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Unnisa Z, Yoon JK, Schindler JW, Mason C, van Til NP. Gene Therapy Developments for Pompe Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:302. [PMID: 35203513 PMCID: PMC8869611 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease is an inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). The most severe form is infantile-onset Pompe disease, presenting shortly after birth with symptoms of cardiomyopathy, respiratory failure and skeletal muscle weakness. Late-onset Pompe disease is characterized by a slower disease progression, primarily affecting skeletal muscles. Despite recent advancements in enzyme replacement therapy management several limitations remain using this therapeutic approach, including risks of immunogenicity complications, inability to penetrate CNS tissue, and the need for life-long therapy. The next wave of promising single therapy interventions involves gene therapies, which are entering into a clinical translational stage. Both adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated hematopoietic stem and progenitor (HSPC) gene therapy have the potential to provide effective therapy for this multisystemic disorder. Optimization of viral vector designs, providing tissue-specific expression and GAA protein modifications to enhance secretion and uptake has resulted in improved preclinical efficacy and safety data. In this review, we highlight gene therapy developments, in particular, AAV and LV HSPC-mediated gene therapy technologies, to potentially address all components of the neuromuscular associated Pompe disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenath Unnisa
- AVROBIO, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (Z.U.); (J.K.Y.); (J.W.S.); (C.M.)
| | - John K. Yoon
- AVROBIO, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (Z.U.); (J.K.Y.); (J.W.S.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Chris Mason
- AVROBIO, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (Z.U.); (J.K.Y.); (J.W.S.); (C.M.)
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Niek P. van Til
- AVROBIO, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (Z.U.); (J.K.Y.); (J.W.S.); (C.M.)
- Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Kohn DB. Eliminating SCID row: new approaches to SCID. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2014; 2014:475-480. [PMID: 25696897 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatments for patients with SCID by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have changed this otherwise lethal primary immune deficiency disorder into one with an increasingly good prognosis. SCID has been the paradigm disorder supporting many key advances in the field of HSCT, with first-in-human successes with matched sibling, haploidentical, and matched unrelated donor allogeneic transplantations. Nevertheless, the optimal approaches for HSCT are still being defined, including determining the optimal stem cell sources, the use and types of pretransplantation conditioning, and applications for SCID subtypes associated with radiosensitivity, for patients with active viral infections and for neonates. Alternatively, autologous transplantation after ex vivo gene correction (gene therapy) has been applied successfully to the treatment of adenosine deaminase-deficient SCID and X-linked SCID by vector-mediated gene addition. Gene therapy holds the prospect of avoiding risks of GVHD and would allow each patient to be their own donor. New approaches to gene therapy by gene correction in autologous HSCs using site-specific endonuclease-mediated homology-driven gene repair are under development. With newborn screening becoming more widely adopted to detect SCID patients before they develop complications, the prognosis for SCID is expected to improve further. This chapter reviews recent advances and ongoing controversies in allogeneic and autologous HSCT for SCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B Kohn
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Pediatrics; David Geffen School of Medicine, Mattel Children's Hospital; and Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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3
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Brendel C, Goebel B, Daniela A, Brugman M, Kneissl S, Schwäble J, Kaufmann KB, Müller-Kuller U, Kunkel H, Chen-Wichmann L, Abel T, Serve H, Bystrykh L, Buchholz CJ, Grez M. CD133-targeted gene transfer into long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Ther 2014; 23:63-70. [PMID: 25189742 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy for hematological disorders relies on the genetic modification of CD34(+) cells, a heterogeneous cell population containing about 0.01% long-term repopulating cells. Here, we show that the lentiviral vector CD133-LV, which uses a surface marker on human primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as entry receptor, transfers genes preferentially into cells with high engraftment capability. Transduction of unstimulated CD34(+) cells with CD133-LV resulted in gene marking of cells with competitive proliferative advantage in vitro and in immunodeficient mice. The CD133-LV-transduced population contained significantly more cells with repopulating capacity than cells transduced with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-LV, a lentiviral vector pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. Upon transfer of a barcode library, CD133-LV-transduced cells sustained gene marking in vivo for a prolonged period of time with a 6.7-fold higher recovery of barcodes compared to transduced control cells. Moreover, CD133-LV-transduced cells were capable of repopulating secondary recipients. Lastly, we show that this targeting strategy can be used for transfer of a therapeutic gene into CD34(+) cells obtained from patients suffering of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. In conclusion, direct gene transfer into CD133(+) cells allows for sustained long-term engraftment of gene corrected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brendel
- 1] Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany [2] Current address: Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Goebel
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, JW-Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Abriss Daniela
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martijn Brugman
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion (IHB) Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Kneissl
- 1] Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany [2] Current address: Division of Haematology/Transfusion Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schwäble
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, Clinics of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Kerstin B Kaufmann
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Uta Müller-Kuller
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hana Kunkel
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Linping Chen-Wichmann
- 1] Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany [2] Current address: Experimental Cell Therapy and Hematology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapy and Haemostaseology, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Abel
