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Chen ACH, Lee YL, Ruan H, Huang W, Fong SW, Tian S, Lee KC, Wu GM, Tan Y, Wong TCH, Wu J, Zhang W, Cao D, Chow JFC, Liu P, Yeung WSB. Expanded Potential Stem Cells from Human Embryos Have an Open Chromatin Configuration with Enhanced Trophoblast Differentiation Ability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204797. [PMID: 36775869 PMCID: PMC10104645 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human expanded potential stem cells (hEPSC) have been derived from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Here direct derivation of hEPSC from human pre-implantation embryos is reported. Like the reported hEPSC, the embryo-derived hEPSC (hEPSC-em) exhibit a transcriptome similar to morula, comparable differentiation potency, and high genome editing efficiency. Interestingly, the hEPSC-em show a unique H3 lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) open chromatin conformation; they possess a higher proportion of H3K4me3 bound broad domain (>5 kb) than the reported hEPSC, naive, and primed embryonic stem cells. The open conformation is associated with enhanced trophoblast differentiation potency with increased trophoblast gene expression upon induction of differentiation and success in derivation of trophoblast stem cells with bona fide characteristics. Hippo signaling is specifically enriched in the H3K4me3 broad domains of the hEPSC-. Knockout of the Hippo signaling gene, YAP1 abolishes the ability of the embryo-derived EPSC to form trophoblast stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility RegulationReproductive Medicine CenterThe University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518000China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility RegulationReproductive Medicine CenterThe University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518000China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Hanzhang Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Siyu Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Kai Chuen Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Genie Minju Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Yongqi Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Timothy Chun Hin Wong
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Jian Wu
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
| | - Dandan Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility RegulationReproductive Medicine CenterThe University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518000China
| | - Judy Fung Cheung Chow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
- School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongStem Cell and Regenerative Medicine ConsortiumHong KongHong Kong
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility RegulationReproductive Medicine CenterThe University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518000China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyBuilding 17 WThe Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong KongHong Kong
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Chen ACH, Huang W, Fong SW, Chan C, Lee KC, Yeung WSB, Lee YL. Hyperglycemia Altered DNA Methylation Status and Impaired Pancreatic Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910729. [PMID: 34639069 PMCID: PMC8509790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing across the globe. Fetal exposure to maternal diabetes was correlated with higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and T2D later in life. Previous studies showed aberrant DNA methylation patterns in pancreas of T2D patients. However, the underlying mechanisms remained largely unknown. We utilized human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as the in vitro model for studying the effects of hyperglycemia on DNA methylome and early pancreatic differentiation. Culture in hyperglycemic conditions disturbed the pancreatic lineage potential of hESC, leading to the downregulation of expression of pancreatic markers PDX1, NKX6-1 and NKX6-2 after in vitro differentiation. Genome-wide DNA methylome profiling revealed over 2000 differentially methylated CpG sites in hESC cultured in hyperglycemic condition when compared with those in control glucose condition. Gene ontology analysis also revealed that the hypermethylated genes were enriched in cell fate commitment. Among them, NKX6-2 was validated and its hypermethylation status was maintained upon differentiation into pancreatic progenitor cells. We also established mouse ESC lines at both physiological glucose level (PG-mESC) and conventional hyperglycemia glucose level (HG-mESC). Concordantly, DNA methylome analysis revealed the enrichment of hypermethylated genes related to cell differentiation in HG-mESC, including Nkx6-1. Our results suggested that hyperglycemia dysregulated the epigenome at early fetal development, possibly leading to impaired pancreatic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Chris Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Kai Chuen Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.B.Y.); (Y.L.L.)
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Reproductive Medicine Center, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong; (W.H.); (S.W.F.); (C.C.); (K.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.B.Y.); (Y.L.L.)
