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Barratt-Due A, Pettersen K, Børresdatter-Dahl T, Holter JC, Grønli RH, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Lerum TV, Holten AR, Tonby K, Trøseid M, Skjønsberg OH, Granerud BK, Heggelund L, Kildal AB, Schjalm C, Aaløkken TM, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Mollnes TE, Halvorsen B. Escalated complement activation during hospitalization is associated with higher risk of 60-day mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. J Intern Med 2024; 296:80-92. [PMID: 38539241 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system, an upstream recognition system of innate immunity, is activated upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. To gain a deeper understanding of the extent and duration of this activation, we investigated complement activation profiles during the acute phase of COVID-19, its persistence post-recovery and dynamic changes in relation to disease severity. METHODS Serial blood samples were obtained from two cohorts of hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n = 457). Systemic complement activation products reflecting classical/lectin (C4d), alternative (C3bBbP), common (C3bc) and terminal pathway (TCC and C5a) were measured during hospitalization (admission, days 3-5 and days 7-10), at 3 months and after 1 year. Levels of activation and temporal profiles during hospitalization were related to disease severity defined as respiratory failure (PO2/FiO2 ratio <26.6 kPa) and/or admission to intensive care unit, 60-day total mortality and pulmonary pathology after 3 months. FINDINGS During hospitalization, TCC, C4d, C3bc, C3bBbP and C5a were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls. Severely ill patients had significantly higher levels of TCC and C4d (p < 0.001), compared to patients with moderate COVID-19. Escalated levels of TCC and C4d during hospitalization were associated with a higher risk of 60-day mortality (p < 0.001), and C4d levels were additionally associated with chest CT changes at 3 months (p < 0.001). At 3 months and 1 year, we observed consistently elevated levels of most complement activation products compared to controls. CONCLUSION Hospitalized COVID-19 patients display prominent and long-lasting systemic complement activation. Optimal targeting of the system may be achieved through enhanced risk stratification and closer monitoring of in-hospital changes of complement activation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Jan Cato Holter
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tøri Vigeland Lerum
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksander Rygh Holten
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole H Skjønsberg
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Kiland Granerud
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Benjamin Kildal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Camilla Schjalm
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Mogens Aaløkken
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Tian S, Liu W, Liu B, Ye F, Xu Z, Wan Q, Li Y, Zhang X. Mechanistic study of C 5F 10O-induced lung toxicity in rats: An eco-friendly insulating gas alternative to SF 6. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170271. [PMID: 38262248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The global warming and other environmental problems caused by SF6 emissions can be reduced due to the widespread use of eco-friendly insulating gas, perfluoropentanone (C5F10O). However, there is an exposure risk to populations in areas near C5F10O equipment, so it is important to clarify its biosafety and pathogenesis before large-scale application. In this paper, histopathology, transcriptomics, 4D-DIA proteomics, and LC-MS metabolomics of rats exposed to 2000 ppm and 6000 ppm C5F10O are analyzed to reveal the mechanisms of toxicity and health risks. Histopathological shows that inflammatory cell infiltration, epithelial cell hyperplasia, and alveolar atrophy accompanied by alveolar wall thickening are present in both low-dose and high-dose groups. Analysis of transcriptomic and 4D-DIA proteomic show that Cell cycle and DNA replication can be activated by both 2000 ppm and 6000 ppm C5F10O to induce cell proliferation. In addition, it also leads to the activation of pathways such as Antigen processing and presentation, Cell adhesion molecules and Complement and coagulation cascades, T cell receptor signal path, Th1 and T cell receptor signal path, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, complement and coagulation cascades. Finally, LC-MS metabolomics analysis confirms that the metabolic pathways associated with glycerophospholipids, arachidonic acid, and linoleic acid are disrupted and become more severe with increasing doses. The mechanism of lung toxicity caused by C5F10O is systematically expounded based on the multi-omics analysis and provided biosafety references for further promotion and application of C5F10O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Tian
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Weihao Liu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Benli Liu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Fanchao Ye
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zhenjie Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Wan
- Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yi Li
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Wang W, Xu Q, Zang S, Liu X, Liu H, Li Z, Fan Q, Tan S, Shi K, Xia Y, Sha Z. Inflammatory reaction and immune response of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) after infection with Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109043. [PMID: 37673387 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Frequently occurred bacterial diseases have seriously affected the aquaculture industry of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Notably, vibriosis, with Vibrio anguillarum as one of the causative pathogens, is the most severe bacterial disease with severe inflammatory response of the host, leading to high mortality rates. In the present study, we explored the relationship between bacterial concentrations and host mortality, inflammatory reaction, and immune response in half-smooth tongue sole after infection with V. anguillarum at different concentrations (Treatment 1, 6.4 × 105 CFU/mL; Treatment 2, 6.4 × 106 CFU/mL). The mortality of Treatment 2 (77.5%) was significantly higher than that of Treatment 1 (10%), corresponding with bacterial concentrations. Although the number of deaths varies, intensive deaths were observed within 24 h post infection (hpi) in both bacterial concentration groups. Histopathological analyses revealed that fish tissues were most severely damaged at 24 or 48 hpi, and Treatment 2 was more severe than Treatment 1. A qRT-PCR-based detection method with virulence factor gene empA was established to quantify the bacterial loads in various tissues, and the bacterial loads were the highest at 24 hpi in Treatment 2, and at 48 hpi in Treatment 1. Additionally, the expression levels of complement genes (C5a, C3, C5, and C6), inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10), and other immune-related genes (jak2, NF-κB1, stat3, and tlr3) were increased in various tissues after infection in both treatment groups, with most genes being most expressed at 24 or 48 hpi, and expression levels of inflammatory factors in Treatment 2 were higher than those in Treatment 1. Moreover, the expression of C5a was positively correlated with that of proinflammatory cytokines in both bacterial concentration groups. According to the results of this study, 24-48 hpi was a key node for early vibriosis detection and intervention. Compared with the low mortality of Treatment 1, the mass death of fish in Treatment 2 was suggested to be caused by uncontrolled excessive inflammatory reaction induced by the overactivation of complement system, especially C5a. We believe these results could provide theoretical basis for prevention, evaluation, and treatment of vibrio disease in tongue sole aquaculture, and lay a solid foundation for future functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shaoqing Zang
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinbao Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhujun Li
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qingxin Fan
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Suxu Tan
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kunpeng Shi
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanting Xia
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhenxia Sha
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Tsakanova G, Stepanyan A, Steffensen R, Soghoyan A, Jensenius JC, Arakelyan A. Pattern Recognition Molecules of Lectin Complement Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:1347-1368. [PMID: 34707385 PMCID: PMC8544564 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s326242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to investigate in an Armenian population the levels of pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of lectin complement pathway (LCP), MBL (mannan-binding lectin) and M-ficolin in plasma in ischemic stroke (IS), and the possible association of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MBL2, FCN1 and FCN2 genes. Patients and Methods A total of 122 patients with IS and 150 control subjects were included in this study. Immunofluorometric assays (TRIFMAs) and real-time polymerase chain reactions with TaqMan probes were conducted. Results According to the results, the levels of M-ficolin in IS patients are significantly higher than in control subjects, and the MBL2 rs11003125 and rs12780112 SNPs, as well as MBL2 rs12780112*T and FCN1 rs10120023*T minor alleles (MAs) are negatively associated with the risk of IS. Further, MBL2 rs11003125 and rs1800450 SNPs and the carriage of their MAs, as well as FCN1 rs2989727 SNP and the carriage of FCN1 rs10120023*T MA significantly alter plasma MBL and M-ficolin levels in IS patients, respectively. Five common haplotypes in MBL2 gene and three common haplotypes in FCN1 and FCN2 genes were revealed, among which CGTC was negatively associated with IS and decreasing MBL plasma levels in IS. Conclusion In conclusion, we suggest that LCP PRMs are associated with the risk of developing IS, and may also participate in pathological events leading to post-ischemic brain damage. This study emphasizes the important contribution of alterations of LCP PRMs on genomic and proteomic levels to the pathomechanisms of ischemic stroke, at least in an Armenian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.,CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ani Stepanyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Armine Soghoyan
- "Surb Grigor Lusavorich" Medical Center CJSC, Yerevan, Armenia
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Ponticelli C, Campise MR. The inflammatory state is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and graft fibrosis in kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 2021; 100:536-545. [PMID: 33932457 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several factors, such as donor brain death, ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection, infection, and chronic allograft dysfunction, may induce an inflammatory state in kidney transplantation. Furthermore, inflammatory cells, cytokines, growth factors, complement and coagulation cascade create an unbalanced interaction with innate and adaptive immunity, which are both heavily involved in atherogenesis. The crosstalk between inflammation and thrombosis may lead to a prothrombotic state and impaired fibrinolysis in kidney transplant recipients increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Inflammation is also associated with elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 and low levels of Klotho, which contribute to major adverse cardiovascular events. Hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and physical inactivity may create a condition called metaflammation that concurs in atherogenesis. Another major consequence of the inflammatory state is the development of chronic hypoxia that through the mediation of interleukins 1 and 6, angiotensin II, and transforming growth factor beta can result in excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which can disrupt and replace functional parenchyma, leading to interstitial fibrosis and chronic allograft dysfunction. Lifestyle and regular physical activity may reduce inflammation. Several drugs have been proposed to control the graft inflammatory state, including low-dose aspirin, statins, renin-angiotensin inhibitors, xanthine-oxidase inhibitors, vitamin D supplements, and interleukin-6 blockade. However, no prospective controlled trial with these measures has been conducted in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ponticelli
- Division of Nephrology, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy (retired).