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, JW-Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Leonid Bystrykh
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Christian J Buchholz
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Manuel Grez
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
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4
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Fasih A, Elbaz HA, Hüttemann M, Konski AA, Zielske SP. Radiosensitization of pancreatic cancer cells by metformin through the AMPK pathway. Radiat Res 2014; 182:50-9. [PMID: 24909911 DOI: 10.1667/rr13568.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is relatively radioresistant, however, radiotherapy has been shown to provide efficacy in the treatment of local disease. To increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer, radiosensitizing drugs are under development. In this study, we investigated the radiosensitizing activity of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. We demonstrated that metformin radiosensitized MiaPaCa-2 and Panc1 cells with radiation enhancement ratios (ER) ranging from 1.33-1.45 with metformin concentrations of 30-100 μM, and in addition, we showed that metformin sensitized cells to gemcitabine alone or in combination with radiation treatment. In addition, we found that pancreatic cancer stem cell-like cells showed enhanced radiosensitization in a tumorsphere assay with a REF of 1.66. At these radiosensitizing doses, metformin alone had low toxicity (as shown by >75% clonogenic survival) and did not affect cell cycle. The combination of metformin and radiation yielded greater numbers of γ-H2AX foci after 1 h compared to radiation alone, suggesting increased DNA damage signaling. Examination of the AMPK pathway showed that pharmacological inhibition of AMPK signaling or RNAi of AMPKα1 reversed metformin-mediated radiosensitization. These studies show that metformin radiosensitization of pancreatic cancer cells at micromolar concentration acts through AMPK and may affect DNA damage signaling. The data indicate that metformin may increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Antwih DA, Gabbara KM, Lancaster WD, Ruden DM, Zielske SP. Radiation-induced epigenetic DNA methylation modification of radiation-response pathways. Epigenetics 2013; 8:839-48. [PMID: 23880508 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation can regulate gene expression and has been shown to modulate cancer cell biology and chemotherapy resistance. Therapeutic radiation results in a biological response to counter the subsequent DNA damage and genomic stress in order to avoid cell death. In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation changes at>450,000 loci to determine a potential epigenetic response to ionizing radiation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were irradiated at 2 and 6 Gy and analyzed at 7 time points from 1-72 h. Significantly differentially methylated genes were enriched in gene ontology categories relating to cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis pathways. The degree of differential methylation of these pathways varied with radiation dose and time post-irradiation in a manner consistent with classical biological responses to radiation. A cell cycle arrest was observed 24 h post-irradiation and DNA damage, as measured by γH2AX, resolved at 24 h. In addition, cells showed low levels of apoptosis 2-48 h post-6 Gy and cellular senescence became significant at 72 h post-irradiation. These DNA methylation changes suggest an epigenetic role in the cellular response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Antwih
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute; Detroit, MI USA
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6
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Genomic editing of the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 in adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using zinc finger nucleases. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1259-69. [PMID: 23587921 PMCID: PMC3677314 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 is a validated target for HIV/AIDS therapy. The apparent elimination of HIV-1 in a patient treated with an allogeneic stem cell transplant homozygous for a naturally occurring CCR5 deletion mutation (CCR5(Δ32/Δ32)) supports the concept that a single dose of HIV-resistant hematopoietic stem cells can provide disease protection. Given the low frequency of naturally occurring CCR5(Δ32/Δ32) donors, we reasoned that engineered autologous CD34(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) could be used for AIDS therapy. We evaluated disruption of CCR5 gene expression in HSPCs isolated from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-mobilized adult blood using a recombinant adenoviral vector encoding a CCR5-specific pair of zinc finger nucleases (CCR5-ZFN). Our results demonstrate that CCR5-ZFN RNA and protein expression from the adenoviral vector is enhanced by pretreatment of HSPC with protein kinase C (PKC) activators resulting in >25% CCR5 gene disruption and that activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is responsible for this activity. Importantly, using an optimized dose of PKC activator and adenoviral vector we could generate CCR5-modified HSPCs which engraft in a humanized mouse model (albeit at a reduced level) and support multilineage differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Together, these data establish the basis for improved approaches exploiting adenoviral vector delivery in the modification of HSPCs.
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7
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Allelic exclusion and peripheral reconstitution by TCR transgenic T cells arising from transduced human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1044-54. [PMID: 23380815 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transduction and transplantation of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) with the genes for a T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes a tumor-associated antigen may lead to sustained long-term production of T cells expressing the TCR and confer specific antitumor activity. We evaluated this using a lentiviral vector (CCLc-MND-F5) carrying cDNA for a human TCR specific for an HLA-A*0201-restricted peptide of Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T cells (MART-1). CD34(+) HSPC were transduced with the F5 TCR lentiviral vector or mock transduced and transplanted into neonatal NSG mice or NSG mice transgenic for human HLA-A*0201 (NSG-A2). Human CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells expressing the human F5 TCR were present in the thymus, spleen, and peripheral blood after 4-5 months. Expression of human HLA-A*0201 in NSG-A2 recipient mice led to significantly increased numbers of human CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells expressing the F5 TCR, compared with control NSG recipients. Transduction of the human CD34(+) HSPC by the F5 TCR transgene caused a high degree of allelic exclusion, potently suppressing rearrangement of endogenous human TCR-β genes during thymopoiesis. In summary, we demonstrated the feasibility of engineering human HSPC to express a tumor-specific TCR to serve as a long-term source of tumor-targeted mature T cells for immunotherapy of melanoma.
