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Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA. Turning Back the Clock: A Retrospective Single-Blind Study on Brain Age Change in Response to Nutraceuticals Supplementation vs. Lifestyle Modifications. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030520. [PMID: 36979330 PMCID: PMC10046544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing consensus that chronological age (CA) is not an accurate indicator of the aging process and that biological age (BA) instead is a better measure of an individual's risk of age-related outcomes and a more accurate predictor of mortality than actual CA. In this context, BA measures the "true" age, which is an integrated result of an individual's level of damage accumulation across all levels of biological organization, along with preserved resources. The BA is plastic and depends upon epigenetics. Brain state is an important factor contributing to health- and lifespan. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG)-derived brain BA (BBA) is a suitable and promising measure of brain aging. In the present study, we aimed to show that BBA can be decelerated or even reversed in humans (N = 89) by using customized programs of nutraceutical compounds or lifestyle changes (mean duration = 13 months). RESULTS We observed that BBA was younger than CA in both groups at the end of the intervention. Furthermore, the BBA of the participants in the nutraceuticals group was 2.83 years younger at the endpoint of the intervention compared with their BBA score at the beginning of the intervention, while the BBA of the participants in the lifestyle group was only 0.02 years younger at the end of the intervention. These results were accompanied by improvements in mental-physical health comorbidities in both groups. The pre-intervention BBA score and the sex of the participants were considered confounding factors and analyzed separately. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the obtained results support the feasibility of the goal of this study and also provide the first robust evidence that halting and reversal of brain aging are possible in humans within a reasonable (practical) timeframe of approximately one year.
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Babiloni C, Arakaki X, Bonanni L, Bujan A, Carrillo MC, Del Percio C, Edelmayer RM, Egan G, Elahh FM, Evans A, Ferri R, Frisoni GB, Güntekin B, Hainsworth A, Hampel H, Jelic V, Jeong J, Kim DK, Kramberger M, Kumar S, Lizio R, Nobili F, Noce G, Puce A, Ritter P, Smit DJA, Soricelli A, Teipel S, Tucci F, Sachdev P, Valdes-Sosa M, Valdes-Sosa P, Vergallo A, Yener G. EEG measures for clinical research in major vascular cognitive impairment: recommendations by an expert panel. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 103:78-97. [PMID: 33845399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular contribution to cognitive impairment (VCI) and dementia is related to etiologies that may affect the neurophysiological mechanisms regulating brain arousal and generating electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. A multidisciplinary expert panel reviewed the clinical literature and reached consensus about the EEG measures consistently found as abnormal in VCI patients with dementia. As compared to cognitively unimpaired individuals, those VCI patients showed (1) smaller amplitude of resting state alpha (8-12 Hz) rhythms dominant in posterior regions; (2) widespread increases in amplitude of delta (< 4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) rhythms; and (3) delayed N200/P300 peak latencies in averaged event-related potentials, especially during the detection of auditory rare target stimuli requiring participants' responses in "oddball" paradigms. The expert panel formulated the following recommendations: (1) the above EEG measures are not specific for VCI and should not be used for its diagnosis; (2) they may be considered as "neural synchronization" biomarkers to enlighten the relationships between features of the VCI-related cerebrovascular lesions and abnormalities in neurophysiological brain mechanisms; and (3) they may be tested in future clinical trials as prognostic biomarkers and endpoints of interventions aimed at normalizing background brain excitability and vigilance in wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, FR, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences and CESI, University G D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ana Bujan
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal
| | | | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gary Egan
- Foundation Director of the Monash Biomedical Imaging (MBI) research facilities, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Fanny M Elahh
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Alan Evans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bahar Güntekin
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atticus Hainsworth
- University of London St George's Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC No. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, NVS Department, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaeseung Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering/Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Doh Kwan Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Milica Kramberger
- Center for cognitive and movement disorders, Department of neurology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinica neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-infantili (DiNOGMI)
| | | | - Aina Puce
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Petra Ritter
- Brain Simulation Section, Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk J A Smit
- Department of Psychiatry Academisch Medisch Centrum Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Federico Tucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales; Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Pedro Valdes-Sosa
- Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba; Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC No. 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Görsev Yener
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center. Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
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Babiloni C, Lopez S, Del Percio C, Noce G, Pascarelli MT, Lizio R, Teipel SJ, González-Escamilla G, Bakardjian H, George N, Cavedo E, Lista S, Chiesa PA, Vergallo A, Lemercier P, Spinelli G, Grothe MJ, Potier MC, Stocchi F, Ferri R, Habert MO, Fraga FJ, Dubois B, Hampel H. Resting-state posterior alpha rhythms are abnormal in subjective memory complaint seniors with preclinical Alzheimer's neuropathology and high education level: the INSIGHT-preAD study. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 90:43-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Boyer A, Ramdani S, Duffau H, Poulin-Charronnat B, Guiraud D, Bonnetblanc F. Alterations of EEG rhythms during motor preparation following awake brain surgery. Brain Cogn 2018; 125:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Babiloni C, Del Percio C, Caroli A, Salvatore E, Nicolai E, Marzano N, Lizio R, Cavedo E, Landau S, Chen K, Jagust W, Reiman E, Tedeschi G, Montella P, De Stefano M, Gesualdo L, Frisoni GB, Soricelli A. Cortical sources of resting state EEG rhythms are related to brain hypometabolism in subjects with Alzheimer's disease: an EEG-PET study. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 48:122-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Babiloni C, Pennica A, Del Percio C, Noce G, Cordone S, Lopez S, Berry K, Muratori C, Ferracuti S, Roma P, Correr V, Di Campli F, Gianserra L, Ciullini L, Aceti A, Soricelli A, Teti E, Viscione M, Limatola C, Onorati P, Capotosto P, Andreoni M. Antiretroviral therapy affects the z-score index of deviant cortical EEG rhythms in naïve HIV individuals. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:144-56. [PMID: 27408799 PMCID: PMC4933036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here we tested the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on deviant electroencephalographic (EEG) source activity in treatment-naïve HIV individuals. METHODS Resting state eyes-closed EEG data were recorded before and after 5 months of cART in 48 male HIV subjects, who were naïve at the study start. The EEG data were also recorded in 59 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as a control group. Frequency bands of interest included delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2 and alpha3, based on alpha frequency peak specific to each individual. They also included beta1 (13-20 Hz) and beta2 (20-30 Hz). Low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) estimated EEG cortical source activity in frontal, central, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. RESULTS Before the therapy, the HIV group showed greater parietal delta source activity and lower spatially diffuse alpha source activity compared to the control group. Thus, the ratio of parietal delta and alpha3 source activity served as an EEG marker. The z-score showed a statistically deviant EEG marker (EEG +) in 50% of the HIV individuals before therapy (p < 0.05). After 5 months of cART, delta source activity decreased, and alpha3 source activity increased in the HIV subjects with EEG + (about 50% of them showed a normalized EEG marker). CONCLUSIONS This procedure detected a deviant EEG marker before therapy and its post-therapy normalization in naïve HIV single individuals. SIGNIFICANCE The parietal delta/alpha3 EEG marker may be used to monitor cART effects on brain function in such individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pennica
