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Salazar Marcano DE, Savić ND, Declerck K, Abdelhameed SAM, Parac-Vogt TN. Reactivity of metal-oxo clusters towards biomolecules: from discrete polyoxometalates to metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:84-136. [PMID: 38015569 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-oxo clusters hold great potential in several fields such as catalysis, materials science, energy storage, medicine, and biotechnology. These nanoclusters of transition metals with oxygen-based ligands have also shown promising reactivity towards several classes of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides, sugars, and lipids. This reactivity can be leveraged to address some of the most pressing challenges we face today, from fighting various diseases, such as cancer and viral infections, to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources. For instance, metal-oxo clusters and related materials have been shown to be effective catalysts for biomass conversion into renewable fuels and platform chemicals. Furthermore, their reactivity towards biomolecules has also attracted interest in the development of inorganic drugs and bioanalytical tools. Additionally, the structural versatility of metal-oxo clusters allows for the efficiency and selectivity of the biomolecular reactions they promote to be readily tuned, thereby providing a pathway towards reaction optimization. The properties of the catalyst can also be improved through incorporation into solid supports or by linking metal-oxo clusters together to form Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which have been demonstrated to be powerful heterogeneous catalysts. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the state of the art on biomolecular transformations promoted by metal-oxo clusters and their applications, with a particular focus on structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada D Savić
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kilian Declerck
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Černocká H, Římánková L, Ostatná V. Fetuin and asialofetuin at charged surfaces: Influence of sialic acid presence. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Van Rompuy LS, Moons J, Aelbers J, Struyf T, Van den Ende W, Parac‐Vogt TN. Selective Hydrolysis of Terminal Glycosidic Bond in α‐1‐Acid Glycoprotein Promoted by Keggin and Wells–Dawson Type Heteropolyacids. Chemistry 2020; 26:16463-16471. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Moons
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jo Aelbers
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Tom Struyf
- Department of Biology Molecular Plant Biology KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Department of Biology Molecular Plant Biology KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 3001 Leuven Belgium
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Yang H, Lu L, Chen X. An overview and future prospects of sialic acids. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 46:107678. [PMID: 33285252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are negatively charged functional monosaccharides present in a wide variety of natural sources (plants, animals and microorganisms). Sias play an important role in many life processes, which are widely applied in the medical and food industries as intestinal antibacterials, antivirals, anti-oxidative agents, food ingredients, and detoxification agents. Most Sias are composed of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, >99%), and Sia is its most commonly used name. In this article, we review Sias in terms of their structures, applications, determination methods, metabolism, and production strategies. In particular, we summarise and compare different production strategies, including extraction from natural sources, chemical synthesis, polymer decomposition, enzymatic synthesis, whole-cell catalysis, and de novo biosynthesis via microorganism fermentation. We also discuss research on their physiological functions and applications, barriers to efficient production, and strategies for overcoming these challenges. We focus on efficient de novo biosynthesis strategies for Neu5Ac via microbial fermentation using novel synthetic biology tools and methods that may be applied in future. This work provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances on Sias, and addresses future challenges regarding their functions, applications, and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liping Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Kang DG, Kim CS, Cha HJ. Coexpression of CMP-sialic acid transporter reduces N-glycolylneuraminic acid levels of recombinant glycoproteins in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2815-2822. [PMID: 31317538 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant glycoproteins expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells contain two forms of sialic acids; N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) as a major type and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) as a minor type. The Neu5Gc glycan moieties in therapeutic glycoproteins can elicit immune responses because they do not exist in human. In the present work, to reduce Neu5Gc levels of recombinant glycoproteins from CHO cell cultures, we coexpressed cytidine-5'-monophosphate-sialic acid transporter (CMP-SAT) that is an antiporter and transports cytosolic CMP-sialic acids (both forms) into Golgi lumen. When human erythropoietin was used as a target human glycoprotein, coexpression of CMP-SAT resulted in a significant decrease of Neu5Gc level by 41.4% and a notable increase of Neu5Ac level by 21.2%. This result could be reasonably explained by our hypothesis that the turnover rate of Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc catalyzed by CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase would be reduced through facilitated transportation of Neu5Ac into Golgi apparatus by coexpression of CMP-SAT. We confirmed the effects of CMP-SAT coexpression on the decrease of Neu5Gc level and the increase of Neu5Ac level using another glycoprotein human DNase I. Therefore, CMP-SAT coexpression might be an effective strategy to reduce the levels of undesired Neu5Gc in recombinant therapeutic glycoproteins from CHO cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gyun Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Chang Sup Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
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6