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8
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Abstract
Cell-based therapies are fast-growing forms of personalized medicine that make use of the steady advances in stem cell manipulation and gene transfer technologies. In this Review, I highlight the latest developments and the crucial challenges for this field, with an emphasis on haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy, which is taken as a representative example given its advanced clinical translation. New technologies for gene correction and targeted integration promise to overcome some of the main hurdles that have long prevented progress in this field. As these approaches marry with our growing capacity for genetic reprogramming of mammalian cells, they may fulfil the promise of safe and effective therapies for currently untreatable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Naldini
- HSR-TIGET, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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9
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DiGiusto DL, Krishnan A, Li L, Li H, Li S, Rao A, Mi S, Yam P, Stinson S, Kalos M, Alvarnas J, Lacey SF, Yee JK, Li M, Couture L, Hsu D, Forman SJ, Rossi JJ, Zaia JA. RNA-based gene therapy for HIV with lentiviral vector-modified CD34(+) cells in patients undergoing transplantation for AIDS-related lymphoma. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2:36ra43. [PMID: 20555022 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIDS patients who develop lymphoma are often treated with transplanted hematopoietic progenitor cells. As a first step in developing a hematopoietic cell-based gene therapy treatment, four patients undergoing treatment with these transplanted cells were also given gene-modified peripheral blood-derived (CD34(+)) hematopoietic progenitor cells expressing three RNA-based anti-HIV moieties (tat/rev short hairpin RNA, TAR decoy, and CCR5 ribozyme). In vitro analysis of these gene-modified cells showed no differences in their hematopoietic potential compared with nontransduced cells. In vitro estimates of successful expression of the anti-HIV moieties were initially as high as 22% but declined to approximately 1% over 4 weeks of culture. Ethical study design required that patients be transplanted with both gene-modified and unmanipulated hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained from the patient by apheresis. Transfected cells were successfully engrafted in all four infused patients by day 11, and there were no unexpected infusion-related toxicities. Persistent vector expression in multiple cell lineages was observed at low levels for up to 24 months, as was expression of the introduced small interfering RNA and ribozyme. Therefore, we have demonstrated stable vector expression in human blood cells after transplantation of autologous gene-modified hematopoietic progenitor cells. These results support the development of an RNA-based cell therapy platform for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L DiGiusto
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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10
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Abstract
Large animal models have been instrumental in advancing hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy. Here we review the advantages of large animal models, their contributions to the field of HSC gene therapy and recent progress in this field. Several properties of human HSCs including their purification, their cell-cycle characteristics, their response to cytokines and the proliferative demands placed on them after transplantation are more similar in large animal models than in mice. Progress in the development and use of retroviral vectors and ex vivo transduction protocols over the last decade has led to efficient gene transfer in both dogs and nonhuman primates. Importantly, the approaches developed in these models have translated well to the clinic. Large animals continue to be useful to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gene therapy, and dogs with hematopoietic diseases have now been cured by HSC gene therapy. Nonhuman primates allow evaluation of aspects of transplantation as well as disease-specific approaches such as AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) gene therapy that can not be modeled well in the dog. Finally, large animal models have been used to evaluate the genotoxicity of viral vectors by comparing integration sites in hematopoietic repopulating cells and monitoring clonality after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Trobridge
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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11
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Laje P, Zoltick PW, Flake AW. SLAM-enriched hematopoietic stem cells maintain long-term repopulating capacity after lentiviral transduction using an abbreviated protocol. Gene Ther 2009; 17:412-8. [PMID: 19865179 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer to long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using integrating viral vectors is an important goal in gene therapy. The SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule)-family receptors have recently been used for the isolation of highly enriched murine HSCs. This HSC enrichment protocol is relatively simple, and results in an HSC population with comparable repopulating capacity to c-kit(+)lin(-)Sca-1(+) (KSL) HSCs. The capacity to withstand genetic manipulation and, most importantly, to maintain long-term repopulating capacity of SLAM-enriched HSC populations has not been reported. In this study, SLAM-enriched HSCs were assessed for transduction efficiency and in vivo long-term repopulating capacity after lentiviral transduction using an abbreviated transduction protocol and KSL-enriched HSCs as a reference population. SLAM- and KSL-enriched HSCs were efficiently transduced by lentiviral vector using a simple protocol that involves minimal in vitro manipulation and no pre-stimulation. SLAM-HSCs are at least equal to KSL-HSCs with respect to efficiency of transduction and maintenance of long-term repopulating capacity. Although there was a reduction in repopulating capacity related to enrichment and culture manipulations relative to freshly isolated bone marrow (BM) cells, no detrimental effects were identified on long-term competitive capacity related to transduction, as transduced cells maintained stable levels of chimerism in competition with non-transduced cells and freshly isolated BM cells. These results support the SLAM-HSC enrichment protocol as a simple and efficient method for HSC enrichment for gene transfer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Laje
- Children's Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA
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12
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Kennedy DR, McLellan K, Moore PF, Henthorn PS, Felsburg PJ. Effect of ex vivo culture of CD34+ bone marrow cells on immune reconstitution of XSCID dogs following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15:662-70. [PMID: 19450750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Successful genetic treatment of most primary immunodeficiencies or hematological disorders will require the transduction of pluripotent, self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) rather than their progeny to achieve enduring production of genetically corrected cells and durable immune reconstitution. Current ex vivo transduction protocols require manipulation of HSC by culture in cytokines for various lengths of time depending upon the retroviral vector that may force HSC to enter pathways of proliferation, and possibly differentiation, which could limit their engraftment potential, pluripotentiality and long-term repopulating capacity. We have compared the ability of normal CD34(+) cells cultured in a standard cytokine cocktail for 18hours or 4.5 days to reconstitute XSCID dogs following bone marrow transplantation in the absence of any pretransplant conditioning with that of freshly isolated CD34(+) cells. CD34(+) cells cultured under standard gamma-retroviral transduction conditions (4.5 days) showed decreased engraftment potential and ability to sustain long-term thymopoiesis. In contrast, XSCID dogs transplanted with CD34(+) cells cultured for 18hours showed a robust T cell immune reconstitution similar to dogs transplanted with freshly isolated CD34(+) cells, however, the ability to sustain long-term thymopoiesis was impaired. These results emphasize the need to determine ex vivo culture conditions that maintain both the engraftment potential and "stem cell" potential of the cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Kennedy
