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Černoša A, Gostinčar C, Lavrin T, Kostanjšek R, Lenassi M, Gunde-Cimerman N. Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from biotechnologically important fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:16. [PMID: 36320088 PMCID: PMC9628041 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as an important mechanism for cell-cell interactions. Their role in fungi is still poorly understood and they have been isolated from only a handful of species. Here, we isolated and characterized EVs from Aureobasidium pullulans, a biotechnologically important black yeast-like fungus that is increasingly used for biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. After optimization of the isolation protocol, characterization of EVs from A. pullulans by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a typical cup-shaped morphology and different subpopulations of EVs. These results were confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), which revealed that A. pullulans produced 6.1 × 108 nanoparticles per milliliter of culture medium. Proteomic analysis of EVs detected 642 proteins. A small fraction of them had signal peptides for secretion and transmembrane domains. Proteins characteristic of different synthesis pathways were found, suggesting that EVs are synthesized by multiple pathways in A. pullulans. Enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology showed that most of the proteins found in the EVs were associated with primary metabolism. When sequencing the small RNA fraction of A. pullulans EVs, we found two hypothetical novel mil-RNAs. Finally, we tested the biocontrol potential of EVs from A. pullulans. The EVs did not inhibit the germination of spores of three important phytopathogenic fungi-Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Penicillium expansum. However, exposure of grown cultures of C. acutatum and P. expansum to A. pullulans EVs resulted in visible changes in morphology of colonies. These preliminary results suggest that EVs may be part of the antagonistic activity of A. pullulans, which is so far only partially understood. Thus, the first isolation and characterization of EVs from A. pullulans provides a starting point for further studies of EVs in the biotechnologically important traits of the biocontrol black fungus A. pullulans in particular and in the biological role of fungal EVs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Černoša
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Teja Lavrin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Kostanjšek
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Acidic Neutralization by Indigenous Bacteria Isolated from Abandoned Mine Areas. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil acidification has been a serious problem in abandoned mine areas, and could be exacerbated by acid deposition with the release of mine wastes. In this study, three different indigenous bacterial consortia were isolated from abandoned mines in South Korea, from which the potential for acid neutralization of microorganisms was evaluated. They were all able to neutralize acidity within 24 h in the liquid nutrient medium. Moreover, a strong positive correlation (R = +0.922, p < 0.05) was established between the ammonium ion (NH4+) production yield and the resulting pH, indicating that NH4+ served as an important metabolite for biological neutralization. Serratialiquefaciens, Citrobacter youngae, Pseudescherichia vulneris, and Serratia grimesii had higher acid neutralization ability to generate NH4+ by the metabolism of nitrogen compounds such as carboxylation and urea hydrolysis. Therefore, acidic soils can be expected to be ameliorated by indigenous microorganisms through in situ biostimulation with the adequate introduction of nitrogenous substances into the soil environments.
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Černoša A, Sun X, Gostinčar C, Fang C, Gunde-Cimerman N, Song Z. Virulence Traits and Population Genomics of the Black Yeast Aureobasidium melanogenum. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080665. [PMID: 34436204 PMCID: PMC8401163 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The black yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium melanogenum is an opportunistic human pathogen frequently found indoors. Its traits, potentially linked to pathogenesis, have never been systematically studied. Here, we examine 49 A. melanogenum strains for growth at 37 °C, siderophore production, hemolytic activity, and assimilation of hydrocarbons and human neurotransmitters and report within-species variability. All but one strain grew at 37 °C. All strains produced siderophores and showed some hemolytic activity. The largest differences between strains were observed in the assimilation of hydrocarbons and human neurotransmitters. We show for the first time that fungi from the order Dothideales can assimilate aromatic hydrocarbons. To explain the background, we sequenced the genomes of all 49 strains and identified genes putatively involved in siderophore production and hemolysis. Genomic analysis revealed a fairly structured population of A.melanogenum, raising the possibility that some phylogenetic lineages have higher virulence potential than others. Population genomics indicated that the species is strictly clonal, although more than half of the genomes were diploid. The existence of relatively heterozygous diploids in an otherwise clonal species is described for only the second time in fungi. The genomic and phenotypic data from this study should help to resolve the non-trivial taxonomy of the genus Aureobasidium and reduce the medical hazards of exploiting the biotechnological potential of other, non-pathogenic species of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Černoša
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Č.); (N.G.-C.)
| | - Xiaohuan Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.S.); (C.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Č.); (N.G.-C.)
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +386-1-320-3392
| | - Chao Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.S.); (C.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Č.); (N.G.-C.)
| | - Zewei Song
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.S.); (C.F.); (Z.S.)