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Susanna Cordone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Ketura Berry
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Roma
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Correr
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Campli
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Gianserra
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ciullini
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Aceti
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
- Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teti
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Magdalena Viscione
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onorati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Andreoni
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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Babiloni C, Pennica A, Del Percio C, Noce G, Cordone S, Muratori C, Ferracuti S, Donato N, Di Campli F, Gianserra L, Teti E, Aceti A, Soricelli A, Viscione M, Limatola C, Andreoni M, Onorati P. Abnormal cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic rhythms in single treatment-naïve HIV individuals: A statistical z-score index. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 127:1803-12. [PMID: 26762948 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested a simple statistical procedure to recognize single treatment-naïve HIV individuals having abnormal cortical sources of resting state delta (<4 Hz) and alpha (8-13 Hz) electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms with reference to a control group of sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy individuals. Compared to the HIV individuals with a statistically normal EEG marker, those with abnormal values were expected to show worse cognitive status. METHODS Resting state eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 82 treatment-naïve HIV (39.8 ys.±1.2 standard error mean, SE) and 59 age-matched cognitively healthy subjects (39 ys.±2.2 SE). Low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) estimated delta and alpha sources in frontal, central, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortical regions. RESULTS Ratio of the activity of parietal delta and high-frequency alpha sources (EEG marker) showed the maximum difference between the healthy and the treatment-naïve HIV group. Z-score of the EEG marker was statistically abnormal in 47.6% of treatment-naïve HIV individuals with reference to the healthy group (p<0.05). Compared to the HIV individuals with a statistically normal EEG marker, those with abnormal values exhibited lower mini mental state evaluation (MMSE) score, higher CD4 count, and lower viral load (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This statistical procedure permitted for the first time to identify single treatment-naïve HIV individuals having abnormal EEG activity. SIGNIFICANCE This procedure might enrich the detection and monitoring of effects of HIV on brain function in single treatment-naïve HIV individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Pennica
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Susanna Cordone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Donato
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Campli
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Gianserra
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teti
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Aceti
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Magdalena Viscione
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onorati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Wang C, Zhao J, Xu R, Zhao J, Duan S. Identification of pivotal markers in vascular dementia based on proteomics data. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2015; 39:312-20. [PMID: 25823411 DOI: 10.1159/000375296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze protein expression profiles of vascular dementia (VaD) subjects for investigating the underlying therapeutic markers. METHODS Protein expression profile data were acquired from a quantitative clinical proteomic study, including 10 nondemented elderly controls and 10 age-matched VaD subjects. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between VaD subjects and controls, followed by function prediction using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery). Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by comparing it with the STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes) database, and the pathway crosstalk analysis was conducted based on overlapping PPI network and enriched pathways. Furthermore, the subpathway was screened and analyzed by the iSubpathwayMiner package in R. RESULTS A total of 144 DEPs were screened from VaD subjects and the controls. They were significantly enriched in many pathways. High-degree proteins were detected in the PPI network, such as ATP5B (ATP synthase subunit β). Furthermore, 'metabolic pathways' and 'Alzheimer's disease' were the significant pathways screened in the crosstalk analysis. At last, upregulated proteins were enriched in 2 subpathways of 1 pathway, while downregulated proteins were enriched in 162 subpathways of 36 pathways. CONCLUSION By analyzing the differential expressions of proteins, the potential underlying therapeutic markers and mechanism of VaD might be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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Neto E, Allen EA, Aurlien H, Nordby H, Eichele T. EEG Spectral Features Discriminate between Alzheimer's and Vascular Dementia. Front Neurol 2015; 6:25. [PMID: 25762978 PMCID: PMC4327579 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) present with similar clinical symptoms of cognitive decline, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms differ. To determine whether clinical electroencephalography (EEG) can provide information relevant to discriminate between these diagnoses, we used quantitative EEG analysis to compare the spectra between non-medicated patients with AD (n = 77) and VaD (n = 77) and healthy elderly normal controls (NC) (n = 77). We use curve-fitting with a combination of a power loss and Gaussian function to model the averaged resting-state spectra of each EEG channel extracting six parameters. We assessed the performance of our model and tested the extracted parameters for group differentiation. We performed regression analysis in a multivariate analysis of covariance with group, age, gender, and number of epochs as predictors and further explored the topographical group differences with pair-wise contrasts. Significant topographical differences between the groups were found in several of the extracted features. Both AD and VaD groups showed increased delta power when compared to NC, whereas the AD patients showed a decrease in alpha power for occipital and temporal regions when compared with NC. The VaD patients had higher alpha power than NC and AD. The AD and VaD groups showed slowing of the alpha rhythm. Variability of the alpha frequency was wider for both AD and VaD groups. There was a general decrease in beta power for both AD and VaD. The proposed model is useful to parameterize spectra, which allowed extracting relevant clinical EEG key features that move toward simple and interpretable diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Neto
- Institute of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway ; Section for Clinical Neurophysiology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Elena A Allen
- Institute of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway ; K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders , Bergen , Norway ; The Mind Research Network , Albuquerque, NM , USA
| | - Harald Aurlien
- Section for Clinical Neurophysiology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Helge Nordby
- Institute of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Tom Eichele
- Institute of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway ; Section for Clinical Neurophysiology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway ; K. G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders , Bergen , Norway
