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Yang N, Tan T, Wei J, Gao X, Wang M, Li R, Wang C, Lei M, Hu H, Wang M, Feng Y, Chen P, Liu Y, Mu J, Zhao Z, Yu Y. Combining blood pressure variability and heart rate variability to analyze the autonomic nervous function of rotenone induced Parkinson's rat model. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 409:110217. [PMID: 38964477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's patients have significant autonomic dysfunction, early detect the disorder is a major challenge. To assess the autonomic function in the rat model of rotenone induced Parkinson's disease (PD), Blood pressure and ECG signal acquisition are very important. NEW METHOD We used telemetry to record the electrocardiogram and blood pressure signals from awake rats, with linear and nonlinear analysis techniques calculate the heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV). we applied nonlinear analysis methods like sample entropy and detrended fluctuation analysis to analyze blood pressure signals. Particularly, this is the first attempt to apply nonlinear analysis to the blood pressure evaluate in rotenone induced PD model rat. RESULTS HRV in the time and frequency domains indicated sympathetic-parasympathetic imbalance in PD model rats. Linear BPV analysis didn't reflect changes in vascular function and blood pressure regulation in PD model rats. Nonlinear analysis revealed differences in BPV, with lower sample entropy results and increased detrended fluctuation analysis results in the PD group rats. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS AND CONCLUSIONS our experiments demonstrate the ability to evaluate autonomic dysfunction in models of Parkinson's disease by combining the analysis of BPV with HRV, consistent with autonomic impairment in PD patients. Nonlinear analysis by blood pressure signal may help in early detection of the PD. It indicates that the fluctuation of blood pressure in the rats in the rotenone model group tends to be regular and predictable, contributes to understand the PD pathophysiological mechanisms and to find strategies for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neural Information Analysis and Drug Intelligent Design, Xinxiang, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Tan
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiarong Wei
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xudong Gao
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruijiao Li
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Miaoqing Lei
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Heshun Hu
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peiqi Chen
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junlin Mu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zongya Zhao
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neural Information Analysis and Drug Intelligent Design, Xinxiang, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Medical Engineering of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Neurosense and Control of Henan Province, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Combinatorial Technique for Clinical and Biomedical Big Data, Xinxiang, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neural Information Analysis and Drug Intelligent Design, Xinxiang, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, Xinxiang, China.
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You J, Wang L, Wang Y, Kang J, Yu J, Cheng W, Feng J. Prediction of Future Parkinson Disease Using Plasma Proteins Combined With Clinical-Demographic Measures. Neurology 2024; 103:e209531. [PMID: 38976826 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Identification of individuals at high risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD) several years before diagnosis is crucial for developing treatments to prevent or delay neurodegeneration. This study aimed to develop predictive models for PD risk that combine plasma proteins and easily accessible clinical-demographic variables. METHODS Using data from the UK Biobank (UKB), which recruited participants across the United Kingdom, we conducted a longitudinal study to identify predictors for incident PD. Participants with baseline plasma proteins and no PD were included. Through machine learning, we narrowed down predictors from a pool of 1,463 plasma proteins and 93 clinical-demographic. These predictors were then externally validated using the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) cohort. To further investigate the temporal trends of predictors, a nested case-control study was conducted within the UKB. RESULTS A total of 52,503 participants without PD (median age 58, 54% female) were included. Over a median follow-up duration of 14.0 years, 751 individuals were diagnosed with PD (median age 65, 37% female). Using a forward selection approach, we selected a panel of 22 plasma proteins for optimal prediction. Using an ensemble tree-based Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm, the model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.800 (95% CI 0.785-0.815). The LightGBM prediction model integrating both plasma proteins and clinical-demographic variables demonstrated enhanced predictive accuracy, with an AUC of 0.832 (95% CI 0.815-0.849). Key predictors identified included age, years of education, history of traumatic brain injury, and serum creatinine. The incorporation of 11 plasma proteins (neurofilament light, integrin subunit alpha V, hematopoietic PGD synthase, histamine N-methyltransferase, tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3, ectodysplasin A2 receptor, Latexin, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-1, BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3, tryptophanyl-TRNA synthetase, and secretogranin-2) augmented the model's predictive accuracy. External validation in the PPMI cohort confirmed the model's reliability, producing an AUC of 0.810 (95% CI 0.740-0.873). Notably, alterations in these predictors were detectable several years before the diagnosis of PD. DISCUSSION Our findings support the potential utility of a machine learning-based model integrating clinical-demographic variables with plasma proteins to identify individuals at high risk for PD within the general population. Although these predictors have been validated by PPMI, additional validation in a more diverse population reflective of the general community is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia You
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (J. You, L.W., Y.W., J.K., W.C., J.F.), and Department of Neurology (J. Yu), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University) (W.C., J.F.), Ministry of Education, Shanghai; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence (W.C., J.F.), Zhejiang Normal University; Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center (W.C.); Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.); and School of Data Science (J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (J. You, L.W., Y.W., J.K., W.C., J.F.), and Department of Neurology (J. Yu), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University) (W.C., J.F.), Ministry of Education, Shanghai; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence (W.C., J.F.), Zhejiang Normal University; Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center (W.C.); Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.); and School of Data Science (J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (J. You, L.W., Y.W., J.K., W.C., J.F.), and Department of Neurology (J. Yu), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University) (W.C., J.F.), Ministry of Education, Shanghai; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence (W.C., J.F.), Zhejiang Normal University; Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center (W.C.); Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.); and School of Data Science (J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jujiao Kang
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (J. You, L.W., Y.W., J.K., W.C., J.F.), and Department of Neurology (J. Yu), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University) (W.C., J.F.), Ministry of Education, Shanghai; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence (W.C., J.F.), Zhejiang Normal University; Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center (W.C.); Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.); and School of Data Science (J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jintai Yu
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (J. You, L.W., Y.W., J.K., W.C., J.F.), and Department of Neurology (J. Yu), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University) (W.C., J.F.), Ministry of Education, Shanghai; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence (W.C., J.F.), Zhejiang Normal University; Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center (W.C.); Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.); and School of Data Science (J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (J. You, L.W., Y.W., J.K., W.C., J.F.), and Department of Neurology (J. Yu), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University) (W.C., J.F.), Ministry of Education, Shanghai; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence (W.C., J.F.), Zhejiang Normal University; Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center (W.C.); Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.); and School of Data Science (J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (J. You, L.W., Y.W., J.K., W.C., J.F.), and Department of Neurology (J. Yu), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University) (W.C., J.F.), Ministry of Education, Shanghai; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence (W.C., J.F.), Zhejiang Normal University; Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center (W.C.); Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.); and School of Data Science (J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Akyazı O, Korkmaz D, Cevher SC. Experimental Parkinson models and green chemistry approach. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115092. [PMID: 38844056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's is the most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's. Motor findings in Parkinson's occur as a result of the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons starting in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ending in the putamen and caudate nucleus. Loss of neurons and the formation of inclusions called Lewy bodies in existing neurons are characteristic histopathological findings of Parkinson's. The disease primarily impairs the functional capacity of the person with cardinal findings such as tremor, bradykinesia, etc., as a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Experimental animal models of Parkinson's have been used extensively in recent years to investigate the pathology of this disease. These models are generally based on systemic or local(intracerebral) administration of neurotoxins, which can replicate many features of Parkinson's mammals. The development of transgenic models in recent years has allowed us to learn more about the modeling of Parkinson's. Applying animal modeling, which shows the most human-like effects in studies, is extremely important. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress increases in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and various age-related degenerative diseases in humans and that neurons are sensitive to it. In cases where oxidative stress increases and antioxidant systems are inadequate, natural molecules such as flavonoids and polyphenols can be used as a new antioxidant treatment to reduce neuronal reactive oxygen species and improve the neurodegenerative process. Therefore, in this article, we examined experimental animal modeling in Parkinson's disease and the effect of green chemistry approaches on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Akyazı
- Gazi University, Institute of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
| | - Dılara Korkmaz
- Gazi University, Institute of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Sule Coskun Cevher
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara 06500, Turkey
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4
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Kleinholdermann U, Thieken F, Ruppert-Junck MC, van Munster M, Pedrosa AJ, Stümpel J, Hammes V, Timmermann L, Woopen C, Schmitz-Luhn B, Storms A, Golla H, Nater UM, Skoluda N, Pfefferle PI, Pedrosa DJ. Study protocol of the HessenKohorte2042: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study characterising quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease and their caregivers using a bio-psycho-social approach. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080475. [PMID: 39067880 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quality of life (QoL) is of paramount importance as an outcome to monitor and guide therapies for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). In particular, due to the heterogeneous symptoms that PwPD may experience during their disease course, QoL can deteriorate not only in patients but also in their caregivers, with a variety of psychosocial consequences. However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies that explore how QoL evolves over time and what factors are significant. Furthermore, holistic approaches that consider bio-psycho-social determinants are rare. In the worst cases, these gaps can lead to suboptimal care and therefore unmet needs for patients and their caregivers, resulting in unnecessary symptom burden and increased healthcare costs for society. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective, longitudinal study will follow 1000 PwPD along with their caregivers for 20 years, with up to 40 semi-annual assessments. Patient data and sample collection will include clinical assessments, self-reported outcome measures focusing on QoL, biospecimen collection and MRI. Caregiver burden will be systematically assessed through self-administered questionnaires. The use of digitised surveys will allow efficient data collection and convenient assessment at home. Our primary objective is to attain a holistic understanding of QoL in PwPD and establish a tool to measure it. The secondary objective is to explore the psycho-social and biological variables associated with QoL of patients and caregivers over the progression of the disease. This will provide key information for diagnostic and prognostic prediction, therapeutic patient stratification and adaptation of therapy in the future. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the University Hospital of Marburg (study number: 209/19). The results will be disseminated by means of publication in peer-reviewed journals, international conference contributions, annual patient meetings and a dedicated website. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00023598).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Christine Ruppert-Junck
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center of Mind, Brain and Behaviour, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marlena van Munster
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Johanne Stümpel
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Life Ethics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Lars Timmermann
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center of Mind, Brain and Behaviour, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Anna Storms
- Katholische Akademie Die Wolfsburg, Diocese of Essen, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Heidrun Golla
- Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Urs M Nater
- Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Skoluda
- Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Ina Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biobank Marburg (CBBMR), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - David José Pedrosa
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center of Mind, Brain and Behaviour, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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5
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Barker RA, Björklund A, Parmar M. The history and status of dopamine cell therapies for Parkinson's disease. Bioessays 2024:e2400118. [PMID: 39058892 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway which has led to the successful development of drug therapies that replace or stimulate this network pharmacologically. Although these drugs work well in the early stages of the disease, over time they produce side effects along with less consistent clinical benefits to the person with Parkinson's (PwP). As such there has been much interest in repairing this pathway using transplants of dopamine neurons. This work which began 50 years ago this September is still ongoing and has now moved to first in human trials using human pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons. The results of these trials are eagerly awaited although proof of principle data has already come from trials using human fetal midbrain dopamine cell transplants. This data has shown that developing dopamine cells when transplanted in the brain of a PwP can survive long term with clinical benefits lasting decades and with restoration of normal dopaminergic innervation in the grafted striatum. In this article, we discuss the history of this field and how this has now led us to the recent stem cell trials for PwP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Björklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund Stem Cell Center and Division of Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Yang Y, Zhang Z. α-Synuclein pathology from the body to the brain: so many seeds so close to the central soil. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1463-1472. [PMID: 38051888 PMCID: PMC10883481 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT α-Synuclein is a protein that mainly exists in the presynaptic terminals. Abnormal folding and accumulation of α-synuclein are found in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Aggregated and highly phosphorylated α-synuclein constitutes the main component of Lewy bodies in the brain, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. For decades, much attention has been focused on the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain parenchyma rather than considering Parkinson's disease as a systemic disease. Recent evidence demonstrates that, at least in some patients, the initial α-synuclein pathology originates in the peripheral organs and spreads to the brain. Injection of α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the gastrointestinal tract triggers the gut-to-brain propagation of α-synuclein pathology. However, whether α-synuclein pathology can occur spontaneously in peripheral organs independent of exogenous α-synuclein preformed fibrils or pathological α-synuclein leakage from the central nervous system remains under investigation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of peripheral α-synuclein pathology in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. We also discuss the pathways by which α-synuclein pathology spreads from the body to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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7