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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13
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Abstract
Dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, i.e., myelosuppression, can limit their effectiveness. The transfer and expression of drug-resistance genes might decrease the risks associated with acute hematopoietic toxicity. Protection of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by transfer of drug-resistance genes provides the possibility of intensification or escalation of antitumor drug doses and consequently an improved therapeutic index. This chapter reviews drug-resistance gene transfer strategies for either myeloprotection or therapeutic gene selection. Selecting candidate drug-resistance gene(s), gene transfer methodology, evaluating the safety and the efficiency of the treatment strategy, relevant in vivo models, and oncoretroviral transduction of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells under clinically applicable conditions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Budak-Alpdogan
- Department of Medicine, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johson Medical School, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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14
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Budak-Alpdogan T, Rivière I. Genetic modification of human hematopoietic cells: preclinical optimization of oncoretroviral-mediated gene transfer for clinical trials. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 506:33-58. [PMID: 19110618 PMCID: PMC4360985 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-409-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides information about the oncoretroviral transduction of human hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells under clinically applicable conditions. We describe in detail a short -60 h transduction protocol which consistently yields transduction efficiencies in the range of 30-50% with five different oncoretroviral vectors. We discuss a number of parameters that affect transduction efficiency, including the oncoretroviral vector characteristics, the vector stock collection, the source of CD34+ cells and transduction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Budak-Alpdogan
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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15
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Zielske SP, Livant DL, Lawrence TS. Radiation increases invasion of gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells into tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 75:843-53. [PMID: 18849123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells in the bone marrow that have been found to migrate to tumors, suggesting a potential use for cancer gene therapy. MSCs migrate to sites of tissue damage, including normal tissues damaged by radiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of tumor radiotherapy on the localization of lentivirus-transduced MSCs to tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS MSCs were labeled with a lipophilic dye to investigate their migration to colon cancer xenografts. Subsequently, the MSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector to model gene therapy and mark the infused MSCs. LoVo tumor xenografts were treated with increasing radiation doses to assess the effect on MSC localization, which was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MSC invasion efficiency was determined in an invasion assay. RESULTS MSCs migrated to tumor xenografts of various origins, with few cells found in normal tissues. A lentiviral vector efficiently transduced MSCs in the presence, but not the absence, of hexadimethrine bromide (Polybrene). When LoVo tumors were treated with increasing radiation doses, more MSCs were found to migrate to them than to untreated tumors. Irradiation increased MSC localization in HT-29 and MDA-MB-231, but not UMSCC1, xenografts. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression in tumors did not correlate with the basal levels of MSC infiltration; however, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was modestly elevated in irradiated tumors. Media from irradiated LoVo cells stimulated MSC invasion into basement membranes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that radiation-induced injury can be used to target MSCs to tumors, which might increase the effectiveness of MSC cancer gene therapy. The production of tumor-derived factors in response to radiation stimulates MSC invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Zielske
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 1331 E. Ann St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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16
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Production of lentiviruses displaying ''early-acting'' cytokines for selective gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2008. [PMID: 18470641 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-248-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
A major limitation of current lentiviral vectors (LVs) is their inability to govern efficient gene transfer into quiescent cells, such as human CD34+ cells that reside in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and that are highly enriched in hematopoietic stem cells. This hampers their application for gene therapy of hematopoietic cells. We describe here novel LVs that overcome this restriction by displaying early-acting cytokines on their surface. Display of thrombopoietin, stem cell factor or both cytokines on LV surface allows high transfer into quiescent cord blood CD34+ cells. Moreover, these surface-engineered LVs preferentially transduce and promote survival of resting CD34+ cells rather than cycling cells. These novel LVs allow superior gene transfer in the most immature CD34+ cells compared to conventional LVs, even in the presence of recombinant cytokines. This is demonstrated by their capacity to promote selective transduction in long-term culture initiating cell colonies (LTC-ICs) and of long-term non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) repopulating cells (SRCs). Here we describe the production of these "early acting cytokine" displaying vectors and the methodology to confirm the capacity of these vectors to promote selective transduction of HSCs.
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17
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Derdouch S, Gay W, Nègre D, Prost S, Le Dantec M, Delache B, Auregan G, Andrieu T, Leplat JJ, Cosset FL, Le Grand R. Reconstitution of the myeloid and lymphoid compartments after the transplantation of autologous and genetically modified CD34+ bone marrow cells, following gamma irradiation in cynomolgus macaques. Retrovirology 2008; 5:50. [PMID: 18565229 PMCID: PMC2464606 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-5-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged, altered hematopoietic reconstitution is commonly observed in patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning and bone marrow and/or mobilized peripheral blood-derived stem cell transplantation. We studied the reconstitution of myeloid and lymphoid compartments after the transplantation of autologous CD34+ bone marrow cells following gamma irradiation in cynomolgus macaques. Results The bone marrow cells were first transduced ex vivo with a lentiviral vector encoding eGFP, with a mean efficiency of 72% ± 4%. The vector used was derived from the simian immunodeficiency lentivirus SIVmac251, VSV-g pseudotyped and encoded eGFP under the control of the phosphoglycerate kinase promoter. After myeloid differentiation, GFP was detected in colony-forming cells (37% ± 10%). A previous study showed that transduction rates did not differ significantly between colony-forming cells and immature cells capable of initiating long-term cultures, indicating that progenitor cells and highly immature hematopoietic cells were transduced with similar efficiency. Blood cells producingeGFP were detected as early as three days after transplantation, and eGFP-producing granulocyte and mononuclear cells persisted for more than one year in the periphery. Conclusion The transplantation of CD34+ bone marrow cells had beneficial effects for the ex vivo proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors, favoring reconstitution of the T- and B-lymphocyte, thrombocyte and red blood cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Derdouch
- CEA, service d'Immuno-Virologie, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et Thérapies Innovantes, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Fontenay aux Roses, France.