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Babiloni C, Del Percio C, Boccardi M, Lizio R, Lopez S, Carducci F, Marzano N, Soricelli A, Ferri R, Triggiani AI, Prestia A, Salinari S, Rasser PE, Basar E, Famà F, Nobili F, Yener G, Emek-Savaş DD, Gesualdo L, Mundi C, Thompson PM, Rossini PM, Frisoni GB. Occipital sources of resting-state alpha rhythms are related to local gray matter density in subjects with amnesic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:556-70. [PMID: 25442118 PMCID: PMC4315728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Occipital sources of resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha rhythms are abnormal, at the group level, in patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that amplitude of these occipital sources is related to neurodegeneration in occipital lobe as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Resting-state eyes-closed EEG rhythms were recorded in 45 healthy elderly (Nold), 100 MCI, and 90 AD subjects. Neurodegeneration of occipital lobe was indexed by weighted averages of gray matter density, estimated from structural MRIs. EEG rhythms of interest were alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz) and alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. Results showed a positive correlation between occipital gray matter density and amplitude of occipital alpha 1 sources in Nold, MCI, and AD subjects as a whole group (r = 0.3, p = 0.000004, N = 235). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the amplitude of occipital alpha 1 sources and cognitive status as revealed by Mini Mental State Examination score across all subjects (r = 0.38, p = 0.000001, N = 235). Finally, amplitude of occipital alpha 1 sources allowed a moderate classification of individual Nold and AD subjects (sensitivity: 87.8%; specificity: 66.7%; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.81). These results suggest that the amplitude of occipital sources of resting-state alpha rhythms is related to AD neurodegeneration in occipital lobe along pathologic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Marina Boccardi
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Centro "S. Giovanni di Dio-F.B.F.", Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Lizio
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Carducci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Marzano
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Italy; Department of Studies of Institutions and Territorial Systems, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy
| | | | - Annapaola Prestia
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Centro "S. Giovanni di Dio-F.B.F.", Brescia, Italy
| | - Serenella Salinari
- Department of Informatics and Systems "Antonio Ruberti", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Paul E Rasser
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience & Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erol Basar
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francesco Famà
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), Clinical Neurology, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), Clinical Neurology, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Görsev Yener
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey; Brain Dynamics Multidisciplinary Research Center, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Derya Durusu Emek-Savaş
- Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Dipartimento Emergenza e Trapianti d'Organi (D.E.T.O), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro Mundi
- Department of Neurology, Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Department of Neurology & Psychiatry, Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience & Orthopedics, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Centro "S. Giovanni di Dio-F.B.F.", Brescia, Italy
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11
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Antiretroviral therapy effects on sources of cortical rhythms in HIV subjects: Responders vs. Mild Responders. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Babiloni C, Buffo P, Vecchio F, Onorati P, Muratori C, Ferracuti S, Roma P, Battuello M, Donato N, Noce G, Di Campli F, Gianserra L, Teti E, Aceti A, Soricelli A, Viscione M, Andreoni M, Rossini PM, Pennica A. Cortical sources of resting-state EEG rhythms in “experienced” HIV subjects under antiretroviral therapy. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:1792-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grandy TH, Werkle-Bergner M, Chicherio C, Schmiedek F, Lövdén M, Lindenberger U. Peak individual alpha frequency qualifies as a stable neurophysiological trait marker in healthy younger and older adults. Psychophysiology 2013; 50:570-82. [PMID: 23551082 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The individual alpha frequency (IAF) of the human EEG reflects systemic properties of the brain, is highly heritable, and relates to cognitive functioning. Not much is known about the modifiability of IAF by cognitive interventions. We report analyses of resting EEG from a large-scale training study in which healthy younger (20-31 years, N = 30) and older (65-80 years, N = 28) adults practiced 12 cognitive tasks for ∼100 1-h sessions. EEG was recorded before and after the cognitive training intervention. In both age groups, IAF (and, in a control analysis, alpha amplitude) did not change, despite large gains in cognitive performance. As within-session reliability and test-retest stability were high for both age groups, imprecise measurements cannot account for the findings. In sum, IAF is highly stable in healthy adults up to 80 years, not easily modifiable by cognitive interventions alone, and thus qualifies as a stable neurophysiological trait marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Grandy
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany
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15
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16
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Babiloni C, Vecchio F, Buffo P, Onorati P, Muratori C, Ferracuti S, Roma P, Battuello M, Donato N, Pellegrini P, Di Campli F, Gianserra L, Teti E, Aceti A, Rossini PM, Pennica A. Cortical sources of resting-state EEG rhythms are abnormal in naïve HIV subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:2163-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Quantitative EEG Markers in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Degenerative versus Vascular Brain Impairment. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:917537. [PMID: 22900229 PMCID: PMC3412101 DOI: 10.1155/2012/917537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship between brain rhythmicity and both the cerebrovascular damage (CVD) and amygdalohippocampal complex (AHC) atrophy, as revealed by scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in a cohort of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). All MCI subjects underwent EEG recording and magnetic resonance imaging. EEGs were recorded at rest. Relative power was separately computed for delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3 frequency bands. In the spectral band power the severity of CVD was associated with increased delta power and decreased alpha2 power. No association of vascular damage was observed with alpha3 power. Moreover, the theta/alpha1 ratio could be a reliable index for the estimation of the individual extent of CV damage. On the other side, the group with moderate hippocampal atrophy showed the highest increase of alpha2 and alpha3 power. Moreover, when the amygdalar and hippocampal volumes are separately considered, within amygdalohippocampal complex (AHC), the increase of theta/gamma ratio is best associated with amygdalar atrophy whereas alpha3/alpha2 ratio is best associated with hippocampal atrophy. CVD and AHC damages are associated with specific EEG markers. So far, these EEG markers could have a prospective value in differential diagnosis between vascular and degenerative MCI.
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Cortical sources of EEG rhythms in congestive heart failure and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Psychophysiol 2012; 86:98-107. [PMID: 22771500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The brain needs continuous oxygen supply even in resting-state. Hypoxia enhances resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms in the delta range, and reduces those in the alpha range, with a pattern similar to that observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we tested whether resting-state cortical EEG rhythms in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), as a model of acute hypoxia, present frequency similarities with AD patients, comparable by cognitive status revealed by the mini mental state examination (MMSE). METHODS Eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 10 CHF patients, 20 AD patients, and 20 healthy elderly subjects (Nold) as controls. LORETA software estimated cortical EEG generators. RESULTS Compared to Nold, both AD and CHF groups presented higher delta (2-4Hz) and lower alpha (8-13Hz) temporal sources. The highest delta and lowest alpha sources were observed in CHF subjects. In these subjects, the global amplitude of delta sources correlated with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level in the blood, as a marker of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Resting-state delta and alpha rhythms suggest analogies between the effects of acute hypoxia and AD neurodegeneration on the cortical neurons' synchronization. SIGNIFICANCE Acute ischemic hypoxia could affect the mechanisms of cortical neural synchronization generating resting state EEG rhythms, inducing the "slowing" of EEG rhythms typically observed in AD patients.