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Candia-Rivera D, Chavez M, De Vico Fallani F. Measures of the coupling between fluctuating brain network organization and heartbeat dynamics. Netw Neurosci 2024; 8:557-575. [PMID: 38952808 PMCID: PMC11168717 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in studying brain-heart interactions. Methodological advancements have been proposed to investigate how the brain and the heart communicate, leading to new insights into some neural functions. However, most frameworks look at the interaction of only one brain region with heartbeat dynamics, overlooking that the brain has functional networks that change dynamically in response to internal and external demands. We propose a new framework for assessing the functional interplay between cortical networks and cardiac dynamics from noninvasive electrophysiological recordings. We focused on fluctuating network metrics obtained from connectivity matrices of EEG data. Specifically, we quantified the coupling between cardiac sympathetic-vagal activity and brain network metrics of clustering, efficiency, assortativity, and modularity. We validate our proposal using open-source datasets: one that involves emotion elicitation in healthy individuals, and another with resting-state data from patients with Parkinson's disease. Our results suggest that the connection between cortical network segregation and cardiac dynamics may offer valuable insights into the affective state of healthy participants, and alterations in the network physiology of Parkinson's disease. By considering multiple network properties, this framework may offer a more comprehensive understanding of brain-heart interactions. Our findings hold promise in the development of biomarkers for diagnostic and cognitive/motor function evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Candia-Rivera
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INRIA Paris (Nerv Team), INSERM U1127, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mario Chavez
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INRIA Paris (Nerv Team), INSERM U1127, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio De Vico Fallani
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INRIA Paris (Nerv Team), INSERM U1127, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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8
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Ryman SG, Vakhtin AA, Mayer AR, van der Horn HJ, Shaff NA, Nitschke SR, Julio KR, Tarawneh RM, Rosenberg GA, Diaz SV, Pirio Richardson SE, Lin HC. Abnormal Cerebrovascular Activity, Perfusion, and Glymphatic Clearance in Lewy Body Diseases. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38817039 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular activity is not only crucial to optimal cerebral perfusion, but also plays an important role in the glymphatic clearance of interstitial waste, including α-synuclein. This highlights a need to evaluate how cerebrovascular activity is altered in Lewy body diseases. This review begins by discussing how vascular risk factors and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction may serve as upstream or direct influences on cerebrovascular activity. We then discuss how patients with Lewy body disease exhibit reduced and delayed cerebrovascular activity, hypoperfusion, and reductions in measures used to capture cerebrospinal fluid flow, suggestive of a reduced capacity for glymphatic clearance. Given the lack of an existing framework, we propose a model by which these processes may foster α-synuclein aggregation and neuroinflammation. Importantly, this review highlights several avenues for future research that may lead to treatments early in the disease course, prior to neurodegeneration. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sephira G Ryman
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Center for Memory and Aging, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrei A Vakhtin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Harm Jan van der Horn
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nicholas A Shaff
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Stephanie R Nitschke
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kayla R Julio
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Rawan M Tarawneh
- Center for Memory and Aging, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Cognitive Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Gary A Rosenberg
- Center for Memory and Aging, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Shanna V Diaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sarah E Pirio Richardson
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Henry C Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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9
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Candia‐Rivera D, Vidailhet M, Chavez M, De Vico Fallani F. A framework for quantifying the coupling between brain connectivity and heartbeat dynamics: Insights into the disrupted network physiology in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26668. [PMID: 38520378 PMCID: PMC10960553 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) often shows disrupted brain connectivity and autonomic dysfunctions, progressing alongside with motor and cognitive decline. Recently, PD has been linked to a reduced sensitivity to cardiac inputs, that is, cardiac interoception. Altogether, those signs suggest that PD causes an altered brain-heart connection whose mechanisms remain unclear. Our study aimed to explore the large-scale network disruptions and the neurophysiology of disrupted interoceptive mechanisms in PD. We focused on examining the alterations in brain-heart coupling in PD and their potential connection to motor symptoms. We developed a proof-of-concept method to quantify relationships between the co-fluctuations of brain connectivity and cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activities. We quantified the brain-heart couplings from electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram recordings from PD patients on and off dopaminergic medication, as well as in healthy individuals at rest. Our results show that the couplings of fluctuating alpha and gamma connectivity with cardiac sympathetic dynamics are reduced in PD patients, as compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, we show that PD patients under dopamine medication recover part of the brain-heart coupling, in proportion with the reduced motor symptoms. Our proposal offers a promising approach to unveil the physiopathology of PD and promoting the development of new evaluation methods for the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Candia‐Rivera
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inria Paris, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, AP‐HP Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM)—Team “Movement Investigations and Therapeutics” (MOV'IT), CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, AP‐HP Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Mario Chavez
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inria Paris, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, AP‐HP Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Fabrizio De Vico Fallani
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inria Paris, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, AP‐HP Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
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10
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Kulcsarova K, Skorvanek M, Postuma RB, Berg D. Defining Parkinson's Disease: Past and Future. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024:JPD230411. [PMID: 38489197 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common still relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a long period in which the pathophysiological process is already spreading but cardinal motor symptoms are not present. This review outlines the major developments and milestones in our understanding of PD that have shaped the way we define this disorder. Past criteria and definitions of PD have been based on clinical motor manifestations enabling diagnosis of the disease only in later symptomatic stages. Nevertheless, with advancing knowledge of disease pathophysiology and aim of early disease detection, a major shift of the diagnostic paradigm is being advocated towards a biological definition similar to other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, with the ultimate goal of an earlier, disease course modifying therapy. We summarize the major pillars of this possible approach including in vivo detection of neuronal α-synuclein aggregation, neurodegeneration and genetics and outline their possible application in different contexts of use in the frame of biological PD definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kulcsarova
- Department of Neurology, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Neurology, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Scientific Park MEDIPARK, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Matej Skorvanek
- Department of Neurology, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Neurology, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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11
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Saleh MA, Amer-Sarsour F, Berant A, Pasmanik-Chor M, Kobo H, Sharabi Y, Vatine GD, Ashkenazi A. Chronic and acute exposure to rotenone reveals distinct Parkinson's disease-related phenotypes in human iPSC-derived peripheral neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:164-173. [PMID: 38246514 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral autonomic nervous system (P-ANS) dysfunction is a critical non-motor phenotype of Parkinson's disease (PD). The majority of PD cases are sporadic and lack identified PD-associated genes involved. Epidemiological and animal model studies suggest an association with pesticides and other environmental toxins. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying toxin induced P-ANS dysfunctions remain unclear. Here, we mapped the global transcriptome changes in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived P-ANS sympathetic neurons during inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by the PD-related pesticide, rotenone. We revealed distinct transcriptome profiles between acute and chronic exposure to rotenone. In the acute stage, there was a down regulation of specific cation channel genes, known to mediate electrophysiological activity, while in the chronic stage, the human P-ANS neurons exhibited dysregulation of anti-apoptotic and Golgi apparatus-related pathways. Moreover, we identified the sodium voltage-gated channel subunit SCN3A/Nav1.3 as a potential biomarker in human P-ANS neurons associated with PD. Our analysis of the rotenone-altered coding and non-coding transcriptome of human P-ANS neurons may thus provide insight into the pathological signaling events in the sympathetic neurons during PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ali Saleh