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Ou SN, Liang JL, Jiang XM, Liao B, Jia P, Shu WS, Li JT. Physiological, Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Adaptation Mechanisms of Acidiella bohemica to Extreme Acid Mine Drainage Environments. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:705839. [PMID: 34305876 PMCID: PMC8298002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.705839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi in acid mine drainage (AMD) environments are of great concern due to their potentials of decomposing organic carbon, absorbing heavy metals and reducing AMD acidity. Based on morphological analysis and ITS/18S high-throughput sequencing technology, previous studies have provided deep insights into the diversity and community composition of fungi in AMD environments. However, knowledge about physiology, metabolic potential and transcriptome profiles of fungi inhabiting AMD environments is still scarce. Here, we reported the physiological, genomic, and transcriptomic characterization of Acidiella bohemica SYSU C17045 to improve our understanding of the physiological, genomic, and transcriptomic mechanisms underlying fungal adaptation to AMD environments. A. bohemica was isolated from an AMD environment, which has been proved to be an acidophilic fungus in this study. The surface of A. bohemica cultured in AMD solutions was covered with a large number of minerals such as jarosite. We thus inferred that the A. bohemica might have the potential of biologically induced mineralization. Taking advantage of PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing, we obtained the high-quality genome sequences of A. bohemica (50 Mbp). To our knowledge, this was the first attempt to employ a third-generation sequencing technology to explore the genomic traits of fungi isolated from AMD environments. Moreover, our transcriptomic analysis revealed that a series of genes in the A. bohemica genome were related to its metabolic pathways of C, N, S, and Fe as well as its adaptation mechanisms, including the response to acid stress and the resistance to heavy metals. Overall, our physiological, genomic, and transcriptomic data provide a foundation for understanding the metabolic potential and adaptation mechanisms of fungi in AMD environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ning Ou
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Liang Liang
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Min Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Shu
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Tian Li
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Zajc J, Gostinčar C, Černoša A, Gunde-Cimerman N. Stress-Tolerant Yeasts: Opportunistic Pathogenicity Versus Biocontrol Potential. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010042. [PMID: 30646593 PMCID: PMC6357073 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-tolerant fungi that can thrive under various environmental extremes are highly desirable for their application to biological control, as an alternative to chemicals for pest management. However, in fungi, the mechanisms of stress tolerance might also have roles in mammal opportunism. We tested five species with high biocontrol potential in agriculture (Aureobasidium pullulans, Debayomyces hansenii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Metschnikowia fructicola, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and two species recognized as emerging opportunistic human pathogens (Exophiala dermatitidis, Aureobasidium melanogenum) for growth under oligotrophic conditions and at 37 °C, and for tolerance to oxidative stress, formation of biofilms, production of hydrolytic enzymes and siderophores, and use of hydrocarbons as sole carbon source. The results show large overlap between traits desirable for biocontrol and traits linked to opportunism (growth under oligotrophic conditions, production of siderophores, high oxidative stress tolerance, and specific enzyme activities). Based on existing knowledge and these data, we suggest that oligotrophism and thermotolerance together with siderophore production at 37 °C, urease activity, melanization, and biofilm production are the main traits that increase the potential for fungi to cause opportunistic infections in mammals. These traits should be carefully considered when assessing safety of potential biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Zajc
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Institut 'Jožef Stefan', Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anja Černoša
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Okai M, Suwa C, Nagaoka S, Obara N, Mitsuya D, Kurihara A, Ishida M, Urano N. Neutralization of acidic drainage by Cryptococcus sp. T1 immobilized in alginate beads. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:2216-2224. [PMID: 28914179 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1373586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We isolated Cryptococcus sp. T1 from Lake Tazawa's acidic water in Japan. Cryptococcus sp. T1 neutralized an acidic casamino acid solution (pH 3.0) and released ammonia from the casamino acids to aid the neutralization. The neutralization volume was estimated to be approximately 0.4 mL/h. The casamino acids' amino acids decreased (1.24→0.15 mM); ammonia increased (0.22→0.99 mM). We neutralized acidic drainage water (1 L) from a Tamagawa River neutralization plant, which was run through the column with the T1-immobilized alginate beads at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and observed that the viscosity, particle size and amounts of the alginate beads affected the acidic drainage neutralization with an increase of the pH value from 5.26 to 6.61 in the last fraction. An increase in the Al concentration decreased Cryptococcus sp. T1's neutralization ability. After 48 h, the pH of acidic water with 50 mg/L Al was apparently lower than that without Al. Almost no pH increase was observed at 75 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Okai
- a Department of Ocean Sciences , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Chisato Suwa
- a Department of Ocean Sciences , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shintaro Nagaoka
- a Department of Ocean Sciences , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Nobuo Obara
- a Department of Ocean Sciences , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Daisuke Mitsuya
- a Department of Ocean Sciences , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ayako Kurihara
- b Department of Marine Biosciences , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masami Ishida
- a Department of Ocean Sciences , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoto Urano
- a Department of Ocean Sciences , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