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Li H, Gao L, Du J, Ma T, Ye Z, Li Z. To Better Generate Organoids, What Can We Learn From Teratomas? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:700482. [PMID: 34336851 PMCID: PMC8324104 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.700482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic profile of animal models is not completely matched with the genomic profile of humans, and 2D cultures do not represent the cellular heterogeneity and tissue architecture found in tissues of their origin. Derived from 3D culture systems, organoids establish a crucial bridge between 2D cell cultures and in vivo animal models. Organoids have wide and promising applications in developmental research, disease modeling, drug screening, precision therapy, and regenerative medicine. However, current organoids represent only single or partial components of a tissue, which lack blood vessels, native microenvironment, communication with near tissues, and a continuous dorsal-ventral axis within 3D culture systems. Although efforts have been made to solve these problems, unfortunately, there is no ideal method. Teratoma, which has been frequently studied in pathological conditions, was recently discovered as a new in vivo model for developmental studies. In contrast to organoids, teratomas have vascularized 3D structures and regions of complex tissue-like organization. Studies have demonstrated that teratomas can be used to mimic multilineage human development, enrich specific somatic progenitor/stem cells, and even generate brain organoids. These results provide unique opportunities to promote our understanding of the vascularization and maturation of organoids. In this review, we first summarize the basic characteristics, applications, and limitations of both organoids and teratomas and further discuss the possibility that in vivo teratoma systems can be used to promote the vascularization and maturation of organoids within an in vitro 3D culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Kubi JA, Chen ACH, Fong SW, Lai KP, Wong CKC, Yeung WSB, Lee KF, Lee YL. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells towards pancreatic lineage and pancreatic beta cell function. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104885. [PMID: 31195220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Animal and epidemiological studies demonstrated association of persistent exposure of TCDD, an endocrine disrupting chemical, to susceptibility of type 2 diabetes (T2D). High doses of TCDD were commonly employed in experimental animals to illustrate its diabetogenic effects. Data linking the epigenetic effects of low doses of TCDD on embryonic cells to T2D susceptibility risks is very limited. To address whether low dose exposure to TCDD would affect pancreatic development, hESCs pretreated with TCDD at concentrations similar to human exposure were differentiated towards pancreatic lineage cells, and their global DNA methylation patterns were determined. Our results showed that TCDD-treated hESCs had impaired pancreatic lineage differentiation potentials and altered global DNA methylation patterns. Four of the hypermethylated genes (PRKAG1, CAPN10, HNF-1B and MAFA) were validated by DNA bisulfite sequencing. PRKAG1, a regulator in the AMPK signaling pathway critical for insulin secretion, was selected for further functional study in the rat insulinoma cell line, INS-1E cells. TCDD treatment induced PRKAG1 hypermethylation in hESCs, and the hypermethylation was maintained after pancreatic progenitor cells differentiation. Transient Prkag1 knockdown in the INS-1E cells elevated glucose stimulated insulin secretions (GSIS), possibly through mTOR signaling pathway. The current study suggested that early embryonic exposure to TCDD might alter pancreatogenesis, increasing the risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kubi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy C H Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sze Wan Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Chen ACH, Lee YL, Fong SW, Wong CCY, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB. Hyperglycemia impedes definitive endoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells by modulating histone methylation patterns. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:563-578. [PMID: 28283910 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to maternal diabetes during fetal growth is a risk factor for the development of type II diabetes (T2D) in later life. Discovery of the mechanisms involved in this association should provide valuable background for therapeutic treatments. Early embryogenesis involves epigenetic changes including histone modifications. The bivalent histone methylation marks H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 are important for regulating key developmental genes during early fetal pancreas specification. We hypothesized that maternal hyperglycemia disrupted early pancreas development through changes in histone bivalency. A human embryonic stem cell line (VAL3) was used as the cell model for studying the effects of hyperglycemia upon differentiation into definitive endoderm (DE), an early stage of the pancreatic lineage. Hyperglycemic conditions significantly down-regulated the expression levels of DE markers SOX17, FOXA2, CXCR4 and EOMES during differentiation. This was associated with retention of the repressive histone methylation mark H3K27me3 on their promoters under hyperglycemic conditions. The disruption of histone methylation patterns was observed as early as the mesendoderm stage, with Wnt/β-catenin signaling being suppressed during hyperglycemia. Treatment with Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator CHIR-99021 restored the expression levels and chromatin methylation status of DE markers, even in a hyperglycemic environment. The disruption of DE development was also found in mouse embryos at day 7.5 post coitum from diabetic mothers. Furthermore, disruption of DE differentiation in VAL3 cells led to subsequent impairment in pancreatic progenitor formation. Thus, early exposure to hyperglycemic conditions hinders DE development with a possible relationship to the later impairment of pancreas specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C H Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Y L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Reproduction, Development and Growth, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Room 747, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - S W Fong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - C C Y Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - E H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Center for Reproduction, Development and Growth, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - W S B Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Center for Reproduction, Development and Growth, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