| | - Maria Rosaria Campise
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ca' Granda Foundation, Scientific Institute Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Almeida DDS, da Silva DPB, Moreira LKDS, Menegatti R, Lião LM, Sanz G, Vaz BG, Ghedini PC, Costa EA, Florentino IF. Investigation of anti-inflammatory potential of 5-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione compound. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173388. [PMID: 32768504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesise the novel di-tert-butylphenol compound, 5-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H, 5H)-dione (LQFM218), and evaluate the potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in acute (mice) models in vivo. The compound was tested on acute models of pain such as acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin-induced nociception and carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The anti-inflammatory activity was observed in paw oedema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy tests and inflammatory mediator quantification. Key findings: oral treatment with the LQFM218 (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) reduced abdominal writhing (18.8%, 31.6% and 48.3%). The dose intermediate (100 mg/kg) reduced the nociception in the second phase of the formalin test (61.4%), and also showed anti-hyperalgic activity in carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia (until 42.3%). In acute inflammation models, the treatment of mice LQFM218 (100 mg/kg) reduced the paw oedema all the time (33.8%, 42.6%, 37.4% and 36%) and in pleurisy test reduced: polymorphonuclear cell migration (35.4%), myeloperoxidase activity (52.2%) and the levels of inflammatory mediators such as PGE2 (23.0%), TNF-α (67.6%) and IL-1β (53.4%). The present study showed that LQFM218 effectively reduced the nociception and inflammation in different models, and its mechanism might be related to the reduction of PGE2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings show LQFM218 as a potential anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionys de S Almeida
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Daiany P B da Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lorrane K da S Moreira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luciano M Lião
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Germán Sanz
- Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Ghedini
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemistry Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elson A Costa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Iziara F Florentino
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Ram Kumar Pandian S, Arunachalam S, Deepak V, Kunjiappan S, Sundar K. Targeting complement cascade: an alternative strategy for COVID-19. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:479. [PMID: 33088671 PMCID: PMC7571295 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a stakeholder of the innate and adaptive immune system and has evolved as a crucial player of defense with multifaceted biological effects. Activation of three complement pathways leads to consecutive enzyme reactions resulting in complement components (C3 and C5), activation of mast cells and neutrophils by anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a), the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC) and end up with opsonization. However, the dysregulation of complement cascade leads to unsolicited cytokine storm, inflammation, deterioration of alveolar lining cells, culminating in acquired respiratory destructive syndrome (ARDS). Similar pathogenesis is observed with the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acquired respiratory syndrome (SARS), and SARS-CoV-2. Activation of the lectin pathway via mannose-binding lectin associated serine protease 2 (MASP2) is witnessed under discrete viral infections including COVID-19. Consequently, the spontaneous activation and deposits of complement components were traced in animal models and autopsy of COVID-19 patients. Pre-clinical and clinical studies evidence that the inhibition of complement components results in reduced complement deposits on target and non-target tissues, and aid in recovery from the pathological conditions of ARDS. Complement inhibitors (monoclonal antibody, protein, peptide, small molecules, etc.) exhibit great promise in blocking the activity of complement components and its downstream effects under various pathological conditions including SARS-CoV. Therefore, we hypothesize that targeting the potential complement inhibitors and complement cascade to counteract lung inflammation would be a better strategy to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu 626126 India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu 626126 India
| | - Venkataraman Deepak
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu 626126 India
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Derby, London, United Kingdom
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu 626126 India
| | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu 626126 India
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9
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Zhou CX, Xie SC, Li MY, Huang CQ, Zhou HY, Cong H, Zhu XQ, Cong W. Analysis of the serum peptidome associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection. J Proteomics 2020; 222:103805. [PMID: 32387797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and congenitally infected neonates. In order to determine whether serum peptide profile could reveal disease markers or allow determination of toxoplasmosis aggressiveness, mouse sera were collected from acutely infected, chronically infected and control subjects, and analyzed by a quantitative label-free pepdomics approach (LC-MS/MS). Six hundred and seven endogenous peptides were identified among all samples, with peptide profiling of difference that readily distinguished between acutely infected samples and other samples. Among these peptides detected in this study, 81 and 68 differentially expressed peptides (DEPs) were found in the acute and chronic infection stages, respectively. Through Gene Ontology analysis, most of the precursor proteins of these DEPs were associated with biological regulation and binding activity. These findings in this study will help in the search of peptide targets with a key role in disease diagnosis and create new opportunities for the development of better means for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Toxoplasma gondii is an unicellular parasite which infects humans and a wide range of warm-blooded animals. The serum peptidome contains a large set of low molecular weight endogenous peptides derived from secretion, protease activity and PTMs. In the present study we quantified the effects of T. gondii infection on the serum peptidome to identify novel disease regulated secretory factors. We developed an optimized label-free LC-MS/MS method to analyze endogenous peptides during toxoplasmosis progression. This resulted in quantification of 607 unique peptides at both acute and chronic infection stages. Collectively, our deep peptidomic analysis of serum revealed that peptide variations were affected by disease development, and peptidomics is an ideal method for quantifying changes in circulating factors on a global scale in response to pathophysiological perturbations such as T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xue Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Shi-Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Man-Yao Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong Province 264209, PR China
| | - Cui-Qin Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province 364012, PR China
| | - Huai-Yu Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Hua Cong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China.
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong Province 264209, PR China.