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lee M, Palanisamy S, Zhou BH, Wang LY, Chen CY, Lee CY, Yuan SSF, Wang YM. Ultrasensitive Electrical Detection of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Using a Functionalized Silicon Nanowire Transistor Chemosensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36120-36127. [PMID: 30256613 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone that belongs to a family of glycoprotein hormones. Determination of FSH can help in interpreting various factors that include physiology of the reproductive system, fertility maintenance, and identification or treatment of reproductive disorders. Sialic acids are derivatives of neuraminic acids with negative charges, present at the end of the sugar chains and further linked to the cell surfaces and glycoproteins. The direct measurement of FSH in a human body can be recorded by developing a sensor probe that responds particularly to sialic acids over the other hormones. However, existing diagnostic methods still suffer from many difficulties in terms of complicated handling techniques, expensive instrumentation, etc. Development of accurate, rapid, and low-cost FSH detection chemosensors is important to meet these demands. Herein, we utilized a novel sensing method for accurate and fast FSH detection using a metal-oxide semiconductor silicon nanowire field effect transistor (SiNW-FET) device. This is the first report to demonstrate the boronic acid-functionalized SiNW-FET device in FSH detection. FSH detection has been successfully determined using an assay buffer solution with 0.72 fM detection limit as well as using 20% serum with 1.1. fM detection limit. We also investigated the specificity with other gonadotropins/glycosylated serum proteins. The current measurements on FSH concentrations at different time intervals were also studied. The sensitive, cheap, and miniaturized SiNW-FET device can serve as an effective sensing approach for rapid screening of FSH and menopause diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mucian Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) , National Chiao Tung University , 75 Bo-Ai Street , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Sathyadevi Palanisamy
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) , National Chiao Tung University , 75 Bo-Ai Street , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Bin-Hou Zhou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) , National Chiao Tung University , 75 Bo-Ai Street , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) , National Chiao Tung University , 75 Bo-Ai Street , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging , Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung 807 , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | | | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) , National Chiao Tung University , 75 Bo-Ai Street , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
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8
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Qiu X, Xu XY, Chen X, Wu Y, Guo H. Preparation of a molecularly imprinted sensor based on quartz crystal microbalance for specific recognition of sialic acid in human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4387-4395. [PMID: 29736700 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel molecularly imprinted quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor was successfully prepared for selective determination of sialic acid (SA) in human urine samples. To obtain the QCM sensor, we first modified the gold surface of the QCM chip by self-assembling of allylmercaptane to introduce polymerizable double bonds on the chip surface. Then, SA molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanofilm was attached to the modified QCM chip surface. For comparison, we have also characterized the nonmodified and improved surfaces of the QCM sensor by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We then tested the selectivity and detection limit of the imprinted QCM sensor via a series of adsorption experiments. The results show a linear response in the range of 0.025-0.50 μmol L-1 for sialic acid. Moreover, the limit of detection (LOD) of the prepared imprinted QCM sensor was found to be 1.0 nmol L-1 for sialic acid, and high recovery values range from 87.6 to 108.5% with RSD < 8.7 (n = 5) for the spiked urine sample obtained. Overall, this work presents how a novel QCM sensor was developed and used to detect sialic acid in human urine samples. Graphical abstract Specific recognition of sialic acid by the MIP-QCM sensor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xian-Yan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuncai Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yiyong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, Guangdong, China
| | - Huishi Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Wang Y, Kong J, Chen Z, Luo D, Ye J, Chu Q. Determination of Major Sialic Acids in Dairy Products by Electrophoretic Stacking Technology with Contactless Conductivity Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Cao C, Wang WJ, Huang YY, Yao HL, Conway LP, Liu L, Voglmeir J. Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28745640 DOI: 10.3791/56030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CMAH (cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase) is responsible for the oxidation of cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acids in mammals. However, humans cannot oxidize cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid to cytidine monophosphate-N-glycolylneuraminic acid due to a primary exon deletion of the CMAH gene. To understand the effects and implications of the lack of CMAH activity in more detail, a Cmah knock-out model in mice is of keen interest in basic and applied research. The analysis method to determine the phenotype of this mouse model is herein described in detail, and is based on the detection of both N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycolylenuraminic acid in the liver and milk of wild-type and Cmah knock-out mice. Endogenous sialic acids are released and derivatized with o-phenylenediamine to generate fluorogenic derivatives, which can be subsequently analyzed by HPLC. The presented protocol can be also applied for the analysis of milk and tissue samples from various other origins, and may be of use to investigate the nutritional and health effects of N-glycolylneuraminic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Cao
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University
| | - Wen J Wang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University
| | - Ying Y Huang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University
| | - Hong L Yao
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University
| | - Louis P Conway
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University;
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University;
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11
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Van Rompuy LS, Parac-Vogt TN. Polyoxometalates as sialidase mimics: selective and non-destructive removal of sialic acid from a glycoprotein promoted by phosphotungstic acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10600-10603. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05888h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The selective hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond between the terminal sialic acid and the penultimate sugar has been achieved in the alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (Fetuin-A) in the presence of H3PW12O40, a Keggin type polyoxometalate.