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Kwok CTD, Leung MH, Qin J, Qin Y, Wang J, Lee YL, Yao KM. The Forkhead box transcription factor FOXM1 is required for the maintenance of cell proliferation and protection against oxidative stress in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:651-61. [PMID: 27062359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) exhibit unique cell cycle structure, self-renewal and pluripotency. The Forkhead box transcription factor M1 (FOXM1) is critically required for the maintenance of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells and mouse embryonal carcinoma cells, but its role in hESCs remains unclear. Here, we show that FOXM1 expression was enriched in undifferentiated hESCs and was regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner with peak levels detected at the G2/M phase. Expression of FOXM1 did not correlate with OCT4 and NANOG during in vitro differentiation of hESCs. Importantly, knockdown of FOXM1 expression led to aberrant cell cycle distribution with impairment in mitotic progression but showed no profound effect on the undifferentiated state. Interestingly, FOXM1 depletion sensitized hESCs to oxidative stress. Moreover, genome-wide analysis of FOXM1 targets by ChIP-seq identified genes important for M phase including CCNB1 and CDK1, which were subsequently confirmed by ChIP and RNA interference analyses. Further peak set comparison against a differentiating hESC line and a cancer cell line revealed a substantial difference in the genomic binding profile of FOXM1 in hESCs. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence to support FOXM1 as an important regulator of cell cycle progression and defense against oxidative stress in hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T D Kwok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M H Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Qin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y Qin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Wang
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y L Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - K-M Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Lee YL, Fong SW, Chen AC, Li T, Yue C, Lee CL, Ng EH, Yeung WS, Lee KF. Establishment of a novel human embryonic stem cell-derived trophoblastic spheroid implantation model. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:2614-26. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Qin Y, Gao WQ. Concise Review: Patient-Derived Stem Cell Research for Monogenic Disorders. Stem Cells 2015; 34:44-54. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine; hanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine; hanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
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Notch signalling inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of single-cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell clones isolated from human adipose tissue. Cell Biol Int 2013; 36:1161-70. [PMID: 22974058 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20120288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
ADSCs (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells) are candidate adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. Notch signalling participates in the differentiation of a heterogeneous ADSC population. We have isolated, human adipose tissue-derived single-cell clones using a cloning ring technique and characterized for their stem cell characteristics. The role of Notch signalling in the differentiation capacity of these adipose-derived single-cell-clones has also been investigated. All 14 clones expressed embryonic and mesenchymal stem cell marker genes. These clones could differentiate into both osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. However, the differentiation potential of each clone was different. Low adipogenic clones had significantly higher mRNA expression levels of Notch 2, 3 and 4, Jagged1, as well as Delta1, compared with those of high adipogenic clones. In contrast, no changes in expression of Notch signalling component mRNA between low and high osteogenic clones was found. Notch receptor mRNA expression decreased with the adipogenic differentiation of both low and high adipogenic clones. The γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-(S)-phenylglycine t-butyl ester), enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Correspondingly, cells seeded on a Notch ligand (Jagged1) bound surface showed lower intracellular lipid accumulation. These results were noted in both low and high adipogenic clones, indicating that Notch signalling inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of adipose ADSC clones, and could be used to identify an adipogenic susceptible subpopulation for soft-tissue augmentation application.
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Defining the genomic signature of totipotency and pluripotency during early human development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62135. [PMID: 23614026 PMCID: PMC3629124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic mechanisms governing human pre-implantation embryo development and the in vitro counterparts, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), still remain incomplete. Previous global genome studies demonstrated that totipotent blastomeres from day-3 human embryos and pluripotent inner cell masses (ICMs) from blastocysts, display unique and differing transcriptomes. Nevertheless, comparative gene expression analysis has revealed that no significant differences exist between hESCs derived from blastomeres versus those obtained from ICMs, suggesting that pluripotent hESCs involve a new developmental progression. To understand early human stages evolution, we developed an undifferentiation network signature (UNS) and applied it to a differential gene expression profile between single blastomeres from day-3 embryos, ICMs and hESCs. This allowed us to establish a unique signature composed of highly interconnected genes characteristic of totipotency (61 genes), in vivo pluripotency (20 genes), and in vitro pluripotency (107 genes), and which are also proprietary according to functional analysis. This systems biology approach has led to an improved understanding of the molecular and signaling processes governing human pre-implantation embryo development, as well as enabling us to comprehend how hESCs might adapt to in vitro culture conditions.