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10
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Egerstedt A, Berntsson J, Smith ML, Gidlöf O, Nilsson R, Benson M, Wells QS, Celik S, Lejonberg C, Farrell L, Sinha S, Shen D, Lundgren J, Rådegran G, Ngo D, Engström G, Yang Q, Wang TJ, Gerszten RE, Smith JG. Profiling of the plasma proteome across different stages of human heart failure. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5830. [PMID: 31862877 PMCID: PMC6925199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem characterized by inability of the heart to maintain sufficient output of blood. The systematic characterization of circulating proteins across different stages of HF may provide pathophysiological insights and identify therapeutic targets. Here we report application of aptamer-based proteomics to identify proteins associated with prospective HF incidence in a population-based cohort, implicating modulation of immunological, complement, coagulation, natriuretic and matrix remodeling pathways up to two decades prior to overt disease onset. We observe further divergence of these proteins from the general population in advanced HF, and regression after heart transplantation. By leveraging coronary sinus samples and transcriptomic tools, we describe likely cardiac and specific cellular origins for several of the proteins, including Nt-proBNP, thrombospondin-2, interleukin-18 receptor, gelsolin, and activated C5. Our findings provide a broad perspective on both cardiac and systemic factors associated with HF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egerstedt
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - John Berntsson
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maya Landenhed Smith
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Gidlöf
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Nilsson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Benson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Selvi Celik
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Lejonberg
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laurie Farrell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sumita Sinha
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dongxiao Shen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jakob Lundgren
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Rådegran
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Debby Ngo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Heart Failure and Valvular Disease, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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11
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Thomas AM, Gerogianni A, McAdam MB, Fløisand Y, Lau C, Espevik T, Nilsson PH, Mollnes TE, Barratt-Due A. Complement Component C5 and TLR Molecule CD14 Mediate Heme-Induced Thromboinflammation in Human Blood. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1571-1578. [PMID: 31413105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heme is a critical danger molecule liberated from hemeproteins in various conditions, including from hemoglobin in hemolytic diseases. Heme may cause thromboinflammatory damage by activating inflammatory and hemostatic pathways, such as complement, the TLRs, coagulation, and platelets. In this study, we explored the effect of single and dual inhibition of complement component C5 and TLR coreceptor CD14 on heme-induced thromboinflammation in an ex vivo human whole blood model. Heme induced a dose-dependent activation of complement via the alternative pathway. Single inhibition of C5 by eculizumab attenuated the release of IL-6, IL-8, TNF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, LTB-4, MMP-8 and -9, and IL-1Ra with more than 60% (p < 0.05 for all) reduced the upregulation of CD11b on granulocytes and monocytes by 59 and 40%, respectively (p < 0.05), and attenuated monocytic tissue factor expression by 33% (p < 0.001). Blocking CD14 attenuated IL-6 and TNF by more than 50% (p < 0.05). In contrast to single inhibition, combined C5 and CD14 was required for a significantly attenuated prothrombin cleavage (72%, p < 0.05). Markers of thromboinflammation were also quantified in two patients admitted to the hospital with sickle cell disease (SCD) crisis. Both SCD patients had pronounced hemolysis and depleted plasma hemopexin and haptoglobin. Plasma heme and complement activation was markedly increased in one patient, a coinciding observation as demonstrated ex vivo. In conclusion, heme-induced thromboinflammation was largely attenuated by C5 inhibition alone, with a beneficial effect of adding a CD14 inhibitor to attenuate prothrombin activation. Targeting C5 has the potential to reduce thromboinflammation in SCD crisis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anub M Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Gerogianni
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Martin B McAdam
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvar Fløisand
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Corinna Lau
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromso, 9037 Tromso, Norway; and
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; .,Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Štibrániová I, Bartíková P, Holíková V, Kazimírová M. Deciphering Biological Processes at the Tick-Host Interface Opens New Strategies for Treatment of Human Diseases. Front Physiol 2019; 10:830. [PMID: 31333488 PMCID: PMC6617849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasites, causing blood loss and skin damage in their hosts. In addition, ticks also transmit a number of various pathogenic microorganisms that cause serious diseases in humans and animals. Ticks evolved a wide array of salivary bioactive compounds that, upon injection into the host skin, inhibit or modulate host reactions such as hemostasis, inflammation and wound healing. Modulation of the tick attachment site in the host skin involves mainly molecules which affect physiological processes orchestrated by cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Suppressing host defense reactions is crucial for tick survival and reproduction. Furthermore, pharmacologically active compounds in tick saliva have a promising therapeutic potential for treatment of some human diseases connected with disorders in hemostasis and immune system. These disorders are often associated to alterations in signaling pathways and dysregulation or overexpression of specific cytokines which, in turn, affect mechanisms of angiogenesis, cell motility and cytoskeletal regulation. Moreover, tick salivary molecules were found to exert cytotoxic and cytolytic effects on various tumor cells and have anti-angiogenic properties. Elucidation of the mode of action of tick bioactive molecules on the regulation of cell processes in their mammalian hosts could provide new tools for understanding the complex changes leading to immune disorders and cancer. Tick bioactive molecules may also be exploited as new pharmacological inhibitors of the signaling pathways of cytokines and thus help alleviate patient discomfort and increase patient survival. We review the current knowledge about tick salivary peptides and proteins that have been identified and functionally characterized in in vitro and/or in vivo models and their therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Štibrániová
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavlína Bartíková
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Holíková
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Kazimírová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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13
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Abstract
A prominent role for complement has been identified in the linkage of innate and adaptive immunity. The liver is the main source of complement and hepatocytes are the primary sites for synthesis of complement components in vivo. We have discovered that hepatitis C virus (HCV) impairs C4 and C3 synthesis. Liver damage may diminish capacity of complement synthesis in patients. However, we observed that the changes in measured complement components in chronically HCV infected patients do not correlate with liver fibrosis or rheumatoid factor present in the blood, serum albumin, or alkaline phosphatase levels. Complement component C3 is of critical importance in B cell activation and T cell-dependent antibody responses. C3 activity is required for optimal expansion of CD8+T cells during a systemic viral infection. Deficiencies in complement may predispose patients to infections via ineffective opsonization, and defects in lytic activity via membrane attack complex. Interestingly, C9 is significantly reduced at the mRNA level in chronically HCV infected liver biopsy specimens, while many hepatocyte derived complement components (C6, C8, Factor B, MASP1, and MBL) and unrelated genes remain mostly unaffected. This implies an HCV specific effect, not a global effect from liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chan Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjit Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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14
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The Role of Complement C3a Receptor in Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:467-473. [PMID: 31102134 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a key regulator of the innate immune response against diseased tissue that functions across multiple organ systems. Dysregulation of complement contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases including stroke. The C3a anaphylatoxin, via its cognate C3a receptor (C3aR), mediates inflammation by promoting breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the massive infiltration of leukocytes into ischemic brain in experimental stroke models. Studies utilizing complement deficient mice as well as pharmacologic C3aR antagonists have shown a reduction in tissue injury and mortality in murine stroke models. The development of tissue-specific C3aR knockout mice and more specific C3aR antagonists is warranted to facilitate our understanding of the role of the C3aR in brain ischemia with the ultimate goal of clinical translation of therapies targeting C3aR in stroke patients.