- The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel; The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Fatima Amer-Sarsour
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Berant
- The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel; The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hila Kobo
- Genomics Research Unit, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gad D Vatine
- The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel; The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Avraham Ashkenazi
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Tran KK, Lee PY, Finkelstein DI, McKendrick AM, Nguyen BN, Bui BV, Nguyen CT. Altered Outer Retinal Structure, Electrophysiology and Visual Perception in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:167-180. [PMID: 38189711 PMCID: PMC10836541 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual biomarkers of Parkinson's disease (PD) are attractive as the retina is an outpouching of the brain. Although inner retinal neurodegeneration in PD is well-established this has overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases and thus outer retinal (photoreceptor) measures warrant further investigation. OBJECTIVE To examine in a cross-sectional study whether clinically implementable measures targeting outer retinal function and structure can differentiate PD from healthy ageing and whether these are sensitive to intraday levodopa (L-DOPA) dosing. METHODS Centre-surround perceptual contrast suppression, macular visual field sensitivity, colour discrimination, light-adapted electroretinography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were tested in PD participants (n = 16) and controls (n = 21). Electroretinography and OCT were conducted before and after midday L-DOPA in PD participants, or repeated after ∼2 hours in controls. RESULTS PD participants had decreased center-surround contrast suppression (p < 0.01), reduced macular visual field sensitivity (p < 0.05), color vision impairment (p < 0.01) photoreceptor dysfunction (a-wave, p < 0.01) and photoreceptor neurodegeneration (outer nuclear layer thinning, p < 0.05), relative to controls. Effect size comparison between inner and outer retinal parameters showed that photoreceptor metrics were similarly robust in differentiating the PD group from age-matched controls as inner retinal changes. Electroretinography and OCT were unaffected by L-DOPA treatment or time. CONCLUSIONS We show that outer retinal outcomes of photoreceptoral dysfunction (decreased cone function and impaired color vision) and degeneration (i.e., outer nuclear layer thinning) were equivalent to inner retinal metrics at differentiating PD from healthy age-matched adults. These findings suggest outer retinal metrics may serve as useful biomarkers for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie K.N. Tran
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Lee
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison M. McKendrick
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Division of Optometry, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Bao N. Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bang V. Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine T.O. Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Lauritsen J, Romero-Ramos M. The systemic immune response in Parkinson's disease: focus on the peripheral immune component. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:863-878. [PMID: 37598092 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
During Parkinson's disease (PD), both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are affected. In parallel, innate immune cells respond early to neuronal changes and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) pathology. Moreover, some of the affected neuronal groups innervate organs with a relevant role in immunity. Consequently, not only microglia, but also peripheral immune cells are altered, resulting in a systemic immune response. Innate and adaptive immune cells may participate in the neurodegenerative process by acting peripherally, infiltrating the brain, or releasing mediators that can protect or harm neurons. However, the sequence of the changes and the significance of each immune compartment in the disease remain to be clarified. In this review, we describe current understanding of the peripheral immune response in PD and discuss the road ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Lauritsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Faculty & Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Faculty & Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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14
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Shiffer D, Zamunér AR, Minonzio M, Bulgheroni M, Porta A, Leone R, Bottazzi B, Garlanda C, Colotta F, Barbic F, Mantovani A, Furlan R. Soluble interleukin-1 receptor type 2 plasma levels in Parkinson's disease: relationship with cardiac autonomic profile before and after peripheral mechanical somatosensory stimulation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1168652. [PMID: 37664433 PMCID: PMC10468972 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1168652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic inflammation promotes neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Interleukin-1 receptor type 2 (sIL-1R2) plasma levels increase during inflammation. Data on sIL-1R2 in PD patients and its relationship with PD cardiac autonomic profile are limited, given the possible anti-inflammatory effect of vagal activation. Previously, automated mechanical peripheral somatosensory stimulation (AMPSS) enhanced cardiac vagal modulation. Objectives were to 1) evaluate sIL-1R2 plasma concentrations in PD patients and healthy controls and 2) investigate the correlations between sIL-1R2 and cardiac autonomic indices obtained by spectrum analysis of heart rate variability before and after AMPSS. Methods: sIL-1R2 plasma levels were assessed in 48 PD patients and 50 healthy controls. Electrocardiogram and beat-by-beat arterial pressure were recorded at baseline and after 5 AMPSS sessions in 16 PD patients. Results: PD patients had higher sIL-1R2 levels than controls. In the PD subgroup, an inverse correlation between sIL-1R2 and HFnu was found. There was a negative correlation between changes induced by AMPSS on HFnu and sIL-1R2. Discussion: Higher sIL-1R2 levels in PD patients reflect the inflammatory dysregulation associated with the disease. In PD patients, higher sIL-1R2 was associated with reduced cardiovagal tone. Increased cardiovagal modulation following AMPSS was associated with lower sIL-1R2 levels in Parkinson's disease patients, suggesting inflammatory state improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Shiffer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Maura Minonzio
- Internal Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Mara Bulgheroni
- Department of Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico di San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | | | | | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Franca Barbic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaello Furlan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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15
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Lee B, Edling C, Ahmad S, LeBeau FEN, Tse G, Jeevaratnam K. Clinical and Non-Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Associated Pathologies in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12601. [PMID: 37628780 PMCID: PMC10454288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable breakthroughs in Parkinson's disease (PD) research, understanding of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in PD remains limited. The lack of basic level models that can properly recapitulate PD NMS either in vivo or in vitro complicates matters. Even so, recent research advances have identified cardiovascular NMS as being underestimated in PD. Considering that a cardiovascular phenotype reflects sympathetic autonomic dysregulation, cardiovascular symptoms of PD can play a pivotal role in understanding the pathogenesis of PD. In this study, we have reviewed clinical and non-clinical published papers with four key parameters: cardiovascular disease risks, electrocardiograms (ECG), neurocardiac lesions in PD, and fundamental electrophysiological studies that can be linked to the heart. We have highlighted the points and limitations that the reviewed articles have in common. ECG and pathological reports suggested that PD patients may undergo alterations in neurocardiac regulation. The pathological evidence also suggested that the hearts of PD patients were involved in alpha-synucleinopathy. Finally, there is to date little research available that addresses the electrophysiology of in vitro Parkinson's disease models. For future reference, research that can integrate cardiac electrophysiology and pathological alterations is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonn Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, VSM Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7YW, UK; (B.L.); (C.E.); (S.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Charlotte Edling
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, VSM Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7YW, UK; (B.L.); (C.E.); (S.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Shiraz Ahmad
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, VSM Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7YW, UK; (B.L.); (C.E.); (S.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Fiona E. N. LeBeau
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Gary Tse
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, VSM Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7YW, UK; (B.L.); (C.E.); (S.A.); (G.T.)
- Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT2 7FS, UK
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, VSM Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7YW, UK; (B.L.); (C.E.); (S.A.); (G.T.)