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12
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Zheng Y, Wang T, Kong J, Ma Y, Heng Y, Ren Y, Ye J, Chu Q. Electrochemical Determination of SalivaryN-Acetylneuraminic Acid by Miniaturized Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Sample Stacking. CHINESE J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Quantification of sialic acids in red meat by UPLC-FLD using indoxylsialosides as internal standards. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:219-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Qu F, Xia L, Wu C, Liu L, Li G, You J. Sensitive and accurate determination of sialic acids in serum with the aid of dispersive solid-phase extraction using the zirconium-based MOF of UiO-66-NH2 as sorbent. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An zirconium-based MOFs of UiO-66-NH2 has been synthetized and characterized in a dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure combined with HPLC with fluorescence detection for the pre-concentration and detection of sialic acids in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Qu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- College of Chemistry Science
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- PR China
| | - Lian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- College of Chemistry Science
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- PR China
| | - Chuanxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- College of Chemistry Science
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- PR China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- College of Chemistry Science
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- PR China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- College of Chemistry Science
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- PR China
| | - Jinmao You
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province
- College of Chemistry Science
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- PR China
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15
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Goto D, Ouchi K, Shibukawa M, Saito S. Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis for Selective Control of Electrophoretic Mobility of Sialic Acid Using Lanthanide-Hexadentate Macrocyclic Polyazacarboxylate Complexes. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:1143-9. [PMID: 26561258 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to control the electrophoretic mobility in order to obtain high resolution among saccharides in complex samples. We report herein on a new affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) method for an anionic monosaccharide, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), which is important in terms of pathological diagnosis, using lanthanide-hexadentate macrocyclic polyazacarboxylate complexes (Ln-NOTA) as affinity reagents. It was shown that Ln-NOTA complexes increased the anionic mobility of Neu5Ac by approximately 40% through selective complexation with Neu5Ac. The extent of change in the mobility strongly depended on the type of central metal ion of Ln-NOTA. The stability constant (K) of Lu-NOTA with Neu5Ac was determined by ACE to be log Kb = 3.62 ± 0.04, which is the highest value among artificial receptors for Neu5Ac reported so far. Using this ACE, the Neu5Ac content in a glycoprotein sample, α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), was determined after acid hydrolysis. Complete separation between Neu5Ac and hydrolysis products was successful by controlling the mobility to determine the concentration of Neu5Ac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Goto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
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16
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Li C, Liu L, Xie H, Liu N. Determining Neu5Ac in infant formula with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Key Lab of Dairy Science; Ministry of Education; College of Food Sciences; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin China 150030
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Lab of Dairy Science; Ministry of Education; College of Food Sciences; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin China 150030
| | - Honglei Xie
- Key Lab of Dairy Science; Ministry of Education; College of Food Sciences; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin China 150030
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Lab of Dairy Science; Ministry of Education; College of Food Sciences; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin China 150030
- National Dairy Engineering & Technical Research Center; Heilongjiang Dairy Industry Technical Development Center; Harbin China 150086
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17
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Bacteriophage 933W encodes a functional esterase downstream of the Shiga toxin 2a operon. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:269-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Priego-Capote F, Orozco-Solano MI, Calderón-Santiago M, Luque de Castro MD. Quantitative determination and confirmatory analysis of N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycolylneuraminic acids in serum and urine by solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1346:88-96. [PMID: 24800968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-acetylglycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), two acylated derivatives of 9-C carboxylated monosaccharides, are involved in a number of biological processes as modulators of glycoconjugates. A partially automated method is here presented for determination of these sialic acids in the two most important biofluids for clinical analysis: serum and urine. For this purpose, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) workstation was on-line connected to an LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole mass detector. Hydrolysis to release sialic acids bound to glycoconjugates and derivatization were the two steps implemented as sample preparation prior to SPE-LC-MS/MS analysis. Following thorough optimization of the SPE and LC-MS/MS conditions, the analytical method was validated using the standard addition approach to assess the presence of matrix effects. The proposed method affords detection limits of 0.03ng/mL and 0.04ng/mL for Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, respectively. The precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) was 1.7 and 4.6% for within-day variability, and 4.8 and 7.2% for between-days variability. Accuracy, estimated using spiked (between 1 and 50ng/mL) and non-spiked samples of both biofluids, ranged from 95.2 to 99.6%. The method was applied to human serum and urine of healthy volunteers, thus showing its suitability for application in both clinical and research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain.