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18
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Braun SE, Lu XV, Wong FE, Connole M, Qiu G, Chen Z, Slepushkina T, Slepushkin V, Humeau LM, Dropulic B, Johnson RP. Potent inhibition of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication by an SIV-based lentiviral vector expressing antisense Env. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 18:653-64. [PMID: 17600461 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of findings demonstrating that the macaque TRIM5alpha protein inhibits infection of cells by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-based lentiviral vectors may have distinct advantages over HIV-1 vectors for the transduction of macaque hematopoietic stem cells. We evaluated the ability of an SIV vector (VRX859) encoding an antisense SIV envelope sequence and enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) to inhibit viral replication and to transduce rhesus CD34(+) lymphoid progenitor cells. After infection with homologous SIV strains, CD4(+) cell lines transduced with VRX859 exhibited more than 600-fold inhibition of viral replication compared with control cells. Less inhibition was observed with the divergent SIV strain SIVsmE660. Partial inhibition of a chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus, which contains an HIV-1 envelope in an SIV backbone, was observed, suggesting that the SIV vector also contributes to viral inhibition independent of the antisense envelope inhibitor. Transduction of rhesus CD34(+) cells with VRX859 at various multiplicities of infection resulted in transduction efficiencies comparable to those obtained with the HIV vector VRX494. However, when we evaluated transduction of rhesus T lymphocyte progenitors by examining GFP expression in CD4(+) T cells derived from transduced CD34(+) cells, we observed more efficient transduction with the SIV-based vector. GFP(+)CD4(+) T cells derived from VRX859-transduced CD34(+) cells strongly inhibited SIVmac239 replication as compared with control CD4(+) T cells. The ability of this SIV-based vector to mediate potent inhibition of SIV replication, coupled with its efficient transduction of rhesus hematopoietic progenitor cells, make it an important candidate for proof-of-principle experiments of stem cell gene therapy in the SIV-macaque model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Braun
- Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772, USA.
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19
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Herzog RW, Cao O, Hagstrom JN, Wang L. Gene therapy for treatment of inherited haematological disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 6:509-22. [PMID: 16610980 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.6.5.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy, a molecular medicine based on vector-mediated transfer of therapeutic genes, holds promise for a cure of monogenetic inherited diseases. In recent years, tremendous progress has been reported in the treatment of haematological disorders: clinical trials in severe combined immune deficiencies have been successful by using retroviral vectors to express target genes in haematopoietic stem cells, which after transplantation efficiently reconstituted the immune system concomitant with substantial improvement in the clinical status of patients. Conversely, unexpected adverse events were also encountered. In other work, progress towards clinical studies on ex vivo gene transfer for Fanconi anaemia and haemoglobinopathies has been made. Each approach features a unique treatment strategy and also faces various impediments to success. In the case of the X-linked bleeding disorder haemophilia, several Phase I/II clinical trials were conducted, including in vivo administration of viral vectors to skeletal muscle and liver. Adeno-associated viral gene transfer of coagulation Factor IX has been documented in human subjects, reaching therapeutic levels after infusion into a hepatic blood vessel. However, sustained expression of therapeutic levels (as shown in large animal models of haemophilia) has not yet been achieved in humans. In general, long-term follow-up will be important for assessment of the safety of all existing gene therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland W Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Alachua, FL 32615, USA.
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20
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Chang AH, Sadelain M. The Genetic Engineering of Hematopoietic Stem Cells: the Rise of Lentiviral Vectors, the Conundrum of the LTR, and the Promise of Lineage-restricted Vectors. Mol Ther 2007; 15:445-56. [PMID: 17228317 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the integration patterns of different categories of retroviral vectors, the genotoxicity of long-terminal repeats (LTRs) and other genetic elements, the rise of lentiviral technology and the emergence of regulated vector systems providing tissue-restricted transgene expression and RNA interference, are profoundly changing the landscape of stem cell-based therapies. New developments in vector design and an increasing understanding of the mechanisms underlying insertional oncogenesis are ushering in a new phase in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engineering, thus bringing the hitherto exclusive reliance on LTR-driven, gamma-retroviral vectors to an end. Based on their ability to transduce non-dividing cells and their genomic stability, lentiviral vectors offer new prospects for the manipulation of HSCs. Tissue-specific vectors, as exemplified by globin vectors, not only provide therapeutic efficacy, but may also enhance safety, insofar that they restrict transgene expression in stem cells, progenitor cells and blood cells in all but the transcriptionally targeted lineage. This review provides a survey of these advances as well as several remaining challenges, focusing in particular on the importance of achieving adequate levels of protein expression from a limited number of vector copies per cell-ideally one to two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H Chang
- Laboratory of Gene Transfer and Gene Expression, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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21