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Babiloni C, De Pandis MF, Vecchio F, Buffo P, Sorpresi F, Frisoni GB, Rossini PM. Cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic rhythms in Parkinson's disease related dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:2355-64. [PMID: 21924950 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here we test the hypothesis that cortical source mapping of resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms could characterize neurodegenerative disorders inducing cognitive impairment such as Parkinson's disease related dementia (PDD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS To address this issue, eyes-closed resting state EEG rhythms were recorded in 13 PDD, 20 AD, and 20 normal elderly (Nold) subjects. Age, gender, and education were carefully matched across the three groups. Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) score probed subjects' global cognitive status, and was matched between the PDD and AD groups. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta1 (13-20 Hz), and beta2 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low resolution brain electromagnetic source tomography (LORETA). RESULTS With respect to the Nold and AD groups, the PPD group was characterized by peculiar abnormalities of central delta sources and posterior cortical sources of theta and beta1 rhythms. With respect to the Nold group, the PDD and AD groups mainly pointed to lower posterior cortical sources of alpha1 rhythms, which were positively correlated to MMSE score across all PDD and AD subjects as a whole (the lower the alpha sources, the lower the MMSE score). This alpha decrease was greater in the AD than PPD patients. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that topography and frequency of eyes-closed resting state cortical EEG rhythms distinguished PDD and AD groups. SIGNIFICANCE We report the existence of different effects of neurodegeneration on the cortical neural synchronization mechanisms generating resting state EEG rhythms in PDD and AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Muresanu DF, Alvarez XA, Moessler H, Novak PH, Stan A, Buzoianu A, Bajenaru O, Popescu BO. Persistence of the effects of Cerebrolysin on cognition and qEEG slowing in vascular dementia patients: Results of a 3-month extension study. J Neurol Sci 2010; 299:179-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Babiloni C, Pievani M, Vecchio F, Geroldi C, Eusebi F, Fracassi C, Fletcher E, De Carli C, Boccardi M, Rossini PM, Frisoni GB. White-matter lesions along the cholinergic tracts are related to cortical sources of EEG rhythms in amnesic mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:1431-43. [PMID: 19097164 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Does impairment of cholinergic systems represent an important factor in the development of amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), as a preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD)? Here we tested the hypothesis that electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms, known to be modulated by the cholinergic system, may be particularly affected in aMCI patients with lesions along the cholinergic white-matter tracts. Eyes-closed resting EEG data were recorded in 28 healthy elderly (Nold) and 57 aMCI patients. Lesions along the cholinergic white-matter tracts were detected with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences on magnetic resonance imaging. The estimation of the cholinergic lesion was performed with a validated semi-automatic algorithm pipeline after registration to a stereotactic template, image integration with stereotactic masks of the cholinergic tracts, and normalization to intracranial volume. The aMCI patients were divided into two groups of high (MCI Ch+; N = 29; MMSE = 26.2) and low cholinergic damage (MCI Ch-; N = 28; MMSE = 26.6). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). Cortical EEG generators were estimated by LORETA software. As main results, (i) power of occipital, parietal, temporal, and limbic alpha 1 sources was maximum in Nold, intermediate in MCI Ch-, and low in MCI Ch+ patients; (ii) the same trend was true in theta sources. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that damage to the cholinergic system is associated with alterations of EEG sources in aMCI subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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22
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Babiloni C, Frisoni GB, Pievani M, Vecchio F, Infarinato F, Geroldi C, Salinari S, Ferri R, Fracassi C, Eusebi F, Rossini PM. White matter vascular lesions are related to parietal-to-frontal coupling of EEG rhythms in mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 29:1355-67. [PMID: 17979121 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Do cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's disease (AD) lesions represent additive factors in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as a putative preclinical stage of AD? Here we tested the hypothesis that directionality of fronto-parietal functional coupling of electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms is relatively preserved in amnesic MCI subjects in whom the cognitive decline is mainly explained by white-matter vascular load. Resting EEG was recorded in 40 healthy elderly (Nold) and 78 amnesic MCI. In the MCI subjects, white-matter vascular load was quantified based on magnetic resonance images (0-30 visual rating scale). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta1 (13-20 Hz), and beta2 (20-30 Hz). Directionality of fronto-parietal functional coupling of EEG rhythms was estimated by directed transfer function software. As main results, (i) fronto-parietal functional coupling of EEG rhythms was higher in magnitude in the Nold than in the MCI subjects; (ii) more interestingly, that coupling was higher at theta, alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 in MCI V+ (high vascular load; N = 42; MMSE = 26) than in MCI V- group (low vascular load; N = 36; MMSE= 26.7). These results are interpreted as supporting the additive model according to which MCI state would result from the combination of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Dip. Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Nishida M, Asano E, Juhász C, Muzik O, Sood S, Chugani HT. Cortical glucose metabolism correlates negatively with delta-slowing and spike-frequency in epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp 2008; 29:1255-64. [PMID: 17948886 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of altered glucose metabolism seen on positron emission tomography (PET) in focal epilepsy is not fully understood. We determined the association between interictal glucose metabolism and interictal neuronal activity, using PET and electrocorticography (ECoG) measures derived from 865 intracranial electrode sites in 11 children with focal epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) (age: 0.5-16 years) undergoing epilepsy surgery. A multiple linear regression analysis was applied to each patient, to determine whether the glucose uptake at each electrode site on interictal PET was predicted by ECoG amplitude powers and interictal spike-frequency measured in the given electrode site. The regression slopes as well as R-square values (an indicator of fitness of the regression models) were finally averaged across the 11 patients. The mean regression slope for delta amplitude power was -0.0025 (95% CI: -0.0045 to -0.0004; P = 0.02 based on one-sample t-test) and that for spike frequency was -0.023 (95% CI: -0.042 to -0.0038; P = 0.02). On the other hand, the mean regression slopes for the remaining ECoG amplitude powers (theta, alpha, sigma, beta, and gamma activities) were not significantly different from zero. The mean R-square value was 0.39. These results suggest that increased delta-slowing and frequent spike activity were independently and additively associated with glucose hypometabolism in children with focal epilepsy associated with TSC. Association between frequent interictal spike activity and low glucose metabolism may be attributed to slow-wave components following spike discharges on ECoG recording, and a substantial proportion of the variance in regional glucose metabolism on PET could be explained by electrophysiological traits derived from conventional subdural ECoG recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Babiloni C, Frisoni GB, Pievani M, Toscano L, Del Percio C, Geroldi C, Eusebi F, Miniussi C, Rossini PM. White-matter vascular lesions correlate with alpha EEG sources in mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia 2008; 46:1707-20. [PMID: 18440574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is an open issue if vascular and Alzheimer's disease (AD) lesions represent additive factors in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as a preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at group level. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha rhythms, which are affected (i.e. decreased in amplitude) by AD processes, are relatively preserved in MCI subjects in whom the cognitive decline is mainly explained by white-matter vascular load. Resting EEG was recorded in 40 healthy elderly (Nold), 80 MCI, and 40 AD subjects. In the MCI subjects, white-matter vascular load was quantified based on MRI (0-30 Wahlund visual rating scale). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13Hz), beta 1 (13-20Hz), and beta 2 (20-30Hz). Low resolution electromagnetic source tomography (LORETA) was used for EEG source analysis. As expected, we observed that alpha 1 sources in parietal, occipital, and temporal areas were lower in amplitude in the AD and MCI subjects than in the Nold subjects, whereas the amplitude of wide delta sources was higher in the AD than in the Nold and MCI subjects. As novel results, the amplitude of parietal, occipital, and temporal alpha 1 sources was higher in the MCI V+ (high vascular load; N=42; MMSE=26) than MCI V- group (low vascular load; N=37; MMSE=26.7). Furthermore, a weak but significant (p<0.05) positive statistical correlation was found between the parietal alpha 1 sources and the score of Wahlund scale across all MCI subjects (i.e. the more severe white-matter lesions, the higher parietal alpha source power). The present results are in line with the additive model of cognitive impairment postulating that this arises as the sum of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Casa di Cura San Raffaele Cassino, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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25
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A pilot study to evaluate the effects of Cerebrolysin on cognition and qEEG in vascular dementia: Cognitive improvement correlates with qEEG acceleration. J Neurol Sci 2008; 267:112-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Foster PS, Harrison DW, Crucian GP, Drago V, Rhodes RD, Heilman KM. Reduced Verbal Learning Associated With Posterior Temporal Lobe Slow Wave Activity. Dev Neuropsychol 2007; 33:25-43. [DOI: 10.1080/87565640701729706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Babiloni C, Cassetta E, Binetti G, Tombini M, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Lanuzza B, Nobili F, Parisi L, Rodriguez G, Frigerio L, Gurzì M, Prestia A, Vernieri F, Eusebi F, Rossini PM. Resting EEG sources correlate with attentional span in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25:3742-57. [PMID: 17610594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence has shown that resting delta and alpha electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms are abnormal in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its potential preclinical stage (mild cognitive impairment, MCI). Here, we tested the hypothesis that these EEG rhythms are correlated with memory and attention in the continuum across MCI and AD. Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 34 MCI and 53 AD subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). These sources were correlated with neuropsychological measures such as Rey list immediate recall (word short-term memory), Rey list delayed recall (word medium-term memory), Digit span forward (immediate memory for digits probing focused attention), and Corsi span forward (visuo-spatial immediate memory probing focused attention). A statistically significant negative correlation (Bonferroni corrected, P < 0.05) was observed between Corsi span forward score and amplitude of occipital or temporal delta sources across MCI and AD subjects. Furthermore, a positive correlation was shown between Digit span forward score and occipital alpha 1 sources (Bonferroni corrected, P < 0.05). These results suggest that cortical sources of resting delta and alpha rhythms correlate with neuropsychological measures of immediate memory based on focused attention in the continuum of MCI and AD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Dip. Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Boord PR, Rennie CJ, Williams LM. Integrating "brain" and "body" measures: correlations between EEG and metabolic changes over the human lifespan. J Integr Neurosci 2007; 6:205-18. [PMID: 17472230 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635207001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the relationship between electroencephalograph (EEG) power and basal metabolic rate (BMR) over the human lifespan, to better understand the mechanisms involved in the decline of neural activity with age. METHODS Eyes-open EEG power was calculated in standard frequency bands and averaged across recording sites in 1831 healthy subjects aged 6 to 86 years, from the Brain Resource International Database. In a subset of 175 subjects, structural MRI scans were also undertaken to determine the role of grey matter. Cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) was estimated using two models of EEG power, based on: (1) normalization of BMR by total body mass, and (2) scaling by cortical grey matter. RESULTS Regression analysis revealed a linear relationship between the CMR estimates and EEG power under both models. In the full sample, CMR explained 65% of the variance in delta power, and 53% of the variance in theta power over the age span. DISCUSSION The results demonstrate that the large EEG signals in early childhood are associated with a higher BMR during that age. INTEGRATIVE SIGNIFICANCE The use of cross-modal measurements in this study highlights the utility of capturing data in an integrative framework to reveal fundamental physiological relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Boord
- The Brain Dynamics Center, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital and Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Moretti DV, Miniussi C, Frisoni G, Zanetti O, Binetti G, Geroldi C, Galluzzi S, Rossini PM. Vascular damage and EEG markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:1866-76. [PMID: 17576096 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the changes induced by cerebrovascular (CV) damage on brain rhythmicity recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) in a cohort of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS We enrolled 99 MCI subjects (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] mean score 26.6). All subjects underwent EEG recording and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). EEGs were recorded at rest. Individual EEG frequencies were indexed by the theta/alpha transition frequency (TF) and by the individual alpha frequency (IAF) with power peak in the extended alpha range (5-14 Hz). Relative power was separately computed for delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3 frequency bands on the basis of the TF and IAF values. Subsequently, we divided the cohort in four sub-groups based on subcortical CV damage as scored by the age-related white matter changes scale (ARWMC). RESULTS CV damage was associated with 'slowing' of TF proportional to its severity. In the spectral bandpower the severity of vascular damage was associated with increased delta power and decreased alpha2 power. No association of vascular damage was observed with IAF and alpha3 power. Moreover, the theta/alpha1 ratio could be a reliable index for the estimation of the individual extent of CV damage. CONCLUSIONS EEG analysis may show physiological markers sensitive to CV damage. The appropriate use of this EEG index may help the differential diagnosis of different forms of cognitive decline, namely primary degenerative and secondary to CV damage. SIGNIFICANCE The EEG neurophysiological approach, together with anatomical features from imaging, could be helpful in the understanding of the functional substrate of dementing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Moretti
- IRCCS S. Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, 4, Pilastroni Road, 25125 Brescia, Italy.