| | - M I Orozco-Solano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - M Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - M D Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
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Alves ADA, Belian MF, Lavorante AF. Luminescent solid phase for sialic acid determination: a promising sensor for milk-adulterated samples. LUMINESCENCE 2014; 29:779-83. [PMID: 24425363 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic study of silica modified with thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (SilTTA) and coordinated to an europium (III) ion, for the determination of sialic acid (NANA). Elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy suggest silica functionalization, as well as coordination of beta-diketone to the lanthanide ion. The emission spectra of compound-free and coordinated Eu-SilTTA to NANA showed significant changes with respect to the maximum emission and spectral profile, suggesting that the NANA ion is coordinated to the Eu(III). The values of the phenomenological intensity parameters show an increase in polarizability around the Eu(III) in the case of Eu-SilTTA coordinated to NANA, as expected, since water molecules are less polarizable than sialic acid. The results of the batch assay showed that luminescent silica can be used for sialic acid determination in milk-adulterated samples, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992; and a detection limit of 0.4 mg/L; relative standard deviation (RSD%) = 0.0028.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de A Alves
- Departamento de Ciências Moleculares, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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İzzetoğlu S, Şahar U, Şener E, Deveci R. Determination of sialic acids in immune system cells (coelomocytes) of sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, using capillary LC-ESI-MS/MS. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:181-6. [PMID: 24215912 PMCID: PMC7111654 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coelomocytes are considered to be immune effectors of sea urchins. Coelomocytes are the freely circulating cells in the body fluid contained in echinoderm coelom and mediate the cellular defence responses to immune challenges by phagocytosis, encapsulation, cytotoxicity and the production of antimicrobial agents. Coelomocytes have the ability to recognize self from non-self. Considering that sialic acids play important roles in immunity, we determined the presence of sialic acid types in coelomocytes of Paracentrotus lividus. Homogenized coelomocytes were kept in 2 M aqueous acetic acid at 80 °C for 3 h to liberate sialic acids. Sialic acids were determined by derivatization with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenediaoxy-benzene dihydrochloride (DMB) followed by capillary liquid-chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (CapLC-ESI-MS/MS). Standard sialic acids; Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc, KDN and bovine submaxillary mucin showing a variety of sialic acids were used to confirm sialic acids types. We found ten different types of sialic acids (Neu5Gc, Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc9Ac, Neu5Gc8Ac, Neu5,9Ac2, Neu5,7Ac2, Neu5,8Ac2, Neu5,7,9Ac3, Neu5Gc7,9Ac2, Neu5Gc7Ac) isolated in limited amounts from total coelomocyte population. Neu5Gc type of sialic acids in coelomocytes was the most abundant type sialic acid when compared with other types. This is the first report on the presence of sialic acid types in coelomocytes of P. lividus using CapLC-ESI-MS/MS-Ion Trap system (Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization/Tandem Mass Spectrometry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savaş İzzetoğlu
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Biology, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Umut Şahar
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Biology, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ecem Şener
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Biology, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Remziye Deveci
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Biology, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
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21
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Bhagavat R, Chandra N. Common recognition principles across diverse sequence and structural families of sialic acid binding proteins. Glycobiology 2013; 24:5-16. [PMID: 24043392 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids form a large family of 9-carbon monosaccharides and are integral components of glycoconjugates. They are known to bind to a wide range of receptors belonging to diverse sequence families and fold classes and are key mediators in a plethora of cellular processes. Thus, it is of great interest to understand the features that give rise to such a recognition capability. Structural analyses using a non-redundant data set of known sialic acid binding proteins was carried out, which included exhaustive binding site comparisons and site alignments using in-house algorithms, followed by clustering and tree computation, which has led to derivation of sialic acid recognition principles. Although the proteins in the data set belong to several sequence and structure families, their binding sites could be grouped into only six types. Structural comparison of the binding sites indicates that all sites contain one or more different combinations of key structural features over a common scaffold. The six binding site types thus serve as structural motifs for recognizing sialic acid. Scanning the motifs against a non-redundant set of binding sites from PDB indicated the motifs to be specific for sialic acid recognition. Knowledge of determinants obtained from this study will be useful for detecting function in unknown proteins. As an example analysis, a genome-wide scan for the motifs in structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome identified 17 hits that contain combinations of the features, suggesting a possible function of sialic acid binding by these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Bhagavat
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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22
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The combined effect of sodium butyrate and low culture temperature on the production, sialylation, and biological activity of an antibody produced in CHO cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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23