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15
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Høiland II, Liang RA, Hindberg K, Latysheva N, Brekke OL, Mollnes TE, Hansen JB. Associations between complement pathways activity, mannose-binding lectin, and odds of unprovoked venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2018; 169:50-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Mueller KAL, Patzelt J, Sauter M, Maier P, Gekeler S, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Seizer P, Gawaz M, Geisler T, Langer HF. Myocardial expression of the anaphylatoxin receptor C3aR is associated with cardiac inflammation and prognosis in patients with non-ischaemic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 5:846-857. [PMID: 30168657 PMCID: PMC6165948 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to analyse the prognostic value of complement anaphylatoxin receptors in patients with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy undergoing endomyocardial biopsy. Methods and results In 102 patients (72.5% male patients, median age 54 years) with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy, myocardial expression of C3aR was assessed among other parameters. The primary study endpoint was a composite of death, heart transplantation, heart failure‐related re‐hospitalization, and deterioration of left ventricular ejection fraction within a mean follow‐up of 11.9 months. The number of cells, which stained positive for C3aR, was significantly increased in patients with inflammatory compared with non‐inflammatory cardiomyopathy (1.75 ± 0.31 cells in inflammatory cardiomyopathy vs. 0.94 ± 0.26 in non‐inflammatory cardiomyopathy, P = 0.049). Subsequently, positive expression for C3aR was judged based on a semi‐quantitative scoring system. Significantly, more patients with positive MHCII and CD68 expression showed an increased number of C3aR‐positive cells. C3aR expression based on this score was more pronounced in patients with human herpesvirus 6 viral genome detection. Kaplan–Meier curves illustrate that the C3aR‐negative group reached the primary endpoint significantly more often (mean follow‐up 11.9 months, log rank 5.963, P = 0.015). Lack of C3aR expression was a strong independent predictor for the primary endpoint in Cox regression analysis [hazard ratio 0.46 (0.26–0.82, P = 0.009)]. Conclusions C3aR‐positive cells are found more often in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy. The relevance of C3aR‐positive cells in patients with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy should be further evaluated as potential predictors or modulators of adverse cardiac remodelling, the substrate of progressive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A L Mueller
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Patzelt
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Sauter
- Section for Cardioimmunology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Maier
- Section for Cardioimmunology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Gekeler
- Section for Cardioimmunology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Department for Molecular Pathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kandolf
- Department for Molecular Pathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Seizer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Section for Cardioimmunology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Yin F, Liu W, Bao P, Jin S, Qian D, Wang J, Tang B. Comparison of the susceptibility and resistance of four marine perciform fishes to Cryptocaryon irritans infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:298-303. [PMID: 29605505 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans is a type of marine ectoparasitic ciliate that infects teleost fishes. To illustrate the susceptibility and innate immune mechanism of fishes to C. irritans, four species of marine perciform fishes were selected in Fujian Province, a high-prevalence area of cryptocaryoniasis in China. The survival, diameter/number of tomonts, and infection ratio among Larimichthys crocea, Lateolabrax japonicus, Pagrus major, and Nibea albiflora were compared after artificial infection. Meanwhile, the immobilization titers of four fish species with no C. irritans infection were detected. Results showed that survival and serum immobilization titer of N. albiflora were significantly higher than those of the other three fish species. A strong negative linear correlation was found between the survival/serum immobilization titer and the mean tomont diameter. In addition, the smallest C. irritans infection ratio was found in N. albiflora, implying that the serum of fishes especially that of N. albiflora, inhibited the development of parasitic C. irritans cells, and the smallest tomont size was directly related to the number of infective theronts corresponding to the highest survival of fish. Moreover, complement activity inhibition assays suggested that the alternative complement pathway might play a major role in C. irritans resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China; College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Peibo Bao
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China; College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiteng Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Tang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Roselli F, Karasu E, Volpe C, Huber-Lang M. Medusa's Head: The Complement System in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 35:226-240. [PMID: 28816089 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are critical medical conditions and a public health problem for which limited therapeutic options are available. The complement cascade is activated after TBI and SCI, and the resulting effects have been investigated in gene-knockout and pharmacological models. Multiple experimental studies support a net detrimental role of C3 and C5 activation in the early stages of TBI and SCI. Less firm experimental evidence suggests that, downstream of C3/C5, effector mechanisms, including the generation of membrane-activated complex and direct damage to membranes and neutrophils infiltration, may bring about the direct damage of central nervous system tissue and enhancement of neuroinflammation. The role of upstream classical, alternative, or extrinsic complement activation cascades remains unclear. Although several issues remain to be investigated, current evidence supports the investigation of a number of complement-targeting agents targeting C3 or C5, such as eculizumab, for repurposing in TBI and SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Roselli
- 1 Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
| | - Ebru Karasu
- 3 Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Medical School, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
| | - Clara Volpe
- 1 Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- 3 Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Medical School, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany
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19
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Xiao K, Fang Z, Gao X, Zhao J, Huang R, Xie M. Membrane complement regulatory protein reduces the damage of transplanting autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing the activation of complement. Injury 2017; 48:2089-2094. [PMID: 28823400 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There are few studies on the interaction of transplanting autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and complement. In order to further explore the effect of complement on BMSCs, BMSCs were obtained from bone marrow of 20 cases clinical patients, and then experimented in vitro. The cytotoxicity of complement on the mesenchymal stem cells in autologous human serum (AHS) was measured by Europium cytotoxicity assay. The complement membrane attack complex (MAC) deposited on the membrane surface was detected by flow cytometry. Finally, the cytotoxicity on BMSCs was measured after mCRPs overexpression or knockdown. We found that more than 90% of cells derived from bone marrow were identified to be mesenchymal stem cells through detection of cell membrane surface markers by flow cytometry. BMSCs harvested from the 20 patients all had cytotoxicity after incubated with AHS, and the cytotoxicity was significant higher than that incubated with complement inactivated autologous human serum (iAHS). Complement attack complex (MAC) could be detected on the BMSCs incubated with AHS, which implied the complement activation. We also found that mCRPs CD55 and CD59 overexpressions can resist the cytotoxicity induced by complement activation, while mCRPs CD55 and CD59 knockdown can enhance the cytotoxicity. Thus, the results indicated that mCRPs could effectively protect BMSCs from attacking by complement by suppressing the activation of complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- Wuhan Puai Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Zhenhua Fang
- Wuhan Puai Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Wuhan Puai Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Wuhan Puai Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ruokun Huang
- Wuhan Puai Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Wuhan Puai Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
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Yin X, Lu Y, Cheng ZH, Chen DF. Anti-Complementary Components of Helicteres angustifolia. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111506. [PMID: 27834928 PMCID: PMC6273495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A first phenalenon derivative with an acetyl side chain at C-8, 8-acetyl-9-hydroxy-3-methoxy-7-methyl-1-phenalenon (compound 1), and a pair of new sesquilignan epimers at C-7″ of hedyotol C and hedyotol D analogs, hedyotol C 7″-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (compound 2) and hedyotol D 7″-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (compound 3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Helicteres angustifolia together with nine known compounds (4–12). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including mass spectroscopy, and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance. Eleven isolates exhibited anti-complementary activity. In particular, compounds 4 and 5 exhibited potent anti-complementary activities against the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.040 ± 0.009 and 0.009 ± 0.002 mM, and AP50 values of 0.105 ± 0.015 and 0.021 ± 0.003 mM, respectively. The targets of compounds 4 and 5 in the complement activation cascade were also identified. In conclusion, the anti-complementary components of H. angustifolia possessed chemical diversity and consisted mostly of flavonoids and lignans in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Dao-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Kwon YC, Kim H, Meyer K, Di Bisceglie AM, Ray R. Distinct CD55 Isoform Synthesis and Inhibition of Complement-Dependent Cytolysis by Hepatitis C Virus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1127-36. [PMID: 27357152 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CD55/DAF, one of the regulators of complement activation, is known to limit excess complement activation on the host cell surface by accelerating the decay of C3 convertase. We reported previously that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or virus core protein expression upregulates CD55 expression. CD55 associates with HCV particles, potentially protecting HCV from lysis in circulation. An increase in CD55 on the surface of HCV-infected cells may inhibit complement-mediated cell killing. In this study, we show that Abs against cancer cell surface proteins induce complement-dependent cytolysis or Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of immortalized human hepatocytes in the presence of CD55-blocking Ab. CD55 has a secreted isoform (sCD55) that is generated by alternative splicing. We observed that sCD55 is induced in HCV-infected or HCV replicon-harboring cells, as well as in liver biopsy samples from chronically HCV-infected patients. Conditioned medium from HCV-infected hepatoma cells (Huh7.5 cells) or immortalized human hepatocytes inhibited C3 convertase activity and complement-dependent cytolysis of sheep blood erythrocytes. Chronically HCV-infected patient sera inhibited C3 convertase activity, further implicating HCV-specific impairment of complement function in infected humans. CD55-blocking Ab inhibited erythrocyte lysis by conditioned medium, suggesting that CD55/sCD55 impairs convertase activity. Together, our data show that HCV infection induces sCD55 expression in HCV-infected cell culture-conditioned medium and inhibits C3 convertase activity. This may have implications for modulating complement-mediated immune function in the microenvironment and on HCV-harboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chan Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104; and
| | - Hangeun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104; and
| | - Keith Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104; and
| | | | - Ranjit Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104; and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63140
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22
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Molecular Characterization and Expression Analyses of the Complement Component C8α, C8β and C9 Genes in Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) after the Aeromonas hydrophila Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:345. [PMID: 27005612 PMCID: PMC4813206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement components C8α, C8β and C9 have important roles in the innate immune system against invading microorganisms. Partial cDNA sequences of the Pf_C8α, Pf_C8β and Pf_C9 genes (Pf: abbreviation of Pelteobagrusfulvidraco) were cloned from yellow catfish. The Pf_C8α, Pf_C8β and Pf_C9 genes showed the greatest amino acid similarity to C8α (54%) and C8β (62%) of zebrafish and to C9 (52%) of grass carp, respectively. Ontogenetic expression analyses using real-time quantitative PCR suggested that the three genes may play crucial roles during embryonic and early larval development. The mRNA expressions of the three genes were all at the highest levels in liver tissue, and at lower or much lower levels in 16 other tissues, demonstrating that the liver is the primary site for the protein synthesis of Pf_C8α, Pf_C8β and Pf_C9. Injection of Aeromonashydrophila led to up-regulation of the three genes in the spleen, head kidney, kidney, liver and blood tissues, indicating that the three genes may contribute to the host’s defense against invading pathogenic microbes. An increased understanding of the functions of the Pf_C8α, Pf_C8β and Pf_C9 genes in the innate immunity of yellow catfish will help enhance production of this valuable freshwater species.