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Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the developing embryo. hESCs culture as cell lines in vitro and possess great potential in such research fields as developmental biology and cell-based therapy, as well as such industrial purposes as drug screening and toxicology. When ESCs were first derived by Thomson and colleagues, traditional methods of immunostaining and culturing, using primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and medium supplemented by serum were used. Considerable efforts have since led to improved methods for isolating new lines in defined and reproducible conditions. This chapter discusses sources for embryos for ESC isolation, commonly used methods for deriving hESC lines, and a number of possible culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Amit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Prathalingam N, Ferguson L, Young L, Lietz G, Oldershaw R, Healy L, Craig A, Lister H, Binaykia R, Sheth R, Murdoch A, Herbert M. Production and validation of a good manufacturing practice grade human fibroblast line for supporting human embryonic stem cell derivation and culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:12. [PMID: 22472092 PMCID: PMC3392772 DOI: 10.1186/scrt103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of reproducible methods for deriving human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines in compliance with good manufacturing practice (GMP) is essential for the development of hESC-based therapies. Although significant progress has been made toward the development of chemically defined conditions for the maintenance and differentiation of hESCs, efficient derivation of new hESCs requires the use of fibroblast feeder cells. However, GMP-grade feeder cell lines validated for hESC derivation are not readily available. Methods We derived a fibroblast cell line (NclFed1A) from human foreskin in compliance with GMP standards. Consent was obtained to use the cells for the production of hESCs and to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We compared the line with a variety of other cell lines for its ability to support derivation and self-renewal of hESCs. Results NclFed1A supports efficient rates (33%) of hESC colony formation after explantation of the inner cell mass (ICM) of human blastocysts. This compared favorably with two mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines. NclFed1A also compared favorably with commercially available foreskin fibroblasts and MEFs in promoting proliferation and pluripotency of a number of existing and widely used hESCs. The ability of NclFed1A to maintain self-renewal remained undiminished for up to 28 population doublings from the master cell bank. Conclusions The human fibroblast line Ncl1Fed1A, produced in compliance with GMP standards and qualified for derivation and maintenance of hESCs, is a useful resource for the advancement of progress toward hESC-based therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilendran Prathalingam
- NorthEast England Stem Cell Institute, Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK.
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13
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Stachelscheid H, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Eckert K, Jensen J, Edsbagge J, Björquist P, Rivero M, Strehl R, Jozefczuk J, Prigione A, Adjaye J, Urbaniak T, Bussmann P, Zeilinger K, Gerlach JC. Teratoma formation of human embryonic stem cells in three-dimensional perfusion culture bioreactors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:729-41. [PMID: 22438087 DOI: 10.1002/term.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Teratoma formation in mice is today the most stringent test for pluripotency that is available for human pluripotent cells, as chimera formation and tetraploid complementation cannot be performed with human cells. The teratoma assay could also be applied for assessing the safety of human pluripotent cell-derived cell populations intended for therapeutic applications. In our study we examined the spontaneous differentiation behaviour of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in a perfused 3D multi-compartment bioreactor system and compared it with differentiation of hESCs and human induced pluripotent cells (hiPSCs) cultured in vitro as embryoid bodies and in vivo in an experimental mouse model of teratoma formation. Results from biochemical, histological/immunohistological and ultrastuctural analyses revealed that hESCs cultured in bioreactors formed tissue-like structures containing derivatives of all three germ layers. Comparison with embryoid bodies and the teratomas revealed a high degree of similarity of the tissues formed in the bioreactor to these in the teratomas at the histological as well as transcriptional level, as detected by comparative whole-genome RNA expression profiling. The 3D culture system represents a novel in vitro model that permits stable long-term cultivation, spontaneous multi-lineage differentiation and tissue formation of pluripotent cells that is comparable to in vivo differentiation. Such a model is of interest, e.g. for the development of novel cell differentiation strategies. In addition, the 3D in vitro model could be used for teratoma studies and pluripotency assays in a fully defined, controlled environment, alternatively to in vivo mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stachelscheid
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Abstract
In this chapter, we describe the derivation and characterization of nine hIn this chapter, we describe the derivation and characterization of nine human embryonic stem cells (hESC) (VAL-3 to -11B) from different developmental embryo stages (inner cell mass from a blastocyst, morula, and blastomere from a 3-day embryo) under xeno-free conditions providing the necessary protocols and techniques to carry out their derivation, characterization, and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Galán
- Valencia Node of the National Stem Cell Bank, Prince Felipe Research Centre (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
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15
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Mouse and human pluripotent stem cells and the means of their myogenic differentiation. Results Probl Cell Differ 2012; 55:321-56. [PMID: 22918815 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30406-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are an important tool in the studies focusing at the differentiation of various cell types, including skeletal myoblasts. They are also considered as a source of the cells that due to their pluripotent character and availability could be turned into any required tissue and then used in future in regenerative medicine. However, the methods of the derivation of some of cell types from pluripotent cells still need to be perfected. This chapter summarizes the history and current advancements in the derivation and testing of pluripotent stem cells-derived skeletal myoblasts. It focuses at the in vitro methods allowing the differentiation of stem cells grown in monolayer or propagated as embryoid bodies, and also at in vivo tests allowing the verification of the functionality of obtained skeletal myoblasts.