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Hollis RP, Nightingale SJ, Wang X, Pepper KA, Yu XJ, Barsky L, Crooks GM, Kohn DB. Stable gene transfer to human CD34(+) hematopoietic cells using the Sleeping Beauty transposon. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:1333-43. [PMID: 16982326 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methods of gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells that result in stable integration may provide treatments for many inherited and acquired blood diseases. It has been demonstrated previously that a gene delivery system based on the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon can be derived where a plasmid transiently expressing the SB transposase can mediate the stable chromosomal integration of a codelivered second plasmid containing a gene expression unit flanked by the inverted repeats derived from the transposon. METHODS Plasmid DNA containing the elements required for SB transposition was delivered to hematopoietic cells via electroporation. Integrated transgene (enhanced green fluorescent protein [eGFP]) expression was assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In the K562 human hematopoietic cell line, we observed stable expression of eGFP in >60% of cells for over 2 months after electroporation of the two plasmids; in contrast, in control cells either not treated with transposase or exposed to a defective mutant transposase, the level of gene expression had fallen to near background (<0.1%) by 2 weeks. In purified human cord blood CD34(+) progenitor cells, the transposase led to stable gene transfer at levels up to 6% for over 4 weeks, but gene transfer to more primitive nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient repopulating cells or CD34(+)/CD38(-) in long-term culture was low and electroporation of the cells with plasmid DNA caused significant cell death. CONCLUSION The long-term stable expression highlights the potential of this transposase-based gene delivery method for ameliorating diseases affecting the hematopoietic system, although further improvements in gene transfer efficacy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger P Hollis
- Division of Research Immunology/Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Departments of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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22
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Budak-Alpdogan T, Przybylowski M, Gonen M, Sadelain M, Bertino J, Rivière I. Functional assessment of the engraftment potential of gammaretrovirus-modified CD34+ cells, using a short serum-free transduction protocol. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 17:780-94. [PMID: 16839276 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful transduction and engraftment of human mobilized peripheral blood (MBP) CD34(+) cells are determined to a large extent by the ex vivo cell-processing conditions. In preparation for upcoming clinical trials, we investigated essential culture parameters and devised a short and efficient gammaretroviral transduction protocol entailing minimal manipulation of MBP CD34(+) cells. The engraftment potential and in vivo transgene expression in the progeny of repopulating CD34(+) cells were measured to assess the functionality of CD34(+) cells transduced under these conditions. Using a competitive in vivo repopulation assay in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice, we demonstrate equivalent engraftment of CD34(+) cells transduced under serum-free conditions as compared with CD34(+) cells cultured with serum. We also took advantage of this in vivo model to demonstrate that ex vivo manipulation of CD34(+) cells can be shortened to 60 hr, using 36 hr of prestimulation and two cycles of transduction 12 hr apart. These minimally manipulated CD34(+) cells engraft in a manner similar to cells transduced under longer protocols and the vector-encoded transgene is expressed at the same frequency in cells derived from repopulating CD34(+) cells in vivo. We have thus developed a short and efficient human MBP CD34(+) transduction protocol under serum-free conditions that is suitable and broadly applicable for phase I clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Budak-Alpdogan
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, 08903, USA
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23
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Budak-Alpdogan T, Przybylowski M, Gonen M, Sadelain M, Bertino J, Riviere I. Functional Assessment of the Engraftment Potential of Gammaretrovirus-Modified CD34+ Cells, Using a Short Serum-Free Transduction Protocol. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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24
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Verhoeyen E, Wiznerowicz M, Olivier D, Izac B, Trono D, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A, Cosset FL. Novel lentiviral vectors displaying “early-acting cytokines” selectively promote survival and transduction of NOD/SCID repopulating human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2005; 106:3386-95. [PMID: 16076865 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA major limitation of current lentiviral vectors (LVs) is their inability to govern efficient gene transfer into quiescent cells, such as human CD34+ cells, that reside in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and that are highly enriched in hematopoietic stem cells. This hampers their application for gene therapy of hematopoietic cells. Here, we designed novel LVs that overcome this restriction by displaying “early-acting cytokines” on their surface. Display of thrombopoietin, stem cell factor, or both cytokines on the LV surface allowed efficient gene delivery into quiescent cord blood CD34+ cells. Moreover, these surface-engineered LVs preferentially transduced and promoted survival of resting CD34+ cells rather than cycling cells. Finally, and most importantly, these novel LVs allowed superior gene transfer in the most immature CD34+ cells as compared to conventional LVs, even when the latter vectors were used to transduce cells in the presence of recombinant cytokines. This was demonstrated by their capacity to promote selective transduction of CD34+ cell in in vitro derived long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) colonies and of long-term NOD/SCID repopulating cells (SRCs) in vivo.
