMID: 18611434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the molecular species of lipids associated with peroxisomal d-bifunctional protein (d-BP) deficiency were investigated in cerebral tissues to elucidate the pathological mechanisms underlying this disorder. Total phospholipids in the gray and white matters of the patient's brain were decreased to approximately 73% and 50% of control levels, respectively, and profound declines in myelin lipids, i.e. galactosyl ceramide and sulfatides, indicated dysmyelination in our patient with d-BP deficiency. Although the total ganglioside amounts in the gray and white matter of this patient's brain were also decreased to 61% and 37% of control levels and GM1 in the white matter was 20% of the control level, the relative amounts of GM2 in both the gray and the white matter of this patient's brain were increased in comparison to those in the control, indicating altered metabolism of gangliosides. In addition, among molecular species of phospholipids, plasmalogen-type and polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidylethanolamine were characteristically decreased in the patient's gray matter. These alterations in the molecular species of brain lipids may affect sensitivity to oxidative stress and the membrane fluidity of neural cells, thereby producing the brain pathology of d-BP deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Saitoh
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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7
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Saito M, Horikawa M, Iwamori Y, Sakakihara Y, Mizuguchi M, Igarashi T, Fujiki Y, Iwamori M. Alterations in the molecular species of plasmalogen phospholipids and glycolipids due to peroxisomal dysfunction in Chinese hamster ovary-mutant Z65 cells by FABMS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 852:367-73. [PMID: 17383243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the molecular species of lipids associated with Pex2 gene-mutation were investigated to elucidate the pathogeneses of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Although no differences were observed in the concentrations of cholesterol and phosphatidyl choline between mutated Z65 and control CHO-K1 cells, the amounts of cholesterol esters and glycolipids in Z65 cells were twice those in CHO-K1 cells, but phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), particularly 1-O-octadec-1'-enyl-2-oleoyl PE, was absent in Z65 cells by FABMS. Enhanced synthesis of glycolipids in Z65 cells was associated with an abundance of lignoceric acid-containing ones, suggesting a role of glycolipids in the retention of longer saturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Saitoh M, Sakakihara Y, Mizuguchi M, Itoh M, Takashima S, Iwamori M, Kamoshita S, Igarashi T. Increase of ceramide monohexoside and dipalmitoyl glycerophospholipids in the brain of Zellweger syndrome. Neurosci Lett 2007; 417:165-70. [PMID: 17399899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The lipid composition and molecular species of phospholipids were examined in the brain of a patient with Zellweger syndrome (ZS), and were compared with those of control infants. In the cerebral gray matter of the ZS patient, the amounts of ceramide monohexoside and cholesterol ester were larger than those of controls. By contrast, the amount of ceramide monohexoside in the white matter was smaller in the ZS patient than that in the age-matched control. Although the amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) plus phosphatidylserine (PS) was the same, dipalmitoyl PC and PS were increased in both the gray and white matter of the ZS cerebrum. These alterations in the molecular species of brain lipids may play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of ZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Milis DG, Moore MK, Atshaves BP, Schroeder F, Jefferson JR. Sterol carrier protein-2 expression alters sphingolipid metabolism in transfected mouse L-cell fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 283:57-66. [PMID: 16444586 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-2270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The influence of sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) on the cellular metabolism of sphingolipids was examined in control mouse L-cells and stably transfected clones expressing the protein SCP-2. Three approaches were used to examine for differences; (1) compositional analysis of endogenous sphingolipid classes, (2) metabolism of NBD-ceramide, and (3) live cell labelling via endocytic uptake of BODIPY-sphingomyelin. SCP-2 over expression significantly altered the endogenous levels of both neutral and acidic sphingolipid classes. Among the neutral sphingolipids, expression of SCP-2 induced a 1.7-fold increase in the level of lactosylceramide (LacCer, p < 0.05) and a similar fold decrease in the level of the higher-order neutral glycosylceramides (p < 0.05). Among the acidic sphingolipids, SCP-2 resulted in a 5.2-fold decrease in the endogenous plasma membrane level of ganglioside GM1 (p < 0.03). Incubation of both control and transfected cell lines with NBD-ceramide resulted in the rapid establishment of a steady-state distribution of NBD-labelled sphingomyelin (NBD-SM) and glucosylceramide (NBD-GlcCer). In the SCP-2 expressing clones the conversion of NBD-Cer to NBD-GlcCer was 30% lower during incubation periods between 5 and 30 min (p < 0.025). Inspection of the cells by fluorescence microscopy after incubation with BODIPY labelled sphingomyelin (BODIPY-SM) revealed similar punctuated patterns with no distinguishable differences between the cell types. These results imply that SCP-2 plays a role in modulating enzymatic steps involved in metabolism of sphingolipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Milis
- Department of Chemistry, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa, 52101-1045, USA