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16
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Sustained embryoid body formation and culture in a non-laborious three dimensional culture system for human embryonic stem cells. Cytotechnology 2011; 63:227-37. [PMID: 21409453 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines are a promising model system in developmental and tissue regeneration research. Differentiation of hESCs towards the three germ layers and finally tissue specific cell types is often performed through the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) in suspension or hanging droplet culture systems. However, these systems are inefficient regarding embryoid body (EB) formation, structural support to the EB and long term differentiation capacity. The present study investigates if agarose, as a semi solid matrix, can facilitate EB formation and support differentiation of hESC lines. The results showed that agarose culture is able to enhance EB formation efficiency with 10% and increase EB growth by 300%. The agarose culture system was able to maintain expression of the three germ layers over 8 weeks of culture. All of the four hESC lines tested developed EBs in the agarose system although with a histological heterogeneity between cell lines as well as within cell lines. In conclusion, a 3-D agarose culture of spherical hESC colonies improves EB formation and growth in a cost effective, stable and non-laborious technique.
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Cervelló I, Gil-Sanchis C, Mas A, Delgado-Rosas F, Martínez-Conejero JA, Galán A, Martínez-Romero A, Martínez S, Navarro I, Ferro J, Horcajadas JA, Esteban FJ, O'Connor JE, Pellicer A, Simón C. Human endometrial side population cells exhibit genotypic, phenotypic and functional features of somatic stem cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10964. [PMID: 20585575 PMCID: PMC2891991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During reproductive life, the human endometrium undergoes around 480 cycles of growth, breakdown and regeneration should pregnancy not be achieved. This outstanding regenerative capacity is the basis for women's cycling and its dysfunction may be involved in the etiology of pathological disorders. Therefore, the human endometrial tissue must rely on a remarkable endometrial somatic stem cells (SSC) population. Here we explore the hypothesis that human endometrial side population (SP) cells correspond to somatic stem cells. We isolated, identified and characterized the SP corresponding to the stromal and epithelial compartments using endometrial SP genes signature, immunophenotyping and characteristic telomerase pattern. We analyzed the clonogenic activity of SP cells under hypoxic conditions and the differentiation capacity in vitro to adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Finally, we demonstrated the functional capability of endometrial SP to develop human endometrium after subcutaneous injection in NOD-SCID mice. Briefly, SP cells of human endometrium from epithelial and stromal compartments display genotypic, phenotypic and functional features of SSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cervelló
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Valencia Stem Cell Bank, CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Gil-Sanchis
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Valencia Stem Cell Bank, CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aymara Mas
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Valencia Stem Cell Bank, CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Sebastian Martínez
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ismael Navarro
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Ferro
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Horcajadas
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- iGenomix, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Esteban
- Department of Experimental Biology, Systems Biology Unit, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Pellicer