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Spichtig V, Michaud J, Austin S. Determination of sialic acids in milks and milk-based products. Anal Biochem 2010; 405:28-40. [PMID: 20553868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are becoming recognized as important components of milk-based products for infants and young children. As such, many companies now label the sialic acid content of their products. To control the labeling, suitable methods are required for this analysis. The objective of this work was to set up a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of the two most commonly occurring sialic acids, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The sialic acids were released from their parent oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, or glycolipids by mild acid hydrolysis using formic acid. They were then derivatized using 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) and subsequently separated on a Zorbax SB-Aq Rapid Resolution column in less than 2 min. The method developed was validated on various milk-based products and ingredients containing sialic acid at levels from 0.3 to 900 mg/100 g. Spiking experiments indicate that the sialic acid recoveries ranged from 87% to 108%. The expanded measurement uncertainty was typically below 15% for Neu5Gc and typically below 10% for Neu5Ac or the sum of the sialic acids, with a few exceptions. The proposed method is fast, specific, and easy to set up for compliance analysis in a routine laboratory.
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24
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Fernando SF, Woonton BW. Quantitation of N-acetylneuraminic (sialic) acid in bovine glycomacropeptide (GMP). J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Sørensen LK. Determination of sialic acids in infant formula by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:1208-12. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Borys MC, Dalal NG, Abu-Absi NR, Khattak SF, Jing Y, Xing Z, Li ZJ. Effects of culture conditions onN-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content of a recombinant fusion protein produced in CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 105:1048-57. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Determination of sialic acid and gangliosides in biological samples and dairy products: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:346-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Chang JJ, Lin PJ, Yang MC, Chien CT. Removal of lipopolysaccharide and reactive oxygen species using sialic acid immobilized polysulfone dialyzer. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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TANG KT, LIANG LN, CAI YQ, MOU SF. Determination of Sialic Acid in Milk and Products Using High Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography Coupled with Pulsed Amperometric Detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(09)60005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Allevi P, Femia EA, Costa ML, Cazzola R, Anastasia M. Quantification of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acids by a stable isotope dilution assay using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1212:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Ortner K, Buchberger W. Determination of sialic acids released from glycoproteins using capillary zone electrophoresis/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2233-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Colombo R, Anastasia M, Rota P, Allevi P. The first synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid 1,7-lactone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5517-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b810447f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylneuraminic acid is transformed into its until now unavailable and rather unwieldy 1,7-lactone, via the manageable 2-benzyloxycarbonyl N-acetylneuraminic acid 1,7-lactone which generates the free lactone in quantitative yield by hydrogenolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Colombo
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology for the Medicine
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Mario Anastasia
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology for the Medicine
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Paola Rota
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology for the Medicine
- Milano
- Italy
| | - Pietro Allevi
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology for the Medicine
- Milano
- Italy
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33
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Sanz ML, Martínez-Castro I. Recent developments in sample preparation for chromatographic analysis of carbohydrates. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1153:74-89. [PMID: 17257608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a very important group of compounds due to their roles as structural materials, sources of energy, biological functions and environmental analytes; they are characterized by their structural diversity and the high number of isomers they present. While many advances have been made in carbohydrate analysis, the sample preparation remains difficult. This review aims to summarize the most important treatments which have been recently developed to be applied prior to the analysis of carbohydrates by chromatographic techniques. Due to the multiplicity of structures and matrices, many different techniques are required for clean-up, fractionation and derivatization. A number of new techniques which could be potentially adequate for carbohydrate characterization have also been revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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34