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16
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Al-kuraishy HM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Elhussieny O, Saad HM, Batiha GES. New insights on the potential effect of vinpocetine in Parkinson's disease: one of the neglected warden and baffling topics. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1831-1840. [PMID: 37335452 PMCID: PMC10348926 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Vinpocetine (VPN) is an ethyl apovincaminate that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphodiesterase enzyme 1 (PDE-1). VPN is used in the management of stroke, dementia, and other neurodegenerative brain diseases. VPN may be effective in treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, this review aimed to clarify the mechanistic role of VPN in the management of PD. VPN has protective and restorative effects against neuronal injury by reducing neuroinflammation, and improvement of synaptic plasticity and cerebral blood flow. VPN protects dopaminergic neurons by reducing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, glutamate neurotoxicity, and regulation of Ca+ 2 overloads. VPN can alleviate PD neuropathology through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic and neurogenic effects. VPN through inhibition of PDE1 improves cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). VPN improves PD neuropathology through PDE1 inhibition with a subsequent increase of the cAMP/cGMP signaling pathway. Therefore, increasing cAMP leads to antioxidant effects, while augmentation of cGMP by VPN leads to anti-inflammatory effects which reduced neurotoxicity and development of motor severity in PD. In conclusion, this review indicated that VPN could be effective in the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al- Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770 Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Omnya Elhussieny
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, 51744 Marsa Matruh, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744 Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
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17
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Heimler B, Koren O, Inzelberg R, Rosenblum U, Hassin-Baer S, Zeilig G, Bartsch RP, Plotnik M. Heart-rate variability as a new marker for freezing predisposition in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023:105476. [PMID: 37321936 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Freezing of gait (FoG) is a debilitating symptom of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) characterized by a sudden, episodic stepping arrest despite the intention to continue walking. The etiology of FoG is still unknown, but accumulating evidence unraveled physiological signatures of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) around FoG episodes. Here we aim to investigate for the first time whether detecting a predisposition for upcoming FoG events from ANS activity measured at rest is possible. METHODS We recorded heart-rate for 1-min while standing in 28 persons with PD with FoG (PD + FoG), while OFF, and in 21 elderly controls (EC). Then, PD + FoG participants performed walking trials containing FoG-triggering events (e.g., turns). During these trials, n = 15 did experience FoG (PD + FoG+), while n = 13 did not (PD + FoG-). Most PD participants (n = 20: 10 PD + FoG+ and 10 PD + FoG-) repeated the experiment 2-3 weeks later, while ON, and none experienced FoG. We then analyzed heart-rate variability (HRV), i.e., the fluctuations in time intervals between adjacent heartbeats, mainly generated by brain-heart interactions. RESULTS During OFF, HRV was significantly lower in PD + FoG + participants, reflecting imbalanced sympathetic/parasympathetic activity and disrupted self-regulatory capacity. PD + FoG- and EC participants showed comparable (higher) HRV. During ON, HRV did not differ among groups. HRV values did not correlate with age, PD duration, levodopa consumption, nor motor -symptoms severity scores. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results document for the first time a relation between HRV at rest and FoG presence/absence during gait trials, expanding previous evidence regarding the involvement of ANS in FoG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Heimler
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Or Koren
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rivka Inzelberg
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Rosenblum
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gabi Zeilig
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Health Professions, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel
| | - Ronny P Bartsch
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Meir Plotnik
- Center of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Catrambone V, Valenza G. Complex Brain-Heart Mapping in Mental and Physical Stress. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2023; 11:495-504. [PMID: 37817820 PMCID: PMC10561752 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2023.3280974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The central and autonomic nervous systems are deemed complex dynamic systems, wherein each system as a whole shows features that the individual system sub-components do not. They also continuously interact to maintain body homeostasis and appropriate react to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Such interactions are comprehensively referred to functional brain-heart interplay (BHI). Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether this interaction also exhibits complex characteristics, that is, whether the dynamics of the entire nervous system inherently demonstrate complex behavior, or if such complexity is solely a trait of the central and autonomic systems. Here, we performed complexity mapping of the BHI dynamics under mental and physical stress conditions. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Electroencephalographic and heart rate variability series were obtained from 56 healthy individuals performing mental arithmetic or cold-pressure tasks, and physiological series were properly combined to derive directional BHI series, whose complexity was quantified through fuzzy entropy. RESULTS The experimental results showed that BHI complexity is mainly modulated in the efferent functional direction from the brain to the heart, and mainly targets vagal oscillations during mental stress and sympathovagal oscillations during physical stress. CONCLUSION We conclude that the complexity of BHI mapping may provide insightful information on the dynamics of both central and autonomic activity, as well as on their continuous interaction. CLINICAL IMPACT This research enhances our comprehension of the reciprocal interactions between central and autonomic systems, potentially paving the way for more accurate diagnoses and targeted treatments of cardiovascular, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Catrambone
- Neurocardiovascular Intelligence Laboratory, Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio, and Department of Information EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of Pisa56126PisaItaly
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Neurocardiovascular Intelligence Laboratory, Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E. Piaggio, and Department of Information EngineeringSchool of EngineeringUniversity of Pisa56126PisaItaly
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19
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Li Q, Meng LB, Chen LJ, Shi X, Tu L, Zhou Q, Yu JL, Liao X, Zeng Y, Yuan QY. The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and intestinal microbiome dysregulation in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1185375. [PMID: 37305758 PMCID: PMC10249504 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1185375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with aging. Its main pathological feature is the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons related to the misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein. The pathogenesis of PD has not yet been fully elucidated, and its occurrence and development process are closely related to the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Dysregulation of intestinal microbiota may promote the damage of the intestinal epithelial barrier, intestinal inflammation, and the upward diffusion of phosphorylated α-synuclein from the enteric nervous system (ENS) to the brain in susceptible individuals and further lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) through the disordered microbiota-gut-brain axis. The present review aimed to summarize recent advancements in studies focusing on the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of PD, especially the mechanism of intestinal microbiome dysregulation, intestinal inflammation, and gastrointestinal dysfunction in PD. Maintaining or restoring homeostasis in the gut microenvironment by targeting the gut microbiome may provide future direction for the development of new biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD and therapeutic strategies to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-bing Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-jun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Shi
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Tu
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-long Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao-ying Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Gong Y. Neuron-immunity communication: mechanism of neuroprotective effects in EGCG. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37216484 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2212069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a naturally occurring active ingredient unique to tea, has been shown to have neuroprotective potential. There is growing evidence of its potential advantages in the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurological damage. Neuroimmune communication is an important physiological mechanism in neurological diseases, including immune cell activation and response, cytokine delivery. EGCG shows great neuroprotective potential by modulating signals related to autoimmune response and improving communication between the nervous system and the immune system, effectively reducing the inflammatory state and neurological function. During neuroimmune communication, EGCG promotes the secretion of neurotrophic factors into the repair of damaged neurons, improves intestinal microenvironmental homeostasis, and ameliorates pathological phenotypes through molecular and cellular mechanisms related to the brain-gut axis. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammatory signaling exchange involving neuroimmune communication. We further emphasize that the neuroprotective role of EGCG is dependent on the modulatory role between immunity and neurology in neurologically related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Educatioxn, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Educatioxn, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yushun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Educatioxn, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
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21
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Biosensor integrated brain-on-a-chip platforms: Progress and prospects in clinical translation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115100. [PMID: 36709589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Because of the brain's complexity, developing effective treatments for neurological disorders is a formidable challenge. Research efforts to this end are advancing as in vitro systems have reached the point that they can imitate critical components of the brain's structure and function. Brain-on-a-chip (BoC) was first used for microfluidics-based systems with small synthetic tissues but has expanded recently to include in vitro simulation of the central nervous system (CNS). Defining the system's qualifying parameters may improve the BoC for the next generation of in vitro platforms. These parameters show how well a given platform solves the problems unique to in vitro CNS modeling (like recreating the brain's microenvironment and including essential parts like the blood-brain barrier (BBB)) and how much more value it offers than traditional cell culture systems. This review provides an overview of the practical concerns of creating and deploying BoC systems and elaborates on how these technologies might be used. Not only how advanced biosensing technologies could be integrated with BoC system but also how novel approaches will automate assays and improve point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics and accurate quantitative analyses are discussed. Key challenges providing opportunities for clinical translation of BoC in neurodegenerative disorders are also addressed.