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Gostinčar C, Ohm RA, Kogej T, Sonjak S, Turk M, Zajc J, Zalar P, Grube M, Sun H, Han J, Sharma A, Chiniquy J, Ngan CY, Lipzen A, Barry K, Grigoriev IV, Gunde-Cimerman N. Genome sequencing of four Aureobasidium pullulans varieties: biotechnological potential, stress tolerance, and description of new species. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:549. [PMID: 24984952 PMCID: PMC4227064 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aureobasidium pullulans is a black-yeast-like fungus used for production of the polysaccharide pullulan and the antimycotic aureobasidin A, and as a biocontrol agent in agriculture. It can cause opportunistic human infections, and it inhabits various extreme environments. To promote the understanding of these traits, we performed de-novo genome sequencing of the four varieties of A. pullulans. RESULTS The 25.43-29.62 Mb genomes of these four varieties of A. pullulans encode between 10266 and 11866 predicted proteins. Their genomes encode most of the enzyme families involved in degradation of plant material and many sugar transporters, and they have genes possibly associated with degradation of plastic and aromatic compounds. Proteins believed to be involved in the synthesis of pullulan and siderophores, but not of aureobasidin A, are predicted. Putative stress-tolerance genes include several aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins, large numbers of alkali-metal cation transporters, genes for the synthesis of compatible solutes and melanin, all of the components of the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway, and bacteriorhodopsin-like proteins. All of these genomes contain a homothallic mating-type locus. CONCLUSIONS The differences between these four varieties of A. pullulans are large enough to justify their redefinition as separate species: A. pullulans, A. melanogenum, A. subglaciale and A. namibiae. The redundancy observed in several gene families can be linked to the nutritional versatility of these species and their particular stress tolerance. The availability of the genome sequences of the four Aureobasidium species should improve their biotechnological exploitation and promote our understanding of their stress-tolerance mechanisms, diverse lifestyles, and pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cene Gostinčar
- />Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI 1000 Slovenia
- />National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI 1000 Slovenia
| | - Robin A Ohm
- />US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Michell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Tina Kogej
- />Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI 1000 Slovenia
| | - Silva Sonjak
- />Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI 1000 Slovenia
| | - Martina Turk
- />Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI 1000 Slovenia
| | - Janja Zajc
- />Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI 1000 Slovenia
| | - Polona Zalar
- />Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI 1000 Slovenia
| | - Martin Grube
- />Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Holteigasse 6, Graz, A-8010 Austria
| | - Hui Sun
- />US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Michell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - James Han
- />US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Michell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Aditi Sharma
- />US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Michell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Jennifer Chiniquy
- />US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Michell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Chew Yee Ngan
- />US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Michell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- />US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Michell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- />US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Michell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- />US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Michell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- />Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI 1000 Slovenia
- />Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Jamova 39, Ljubljana, SI 1000 Slovenia
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Evolution of Fungal Pathogens in Domestic Environments? Fungal Biol 2011; 115:1008-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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GostinÄar C, Grube M, De Hoog S, Zalar P, Gunde-Cimerman N. Extremotolerance in fungi: evolution on the edge. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 71:2-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Das BK, Roy A, Koschorreck M, Mandal SM, Wendt-Potthoff K, Bhattacharya J. Occurrence and role of algae and fungi in acid mine drainage environment with special reference to metals and sulfate immobilization. WATER RESEARCH 2009; 43:883-894. [PMID: 19110292 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Passive remediation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is a popular technology under development in current research. Roles of algae and fungi, the natural residents of AMD and its attenuator are not emphasized adequately in the mine water research. Living symbiotically various species of algae and fungi effectively enrich the carbon sources that help to maintain the sulfate reducing bacterial (SRB) population in predominantly anaerobic environment. Algae produce anoxic zone for SRB action and help in biogenic alkalinity generation. While studies on algal population and actions are relatively available those on fungal population are limited. Fungi show capacity to absorb significant amount of metals in their cell wall, or by extracellular polysaccharide slime. This review tries to throw light on the roles of these two types of microorganisms and to document their activities in holistic form in the mine water environment. This work, inter alia, points out the potential and gap areas of likely future research before potential applications based on fungi and algae initiated AMD remediation can be made on sound understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidus Kanti Das
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Nabeshima R, Kusumoto N, Katoh S, Shiomi N. Neutralization of acidified water by use of Rhizopus delemar immobilized with a cellulose membrane. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shiomi N, Yamaguchi Y, Nakai H, Fujita T, Katsuda T, Katoh S. Degradation of cyanuric acid in soil by Pseudomonas sp. NRRL B-12227 using bioremediation with self-immobilization system. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:206-9. [PMID: 17046534 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rates of degradation of cyanuric acid, a key intermediate in a metabolic pathway of s-triazine herbicides, were measured for Pseudomonas sp. NRRL B-12227. The rate of degradation was affected by the rate of cyanuric acid transport through cell membranes and the activity of cyanuric acid amidohydrolase inside the cells. At low concentrations of cyanuric acid, the acclimation of cells to cyanuric acid and/or added nutrients effectively enhanced the degradation rate. The strain was also applied to bioremediation using a Bioremediation with Self-Immobilization System (BSIS), in which Pseudomonas sp. NRRL B-12227 cells were co-immobilized with Bacillus subtilis, the latter of which secretes a viscous polymer, in a shallow layer of soil packed in a column. More than 70% of the Pseudomonas sp. NRRL B-12227 cells were co-immobilized with the B. subtilis in a 7.5 cm layer of the packed soil by self-aggregation. More than 60% of the 1 mM cyanuric acid supplied to the packed soil was degraded in this layer during a 72 h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Shiomi
- Department of Biosphere Sciences, Kobe College, 4-1 Okadayama, Nishinomiya, Japan
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