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Hashii N, Kawasaki N, Nakajima Y, Toyoda M, Katagiri Y, Itoh S, Harazono A, Umezawa A, Yamaguchi T. Study on the quality control of cell therapy products. Determination of N-glycolylneuraminic acid incorporated into human cells by nano-flow liquid chromatography/Fourier transformation ion cyclotron mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1160:263-9. [PMID: 17570377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), an acidic nine-carbon sugar, is produced in several animals, such as cattle and mice. Since human cells cannot synthesize NeuGc, it is considered to be immunogenic in humans. Recently, NeuGc contamination was reported in human embryonic stem cells cultured with xenogeneic serum and cells, suggesting that possibly NeuGc may harm the efficacy and safety of cell therapy products. Sialic acids have been determined by derivatization with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS); however, the limited availability of cell therapy products requires more sensitive and specific methods for the quality test. Here we studied the use of nano-flow liquid chromatography/Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (nanoLC/FTMS) and nanoLC/MS/MS for NeuGc-specific determination at a low femtomole level. Using our method, we found NeuGc contamination of the human cell line (HL-60RG cells) cultured with human serum. Our method needs only 2.5x10(3) cells for one injection and would be applicable to the determination of NeuGc in cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Hashii
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyouga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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35
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Bratosin D, Palii C, Moicean AD, Zanetta JP, Montreuil J. Reduced diversity of the human erythrocyte membrane sialic acids in polycythemia vera. Absence of N-glycolylneuraminic acid and characterisation of N-acetylneuraminic acid 1,7 lactone. Biochimie 2007; 89:355-9. [PMID: 17188794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids from the erythrocyte (RBC) membrane of a patient suffering from polycythemia vera, a malignant orphan disorder of hematopoietic cells, was studied using GC/MS. We found that the sialic acid diversity of these membranes was drastically reduced since only four entities were identified: Neu5Ac (91.5%) and its 1,7 lactone Neu5Ac1,7L (7.5%) which is absent in normal RBC, Neu4,5Ac(2) (0.50%) and Neu4,5Ac(2) 9Lt (0.50%); in normal RBC, Neu5,7Ac(2), Neu5,9Ac(2), Neu5Ac9Lt, Neu5Ac8S and Neu, as well as traces of Kdn, were also present. Neu5Gc and its O-alkylated or O-acetylated derivatives, which are considered by various authors as cancer markers, were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bratosin
- Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Stiinte Biologice, Bucuresti, Romania.
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36
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Martín MJ, Vázquez E, Rueda R. Application of a sensitive fluorometric HPLC assay to determine the sialic acid content of infant formulas. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2943-9. [PMID: 17333152 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The developing human brain requires high amounts of sialic acids. While human milk is very rich in sialic acids, cow's milk based infant formulas provide lower amounts of sialic acids, and sialic acids are absent in soy milk based formulas. This has prompted interest in the supplementation of formulas with sialic acids, either free or bound to glycoconjugates. In order for fortification of infant formulas with sialic acids to be appropriate for the developmental needs of the infant, an accurate quantitation of sialic acid content of infant formulas through a reliable and easy-to-use method is, therefore, of great interest to industry. In the present method, we describe the application of one of the most widely used analytical techniques to the quantitation of sialic acids in infant formulas. Briefly, sialic acids are hydrolyzed from glycoconjugates, derivatized using 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene dihydrochloride (DMB), and separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The method fulfilled the established criteria for validation, with an interassay standard deviation of less than 5%, accuracy greater than 97%, and surrogate recovery between 98 and 104%. An investigation of the ruggedness of the method identified two key criteria: both standards and samples must be subjected to the same temperature and pH conditions for an accurate quantitation; and prolonged storage (more than 2 days) of the DMB reagent and derivatives must be avoided. In conclusion, this method is specific, straightforward, and accurate and can be easily performed in a quality-assurance laboratory to track the level of sialic acid in formulas that contain both inherent and fortified amounts of sialic acids. Figure Infant formula and HPLC vials used for the sialic acid quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Martín
- Science and Technology Department, Abbott Laboratories, Camino de Purchil 68, 18004 Granada, Spain.
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37
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Tzanakakis GN, Nikitovic D, Katonis P, Kanakis I, Karamanos NK. Expression and distribution ofN-acetyl andN-glycolylneuraminic acids in secreted and cell-associated glycoconjugates by two human osteosarcoma cell lines. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:406-9. [PMID: 17285685 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) are the dominant sialic acids (Sia) in mammals usually found in the non-reducing terminal of oligosaccharide side chains in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Their expression and distribution pattern have been correlated both with the malignant phenotype and tumor grade of human cancers. The aim of the present study was to determine by reversed-phase HPLC method the amounts of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc as well as their distribution among the culture media and cell surface of MG-63 and Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cell lines of high and low metastatic potential. It was determined that MG-63 cells produce up to 5-fold more total sialic acid as compared with the Saos 2 cells. Neu5Ac accounts for ca 60% of the total sialic acids secreted by MG-63 cells, whereas Neu5Gc is the predominant sialic acid present on the MG-63 cell membrane. Saos 2 cells secrete considerable amounts of Neu5Ac to culture media. The obtained data indicate that the human osteosarcoma cells express both forms of Sia-containing glycoconjugates; the differences in the amounts of each of the two major Sia types and their distribution may be related to their differences in morphology and/or metastatic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology, Medical School, University of Crete, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece.