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario “La Fe”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- Fundación IVI-Instituto Universitario IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Valencia Stem Cell Bank, CIPF, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Gerlach JC, Lübberstedt M, Edsbagge J, Ring A, Hout M, Baun M, Rossberg I, Knöspel F, Peters G, Eckert K, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Björquist P, Stachelscheid H, Urbaniak T, Schatten G, Miki T, Schmelzer E, Zeilinger K. Interwoven four-compartment capillary membrane technology for three-dimensional perfusion with decentralized mass exchange to scale up embryonic stem cell culture. Cells Tissues Organs 2010; 192:39-49. [PMID: 20197653 DOI: 10.1159/000291014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe hollow fiber-based three-dimensional (3D) dynamic perfusion bioreactor technology for embryonic stem cells (ESC) which is scalable for laboratory and potentially clinical translation applications. We added 2 more compartments to the typical 2-compartment devices, namely an additional media capillary compartment for countercurrent 'arteriovenous' flow and an oxygenation capillary compartment. Each capillary membrane compartment can be perfused independently. Interweaving the 3 capillary systems to form repetitive units allows bioreactor scalability by multiplying the capillary units and provides decentralized media perfusion while enhancing mass exchange and reducing gradient distances from decimeters to more physiologic lengths of <1 mm. The exterior of the resulting membrane network, the cell compartment, is used as a physically active scaffold for cell aggregation; adjusting intercapillary distances enables control of the size of cell aggregates. To demonstrate the technology, mouse ESC (mESC) were cultured in 8- or 800-ml cell compartment bioreactors. We were able to confirm the hypothesis that this bioreactor enables mESC expansion qualitatively comparable to that obtained with Petri dishes, but on a larger scale. To test this, we compared the growth of 129/SVEV mESC in static two-dimensional Petri dishes with that in 3D perfusion bioreactors. We then tested the feasibility of scaling up the culture. In an 800-ml prototype, we cultured approximately 5 x 10(9) cells, replacing up to 800 conventional 100-mm Petri dishes. Teratoma formation studies in mice confirmed protein expression and gene expression results with regard to maintaining 'stemness' markers during cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg C Gerlach
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA. joerg.gerlach @ cellnet.org
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19
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Derivation, characterization, differentiation, and registration of seven human embryonic stem cell lines (VAL-3, -4, -5, -6M, -7, -8, and -9) on human feeder. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2010; 46:317-26. [PMID: 20186513 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-010-9285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines has been a remarkable scientific achievement during the last decade. Human embryonic stem cells are regarded as an unlimited cell source for replacement therapy in regenerative medicine. Clearly, the scientific community requires proper derivation, characterization, and registration with the purpose of making them available for research and future medical applications worldwide. In this paper, we report our derivation work as the Valencian Node of the Spanish Stem Cell Bank in the generation, characterization, and registration of VAL-3, -4, -5, -6M, -7, -8, and 9 (www.isciii/htdocs/terapia/terapia_bancocelular.jsp). The derivation process was performed on microbiologically tested and irradiated human foreskin fibroblasts and designed to minimize contact with xeno-components in knockout Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with knockout serum replacement and basic fibroblast growth factor. Fingerprinting of the cell lines was performed to allow their identification and traceability. All lines were expressed at the mRNA and specific protein markers for undifferentiation and were found to be negative for classical differentiation markers such as neurofilament heavy chain (ectoderm), renin (mesoderm), and amylase (endoderm). All lines displayed high levels of telomerase activity and were shown to successfully overcome cryopreservation and thawing. Finally, we demonstrated the potential to differentiate in vitro (embryoid body formation) and in vivo (teratoma formation) into cell types from all three germ layers. Teratoma derived from all human embryonic stem cell lines present similar morphological features except VAL-8 that display more aggressive tumor behavior with a larger proportion of solid tissues, as opposed to cyst formation in the other cell lines.