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Buscema M, Rossini P, Babiloni C, Grossi E. The IFAST model, a novel parallel nonlinear EEG analysis technique, distinguishes mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients with high degree of accuracy. Artif Intell Med 2007; 40:127-41. [PMID: 17466496 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper presents the results obtained with the innovative use of special types of artificial neural networks (ANNs) assembled in a novel methodology named IFAST (implicit function as squashing time) capable of compressing the temporal sequence of electroencephalographic (EEG) data into spatial invariants. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of this parallel and nonlinear EEG analysis technique in distinguishing between subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with a high degree of accuracy in comparison with standard and advanced nonlinear techniques. The principal aim of the study was testing the hypothesis that automatic classification of MCI and AD subjects can be reasonably correct when the spatial content of the EEG voltage is properly extracted by ANNs. METHODS AND MATERIAL Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 180 AD patients and in 115 MCI subjects. The spatial content of the EEG voltage was extracted by IFAST step-wise procedure using ANNs. The data input for the classification operated by ANNs were not the EEG data, but the connections weights of a nonlinear auto-associative ANN trained to reproduce the recorded EEG tracks. These weights represented a good model of the peculiar spatial features of the EEG patterns at scalp surface. The classification based on these parameters was binary (MCI versus AD) and was performed by a supervised ANN. Half of the EEG database was used for the ANN training and the remaining half was utilised for the automatic classification phase (testing). RESULTS The best results distinguishing between AD and MCI reached to 92.33%. The comparative results obtained with the best method so far described in the literature, based on blind source separation and Wavelet pre-processing, were 80.43% (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The results confirmed the working hypothesis that a correct automatic classification of MCI and AD subjects can be obtained extracting spatial information content of the resting EEG voltage by ANNs and represent the basis for research aimed at integrating spatial and temporal information content of the EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Buscema
- Semeion Research Centre, Via Sersale, 117, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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Babiloni C, Squitti R, Del Percio C, Cassetta E, Ventriglia MC, Ferreri F, Tombini M, Frisoni G, Binetti G, Gurzi M, Salinari S, Zappasodi F, Rossini PM. Free copper and resting temporal EEG rhythms correlate across healthy, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:1244-60. [PMID: 17462944 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study tested the hypothesis that the serum copper abnormalities were correlated with alterations of resting electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms across the continuum of healthy elderly (Hold), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD subjects. METHODS Resting eyes-closed EEG rhythms delta (2-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13Hz), beta 1 (13-20Hz), beta 2 (20-30Hz), and gamma (30-40Hz), estimated by LORETA, were recorded in 17 Hold, 19 MCI, 27 AD- (MMSE< or =20), and 27 AD+ (MMSE20) individuals and correlated with copper biological variables. RESULTS Across the continuum of Hold, MCI and AD subjects, alpha sources in parietal, occipital, and temporal areas were decreased, while the magnitude of the delta and theta EEG sources in parietal, occipital, and temporal areas was increased. The fraction of serum copper unbound to ceruloplasmin positively correlated with temporal and frontal delta sources, regardless of the effects of age, gender, and education. CONCLUSIONS These results sustain the hypothesis of a toxic component of serum copper that is correlated with functional loss of AD, as revealed by EEG indexes. SIGNIFICANCE The present study represents the first demonstration that the fraction of serum copper unbound to ceruloplasmin is correlated with cortical delta rhythms across Hold, MCI, and AD subjects, thus unveiling possible relationships among the biological parameter, advanced neurodegenerative processes, and synchronization mechanisms regulating the relative amplitude of selective EEG rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Dip Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia, Univ La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Homocysteine and electroencephalographic rhythms in Alzheimer disease: a multicentric study. Neuroscience 2007; 145:942-54. [PMID: 17321055 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
High plasma concentration of homocysteine is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to microvascular impairment and consequent neural loss [Seshadri S, Beiser A, Selhub J, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH, D'Agostino RB, Wilson PW, Wolf PA (2002) Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 346(7):476-483]. Is high plasma homocysteine level related to slow electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms in awake resting AD subjects, as a reflection of known relationships between cortical neural loss and these rhythms? To test this hypothesis, we enrolled 34 mild AD patients and 34 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Enrolled people were then subdivided into four sub-groups of 17 persons: MCI and AD subjects with low homocysteine level (MCI- and AD-, homocysteine level <11 micromol/l); MCI and AD subjects with high homocysteine level (MCI+ and AD+, homocysteine level >or=11 micromol/l). Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Results showed that delta (frontal and temporal), theta (central, frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal), alpha 1 (parietal, occipital, and temporal), and alpha 2 (parietal and occipital) sources were stronger in magnitude in AD+ than AD- group. Instead, no difference was found between MCI- and MCI+ groups. In conclusion, high plasma homocysteine level is related to unselective increment of cortical delta, theta, and alpha rhythms in mild AD, thus unveiling possible relationships among that level, microvascular concomitants of advanced neurodegenerative processes, and synchronization mechanisms generating EEG rhythms.