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38
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Marzouk SAM, Ashraf SS, Tayyari KAA. Prototype Amperometric Biosensor for Sialic Acid Determination. Anal Chem 2006; 79:1668-74. [PMID: 17297971 DOI: 10.1021/ac061886d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the first report on the development, characterization, and applications of a prototype amperometric biosensor for free sialic acid (SA). The sensor was constructed by the coimmobilization of two enzymes, i.e., N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase and pyruvate oxidase, on a polyester microporous membrane, which was then mounted on top of a platinum disk electrode. The SA biosensor operation was based on the sequential action of the two enzymes to ultimately produce hydrogen peroxide, which was then detected by anodic amperometry at the platinum electrode. The surface of the platinum electrode was coated with an electropolymeric layer to enhance the biosensor selectivity in the presence of interfering oxidizable species. Optimization of the enzyme layer composition resulted in a fast and steady current response in phosphate buffer pH 7.2 at 37 degrees C. The limit of detection was 10 microM, and the response was linear to 3.5 mM (r = 0.9987). The prepared SA biosensors retained approximately 85% of their initial sensitivity after 8 days and showed excellent response reproducibility (CV = 2.3%). Utilization of a third enzyme, sialidase, expanded the scope of the present SA biosensor to determine bound sialic acid as well. The merits of the described biosensor allowed its successful application in determining SA in biological and pharmaceutical samples. The obtained results indicated that the presented SA biosensor should be a useful bioanalytical tool in several biological and clinical applications such as screening of SA as a nonspecific tumor marker as well as monitoring of tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed A M Marzouk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, PO Box 17551, United Arab Emirates.
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Tzanakakis GN, Syrokou A, Kanakis I, Karamanos NK. Determination and distribution of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acids in culture media and cell-associated glycoconjugates from human malignant mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma cells. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:434-9. [PMID: 16177958 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids containing glycoconjugates are very common in human neoplasias and their expression frequently correlates with malignant phenotype and the tumor grade. The majority of tumor markers containing sialic acids in man involve changes in the amount of total sialic acids and in the presence of the two main sialic acid types, Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, and their derivatives. The aim of the present study was to examine whether malignant mesothelioma cell lines synthesize sialic acid containing glycoconjugates at both the extracellular and cell membrane levels and particularly whether the type and the content of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc are of biological importance for mesothelioma cell differentiation and evaluation of its prognosis. The study was performed in three human malignant mesothelioma cell lines, two with a fibroblast like phenotype (STAV-FCS and Vester) and one of epithelial differentiation (STAV-AB), which developed from the pleural effusions of patients with malignant mesothelioma and in one human adenocarcinoma cell line (Wart). Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc were determined following a mild hydrolysis step and a sample clean-up procedure. The determination was performed by reversed-phase HPLC after the NeuAc and NeuGc had been converted to per-O-benzoylated derivatives. It was found that Neu5Gc is the major sialic acid in the culture media of all cell lines examined. Molar ratios of Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc showed that Neu5Gc is the predominant sialic acid in the culture medium of the fibroblast-like mesothelioma cells. Neu5Ac is almost undetectable in the cell membrane, whereas Neu5Gc is present in considerable amounts. The obtained results suggest that the type and the content of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc in culture media are of biological importance for mesothelioma cell differentiation and may be of value in the evaluation of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Tzanakakis
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
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Yudin AI, Generao SE, Tollner TL, Treece CA, Overstreet JW, Cherr GN. Beta-defensin 126 on the cell surface protects sperm from immunorecognition and binding of anti-sperm antibodies. Biol Reprod 2005; 73:1243-52. [PMID: 16079310 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.042432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-defensin 126 (DEFB126), formerly known as epididymal secretory protein 13.2 (ESP13.2), coats the entire primate sperm surface until completion of capacitation, and it is a candidate for providing immune protection in the female reproductive tract. To further examine the potential role of DEFB126 as a means of protection from immune recognition, cynomolgus macaque sperm were exposed to a number of treatments that are known to alter sperm surface coats, including capacitation. We used a novel in vivo assay to determine immune recognition: aldehyde-fixed whole sperm injections into rabbits. Following