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25
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Miyake N, Brun ACM, Magnusson M, Miyake K, Scadden DT, Karlsson S. HOXB4-induced self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells is significantly enhanced by p21 deficiency. Stem Cells 2005; 24:653-61. [PMID: 16210402 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enforced expression of the HOXB4 transcription factor and downregulation of p21(Cip1/Waf) (p21) can each independently increase proliferation of murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We asked whether the increase in HSC self-renewal generated by overexpression of HOXB4 is enhanced in p21-deficient HSCs. HOXB4 was overexpressed in hematopoietic cells from wild-type (wt) and p21-/- mice. Bone marrow (BM) cells were transduced with a retroviral vector expressing HOXB4 together with GFP (MIGB4), or a control vector containing GFP alone (MIG) and maintained in liquid culture for up to 11 days. At day 11 of the expansion culture, the number of primary CFU-GM (colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage) colonies and the repopulating ability were significantly increased in MIGB4 p21-/- BM (p21B4) cells compared with MIGB4-transduced wt BM (wtB4) cells. To test proliferation of HSCs in vivo, we performed competitive repopulation experiments and obtained significantly higher long-term engraftment of expanded p21B4 cells compared with wtB4 cells. The 5-day expansion of p21B4 HSCs generated 100-fold higher numbers of competitive repopulating units compared with wtMIG and threefold higher numbers compared with wtB4. The findings demonstrate that increased expression of HOXB4, in combination with suppression of p21 expression, could be a useful strategy for effective and robust expansion of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Miyake
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University Hospital, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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26
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Braun SE, Wong FE, Connole M, Qiu G, Lee L, Gillis J, Lu X, Humeau L, Slepushkin V, Binder GK, Dropulic B, Johnson RP. Inhibition of simian/human immunodeficiency virus replication in CD4+ T cells derived from lentiviral-transduced CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Mol Ther 2005; 12:1157-67. [PMID: 16168713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.07.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2004] [Revised: 07/10/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the ability of a HIV-1-based vector (VRX494) encoding a 937-bp antisense HIV-1 envelope sequence to inhibit the replication of chimeric SIV/HIV-1 viruses encoding the HIV-1 envelope. Challenge of VRX494-transduced CEMx174 cells resulted in potent inhibition of HIV-1 and several SHIV strains. To evaluate the potential efficacy of the VRX494 vector for stem cell gene therapy, rhesus CD34(+) bone marrow cells were transduced with VRX494 and then cultured on thymus stroma to induce T cell differentiation. Transduction conditions for CD34(+) cells were optimized to yield high transduction efficiency with minimal effective multiplicity of infection. Purified CD4(+) GFP(+) T cells derived from VRX494-transduced CD34(+) cells strongly inhibited SHIV HXBC2P 3.2 and SHIV 89.6P replication compared to controls. Southern blot analysis of VRX494-transduced T cell clones revealed a subset of cells with multiple proviral copies per cell. Expression of GFP and the antisense inhibitor in VRX494-transduced cells was upregulated by Tat. Analysis of HIV-1 envelope sequences in VRX494-transduced cells revealed modifications consistent with those mediated by double-stranded RNA-dependent adenosine deaminase. These results indicate that the macaque/SHIV model should serve as a useful preclinical model to evaluate this lentiviral vector expressing an HIV-1 antisense inhibitor for stem cell gene therapy for AIDS.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Blotting, Southern
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Products, env/metabolism
- Gene Products, rev/metabolism
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HIV-1/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/virology
- Humans
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Macaca mulatta
- Models, Genetic
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/chemistry
- RNA/chemistry
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Virus Replication
- rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Braun
- Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, One Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA 01772, USA
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27
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Liu B, Daviau J, Nichols CN, Strayer DS. In vivo gene transfer into rat bone marrow progenitor cells using rSV40 viral vectors. Blood 2005; 106:2655-62. [PMID: 15994284 PMCID: PMC1895314 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-01-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene transfer has been attempted almost entirely ex vivo and has been limited by cytokine-induced loss of self-renewal capacity and transplantation-related defects in homing and engraftment. Here, we attempted to circumvent such limitations by injecting vectors directly into the bone marrow (BM) to transduce HSCs in their native environment. Simian virus 40 (SV40)-derived gene delivery vectors were used because they transduce resting CD34+ cells very efficiently. Rats received SV-(Nef-FLAG), carrying FLAG marker epitope--or a control recombinant SV40 (rSV40)--directly into both femoral marrow cavities. Intracellular transgene expression by peripheral blood (PB) or BM cells was detected by cytofluorimetry. An average of 5.3% PB leukocytes expressed FLAG for the entire study--56 weeks. Transgene expression was sustained in multiple cell lineages, including granulocytes (average, 3.3% of leukocytes, 20.4% of granulocytes), CD3+ T lymphocytes (average, 0.53% of leukocytes, 1% of total T cells), and CD45R+ B lymphocytes, indicating gene transfer to long-lived progenitor cells with multilineage capacity. An average of 15% of femoral marrow cells expressed FLAG up to 16.5 months after transduction. Thus, direct intramarrow administration of rSV40s yields efficient gene transfer to rat BM progenitor cells and may be worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jefferson Medical College, 1020 Locust St, Rm 251, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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28
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Zhang JL, Cai J, Jackson JD, Kuszynski CA, Walls S, McIvor RS, Fox IJ. Long-term transgene expression and survival of transgene-expressing grafts following lentivirus transduction of bone marrow side population cells. Transplantation 2005; 79:882-8. [PMID: 15849539 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000148915.65427.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful transduction of hematopoietic stem cells is essential if gene therapy is to be used clinically to induce immunologic tolerance. METHODS Hoechst 33342 staining was used to isolate a population of bone marrow cells enriched for stem cells, termed side population (SP) cells. Murine bone marrow SP cells were transduced with HLA-A2.1-expressing VSV-G-pseudotyped lentivirus or retrovirus vectors under identical conditions. RESULTS After transduction without prestimulating cytokines, which minimizes cell cycling and helps maintain stem cell pluripotency, the HLA-A2.1 gene was found in the DNA of 56% of CFU-GM colonies derived from lentivirus-transduced SP cells, but in only 4% of colonies derived from retrovirus-transduced SP cells. Lentivirus and retrovirus transduction including cytokine prestimulation produced the same degree of integration as that following lentivirus-transduction of non-prestimulated cells. Transplantation of 5,000 lentivirus-transduced SP cells into lethally irradiated mice resulted in long-term expression of the HLA-A2.1 transgene in peripheral blood progeny of bone marrow SP cells and prolonged skin graft survival across this class I MHC barrier until the time of animal sacrifice. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant lentivirus, but not retrovirus vectors, effectively transduced SP cells that were not prestimulated with cytokines and lentivirus-transduced SP cells successfully repopulated lethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice, animals where there is no selective advantage to repopulation with transduced cells. Transplantation of a relatively small number of transduced SP cells led to prolonged transgene mRNA expression and antigen-specific survival of grafts expressing the foreign MHC transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-lin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3285, USA