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Yin F, Gao Q, Tang B, Sun P, Han K, Huang W. Transcriptome and analysis on the complement and coagulation cascades pathway of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) to ciliate ectoparasite Cryptocaryon irritans infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:127-141. [PMID: 26804649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is one of the most valuable marine fish in southern China. Given to the rapid development of aquaculture industry, the L. crocea was subjected to ciliate ectoparasite Cryptocaryon irritans. It therefore is indispensable and urgent to understand the mechanism of L. crocea host defense against C. irritans infection. In the present study, the extensively analysis at the transcriptome level for Cryptocaryoniasis in L. crocea was carried out. These results showed that 15,826,911, 16,462,921, and 15,625,433 paired-end clean reads were obtained from three cDNA libraries (A: 0 theronts/fish, B: 12,000 theronts/fish, and C: 24,000 theronts/fish) of the L. crocea immune-related tissues by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Totally, 30,509 unique transcript fragments (unigenes) were assembled, with an average length of 1715 bp. In B/A, C/A, and C/B pairwise comparison, 972, 900, and 1126 genes showed differential expression respectively. Differently expressed immune-related genes (DEIGs) were scrutinized, in B/A pairwise comparison, 48 genes showed differential expression, including 26 up-regulated genes and 22 down-regulated genes in B; in C/A pairwise comparison, there were 39 DEIGs, including 7 up-regulated genes and 32 down-regulated genes in C; in C/B pairwise comparison, 40 genes showed differential expression, including 11 up-regulated genes and 29 down-regulated genes in C. There were 16 DEIGs enriched KEGG pathways, in which the complement and coagulation cascades pathway was the top most DEIGs enriched pathway (B:A = 42; C:A = 28; C:B = 42). The coagulation and fibrinolytic system was in a highly active state after infected by C. irritans with non-lethal concentration; the alternative complement pathway may play an important role in the early stages of C. irritans infection. These results demonstrated that low-concentration infection can significantly induce the immunological response in fishes, however, when fishes were in fatal conditions, the immunity was suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, PR China.
| | - Quanxin Gao
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Baojun Tang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Kunhuang Han
- Ningde Fufa Fisheries Co., Ltd., Ningde, Fujian Province, 352000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Ningde Fufa Fisheries Co., Ltd., Ningde, Fujian Province, 352000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
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Yamanaka K, Kakuta Y, Miyagawa S, Nakazawa S, Kato T, Abe T, Imamura R, Okumi M, Maeda A, Okuyama H, Mizuno M, Nonomura N. Depression of Complement Regulatory Factors in Rat and Human Renal Grafts Is Associated with the Progress of Acute T-Cell Mediated Rejection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148881. [PMID: 26928779 PMCID: PMC4771804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association of complement with the progression of acute T cell mediated rejection (ATCMR) is not well understood. We investigated the production of complement components and the expression of complement regulatory proteins (Cregs) in acute T-cell mediated rejection using rat and human renal allografts. Methods We prepared rat allograft and syngeneic graft models of renal transplantation. The expression of Complement components and Cregs was assessed in the rat grafts using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescent staining. We also administered anti-Crry and anti-CD59 antibodies to the rat allograft model. Further, we assessed the relationship between the expression of membrane cofactor protein (MCP) by immunohistochemical staining in human renal grafts and their clinical course. Results qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of Cregs, CD59 and rodent-specific complement regulator complement receptor 1-related gene/protein-y (Crry), was diminished in the rat allograft model especially on day 5 after transplantation in comparison with the syngeneic model. In contrast, the expression of complement components and receptors: C3, C3a receptor, C5a receptor, Factor B, C9, C1q, was increased, but not the expression of C4 and C5, indicating a possible activation of the alternative pathway. When anti-Crry and anti-CD59 mAbs were administered to the allograft, the survival period for each group was shortened. In the human ATCMR cases, the group with higher MCP expression in the grafts showed improved serum creatinine levels after the ATCMR treatment as well as a better 5-year graft survival rate. Conclusions We conclude that the expression of Cregs in allografts is connected with ATCMR. Our results suggest that controlling complement activation in renal grafts can be a new strategy for the treatment of ATCMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Yamanaka
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (YK); (SM)
| | - Shuji Miyagawa
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (YK); (SM)
| | - Shigeaki Nakazawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taigo Kato
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toyofumi Abe
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Imamura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Okumi
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Maeda
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Zou L, Feng Y, Xu G, Jian W, Chao W. Splenic RNA and MicroRNA Mimics Promote Complement Factor B Production and Alternative Pathway Activation via Innate Immune Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2788-98. [PMID: 26889043 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Complement factor B (cfB) is an essential component of the alternative pathway (AP) and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis. However, the mechanism leading to cfB production and AP activation during sepsis remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that plasma cell-free RNA was significantly increased following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), an animal model of polymicrobial sepsis, and was closely associated with sepsis severity. Quantitative RT-PCR and microRNA (miRNA) array analysis revealed an increase in bacterial RNA and multiple host miRNAs (miR-145, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-210) in the blood following CLP. Treatment with tissue RNA or synthetic miRNA mimics (miR-145, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-34a) induced a marked increase in cfB production in cardiomyocytes or macrophages. The newly synthesized cfB released into medium was biologically active because it participated in AP activation initiated by cobra venom factor. Genetic deletion of TLR7 or MyD88, but not TLR3, and inhibition of the MAPKs (JNK and p38) or NF-κB abolished miR-146a-induced cfB production. In vivo, CLP led to a significant increase in splenic cfB expression that correlated with the plasma RNA or miRNA levels. Peritoneal injection of RNA or miR-146a led to an increase in cfB expression in the peritoneal space that was attenuated in MyD88-knockout or TLR7-knockout mice, respectively. These findings demonstrate that host cellular RNA and specific miRNAs are released into the circulation during polymicrobial sepsis and may function as extracellular mediators capable of promoting cfB production and AP activation through specific TLR7 and MyD88 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zou
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ganqiong Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Wenling Jian
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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26
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Nymo S, Gustavsen A, Nilsson PH, Lau C, Espevik T, Mollnes TE. Human Endothelial Cell Activation by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Is Mediated by TNF and IL-1β Secondarily to Activation of C5 and CD14 in Whole Blood. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2293-9. [PMID: 26800874 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) play a central role in inflammation. E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression are essential for leukocyte recruitment and are good markers of EC activation. Most studies of EC activation are done in vitro using isolated mediators. The aim of the present study was to examine the relative importance of pattern recognition systems and downstream mediators in bacteria-induced EC activation in a physiological relevant human model, using EC incubated with whole blood. HUVEC were incubated with human whole blood. Escherichia coli- and Staphylococcus aureus-induced EC activation was measured by E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression using flow cytometry. The mAb 18D11 was used to neutralize CD14, and the lipid A analog eritoran was used to block TLR4/MD2. C5 cleavage was inhibited using eculizumab, and C5aR1 was blocked by an antagonist. Infliximab and canakinumab were used to neutralize TNF and IL-1β. The EC were minimally activated when bacteria were incubated in serum, whereas a substantial EC activation was seen when the bacteria were incubated in whole blood. E. coli-induced activation was largely CD14-dependent, whereas S. aureus mainly caused a C5aR1-mediated response. Combined CD14 and C5 inhibition reduced E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression by 96 and 98% for E. coli and by 70 and 75% for S. aureus. Finally, the EC activation by both bacteria was completely abolished by combined inhibition of TNF and IL-1β. E. coli and S. aureus activated EC in a CD14- and C5-dependent manner with subsequent leukocyte secretion of TNF and IL-1β mediating the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Nymo
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alice Gustavsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Corinna Lau
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; and
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27