booster injections, immunoblot analyses of whole sperm prepared in various manners was conducted. On Days 60 and 80 post-initial immunization, the antisera showed a remarkably strong reaction to a single 34-36 kDa protein, which was shown to be DEFB126. Sera from rabbits that were immunized with sperm washed more rigorously using Percoll gradients showed an increase in the number and intensity of proteins recognized on whole sperm Western blots, although DEFB126 was still the major immune response. When capacitated sperm, from which most DEFB126 had been released, were used as the immunogen, there was a dramatic increase in the immune recognition to a variety of protein bands. Sperm treated with neuraminidase to remove sialic acid on DEFB126 before fixation were shown to still possess DEFB126, but lacked the sialic acid component of the glycoprotein. These sperm were as immunogenic as capacitated sperm even though the desialylated DEFB126 still covered the entire cell surface. These sperm lost their highly negative charge (the isoelectric point of DEFB126 shifted from pI 3.0 to pI 6.4). Experiments using different sperm plasma membrane protein-specific Igs showed that recognition did not occur when DEFB126 was present, but following capacitation these Igs readily recognized the exposed sperm membrane. Our data suggest that DEFB126 protects the entire primate sperm surface from immune recognition and that the sialic acid moieties are responsible for the cloaking characteristic of this unique glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley I Yudin
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California 94923, USA
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Ceciliani F, Grossi C, Giordano A, Pocacqua V, Paltrinieri S. Decreased sialylation of the acute phase protein alpha1-acid glycoprotein in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004; 99:229-36. [PMID: 15135988 PMCID: PMC7120068 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2003] [Revised: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 02/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an immune-mediated disease of domestic and exotic felides infected with feline coronavirus. FIP is characterized by the overexpression of an acute phase protein, the α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). In humans, AGP is a heavily glycosylated protein that undergoes several modifications of its glycan moiety during acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies. We studied the changes in AGP glycosylation in the course of FIP. Specifically, we focussed our attention on the degree of sialylation, fucosylation and branching. This study presents a purification method for feline AGP (fAGP) from serum, using an ion exchange chromatography strategy. The glycosylation pattern was analyzed in detail by means of interaction of purified fAGP with specific lectins. In particular, Sambucus nigra agglutinin I and Maackia amurensis agglutinin lectins were used to detect sialic acid residues, Aleuria aurantia lectin was used to detect l-fucose residues and Concanavalin A was used to evaluate the branching degree. By this method we showed that fAGP did not present any l-fucose residues on its surface, and that its branching degree was very low, both in normal and in pathological conditions. In contrast, during FIP disease, fAGP underwent several modifications in the sialic acid content, including decreased expression of both α(2–6)-linked and α(2–3)-linked sialic acid (76 and 44%, respectively when compared to non-pathological feline AGP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, University of Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Turula VE, Kim J, Michon F, Pankratz J, Zhang Y, Yoo C. An integrity assay for a meningococcal type B conjugate vaccine. Anal Biochem 2004; 327:261-70. [PMID: 15051544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of an analytical procedure for the evaluation of a conjugate vaccine's structural wholeness or integrity is described. The principle component of the vaccine was the N-propionylated group B meningococcal polysaccharide (NPr-GBMP) covalently attached to a carrier protein. The goal of the procedure was to determine whether any whole polysaccharide, oligosaccharide, or monosaccharide, from minute to moderate levels, became detached off the conjugate. Free saccharide was isolated from the formulation, which included an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant for analysis. Due to its linkage, the NPr-GBMP did not release sialic acid efficiently with acid hydrolysis to the extent necessary for accurate quantitation. To accomplish depolymerization, the NPr-GBMP was subjected to methanolysis, 3N hydrochloric acid in methanol for 16h at 80 degrees C. The main product of the methanolysis reaction was a de-N-acylated methyl glycoside of sialic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid oligomers and colominic acid were used to confirm the methanolysis depolymerization efficiency of the alpha(2 --> 8) saccharides; with the treatment all oligomers produced a common methyl glycoside. For this determination anion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography were both interfaced to an integrated pulsed amperometric detector. Sensitivity and linearity were demonstrated to be sufficient for the application with vaccine dose formulations with low total saccharide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent E Turula
- BioScience Division, Baxter Healthcare Corp., 12140 Indian Creek Ct., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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