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29
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Imren S, Fabry ME, Westerman KA, Pawliuk R, Tang P, Rosten PM, Nagel RL, Leboulch P, Eaves CJ, Humphries RK. High-level beta-globin expression and preferred intragenic integration after lentiviral transduction of human cord blood stem cells. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:953-62. [PMID: 15467834 PMCID: PMC518665 DOI: 10.1172/jci21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of genetically corrected autologous hematopoietic stem cells is an attractive approach for the cure of sickle-cell disease and beta-thalassemia. Here, we infected human cord blood cells with a self-inactivating lentiviral vector encoding an anti-sickling betaA-T87Q-globin transgene and analyzed the transduced progeny produced over a 6-month period after transplantation of the infected cells directly into sublethally irradiated NOD/LtSz-scid/scid mice. Approximately half of the human erythroid and myeloid progenitors regenerated in the mice containing the transgene, and erythroid cells derived in vitro from these in vivo-regenerated cells produced high levels of betaA-T87Q-globin protein. Linker-mediated PCR analysis identified multiple transgene-positive clones in all mice analyzed with 2.1 +/- 0.1 integrated proviral copies per cell. Genomic sequencing of vector-containing fragments showed that 86% of the proviral inserts had occurred within genes, including several genes implicated in human leukemia. These findings indicate effective transduction of very primitive human cord blood cells with a candidate therapeutic lentiviral vector resulting in the long-term and robust, erythroid-specific production of therapeutically relevant levels of beta-globin protein. However, the frequency of proviral integration within genes that regulate hematopoiesis points to a need for additional safety modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Imren
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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30
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Imren S, Fabry ME, Westerman KA, Pawliuk R, Tang P, Rosten PM, Nagel RL, Leboulch P, Eaves CJ, Humphries RK. High-level β-globin expression and preferred intragenic integration after lentiviral transduction of human cord blood stem cells. J Clin Invest 2004. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200421838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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31
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Zielske SP, Braun SE. Cytokines: Value-Added Products in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy. Mol Ther 2004; 10:211-9. [PMID: 15294167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Zielske
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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32
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Kurre P, Anandakumar P, Harkey MA, Thomasson B, Kiem HP. Efficient Marking of Murine Long-Term Repopulating Stem Cells Targeting Unseparated Marrow Cells at Low Lentiviral Vector Particle Concentration. Mol Ther 2004; 9:914-22. [PMID: 15194058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 03/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1-derived lentivirus vectors offer unique biological properties for gene delivery to hematopoietic stem cells and, when used at high multiplicities of infection (m.o.i.), permit efficient gene transfer after minimal target cell stimulation. However, such a strategy has been shown to promote multicopy proviral integration, potentially increasing the risk of insertional mutagenesis. To minimize cell manipulation, we targeted unseparated marrow and demonstrated that transduction at an m.o.i. of 1 resulted in up to 12% vector-modified peripheral blood leukocytes and successful repopulation of secondary recipients with vector-marked cells. Real-time PCR showed on average 1.8 proviral integrants per GFP-marked cell. By comparison, a cohort of animals transplanted with cells transduced at m.o.i. of 10 under otherwise unchanged conditions showed up to 45% marking with an average of 7 copies per GFP-expressing cell. Both m.o.i. groups demonstrated sustained proviral expression with stable GFP fluorescence intensity. In summary, we have identified conditions for lentiviral gene transfer involving minimal ex vivo target cell manipulation and have shown that the m.o.i. is a critical determinant of proviral copy number in lentivirus-transduced murine long-term repopulating cells. Thus, gene transfer efficiencies may be limited when single-copy integration is desired and additional strategies such as in vivo selection may be required to improve the frequency of gene-modified cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kurre
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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33
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Zielske SP, Reese JS, Lingas KT, Donze JR, Gerson SL. In vivo selection of MGMT(P140K) lentivirus-transduced human NOD/SCID repopulating cells without pretransplant irradiation conditioning. J Clin Invest 2004; 112:1561-70. [PMID: 14617757 PMCID: PMC259124 DOI: 10.1172/jci17922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infusion of transduced hematopoietic stem cells into nonmyeloablated hosts results in ineffective in vivo levels of transduced cells. To increase the proportion of transduced cells in vivo, selection based on P140K O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT[P140K]) gene transduction and O6-benzylguanine/1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BG/BCNU) treatment has been devised. In this study, we transduced human NOD/SCID repopulating cells (SRCs) with MGMT(P140K) using a lentiviral vector and infused them into BG/BCNU-conditioned NOD/SCID mice before rounds of BG/BCNU treatment as a model for in vivo selection. Engraftment was not observed until the second round of BG/BCNU treatment, at which time human cells emerged to compose up to 20% of the bone marrow. Furthermore, 99% of human CFCs derived from NOD/SCID mice were positive for provirus as measured by PCR, compared with 35% before transplant and 11% in untreated irradiation-preconditioned mice, demonstrating selection. Bone marrow showed BG-resistant O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (AGT) activity, and CFUs were stained intensely for AGT protein, indicating high transgene expression. Real-time PCR estimates of the number of proviral insertions in individual CFUs ranged from 3 to 22. Selection resulted in expansion of one or more SRC clones containing similar numbers of proviral copies per mouse. To our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence of potent in vivo selection of MGMT(P140K) lentivirus-transduced human SRCs following BG/BCNU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Zielske
- Molecular Virology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Zielske SP, Reese JS, Lingas KT, Donze JR, Gerson SL. In vivo selection of MGMT(P140K) lentivirus–transduced human NOD/SCID repopulating cells without pretransplant irradiation conditioning. J Clin Invest 2003. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200317922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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