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Ndifontiayong AN, Ali IM, Sokoudjou JB, Ndimumeh JM, Tume CB. The Effect of HBV/HCV in Response to HAART in HIV Patients after 12 Months in Kumba Health District in the South West Region of Cameroon. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:150. [PMID: 34449737 PMCID: PMC8396274 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are two among the numerous forms of infections whose clinical degeneration, morbidity-mortality and low immune responsiveness in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are highly evident. Co-infection of HIV with HBV and HCV has been associated with reduced survival, increased risk of progression to liver diseases and increased risk of hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy (ARV). We carried out biochemical, immunological, virological and clinical analysis of hepatitis B and C positive HIV patients as well as some HIV positive individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy in Kumba Health District to evaluate the immune response to the ARV therapy and identified risk factors associated with the treatment outcomes. A total of 52 HIV patients, 36 HIV/HBV and 12 HIV/HCV patients were involved in this study. We performed CD4 counts, viral load test, analyzed ALAT/ASAT, albumin, bilirubin, and creatinine and measured the weights of HIV patients, HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV enrolled for not more than one year in Kumba Health District. The results were analyzed to evaluate the immune response and possible risk factors associated with the treatment outcomes. The mean increase in weight in participants of all groups over 12 months (17.12 kg) was greater than the mean increase in CD4 (8.92 cell/mm3). However, the mean decrease in viral loads over a 12 months was also very high (1035.17 copies/mL). There was a significant change in the mean values from baseline for all the three variables (p < 0.0001). HIV disease outcomes following HAART (high active antiretroviral therapy) do not appear to be adversely affected by HBV or HCV co-infection, except for slightly poorer CD4 count responses in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Concerning the renal and liver functions, all the biomarkers witnessed a decrease in patients of all groups in response to HAART over time, with a more rapid decrease in mono-infected patients as compared with those co-infected with HBV but the case was contrary for those co-infected with HCV. Co-infection with HBV or HCV was relatively common among HIV infected participants in Kumba Health District. There were differences in response to HAART between the mono-infected compared with the co-infected, taking into consideration the weight, CD4 count, and viral load. In addition, there was also a variation in the different biomarkers of liver and renal function between mono-infected and co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Ndongho Ndifontiayong
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon; (A.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (J.B.S.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Innocent Mbulli Ali
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon; (A.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (J.B.S.); (J.M.N.)
- Laboratory for Public Health Research Biotechnologies, The Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé P.O. Box 8094, Cameroon
| | - Jean Baptiste Sokoudjou
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon; (A.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (J.B.S.); (J.M.N.)
- Département des Sciences Appliquées à la Santé, Institut Universitaire et Stratégique de l’Estuaire (IUEs/Insam), Douala BP 4100, Cameroon
| | - Jerimiah Mbogwe Ndimumeh
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon; (A.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (J.B.S.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Christopher Bonglavnyuy Tume
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon; (A.N.N.); (I.M.A.); (J.B.S.); (J.M.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda 00237, Cameroon
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Satish L, Lavanya G, Kasthuri T, Kalaivaani A, Shamili S, Muthuramalingam P, Gowrishankar S, Pandian SK, Singh V, Sitrit Y, Kushmaro A. CRISPR based development of RNA editing and the diagnostic platform. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 179:117-159. [PMID: 33785175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeat-CRISPR-Associated (CRISPR-Cas) system has improved the ability to edit and control gene expression as desired. Genome editing approaches are currently leading the biomedical research with improved focus on direct nuclease dependent editing. So far, the research was predominantly intended on genome editing over the DNA level, recent adapted techniques are initiating to secure momentum through their proficiency to provoke modifications in RNA sequence. Integration of this system besides to lateral flow method allows reliable, quick, sensitive, precise and inexpensive diagnostic. These interesting methods illustrate only a small proportion of what is technically possible for this novel technology, but several technological obstacles need to be overcome prior to the CRISPR-Cas genome editing system can meet its full ability. This chapter covers the particulars on recent advances in CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology including diagnosis and technical advancements, followed by molecular mechanism of CRISPR-based RNA editing and diagnostic tools and types, and CRISPR-Cas-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakkakula Satish
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Bergman Campus, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Gunamalai Lavanya
- Department of Postharvest and Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Thirupathi Kasthuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruchamy Kalaivaani
- Department of Postharvest and Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sasanala Shamili
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Bergman Campus, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Yaron Sitrit
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Bergman Campus, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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Geraldi A, Giri-Rachman EA. Synthetic biology-based portable in vitro diagnostic platforms. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Almando Geraldi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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Luma HN, Eloumou SAFB, Ekaney DSM, Lekpa FK, Donfack-Sontsa O, Ngahane BHM, Mapoure YN. Sero-prevalence and Correlates of Hepatitis B and C Co-infection Among HIV-infected Individuals in Two Regional Hospitals in Cameroon. Open AIDS J 2016; 10:199-208. [PMID: 27867437 PMCID: PMC5095895 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601610010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver disease related to Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. Data on the prevalence of HBV and HCV in Cameroon remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the sero-prevalence and correlates of Hepatitis markers in HIV/AIDS patients in two Regional Hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional study carried out from December 2014 to March 2015. HIV/AIDS patients aged 21 were included and above, receiving care at HIV treatment centres. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to screen for Hepatitis with HBsAg and anti HCV antibody rapid immunochromatographic test kits. Correlates of hepatitis were investigated by logistic regression. STATA was used for data analysis. RESULTS We included 833 HIV/AIDS patients,78.8% (657) were female. Mean age was 44(SD 11) years. Prevalence of Hepatitis in general (total of two viral markers tested) was 8.9% (74/833), with 6.1% for HBsAg and 2.8% for Anti-HCV antibodies. From multivariate analysis, the likelihood of having hepatitis was independently increased by a history of surgical interventions [OR: 1.82(1.06-3.14)], and of sexually transmitted infections [OR: 2.20(1.04-4.67)]. CONCLUSION Almost one in ten participants with HIV/AIDS attending the BRH and LRH tested positive for either HBsAg or anti HCV antibodies. Screening for HBV and HCV should therefore be integrated to the existing guidelines in Cameroon as it can influence management. More studies are needed to evaluate the extent of liver disease and magnitude of HIV suppression in hepatitis and HIV coinfection in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Namme Luma
- Internal Medicine Unit, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Servais Albert Fiacre Bagnaka Eloumou
- Internal Medicine Unit, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane
- Internal Medicine Unit, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Yacouba Njankouo Mapoure
- Internal Medicine Unit, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
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Zeng QL, Yu ZJ. Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis B Virus Infections in Patients Infected with HIV Through Blood Donation or Transfusion in China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:1203. [PMID: 26160448 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zu-Jiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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