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22
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Cheng Y, Tong Q, Yuan Y, Song X, Jiang W, Wang Y, Li W, Li Y, Zhang K. α-Synuclein induces prodromal symptoms of Parkinson's disease via activating TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in Schwann cells of vagus nerve in a rat model. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 36788559 PMCID: PMC9926693 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) present with peripheral autonomic dysfunction (AutD) that even precedes motor deficits, through which α-synuclein can spread to the central nervous system. However, the pathological mechanisms underlying AutD in prodromal PD remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of α-synuclein and its interplay with the activation of Schwann cells (SCs) of the vagus nerve in AutD. METHODS Rats were subjected to injection with adeno-associated viruses containing the human mutated A53T gene (AAV-A53T) or an empty vector into the left cervical vagus nerve and evaluated for gastrointestinal symptoms, locomotor functions, intestinal blood flow, and nerve electrophysiology. Further, we examined the impact of α-synucleinopathy on vagus nerves, SCs, and central nervous system neurons using electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Finally, the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in regulating the neuroinflammation in the vagus nerve via MyD88 and NF-κB pathway was determined using genetic knockdown. RESULTS We found that rats injected with AAV-A53T in the vagus nerve exhibited prominent signs of AutD, preceding the onset of motor deficits and central dopaminergic abnormalities by at least 3 months, which could serve as a model for prodromal PD. In addition, reduced intestinal blood flow and decreased nerve conduction velocity were identified in AAV-A53T-injected rats, accompanied by disrupted myelin sheaths and swollen SCs in the vagus nerve. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that p-α-synuclein was deposited in SCs but not in axons, activating the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and leading to neuroinflammatory responses. In contrast, silencing the TLR2 gene not only reduced inflammatory cytokine expression but also ameliorated vagal demyelination and secondary axonal loss, consequently improving autonomic function in rats. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that overexpression of α-synuclein in the vagus nerve can induce symptoms of AutD in prodromal PD, and provide support for a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying AutD and the emergence of effective therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cheng
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Qing Tong
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yongsheng Yuan
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Xinna Song
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yueping Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211116 China
| | - Wenjie Li
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211116 China
| | - Yangxia Li
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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23
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Ni R. PET imaging in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114174. [PMID: 36283568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, are characterized by aberrant accumulation of alpha-synuclein and synaptic dysfunction leading to motor and cognitive deficits. Animal models of alpha-synucleinopathy have greatly facilitated the mechanistic understanding of the disease and the development of therapeutics. Various transgenic, alpha-synuclein fibril-injected, and toxin-injected animal models of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy that recapitulate the disease pathology have been developed and widely used. Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the noninvasive visualization of molecular alterations, underpinning behavioral dysfunctions in the brains of animal models and the longitudinal monitoring of treatment effects. Imaging studies in these disease animal models have employed multi-tracer PET designs to reveal dopaminergic deficits together with other molecular alterations. This review focuses on the development of new positron emission tomography tracers and studies of alpha-synuclein, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A neurotransmitter receptor deficits such as dopaminergic receptor, dopaminergic transporter, serotonergic receptor, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 in animal models of Parkinson's disease. The outstanding challenges and emerging applications are outlined, such as investigating the gut-brain-axis by using positron emission tomography in animal models, and provide a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Schrag A, Bohlken J, Dammertz L, Teipel S, Hermann W, Akmatov MK, Bätzing J, Holstiege J. Widening the Spectrum of Risk Factors, Comorbidities, and Prodromal Features of Parkinson Disease. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:161-171. [PMID: 36342675 PMCID: PMC9641600 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Importance The prodromal phase of Parkinson disease (PD) may last for more than 10 years. Recognition of the spectrum and occurrence of risk factors, comorbidities, and prodromal features of PD can increase understanding of the causes and development of the disease and help identify individuals at risk. Objective To identify the association of a subsequent diagnosis of PD with a range of risk factors and prodromal features, including lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and potential extracerebral manifestations of PD. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a case-control study using insurance claims of outpatient consultations of patients with German statutory health insurance between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020. Included were patients with incident diagnosis of PD without a previous diagnosis of parkinsonism or dementia and controls matched 1:2 for age, sex, region, and earliest year of outpatient encounter. Exposures Exposures were selected based on previous systematic reviews, case-control and cohort studies reporting on risk factors, comorbidities, and prodromal features of PD. Main Outcomes and Measures Previously postulated risk factors and prodromal features of PD, using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) coding. Results A total of 138 345 patients with incident PD (mean [SD] age, 75.1 [9.8] years; 73 720 male [53.3%]) and 276 690 matched controls (mean [SD] age, 75.1 (9.8) years; 147 440 male [53.3%]) were identified. Study participants were followed up for a mean (SD) of 6.0 (2.0) years. Consistent with previous reports, risk factors and prodromal features associated with PD included traumatic brain injury, odds ratio (OR), 1.62; 95% CI, 1.36-1.92; alcohol misuse, OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.21-1.44; hypertension, OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.26-1.31; anosmia, OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.59-2.93; and parasomnias (including RBD), OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.42-1.84. In addition, there were associations with restless legs syndrome (OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 3.91-4.50), sleep apnea (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.37-1.54), epilepsy (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 2.07-2.46), migraine (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.29), bipolar disorder (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 3.11-4.67), and schizophrenia (OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 3.82-5.25). The following diagnoses were also found to be associated with PD: sensory impairments beyond anosmia, such as hearing loss (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09-1.20) and changes of skin sensation (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.21-1.43). There were also positive associations with skin disorders (eg, seborrheic dermatitis, OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.46; psoriasis, OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.21), gastrointestinal disorders (eg, gastroesophageal reflux, OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.25-1.33; gastritis, OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.24-1.33), conditions with a potential inflammatory component (eg, seronegative osteoarthritis, OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03-1.43), and diabetes types 1 (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.21-1.43) and 2 (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.20-1.27). Associations even 5 to 10 years before diagnosis included tremor (odds ratio [OR], 4.49; 95% CI, 3.98-5.06), restless legs syndrome (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 3.39-4.09), bipolar disorder (OR, 3.80; 95% CI, 2.82-5.14), and schizophrenia (OR, 4.00; 95% CI, 3.31-4.85). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this case-control study suggest that the associations found between PD and certain risk factors, comorbidities, and prodromal symptoms in a representative population may reflect possible early extrastriatal and extracerebral pathology of PD. This may be due to shared genetic risk with PD, medication exposure, or direct causation, or represent pathophysiologically relevant factors contributing to the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Schrag