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Buscema M, Capriotti M, Bergami F, Babiloni C, Rossini P, Grossi E. The implicit function as squashing time model: a novel parallel nonlinear EEG analysis technique distinguishing mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease subjects with high degree of accuracy. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2007; 2007:35021. [PMID: 18309366 PMCID: PMC2246031 DOI: 10.1155/2007/35021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective. This paper presents the results obtained using a protocol based on special types of artificial neural networks (ANNs) assembled in a novel methodology able to compress the temporal sequence of electroencephalographic (EEG) data into spatial invariants for the automatic classification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects. With reference to the procedure reported in our previous study (2007), this protocol includes a new type of artificial organism, named TWIST. The working hypothesis was that compared to the results presented by the workgroup (2007); the new artificial organism TWIST could produce a better classification between AD and MCI. Material and methods. Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 180 AD patients and in 115 MCI subjects. The data inputs for the classification, instead of being the EEG data, were the weights of the connections within a nonlinear autoassociative ANN trained to generate the recorded data. The most relevant features were selected and coincidently the datasets were split in the two halves for the final binary classification (training and testing) performed by a supervised ANN. Results. The best results distinguishing between AD and MCI were equal to 94.10% and they are considerable better than the ones reported in our previous study ( approximately 92%) (2007). Conclusion. The results confirm the working hypothesis that a correct automatic classification of MCI and AD subjects can be obtained by extracting spatial information content of the resting EEG voltage by ANNs and represent the basis for research aimed at integrating spatial and temporal information content of the EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Buscema
- Semeion Research Centre of Sciences of Communication, Via Sersale, 117, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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Spiegel A, Tonner PH, Renna M. Altered states of consciousness: Processed EEG in mental disease. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2006; 20:57-67. [PMID: 16634414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2005.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Due to increasing life expectancy and a rising elderly population in Europe, the incidence of mild cognitive impairment which may predict diseases like Alzheimer's Disease or Vascular Dementia, is rising. Neurophysiological techniques are simple and inexpensive tools for early diagnosis and provide useful and objective correlates of cognitive activity both in normal subjects and patients suffering from the above conditions. Cognitive impairment due to different mental disease is characterized by decreased power and coherence in the alpha/beta band, which suggests functional disconnection among cortical areas, whereas both power and coherence in the delta and theta bands increase as a sign of cortical deafferentation from subcortical structures. Quantification of power and phase relationship by bispectral analysis suggests the Bispectral Index could be a useful but simple tool for early diagnosis of mental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Spiegel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schwanenweg 21, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Babiloni C, Benussi L, Binetti G, Bosco P, Busonero G, Cesaretti S, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Ghidoni R, Rodriguez G, Squitti R, Rossini PM. Genotype (cystatin C) and EEG phenotype in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment: A multicentric study. Neuroimage 2006; 29:948-64. [PMID: 16213753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous findings demonstrated that haplotype B of CST3, the gene coding for cystatin C, is a recessive risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD; Finckh, U., von der Kammer, H., Velden, J., Michel, T., Andresen, B., Deng, A., Zhang, J., Muller-Thomsen, T., Zuchowski, K., Menzer, G., Mann, U., Papassotiropoulos, A., Heun, R., Zurdel, J., Holst, F., Benussi, L., Stoppe, G., Reiss, J., Miserez, A.R., Staehelin, H.B., Rebeck, G.W., Hyman, B.T., Binetti, G., Hock, C., Growdon, J.H., Nitsch, R.M., 2000. Genetic association of the cystatin C gene with late-onset Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 57, 1579-1583). In the present multicentric electroencephalographic (EEG) study, we analyzed the effects of CST3 haplotypes on resting cortical rhythmicity in subjects with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with the hypothesis that sources of resting EEG rhythms are more impaired in carriers of the CST3 B haplotype than non-carriers. We enrolled a population of 84 MCI subjects (42% with the B haplotype) and 65 AD patients (40% with the B haplotype). Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in all subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Results showed that the amplitude of alpha 1 (parietal, occipital, temporal areas) and alpha 2 (occipital area) was statistically lower in CST3 B carriers than non-carriers (P < 0.01). Whereas there was a trend towards statistical significance that amplitude of occipital delta sources was stronger in CST3 B carriers than in non-carriers. This was true for both MCI and AD subjects. The present findings represent the first demonstration of relationships between the AD genetic risk factor CST3 B and global neurophysiological phenotype (i.e., cortical delta and alpha rhythmicity) in MCI and AD subjects, prompting future genotype-EEG phenotype studies for the early prediction of AD conversion in individual MCI subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Dip. Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia, Univ. La Sapienza Rome, Italy.
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Babiloni C, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Hirata K, Lanuzza B, Miniussi C, Moretti DV, Nobili F, Rodriguez G, Romani GL, Salinari S, Rossini PM. Sources of cortical rhythms change as a function of cognitive impairment in pathological aging: a multicenter study. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 117:252-68. [PMID: 16377238 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study tested the hypothesis that cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms. change across normal elderly (Nold), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects as a function of the global cognitive level. METHODS Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 155 MCI, 193 mild AD, and 126 age-matched Nold subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by LORETA. RESULTS Occipital delta and alpha 1 sources in parietal, occipital, temporal, and 'limbic' areas had an intermediate magnitude in MCI subjects compared to mild AD and Nold subjects. These five EEG sources presented both linear and nonlinear (linear, exponential, logarithmic, and power) correlations with the global cognitive level (as revealed by mini mental state examination score) across all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Cortical EEG rhythms change in pathological aging as a function of the global cognitive level. SIGNIFICANCE The present functional data on large populations support the 'transitional hypothesis' of a shadow zone across normality, pre-clinical stage of dementia (MCI), and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Dip. Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia, Univ. La Sapienza Rome, Italy.
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Babiloni C, Benussi L, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Frisoni G, Ghidoni R, Miniussi C, Rodriguez G, Romani GL, Squitti R, Ventriglia MC, Rossini PM. Apolipoprotein E and alpha brain rhythms in mild cognitive impairment: A multicentric Electroencephalogram study. Ann Neurol 2005; 59:323-34. [PMID: 16358334 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Relationships between the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythmicity have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients but not in the preclinical stage prodromic to it, namely, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The present multicentric EEG study tested the hypothesis that presence of epsilon4 affects sources of resting EEG rhythms in both MCI and AD subjects. METHODS We enrolled 89 MCI subjects (34.8% with epsilon4) and 103 AD patients (50.4% with epsilon4). Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded for all subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. RESULTS Results showed that amplitude of alpha 1 and 2 sources in occipital, temporal, and limbic areas was lower in subjects carrying the epsilon4 allele than in those not carrying the epsilon4 allele (p < 0.01). This was true for both MCI and AD. For the first time to our knowledge, a relationship was shown between ApoE genotype and global neurophysiological phenotype (ie, cortical alpha rhythmicity) in a preclinical AD condition, MCI, in addition to clinically manifest AD. INTERPRETATION Such a demonstration motivates future genotype-EEG phenotype studies for the early prediction of AD conversion in individual MCI subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia, Universitá La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Babiloni C, Binetti G, Cassetta E, Cerboneschi D, Dal Forno G, Del Percio C, Ferreri F, Ferri R, Lanuzza B, Miniussi C, Moretti DV, Nobili F, Pascual-Marqui RD, Rodriguez G, Romani GL, Salinari S, Tecchio F, Vitali P, Zanetti O, Zappasodi F, Rossini PM. Mapping distributed sources of cortical rhythms in mild Alzheimer's disease. A multicentric EEG study. Neuroimage 2004; 22:57-67. [PMID: 15109997 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2003] [Revised: 09/10/2003] [Accepted: 09/10/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed at mapping (i) the distributed electroencephalographic (EEG) sources specific for mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to vascular dementia (VaD) or normal elderly people (Nold) and (ii) the distributed EEG sources sensitive to the mild AD at different stages of severity. Resting EEG (10-20 electrode montage) was recorded from 48 mild AD, 20 VaD, and 38 Nold subjects. Both AD and VaD patients had 24-17 of mini mental state examination (MMSE). EEG rhythms were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). Cortical EEG sources were modeled by low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Regarding issue i, there was a decline of central, parietal, temporal, and limbic alpha 1 (low alpha) sources specific for mild AD group with respect to Nold and VaD groups. Furthermore, occipital alpha 1 sources showed a strong decline in mild AD compared to VaD group. Finally, distributed theta sources were largely abnormal in VaD but not in mild AD group. Regarding issue ii, there was a lower power of occipital alpha 1 sources in mild AD subgroup having more severe disease. Compared to previous field studies, this was the first investigation that illustrated the power spectrum profiles at the level of cortical (macroregions) EEG sources in mild AD patients having different severity of the disease with respect to VaD and normal subjects. Future studies should evaluate the clinical usefulness of this approach in early differential diagnosis, disease staging, and therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia, Sezione di EEG ad Alta Risoluzione, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Gamma A, Lehmann D, Frei E, Iwata K, Pascual‐Marqui RD, Vollenweider FX. Comparison of simultaneously recorded [H2(15)O]-PET and LORETA during cognitive and pharmacological activation. Hum Brain Mapp 2004; 22:83-96. [PMID: 15108296 PMCID: PMC6871957 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The complementary strengths and weaknesses of established functional brain imaging methods (high spatial, low temporal resolution) and EEG-based techniques (low spatial, high temporal resolution) make their combined use a promising avenue for studying brain processes at a more fine-grained level. However, this strategy requires a better understanding of the relationship between hemodynamic/metabolic and neuroelectric measures of brain activity. We investigated possible correspondences between cerebral blood flow (CBF) as measured by [H2O]-PET and intracerebral electric activity computed by Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) from scalp-recorded multichannel EEG in healthy human subjects during cognitive and pharmacological stimulation. The two imaging modalities were compared by descriptive, correlational, and variance analyses, the latter carried out using statistical parametric mapping (SPM99). Descriptive visual comparison showed a partial overlap between the sets of active brain regions detected by the two modalities. A number of exclusively positive correlations of neuroelectric activity with regional CBF were found across the whole EEG frequency range, including slow wave activity, the latter finding being in contrast to most previous studies conducted in patients. Analysis of variance revealed an extensive lack of statistically significant correspondences between brain activity changes as measured by PET vs. EEG-LORETA. In general, correspondences, to the extent they were found, were dependent on experimental condition, brain region, and EEG frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gamma
- Research Unit, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dietrich Lehmann
- The KEY‐Institute for Brain‐Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edi Frei
- Research Unit, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kazuki Iwata
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba‐ku, Sendai, Japan
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Strijkstra AM, Beersma DGM, Drayer B, Halbesma N, Daan S. Subjective sleepiness correlates negatively with global alpha (8-12 Hz) and positively with central frontal theta (4-8 Hz) frequencies in the human resting awake electroencephalogram. Neurosci Lett 2003; 340:17-20. [PMID: 12648748 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Subjective sleepiness is part of the system controlling the decision to go to sleep in humans. Extended periods of waking lead to increased sleepiness, as well as to changes in cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) during waking. We investigated the association of sleepiness and awake EEG spectra during 40 h of wakefulness using multi-electrode EEG recordings for full coverage of the scalp. We found: (1). strong negative correlations of alpha (8-12 Hz) power with subjective sleepiness at all scalp locations, suggesting a negative association between sleepiness and general cortical activation; and (2). positive correlations of theta (4-8 Hz) power with subjective sleepiness with a focus on frontal locations, suggesting additional location specific associations between sleepiness and cortical activation. These findings support the notion that sleepiness is directly represented in the awake EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen M Strijkstra
- Animal Behavior, University of Groningen, PO Box 14, NL-9750 AA The, Haren, Netherlands.
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Gallois P, Forzy G, Leduc JJ, Andres F, Peyrodie L, Lefebvre E, Hautecoeur P. [Comparison of spectral analysis and non-linear analysis of EEG in patients with cognitive decline]. Neurophysiol Clin 2002; 32:297-302. [PMID: 12490327 DOI: 10.1016/s0987-7053(02)00342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five elder subjects were classified in two groups according to the MMS score and the cognitive evoked potentials. Normal subjects (n = 15) had mean MMS = 27.6 and mean P3 amplitude = 7.1 uV), while patients with cognitive decline (n = 10) had respective values of 18 (MMS) and 3.3 uV (P3). Spectral analysis and non-linear analysis of EEG (recurrence plots of dynamical systems) were performed and both showed statistically significant differences between groups for all the parameters analysed. Subjects' classification with discriminant analysis was slightly better using the non-linear parameters. The recurrence plot method applied to EEGs, gave similar results as the dimension of correlation (D2) calculation, and was in favour of a more constraint and less complex dynamics of brain activity associated with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Gallois
- Service d'explorations fonctionnelles, centre hospitalier Saint-Vincent, Lille, France.
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Dierks T, Jelic V, Pascual-Marqui RD, Wahlund L, Julin P, Linden DE, Maurer K, Winblad B, Nordberg A. Spatial pattern of cerebral glucose metabolism (PET) correlates with localization of intracerebral EEG-generators in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2000; 111:1817-24. [PMID: 11018498 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the measurement of human cerebral glucose metabolism (GluM) by positron emission tomography (PET) and that of human cerebral electrical activity by EEG reflect synaptic activity, both methods should be related in their cerebral spatial distribution. Healthy subjects do indeed demonstrate similar metabolic and neuroelectric spatial patterns. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to show that this similarity of GluM and EEG spatial patterns holds true in a population with a high variability of glucose metabolism. METHODS We investigated healthy control subjects and patients with varying degrees of cognitive dysfunction and varying GluM patterns by applying [18F]FDG PET and EEG. RESULTS We demonstrated that the localization of intracerebral generators of EEG correlates with spatial indices of GluM. CONCLUSION These results indicates that EEG provides similar spatial information about brain function as GluM-PET. Since EEG is a non-invasive technique, which is more widely available and can be repeated more often than PET, this may have important implications both for neuropsychiatric research and for clinical diagnosis. However, further studies are required to determine whether equivalent EEG dipole generators can yield a diagnostic specificity and sensitivity similar to that of GluM-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dierks
- Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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