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20
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Ho STB, Yang Z, Hui HPJ, Oh KWS, Choo BHA, Lee EH. A serum free approach towards the conservation of chondrogenic phenotype during in vitro cell expansion. Growth Factors 2009; 27:321-33. [PMID: 19626506 DOI: 10.1080/08977190903137595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functionally viable chondrocytes in sufficient quantity is crucial for the success of matrix associated autologous chondrocyte implantation. This is difficult with conventional methods as chondrocytes dedifferentiate during 2D expansion with the loss of their chondrogenic phenotype. Moreover, established protocols are dependent on the use of serum which is not without its drawbacks. This study sought to address the issue by evaluating the feasibility of serum free, growth factors supplemented chondrocyte media with extracellular matrix (ECM) coatings. DESIGN Passage 2 human chondrocytes were cultured in serum supplemented media or serum free media with collagen I or fibronectin coatings. Cell attachment and proliferation were assessed in these conditions. The cells were redifferentiated via pellet cultures for 7 and 14 days before being subjected to histological and gene expression analysis. RESULTS The serum-free, growth factor cocktail supplemented with ECM coating improved long-term chondrocyte proliferation with enhanced basal Sox 9 expression. Upon induction, the redifferentiated chondrocytes expressed aggrecan and collagen II especially so for the cells plated on collagen coated surfaces. The chondrocytic phenotype was better conserved under the serum free conditions but the loss of the hyaline cartilage characteristics was not completely halted given the expression of collagen I. These essential cartilage markers were, however, reduced or absented for cells expanded with serum. Moreover, serum cultures displayed a higher tendency of undergoing hypertrophy given the stronger collagen X gene expression. CONCLUSION The advocated technique promoted cell expansion with respect to conventional serum supplemented cultures while reducing the loss of the chondrogenic phenotype. This demonstrates the feasibility and potential of the novel concomitant use of serum free media and ECM coatings in the expansion of chondrocytes for cartilage regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saey Tuan Barnabas Ho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medical, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Immortalized human skin fibroblast feeder cells support growth and maintenance of both human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2567-81. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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22
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Sermon KD, Simon C, Braude P, Viville S, Borstlap J, Veiga A. Creation of a registry for human embryonic stem cells carrying an inherited defect: joint collaboration between ESHRE and hESCreg. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:1556-60. [PMID: 19346524 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), derived from human blastocysts, hold a great promise for regenerative medicine, drug development and basic research in developmental biology. Moreover, hESC lines that carry a clinically relevant inherited defect, monogenic or chromosomal, present an important tool for research into the pathophysiology of these diseases. The hESC registry (hESCreg) was started up in 2007 in order to register all stem cell lines derived in Europe (www.hescreg.eu). Because of the special nature of the hESC lines that carry an inherited disease, they are of particular interest to researchers outside the assisted reproductive technologies or stem cell fields, for instance, those involved in regenerative medicine and in medical and human genetics. To reach these researchers, and to better disseminate the information on the cell lines, a concerted action of the hESCreg together with ESHRE's Special Interest Groups in Reproductive Genetics and Stem Cells was initiated. This mini-review is a first report that will be followed by yearly reports of new lines, not unlike the reports from the Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Consortium or the European IVF Monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Sermon
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.
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23
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Banks, repositories and registries of stem cell lines in Europe: regulatory and ethical aspects. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2009; 5:18-35. [PMID: 19205929 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-009-9053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To overview banks, repositories and registries of stem cell lines in Europe excluding bone marrow and cord blood banks; to concisely discuss the most important scientific, regulatory and ethical aspects of stem cell banking in a manner understandable to a layperson, but remain detailed enough not to compromise thoroughness of information. Review of scientific publications, laws and ethical guidelines in this field up through September 2008; hearing the opinions of key persons working in stem cell banking. The article discusses the procedure of stem cell banking and related safety issues and reviews the regulation of stem cell banking at the regional (European) and the national level. Stem cell banking can help meet scientific and certain ethical imperatives, but is complicated in the context of heterogeneous laws, guidelines, and ethical standards. In the pluralistic European society with cultural diversity leading to heterogeneous laws, harmonisation of international guidelines and national laws regulating stem cell banking is needed, as well as mapping of implementation at the national level.