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Foulon V, Sniekers M, Huysmans E, Asselberghs S, Mahieu V, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP, Casteels M. Breakdown of 2-hydroxylated straight chain fatty acids via peroxisomal 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase: a revised pathway for the alpha-oxidation of straight chain fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:9802-12. [PMID: 15644336 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413362200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxyfatty acids, constituents of brain cerebrosides and sulfatides, were previously reported to be degraded by an alpha-oxidation system, generating fatty acids shortened by one carbon atom. In the current study we used labeled and unlabeled 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid to reinvestigate the degradation of this class of lipids. Both in intact and broken cell systems formate was identified as a main reaction product. Furthermore, the generation of an n-1 aldehyde was demonstrated. In permeabilized rat hepatocytes and liver homogenates, studies on cofactor requirements revealed a dependence on ATP, CoA, Mg(2+), thiamine pyrophosphate, and NAD(+). Together with subcellular fractionation data and studies on recombinant enzymes, this led to the following picture. In a first step, the 2-hydroxyfatty acid is activated to an acyl-CoA; subsequently, the 2-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA is cleaved by 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase, to formyl-CoA and an n-1 aldehyde. The severe inhibition of formate generation by oxythiamin treatment of intact fibroblasts indicates that cleavage through the thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase is the main pathway for the degradation of 2-hydroxyfatty acids. The latter protein was initially characterized as an essential enzyme in the peroxisomal alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-branched fatty acids such as phytanic acid. Our findings point to a new role for peroxisomes in mammals, i.e. the breakdown of 2-hydroxyfatty acids, at least the long chain 2-hydroxyfatty acids. Most likely, the more abundant very long chain 2-hydroxyfatty acids are degraded in a similar manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Foulon
- Afdeling Farmacologie, Departement Celbiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Nagura M, Saito M, Iwamori M, Sakakihara Y, Igarashi T. Alterations of fatty acid metabolism and membrane fluidity in peroxisome-defective mutant ZP102 cells. Lipids 2004; 39:43-50. [PMID: 15055234 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated lipid composition and FA metabolism in Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1) cells and Pex5-mutated CHO-K1 (ZP102) cells to clarify the biochemical bases of peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD). ZP102 cells have defective peroxisomes and exhibit impairments of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of FA and plasmalogen biosynthesis. In addition, we identified FA metabolic alterations in the synthesis of several classes of lipids in ZP102 cells. The concentration of FFA in ZP102 cells was twice that in CHO-K1 cells, but methyl esters and TAG were decreased in ZP102 cells in comparison with control cells. Also, ceramide monohexoside (CMH) concentration with ZP102 cells was significantly increased compared with the control cells. The FA molecular species, particularly the saturated to unsaturated ratios, of individual lipids also differed between the two cell types. The rate of incorporation of [14C]-labeled saturated acids into sphingomyelin (SM) and CMH in ZP102 cells was higher than that in CHO-K1 cells. Lignoceric acid incorporated into cells was predominantly utilized for the synthesis of SM at 24 h after removal of [14C]lignoceric acid from the culture medium. ZP102 cells showed higher fluorescence anisotropy of 1,3,5-diphenylhexatriene, corresponding to lower membrane mobility than in CHO-K1 cells. In particular, alteration of lipid metabolism by a Pex5 mutation enhanced metabolism of saturated FA and sphingolipids. This may be related to the reduced membrane fluidity of ZP102 cells, which has been implicated in the dysfunction of membrane-linked processes in PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Nagura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Saito M, Fukushima Y, Tatsumi K, Bei L, Fujiki Y, Iwamori M, Igarashi T, Sakakihara Y. Molecular cloning of Chinese hamster ceramide glucosyltransferase and its enhanced expression in peroxisome-defective mutant Z65 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 403:171-8. [PMID: 12139966 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the metabolic bases of characteristic increases in the concentrations of glucosylceramide (CMH) and GM3 in peroxisome-defective mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (Z65), we measured the ceramide glucosyltransferase (CGT) and beta-glucosidase activities in Z65 and CHO-K1 cells, and found that the former enzyme was responsible for the accumulation of CMH in Z65 cells. Inhibition of CGT by D,L-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) caused a marked reduction in a incorporation of [3-14C]serine to CMH in both CHO-K1 and Z65 cells, but resulted in the accumulation of ceramide in Z65 cells in a concentration higher than that in CHO-K1 cells. Then, we cloned the cDNA encoding CGT from CHO-K1 cells, which exhibited sequence homology with the human gene product (98.7%). Northern blot analysis of CGT revealed increased expression of it in Z65 cells compared with that in CHO-K1 cells, which probably caused the simultaneous increase in GM3. With an immunohistochemical procedure, GM3 was found to be more strongly expressed in the cell membrane of Z65 cells than in CHO-K1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Tatsumi K, Saito M, Lin B, Iwamori M, Ichiseki H, Shimozawa N, Kamoshita S, Igarashi T, Sakakihara Y. Enhanced expression of a-series gangliosides in fibroblasts of patients with peroxisome biogenesis disorders. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1535:285-93. [PMID: 11278168 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD) are classified into Zellweger syndrome (ZS), infantile Refsum disease (IRD) and neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. Disturbances in the differentiation of neural cells such as migration arrest are characteristic of PBD. So far the pathogenesis of these disturbances is not clearly understood. We describe an altered metabolism of glycosphingolipids in PBD which has not yet been investigated. We observed an increased amount of a-series gangliosides, GM2, GM1 and GD1a, in the fibroblasts of patients with ZS and IRD. Gangliosides GM1 and GD1a were not present in detectable amounts in normal subjects. A key step in the synthesis of a-series gangliosides is a transfer of GalNAc to ganglioside GM3, so we determined the level of ganglioside GM3 by immunohistochemical methods. We found a granular structure, which was positive toward anti-ganglioside GM3 antibody in the cytoplasm of the patients' fibroblasts. In control cells, the cell membrane was slightly positive toward anti-GM3 antibody. These results may help to clarify the pathogenesis of PBD with respect to the functional roles of glycosphingolipids in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tatsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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