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Bohlken
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lotte Dammertz
- Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Manas K. Akmatov
- Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Bätzing
- Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Holstiege
- Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in Germany, Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Atlas, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Miyamoto K, Saiki S, Matsumoto H, Suzuki A, Yamashita Y, Iseki T, Ueno SI, Shiina K, Kataura T, Kamagata K, Imamichi Y, Sasazawa Y, Fujimaki M, Akamatsu W, Hattori N. Systemic Metabolic Alteration Dependent on the Thyroid-Liver Axis in Early PD. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:303-316. [PMID: 36128871 PMCID: PMC10092289 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by initial involvement of the olfactory bulb/amygdala or autonomic nerves followed by nigral degeneration. Although autonomic innervation strictly regulates multiorgan systems, including endocrine functions, circulation, and digestion, how dysautonomia in PD affects systemic metabolism has not been identified. In this study, we tried to estimate the pathogenic linkage of PD by nuclear medicine techniques, trans-omic analysis of blood samples, and cultured cell experiments. METHODS Thyroid mediastinum ratio of 123 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy was measured in 1,158 patients with PD. Furthermore, serum exosome miRNA transcriptome analysis and plasma metabolome analysis followed by trans-omic analysis were performed in patients with de novo PD and age-matched healthy control persons. Additionally, thyroid hormone was administered to skeletal muscle and liver derived cells to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism for these organs. RESULTS Sympathetic denervation of thyroid correlating with its cardiac denervation was confirmed in 1,158 patients with PD by MIBG scintigraphy. Among patients with drug-naïve PD, comprehensive metabolome analysis revealed decreased levels of thyroxine and insufficient fatty acid β-oxidation, which positively correlate with one another. Likewise, both plasma metabolome data and transcriptome data of circulating exosomal miRNAs, revealed specific enrichment of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) axis. Finally, association of thyroid hormone with PPARα-dependent β-oxidation regulation was confirmed by in vitro experiments. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that interorgan communications between the thyroid and liver are disorganized in the early stage of PD, which would be a sensitive diagnostic biomarker for PD. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:303-316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayami Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatou Iseki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Shiina
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Kataura
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Imamichi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sasazawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Fujimaki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Zhang X, Liu F, Gu Z. Tissue Engineering in Neuroscience: Applications and Perspectives. BME FRONTIERS 2023; 4:0007. [PMID: 37849680 PMCID: PMC10521717 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders have always been a threat to human physical and mental health nowadays, which are closely related to the nonregeneration of neurons in the nervous system (NS). The damage to the NS is currently difficult to repair using conventional therapies, such as surgery and medication. Therefore, repairing the damaged NS has always been a vast challenge in the area of neurology. Tissue engineering (TE), which integrates the cell biology and materials science to reconstruct or repair organs and tissues, has widespread applications in bone, periodontal tissue defects, skin repairs, and corneal transplantation. Recently, tremendous advances have been made in TE regarding neuroscience. In this review, we summarize TE's recent progress in neuroscience, including pathological mechanisms of various neurological disorders, the concepts and classification of TE, and the most recent development of TE in neuroscience. Lastly, we prospect the future directions and unresolved problems of TE in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Zhang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fuyao Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
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27
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Xi X, Han L. Exploring the relationship between novel Coronavirus pneumonia and Parkinson's disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31813. [PMID: 36401405 PMCID: PMC9678520 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis is that there is 0a relationship between Parkinson's disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). By summarizing the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and COVID-19 and the impact of COVID-19 on the central nervous system, the relationship between Parkinson's disease and COVID-19 was analyzed, including whether Parkinson's disease is a predisposition factor for COVID-19 and whether COVID-19 causes the occurrence of Parkinson's disease. Discuss the impact of COVID-19 on patients with Parkinson's disease, including symptoms and life impact. To summarize the principles, goals and methods of home rehabilitation for Parkinson's disease patients during COVID-19. Through the analysis of this paper, it is believed that COVID-19 may cause Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease has the condition of susceptibility to COVID-19, but this conclusion is still controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xi
- Rehabilitation Center,Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing
- * Correspondence: Xiaoming Xi, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No.15, Badachu Xixizhuang, Shijingshan District, Beijing (e-mail: )
| | - Liang Han
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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28
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Che NN, Chen S, Jiang QH, Chen SY, Zhao ZX, Li X, Malik RA, Ma JJ, Yang HQ. Corneal confocal microscopy differentiates patients with Parkinson’s disease with and without autonomic involvement. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:114. [PMID: 36085290 PMCID: PMC9463159 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomic dysregulation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can precede motor deficits and is associated with reduced quality of life, disease progression, and increased mortality. Objective markers of autonomic involvement in PD are limited. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a rapid ophthalmic technique that can quantify small nerve damage in a range of peripheral and autonomic neuropathies. Here we investigated whether CCM can be used to assess autonomic symptoms in PD. Based on the scale for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease for autonomic symptoms (SCOPA-AUT), patients with PD were classified into those without autonomic symptoms (AutD-N), with single (AutD-S), and multiple (AutD-M) domain autonomic dysfunction. Corneal nerve fiber pathology was quantified using CCM, and the relationship with autonomic symptoms was explored. The study enrolled 71 PD patients and 30 control subjects. Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and CNBD/CNFD ratio were lower in PD patients with autonomic symptoms compared to those without autonomic symptoms. Autonomic symptoms correlated positively with CNFD (r = −0.350, p = 0.004), and were not related to Levodopa equivalent daily dose (r = 0.042, p = 0.733) after adjusting for age, disease severity, disease duration or cognitive function. CCM parameters had high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing patients with PD with and without autonomic symptoms. PD patients with autonomic symptoms have corneal nerve loss, and CCM could serve as an objective ophthalmic imaging technique to identify patients with PD and autonomic symptoms.