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Luo SW, Cai L, Qi ZH, Wang C, Liu Y, Wang WN. Effects of a recombinant complement component C3b functional fragment α2MR (α2-macroglobulin receptor) additive on the immune response of juvenile orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) after the exposure to cold shock challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:346-356. [PMID: 25917969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Ec-α2MR (Epinephelus coiodes-α2-macroglobulin receptor) on growth performance, enzymatic activity, respiratory burst, MDA level, total antioxidant capacity, DPPH radical scavenging percentage and immune-related gene expressions of the juvenile orange-spotted grouper were evaluated. The commercial diet supplemented with α2MR additive was used to feed the orange-spotted grouper for six weeks. Although a slight increase was observed in the specific growth rate, survival rate and weight gain, no significance was observed among different group. After the feeding trial, the groupers were exposed to cold stress. Respiratory burst activity and MDA level decreased significantly in α2MR additive group by comparing with the control and additive control group, while a sharp increase of ACP activity, ALP activity, total antioxidant capacity and DPPH radial scavenging percentage was observed in α2MR additive group. qRT-PCR analyses confirmed that the up-regulated mRNA expressions of C3, TNF1, TNF2, IL-6, CTL, LysC, SOD1 and SOD2 were observed in α2MR additive group at 20 °C. These results showed that α2MR additive may moderate the immune response in grouper following cold shock challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Luo Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Zeng-Hua Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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28
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Wang Y, Miwa T, Ducka-Kokalari B, Redai IG, Sato S, Gullipalli D, Zangrilli JG, Haczku A, Song WC. Properdin Contributes to Allergic Airway Inflammation through Local C3a Generation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1171-81. [PMID: 26116506 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Complement is implicated in asthma pathogenesis, but its mechanism of action in this disease remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of properdin (P), a positive alternative pathway complement regulator, in allergen-induced airway inflammation. Allergen challenge stimulated P release into the airways of asthmatic patients, and P levels positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokines in human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). High levels of P were also detected in the BAL of OVA-sensitized and challenged but not naive mice. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, P-deficient (P(-/-)) mice had markedly reduced total and eosinophil cell counts in BAL and significantly attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Ab blocking of P at both sensitization and challenge phases or at challenge phase alone, but not at sensitization phase alone, reduced airway inflammation. Conversely, intranasal reconstitution of P to P(-/-) mice at the challenge phase restored airway inflammation to wild-type levels. Notably, C3a levels in the BAL of OVA-challenged P(-/-) mice were significantly lower than in wild-type mice, and intranasal coadministration of an anti-C3a mAb with P to P(-/-) mice prevented restoration of airway inflammation. These results show that P plays a key role in allergen-induced airway inflammation and represents a potential therapeutic target for human asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Takashi Miwa
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Blerina Ducka-Kokalari
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Imre G Redai
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Sayaka Sato
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Damodar Gullipalli
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Angela Haczku
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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29
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Querques G, Capuano V, Frascio P, Bandello F, Souied EH. Emerging therapeutic options in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmic Res 2015; 53:194-9. [PMID: 25871486 DOI: 10.1159/000379754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs currently represents the standard of treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Several therapeutic options including steroids, inhibitors of complement factors, anti-platelet-derived growth factor agents, new anti-VEGF drugs, designed ankyrin repeat proteins, sustained drug delivery devices as an alternative to intravitreal injections and encapsulated cell technology are the objects of several studies and trials worldwide in association with anti-VEGF therapy or not. Expectations are that such efforts will help overcome limitations of current therapy with anti-VEGF, extending the duration of effects and hopefully contributing to the regression of neovascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Querques
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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30
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Eculizumab treatment during pregnancy does not affect the complement system activity of the newborn. Immunobiology 2015; 220:452-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Wang Q, Wang N, Zhang X, Hu W. A simple PCR-based method for the rapid genotyping of inherited fifth complement component (C5)-deficient mice. Exp Anim 2015; 64:261-8. [PMID: 25765875 PMCID: PMC4547999 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fifth component of complement (C5) is considered to be the center of complement
activation and function. However, there are no genetically engineered knockout mice for
this gene, and the only commercially available inherited C5-deficient mice, in which a
“TA” nucleotide deletion in the coding frame was previously identified, are in
theC57BL/10Sn genetic background rather than the commonly used backgrounds C57BL/6 and
BALB/c. Therefore, these mice must be backcrossed into the desired genetic background.
Here, we developed an ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) PCR method using a
specific primer pair that was able to discriminate between the genotypes when the
resulting product was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. These results were
supported by quantitative RT-PCR and semi-quantitative PCR and were consistent with the
results from sequencing each backcrossed generation. Using ARMS-PCR method, we generated
C5-deficient mice in the C57BL/6 background over 9 backcrossed generations and further
verified the phenotype using complement-mediated hemolytic assays. In this study, we
describe a simple, rapid and reliable PCR-based method for genotyping inherited
C5-deficient mice that may be used to backcross C57BL/10Sn mice into other genetic
backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
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Luo S, Xie F, Liu Y, Wang WN. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of complement component C8 beta in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) after the Vibrio alginolyticus challenge. Gene 2015; 558:291-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wijeyewickrema LC, Duncan RC, Pike RN. The Role of the Lys628 (192) Residue of the Complement Protease, C1s, in Interacting with Peptide and Protein Substrates. Front Immunol 2014; 5:444. [PMID: 25278939 PMCID: PMC4166353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The C1s protease of the classical complement pathway propagates the initial activation of this pathway of the system by cleaving and thereby activating the C4 and C2 complement components. This facilitates the formation of the classical pathway C3 convertase (C4bC2a). C1s has a Lys residue located at position 628 (192 in chymotrypsin numbering) of the SP domain that has the potential to partially occlude the S2–S2′ positions of the active site. The 192 residue of serine proteases generally plays an important role in interactions with substrates. We therefore investigated the role of Lys628 (192) in interactions with C4 by altering the Lys residue to either a Gln (found in many other serine proteases) or an Ala residue. The mutant enzymes had altered specificity profiles for a combinatorial peptide substrate library, suggesting that this residue does influence the active site specificity of the protease. Generally, the K628Q mutant had greater activity than wild type enzyme against peptide substrates, while the K628A residue had lowered activity, although this was not always the case. Against peptide substrates containing physiological substrate sequences, the K628Q mutant once again had generally higher activity, but the activity of the wild type and mutant enzymes against a C4 P4–P4′ substrate were similar. Interestingly, alteration of the K628 residue in C1s had a marked effect on the cleavage of C4, reducing cleavage efficiency for both mutants about fivefold. This indicates that this residue plays a different role in cleaving protein versus peptide substrates and that the Lys residue found in the wild type enzyme plays an important role in interacting with the C4 substrate. Understanding the basis of the interaction between C1s and its physiological substrates is likely to lead to insights that can be used to design efficient inhibitors of the enzyme for use in treating diseases caused by inflammation as result of over-activity of the classical complement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renee Charlene Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert Neil Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Robert Neil Pike, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia e-mail:
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Kakinoki S, Sakai Y, Takemura T, Hanagata N, Fujisato T, Ishihara K, Yamaoka T. Gene chip/PCR-array analysis of tissue response to 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer surfaces in a mouse subcutaneous transplantation system. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2014; 25:1658-72. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.939917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Pauly D, Nagel BM, Reinders J, Killian T, Wulf M, Ackermann S, Ehrenstein B, Zipfel PF, Skerka C, Weber BHF. A novel antibody against human properdin inhibits the alternative complement system and specifically detects properdin from blood samples. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96371. [PMID: 24797388 PMCID: PMC4010523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an essential part of the innate immune system by acting as a first line of defense which is stabilized by properdin, the sole known positive regulator of the alternative complement pathway. Dysregulation of complement can promote a diversity of human inflammatory diseases which are treated by complement inhibitors. Here, we generated a novel blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) against properdin and devised a new diagnostic assay for this important complement regulator. Mouse mAb 1340 specifically detected native properdin from human samples with high avidity. MAb 1340 inhibited specifically the alternative complement mediated cell lysis within a concentration range of 1-10 µg/mL. Thus, in vitro anti-properdin mAb 1340 was up to fifteen times more efficient in blocking the complement system as compared to anti-C5 or anti-Ba antibodies. Computer-assisted modelling suggested a three-dimensional binding epitope in a properdin-C3(H2O)-clusterin complex to be responsible for the inhibition. Recovery of properdin in a newly established sandwich ELISA using mAb 1340 was determined at 80-125% for blood sample dilutions above 1∶50. Reproducibility assays showed a variation below 25% at dilutions less than 1∶1,000. Systemic properdin concentrations of healthy controls and patients with age-related macular degeneration or rheumatic diseases were all in the range of 13-30 µg/mL and did not reveal significant differences. These initial results encourage further investigation into the functional role of properdin in the development, progression and treatment of diseases related to the alternative complement pathway. Thus, mAb 1340 represents a potent properdin inhibitor suitable for further research to understand the exact mechanisms how properdin activates the complement C3-convertase and to determine quantitative levels of properdin in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pauly
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt M. Nagel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Killian
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wulf
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Ackermann
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
| | - Boris Ehrenstein
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Peter F. Zipfel
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Infection Biology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Skerka
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
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DI HY, Zhang YY, Chen DF. Isolation of an anti-complementary polysaccharide from the root of Bupleurum chinense and identification of its targets in complement activation cascade. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:177-84. [PMID: 23787186 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To isolate and characterize the anti-complementary polysaccharide from the root of Bupleurum chinense. METHODS Bioactivity-guided fractionation and purification was used to obtain the anti-complementary polysaccharide from the hot-water extract of the root of Bupleurum chinense. The polysaccharide was characterized by various chemical and spectral analyses. The anti-complementary activities were evaluated by hemolytic assay in vitro. The action targets were identified in the system with individual complement-depleted sera. RESULTS A homogeneous polysaccharide BC-PS2 was isolated as an anti-complementary agent. It was identified as a branched polysaccharide with an average molecular weight about 2 000 KDa, composed of Glc, Ara, Gal, and Man in the ratio 3.5 : 2.4 : 2.0 : 1.0, respectively, along with a trace of Rha and Xyl, and only 1.11% of protein. The main linkages of the residues of BC-PS2 include terminal, 1, 6-linked, 1, 3-linked and 1, 3, 6-linked Glcp, terminal and 1, 5-linked Araf, terminal, 1, 4-linked, 1, 6-linked and 1, 4, 6-linked Galp, terminal, and, 1, 4-linked and 1, 4, 6-linked Manp. The bioassay experiments revealed that BC-PS2 inhibited complement activation on both the classical and alternative pathways, with CH50 and AP50 of (0.222 ± 0.013) and (0.356 ± 0.032) mg·mL(-1), respectively. Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that BC-PS2 interacted with C1q, C2, and C9 components. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that BC-PS2 is an anti-complementary polysaccharide, and should be important constituent of the root of Bupleurum chinense for its application in the treatment of diseases associated with the excessive activation of complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ye DI
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Meng H, Zhang L, E X, Ye F, Li H, Han C, Yamakawa M, Jin X. Application of Oxford classification, and overexpression of transforming growth factor-β1 and immunoglobulins in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: correlation with World Health Organization classification of immunoglobulin A nephropathy in a Chinese patient cohort. Transl Res 2014; 163:8-18. [PMID: 23891568 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by the qualitative abnormality of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in circulation and deposits of IgA in the renal mesangium. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in fibrogenesis and the progression of renal damage. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic data on IgAN in northeastern China and the presence of TGF-β1, total IgA, and secretory IgA in the glomeruli and sera, as well as changes in galactose-deficient IgA1 in the serum. We investigated the clinicopathologic data of 1050 cases of IgAN diagnosed in a single center over 13 years. We then assessed the concentrations of TGF-β1 and immunoglobulins in the serum of 100 patients with IgAN and 56 healthy control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and investigated their presence in the glomeruli by immunofluorescence and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. From our data, 76.17% of the IgAN cases belonged to classes I and II according to the World Health Organization classification, representing the early stage. Compared with other studies, we found significantly lower frequencies of segmental glomerulosclerosis (27.71%) but higher frequencies of endocapillary proliferation (50.67%), and a similar proportion of mesangial hypercellularity (68.48%) and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (moderate, 17.81%; severe, 1.52%) in the northeastern Chinese cohort. There was an increased presence of TGF-β1 and immunoglobulins in the serum and glomeruli of IgAN, which correlates with the progression of pathologic classification. The pathologic variables of the Oxford classification correlated significantly with the WHO classifications. TGF-β1 and immunoglobulins could be used as biomarkers of IgAN pathogenic mechanisms, acting as important adjuncts to the original Oxford Classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Meng
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang E
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huining Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hei Longjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsong Han
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mitsunori Yamakawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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Schejbel L, Fadnes D, Permin H, Lappegård KT, Garred P, Mollnes TE. Primary complement C5 deficiencies – Molecular characterization and clinical review of two families. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1304-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kayiran O, Cuzdan SS, Uysal A, Kocer U. Tadalafil significantly reduces ischemia reperfusion injury in skin island flaps. Indian J Plast Surg 2013; 46:75-81. [PMID: 23960309 PMCID: PMC3745126 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Numerous pharmacological agents have been used to enhance the viability of flaps. Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is an unwanted, sometimes devastating complication in reconstructive microsurgery. Tadalafil, a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 is mainly used for erectile dysfunction, and acts on vascular smooth muscles, platelets and leukocytes. Herein, the protective and therapeutical effect of tadalafil in I/R injury in rat skin flap model is evaluated. Materials and Methods: Sixty epigastric island flaps were used to create I/R model in 60 Wistar rats (non-ischemic group, ischemic group, medication group). Biochemical markers including total nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analysed. Necrosis rates were calculated and histopathologic evaluation was carried out. Results: MDA, MPO and total nitrite values were found elevated in the ischemic group, however there was an evident drop in the medication group. Histological results revealed that early inflammatory findings (oedema, neutrophil infiltration, necrosis rate) were observed lower with tadalafil administration. Moreover, statistical significance (P < 0.05) was recorded. Conclusions: We conclude that tadalafil has beneficial effects on epigastric island flaps against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Kayiran
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, Izmir Ekol KBB Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Di H, Zhang Y, Chen D. An anti-complementary polysaccharide from the roots of Bupleurum chinense. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 58:179-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hepatitis C virus infection upregulates CD55 expression on the hepatocyte surface and promotes association with virus particles. J Virol 2013; 87:7902-10. [PMID: 23658447 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00917-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD55 limits excessive complement activation on the host cell surface by accelerating the decay of C3 convertases. In this study, we observed that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of hepatocytes or HCV core protein expression in transfected hepatocytes upregulated CD55 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Further analysis suggested that the HCV core protein or full-length (FL) genome enhanced CD55 promoter activity in a luciferase-based assay, which was further augmented in the presence of interleukin-6. Mutation of the CREB or SP-1 binding site on the CD55 promoter impaired HCV core protein-mediated upregulation of CD55. HCV-infected or core protein-transfected Huh7.5 cells displayed greater viability in the presence of CD81 and CD55 antibodies and complement. Biochemical analysis revealed that CD55 was associated with cell culture-grown HCV after purification by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Consistent with this, a polyclonal antibody to CD55 captured cell culture-grown HCV. Blocking antibodies against CD55 or virus envelope glycoproteins in the presence of normal human serum as a source of complement inhibited HCV infection. The inhibition was enhanced in the presence of both the antibodies and serum complement. Collectively, these results suggest that HCV induces and associates with a negative regulator of the complement pathway, a likely mechanism for immune evasion.