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24
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Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) involve long-term cultures that must remain undifferentiated. The real-time PCR (RT-PCR) technique allows the relative quantification of target genes, including undifferentiation and differentiation markers when referred to a housekeeping control with the addition of a calibrator that serves as an internal control to compare different lots of reactions during the time. The main aspects will include a minimal number of cells to be analyzed, genes to be tested, and how to choose the appropriate calibrator sample and the reference gene. In this chapter, we present how to apply the RT-PCR technique, protocols for its performance, experimental set-up and software analysis, as of the gene expression of hESC lines in consecutive passages for long-term culture surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Galán
- Stem Cell Bank, Prince Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
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25
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Chavez SL, Meneses JJ, Nguyen HN, Kim SK, Pera RAR. Characterization of six new human embryonic stem cell lines (HSF7, -8, -9, -10, -12, and -13) derived under minimal-animal component conditions. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 17:535-46. [PMID: 18513167 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a renewable source of a variety of cell types with the potential for use in both scientific research and clinical cell-based therapy. Several hESC lines have previously been isolated and characterized, however, the majority of these lines were generated in the presence of animal serum and animal-derived feeder cells. Therefore, the exposure of the hESC to animal products may have induced phenotypic and/or genomic changes in the hESC lines not characteristic of normal hESC. Moreover, those hESC lines exposed to animal components may not be used for therapeutic applications due to the risk of graft rejection and pathogenic transmission from animal sources. In this study, we characterized six new hESC lines derived from human blastocysts under minimal-animal component conditions and cultured with human fetal lung fibroblasts. The hESC lines retained the ability to self-renew, are karytopically normal, and express stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3), SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81, but not SSEA-1, markers of pluripotent hESC. In addition, we show that telomerase activity decreased in each of the hESC lines following differentiation into embryoid bodies, albeit to different degrees. Finally, we demonstrate that the hESC lines are capable of differentiating into the three embryonic germ layers in vitro and form complex teratomas in vivo. This suggests that the hESC lines described here are valuable models for both future in vitro and in vivo studies, which may aid in the progression toward clinical-grade cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn L Chavez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA
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26
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Valbuena D, Sánchez-Luengo S, Galán A, Sánchez E, Gómez E, Poo ME, Ruiz V, Genbacev O, Krtolica A, Pellicer A, Moreno R, Simón C. Efficient method for slow cryopreservation of human embryonic stem cells in xeno-free conditions. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17:127-35. [PMID: 18616900 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An effective, consistent and xeno-free cryopreservation technique is crucial for any human embryonic stem cell (hESC) laboratory with future perspectives for clinical application. This study presents a new slow freezing-rapid thawing method in serum-free conditions that allows the cryopreservation of a large number of colonies without the use of a programmable freezer. To test its efficacy, this method has been compared with two established vitrification methods and applied to three different hESC lines (H9, VAL-3 and VAL-5). The method is based on an increasing concentration of dimethylsulphoxide (1.0, 1.2, 1.5 and 2.0 mol/l) with a slow or a rapid cooling system. Using this method, approximately 60 colonies per cryovial could be cryopreserved, the survival rate ranged between 15 and 68% depending on the cell line used, and the majority of the surviving colonies were grade A. Post-cryopreserved hESC have been cultured for 20 passages, re-cryopreserved and re-thawed with consistent results. After thawing, cells retained the inherent undifferentiated characteristics of hESC and growth rate curve, with a stable karyotype, telomerase activity and teratoma formation when injected into severe combined immunodeficient animals, which was comparable with the fresh lines. This method has been tested for 3 years in two different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Valbuena
- Valencia Stem Cell Bank, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
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27
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Meng G, Liu S, Krawetz R, Chan M, Chernos J, Rancourt DE. A Novel Method for Generating Xeno-Free Human Feeder Cells for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Culture. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 17:413-22. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Meng
- Institute of Maternal & Child Health, University of Calgary Medical School, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Shiying Liu
- Institute of Maternal & Child Health, University of Calgary Medical School, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Institute of Maternal & Child Health, University of Calgary Medical School, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Michael Chan
- Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Judy Chernos
- Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Institute of Maternal & Child Health, University of Calgary Medical School, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
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28
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Is teratoma formation in stem cell research a characterization tool or a window to developmental biology? Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17:270-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Lonergan T, Bavister B, Brenner C. Mitochondria in stem cells. Mitochondrion 2007; 7:289-96. [PMID: 17588828 PMCID: PMC3089799 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current status of knowledge about mitochondrial properties in mouse, monkey and human embryonic, adult and precursor stem cells is discussed. Topics include mitochondrial localization patterns, oxygen consumption and ATP content in cells as they relate to the maintenance of stem cell properties and subsequent differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types. The significance of the perinuclear arrangement of mitochondria, which may be a characteristic feature of stem cells, as well as the expression of mitochondrial DNA regulatory proteins and mutations in the mitochondrial stem cell genome is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lonergan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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30
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Zipori D. The stem state: the nature of normal stem cells and the relevance to cancer. Regen Med 2007; 2:29-30. [PMID: 24692888 DOI: 10.2217/17460751.2.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Zipori
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel
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