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29
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Liu S, Liu C, Hu W, Ji Y. Frequency, Severity, and Duration of Autonomic Symptoms in Patients of Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:923-929. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Autonomic dysfunction is supportive clinical feature for diagnosis of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Objective: To compare the features of autonomic symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) and Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD). Methods: Autonomic symptoms were evaluated in the MCI-LB and MCI-AD patients using the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease for autonomic symptoms (SCOPA-AUT). Results: Thirty patients with MCI-LB and 90 patients with MCI-AD were recruited. The frequency of autonomic dysfunction was higher in patients with MCI-LB compared to the MCI-AD patients (80% versus 54.4%, p = 0.013) and the gastrointestinal symptoms were predominant (73.3% versus 35.6%, p < 0.001). Salivation, constipation, incontinence, incomplete emptying, lightheadedness when standing up or standing for some times, diurnal or nocturnal hyperhidrosis, and sexual dysfunction were more severe and protracted in the MCI-LB group compared to the MCI-AD group. Conclusion: The MCI-LB patients showed higher frequency and severity, as well as longer duration of autonomic symptoms compared to the MCI-AD group. These symptoms can facilitate early diagnosis of patients with DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzheng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin, China
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30
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Wieling W, Kaufmann H, Claydon VE, van Wijnen VK, Harms MPM, Juraschek SP, Thijs RD. Diagnosis and treatment of orthostatic hypotension. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:735-746. [PMID: 35841911 PMCID: PMC10024337 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Orthostatic hypotension is an unusually large decrease in blood pressure on standing that increases the risk of adverse outcomes even when asymptomatic. Improvements in haemodynamic profiling with continuous blood pressure measurements have uncovered four major subtypes: initial orthostatic hypotension, delayed blood pressure recovery, classic orthostatic hypotension, and delayed orthostatic hypotension. Clinical presentations are varied and range from cognitive slowing with hypotensive unawareness or unexplained falls to classic presyncope and syncope. Establishing whether symptoms are due to orthostatic hypotension requires careful history taking, a thorough physical examination, and supine and upright blood pressure measurements. Management and prognosis vary according to the underlying cause, with the main distinction being whether orthostatic hypotension is neurogenic or non-neurogenic. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension might be the earliest clinical manifestation of Parkinson's disease or related synucleinopathies, and often coincides with supine hypertension. The emerging variety of clinical presentations advocates a stepwise, individualised, and primarily non-pharmacological approach to the management of orthostatic hypotension. Such an approach could include the cessation of blood pressure lowering drugs, adoption of lifestyle measures (eg, counterpressure manoeuvres), and treatment with pharmacological agents in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Wieling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victoria E Claydon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Veera K van Wijnen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mark P M Harms
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephen P Juraschek
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland D Thijs
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, Netherlands.
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31
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Martins-Pinge MC, de Jager L, de Campos BH, Bezerra LO, Turini PG, Pinge-Filho P. Nitric Oxide Involvement in Cardiovascular Dysfunctions of Parkinson Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898797. [PMID: 35899105 PMCID: PMC9309809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, causing motor changes. In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor dysfunctions such as psychological, sensory and autonomic disorders are recorded. Manifestations related to the autonomic nervous system include the cardiovascular system, as postural hypotension, postprandial hypotension, and low blood pressure. One of the mediators involved is the nitric oxide (NO). In addition to the known roles such as vasodilator, neuromodulator, NO acts as an important mediator of the immune response, increasing the inflammatory response provoked by PD in central nervous system. The use of non-specific NOS inhibitors attenuated the neurodegenerative response in animal models of PD. However, the mechanisms by which NO contributes to neurodegeneration are still not well understood. The literature suggest that the contribution of NO occurs through its interaction with superoxides, products of oxidative stress, and blocking of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in neuronal death. Most studies involving Parkinsonism models have evaluated brain NO concentrations, with little data available on its peripheral action. Considering that studies that evaluated the involvement of NO in the neurodegeneration in PD, through NOS inhibitors administration, showed neuroprotection in rats, it has prompted new studies to assess the participation of NOS isoforms in cardiovascular changes induced by parkinsonism, and thus to envision new targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders in PD. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review to assess available information on the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in cardiovascular aspects of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge,
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Lorena Oliveira Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Pamela Giovana Turini
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina- UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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32
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Sola P, Krishnamurthy PT, Kumari M, Byran G, Gangadharappa HV, Garikapati KK. Neuroprotective approaches to halt Parkinson's disease progression. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105380. [PMID: 35718278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant threats in Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegeneration. Neurodegeneration at both nigral as well as non-nigral regions of the brain is considered responsible for disease progression in PD. The key factors that initiate neurodegeneration are oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial complex-1 inhibition, and abnormal α-synuclein (SNCA) protein aggregations. Nigral neurodegeneration results in motor symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, shuffling gait, and postural instability) whereas; non-nigral neurodegeneration is responsible for non-motor symptoms (depression, cognitive dysfunctions, sleep disorders, hallucination, and psychosis). The available therapies for PD aim at increasing dopamine levels. The medications such as Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, catechol o-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, Dopamine precursor (Levodopa), dopamine agonists, and dopamine reuptake inhibitors drastically improve the motor symptoms and quality of life only in the early stages of the disease. However, dopa resistant motor symptoms (abnormality in posture, speech impediment, gait, and balance problems), dopa resistant non-motor signs (sleep problems, autonomic dysfunction, mood, and cognitive impairment, pain), and drug-related side effects (motor fluctuations, psychosis, and dyskinesias) are considered responsible for the failure of these therapies. Further, none of the treatments, alone or in combination, are capable of halting the disease progression in the long run. Therefore, there is a need to develop safe and efficient neuroprotective agents, which can slow or stop the disease progression for the better management of PD. In this review, an effort has been made to discuss the various mechanisms responsible for progressive neurodegeneration (disease progression) in PD and also multiple strategies available for halting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyong Sola
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
| | - Mamta Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Gowramma Byran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | | | - Kusuma Kumari Garikapati
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
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33
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Wang Y, Zhou L, Jiang H, Yu L. Editorial: Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Brain to Heart. Front Physiol 2022; 13:884832. [PMID: 35574478 PMCID: PMC9100677 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.884832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Research Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lilei Yu,
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Cohen-Adiv S, Ashkenazi A. Fatty acid balance regulates α-synuclein pathology. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:417-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Li YY, Zhou TT, Zhang Y, Chen NH, Yuan YH. Distribution of α-Synuclein Aggregation in the Peripheral Tissues. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3627-3634. [PMID: 35348944 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by movement disorders and other non-motor symptoms, including the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra parts. Abnormal α-synuclein aggregation in the brain is closely associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons. α-synuclein can propagate in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery under pathological conditions. Many researches have focused on its aggregation and distribution in the CNS and explored its relationship with PD. But in recent years, the distribution of α-synuclein in peripheral tissues have been paid much attention. This review summarized the distribution of α-synuclein in the choroid plexus, blood, saliva, gastrointestine and other tissues, and discussed the potential mechanism of α-synuclein aggregation, providing a basis for the early diagnosis and intervention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, I Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, I Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Environmental triggers of Parkinson's disease - Implications of the Braak and dual-hit hypotheses. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 163:105601. [PMID: 34954321 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) may take decades to develop, during which many risk or protective factors may come into play to initiate the pathogenesis or modify its progression to clinical PD. The lack of understanding of this prodromal phase of PD and the factors involved has been a major hurdle in the study of PD etiology and preventive strategies. Although still controversial, the Braak and dual-hit hypotheses that PD may start peripherally in the olfactory structures and/or the gut provides a theoretical platform to identify the triggers and modifiers of PD prodromal development and progression. This is particularly true for the search of environmental causes of PD as the olfactory structures and gut are the major human mucosal interfaces with the environment. In this review, we lay out our personal views about how the Braak and dual-hit hypotheses may help us search for the environmental triggers and modifiers for PD, summarize available experimental and epidemiological evidence, and discuss research gaps and strategies.
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37
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Autonomic failure: a neglected presentation of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:781-782. [PMID: 34536397 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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