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Barratt-Due A, Pischke SE, Brekke OL, Thorgersen EB, Nielsen EW, Espevik T, Huber-Lang M, Mollnes TE. Bride and groom in systemic inflammation--the bells ring for complement and Toll in cooperation. Immunobiology 2013; 217:1047-56. [PMID: 22964230 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Attenuating the sepsis-induced systemic inflammatory response, with subsequent homeostatic imbalance, has for years been one of the main tasks in sepsis related research. Complement and the TLR family constitute two important upstream sensor and effector-systems of innate immunity. Although they act as partly independent branches of pattern recognition, recent evidence indicate a considerable cross-talk implying that they can either compensate, synergize or antagonize each other. Combined inhibition of these pathways is therefore a particularly interesting approach with a profound anti-inflammatory potential. In previous preclinical studies, we demonstrated that targeting the key molecules C3 or C5 of complement and CD14 of the TLR family had a vast anti-inflammatory effect on Gram-negative bacteria-induced inflammation and sepsis. In this review, we elucidate the significance of these key molecules as important targets for intervention in sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Finally, we argue that a combined inhibition of complement and CD14 represent a potential general treatment regimen, beyond the limit of sepsis, including non-infectious systemic inflammation and ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Differentially expressed genes in cisplatin-induced premature ovarian failure in rats. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 137:205-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Blockage of CR1 prevents activation of rodent microglia. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 54:139-49. [PMID: 23454195 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the complement system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis has been emphasized through recent genome wide association studies. However, the cellular and molecular role of these complement proteins is not fully understood. Microglia express complement receptors and the activation of specific receptors may increase Aβ clearance and reduce neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated the contribution of complement receptor 1 (CR1), the second most significant hit in GWAS studies, on microglia to neuronal damage. We show that microglia displaying an activated phenotype demonstrate an increase in CR1 expression. We also provide evidence that activation of microglial CR1 was detrimental to neurons and this correlated with an increase in microglial intracellular superoxide generation, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) secretion. Amyloid-β 42 (Aβ1-42)-treated microglia displayed an increased ability to phagocytose dextran beads following antibody blockage of CR1 but a decreased capacity to phagocytose fluorescent-tagged Aβ1-42. Together, these results indicate that microglial CR1 plays a role in the neuronal death observed in AD and investigating this further may provide a possible strategy to control neurotoxicity in the AD brain.
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Abstract
Catfish is one of the most important aquaculture species in America (as well as in Asia and Africa). In recent years, the production of catfish has suffered massive financial losses due to pathogen spread and breakouts. Innate immunity plays a crucial role in increasing resistance to pathogenic organisms and has generated increasing interest in the past few years. This review summarizes the current understanding of innate immune-related genes in catfish, including pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, complements, lectins, cytokines, transferrin and gene expression profiling using microarrays and next generation sequencing technologies. This review will benefit the understanding of innate immune system in catfish and further efforts in studying the innate immune-related genes in fish.
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Ejaz A, Steinmann E, Bánki Z, Anggakusuma, Khalid S, Lengauer S, Wilhelm C, Zoller H, Schloegl A, Steinmann J, Grabski E, Kleines M, Pietschmann T, Stoiber H. Specific acquisition of functional CD59 but not CD46 or CD55 by hepatitis C virus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45770. [PMID: 23049856 PMCID: PMC3458075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses of different families encode for regulators of the complement system (RCAs) or acquire such RCAs from the host to get protection against complement-mediated lysis (CML). As hepatitis C virus (HCV) shares no genetic similarity to any known RCA and is detectable at high titers in sera of infected individuals, we investigated whether HCV has adapted host-derived RCAs to resist CML. Here we report that HCV selectively incorporates CD59 while neither CD55, nor CD46 are associated with the virus. The presence of CD59 was shown by capture assays using patient- and cell culture-derived HCV isolates. Association of CD59 with HCV was further confirmed by Western blot analysis using purified viral supernatants from infected Huh 7.5 cells. HCV captured by antibodies specific for CD59 remained infectious for Huh 7.5 cells. In addition, blocking of CD59 in the presence of active complement reduced the titer of HCV most likely due to CML. HCV produced in CD59 knock-down cells were more significantly susceptible to CML compared to wild type virus, but neither replication, assembly nor infectivity of the virus seemed to be impaired in the absence of CD59. In summary our data indicate that HCV incorporates selectively CD59 in its envelope to gain resistance to CML in serum of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ejaz
- Institute of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Meng F, Sun Y, Liu X, Wang J, Xu T, Wang R. Analysis of C3 suggests three periods of positive selection events and different evolutionary patterns between fish and mammals. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37489. [PMID: 22624039 PMCID: PMC3356312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The third complement component (C3) is a central protein of the complement system conserved from fish to mammals. It also showed distinct characteristics in different animal groups. Striking features of the fish complement system were unveiled, including prominent levels of extrahepatic expression and isotypic diversity of the complement components. The evidences of the involvement of complement system in the enhancement of B and T cell responses found in mammals indicated that the complement system also serves as a bridge between the innate and adaptive responses. For the reasons mentioned above, it is interesting to explore the evolutionary process of C3 genes and to investigate whether the huge differences between aquatic and terrestrial environments affected the C3 evolution between fish and mammals. Methodology/Principal Findings Analysis revealed that these two groups of animals had experienced different evolution patterns. The mammalian C3 genes were under purifying selection pressure while the positive selection pressure was detected in fish C3 genes. Three periods of positive selection events of C3 genes were also detected. Two happened on the ancestral lineages to all vertebrates and mammals, respectively, one happened on early period of fish evolutionary history. Conclusions/Significance Three periods of positive selection events had happened on C3 genes during history and the fish and mammals C3 genes experience different evolutionary patterns for their distinct living environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- * E-mail: (TX); (RW)
| | - Rixin Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- * E-mail: (TX); (RW)
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Sjölander J, Westermark GT, Renström E, Blom AM. Islet amyloid polypeptide triggers limited complement activation and binds complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein, which enhances fibril formation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10824-33. [PMID: 22334700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.244285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is synthesized in pancreatic β-cells and co-secreted with insulin. Aggregation and formation of IAPP-amyloid play a critical role in β-cell death in type 2 diabetic patients. Because Aβ-fibrils in Alzheimer disease activate the complement system, we have here investigated specific interactions between IAPP and complement factors. IAPP fibrils triggered limited activation of complement in vitro, involving both the classical and the alternative pathways. Direct binding assays confirmed that IAPP fibrils interact with globular head domains of complement initiator C1q. Furthermore, IAPP also bound complement inhibitors factor H and C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Recombinant C4BP mutants were used to show that complement control protein (CCP) domains 8 and 2 of the α-chain were responsible for the strong, hydrophobic binding of C4BP to IAPP. Immunostaining of pancreatic sections from type 2 diabetic patients revealed the presence of complement factors in the islets and varying degree of co-localization between IAPP fibrils and C1q, C3d, as well as C4BP and factor H but not membrane attack complex. Furthermore, C4BP enhanced formation of IAPP fibrils in vitro. We conclude that C4BP binds to IAPP thereby limiting complement activation and may be enhancing formation of IAPP fibrils from cytotoxic oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Sjölander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Wallenberg Laboratory, Skåne University Hospital, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
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Meng H, Ohtake H, Ishida A, Ohta N, Kakehata S, Yamakawa M. IgA Production and Tonsillar Focal Infection in IgA Nephropathy. J Clin Exp Hematop 2012; 52:161-70. [DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.52.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Neher MD, Weckbach S, Flierl MA, Huber-Lang MS, Stahel PF. Molecular mechanisms of inflammation and tissue injury after major trauma--is complement the "bad guy"? J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:90. [PMID: 22129197 PMCID: PMC3247859 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma represents the leading cause of death among young people in industrialized countries. Recent clinical and experimental studies have brought increasing evidence for activation of the innate immune system in contributing to the pathogenesis of trauma-induced sequelae and adverse outcome. As the "first line of defense", the complement system represents a potent effector arm of innate immunity, and has been implicated in mediating the early posttraumatic inflammatory response. Despite its generic beneficial functions, including pathogen elimination and immediate response to danger signals, complement activation may exert detrimental effects after trauma, in terms of mounting an "innocent bystander" attack on host tissue. Posttraumatic ischemia/reperfusion injuries represent the classic entity of complement-mediated tissue damage, adding to the "antigenic load" by exacerbation of local and systemic inflammation and release of toxic mediators. These pathophysiological sequelae have been shown to sustain the systemic inflammatory response syndrome after major trauma, and can ultimately contribute to remote organ injury and death. Numerous experimental models have been designed in recent years with the aim of mimicking the inflammatory reaction after trauma and to allow the testing of new pharmacological approaches, including the emergent concept of site-targeted complement inhibition. The present review provides an overview on the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of complement activation after major trauma, with an emphasis of emerging therapeutic concepts which may provide the rationale for a "bench-to-bedside" approach in the design of future pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam D Neher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, 777 Bannock Street, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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