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Parthimos TP, Schulpis KH, Karousi AD, Loukas YL, Dotsikas Y. The relationship between neurotransmission-related amino acid blood concentrations and neuropsychological performance following acute exercise. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024; 31:560-574. [PMID: 35227132 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2043327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid neurotransmitters, including glutamate, phenylalanine, tyrosine, alanine, and glycine, underlie the majority of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the nervous system, and acute exercise has been shown to modulate their concentrations. We aimed to determine whether any correlation exists between the above-mentioned amino acid blood concentrations and the neuropsychological performance after an acute exercise intervention. Sixty basketball players were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: exercise or inactive resting. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and blood samples were taken on a Guthrie card before and after the end of the experimental conditions. Amino acid blood concentrations were significantly elevated and cognitive performance significantly improved post-exercise on specific neuropsychological assessments. Significant intervention × group interaction effects were apparent for Trail Making Test part-B [F(1,58) = 20.46, p < .0001, η2 = .26] and Digit Span Backwards [F(1,58) = 15.47, p < .0001, η2 = .21] neuropsychological assessments. Additionally, regression analysis indicated that tyrosine accounted for 38.0% of the variance in the Trail Making Test part-A test. These results suggest that elevated blood concentrations of neurotransmission-related amino acids are associated with improved neuropsychological performance after a single bout of high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore P Parthimos
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Kleopatra H Schulpis
- Institute of Child Health, Research Center, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra D Karousi
- Department of Psychology, Human Sciences Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Yannis L Loukas
- Laboratory of Pharm. Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Dotsikas
- Laboratory of Pharm. Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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2
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Zhao R, Huang B, Lu G, Fu S, Ying J, Zhao Y. A Practical Method for Amino Acid Analysis by LC-MS Using Precolumn Derivatization with Urea. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087332. [PMID: 37108497 PMCID: PMC10138926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) analysis is important in biochemistry, food science, and clinical medicine. However, due to intrinsic limitations, AAs usually require derivatization to improve their separation and determination. Here, we present a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the derivatization of AAs using the simple agent urea. The reactions proceed quantitatively under a wide range of conditions without any pretreatment steps. Urea-derivatized products (carbamoyl amino acids) of 20 AAs exhibit better separation on reversed-phase columns and increased response in a UV detector compared to underivatized ones. We applied this approach to AA analysis in complex samples using a cell culture media as a model, and it showed potential for the determination of oligopeptides. This fast, simple, and inexpensive method should be useful for AA analysis in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjin Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Biling Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Songsen Fu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jianxi Ying
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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El-Said WA, Qaisi RM, Placide V, Choi JW. A stable naked-eye colorimetric sensor for monitoring release of extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter from SH-SY5Y cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120517. [PMID: 34739892 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel optical γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-based sensor was developed on interacting thiol compounds and o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) to form thiacetal compounds. Then, the thiacetal interacts with the GABA molecule to form an isoindole compound. The effects of four thiol compounds on the stability of the resulting isoindole compound were assessed. The 2-mercaptoethanol, "one of the most used derivatizing agents," is unexpectedly the least stable; while, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid resulted in the most durable isoindole compound. The developed sensor showed the capability for detecting GABA within a wide concentration range spanning from 500 nmol L-1 to 100 µmol L-1. The detection limit was about 330 nmol L-1, which indicated the high sensitivity of the developed sensor compared with those previously reported. The findings illustrated the ability to detect GABA at the physiological pH (pH = 7.4) without adjusting the pH value, opening the door for real applications. Furthermore, the sensor could detect various GABA concentrations in human serum with good recovery percentages (98% to 101.4%). In addition, this assay was applied to monitor GABA release from the SH-SY5Y cell line to convert glutamate into GABA. This result indicates the capability of the proposed assay for visually monitoring the release of GABA neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A El-Said
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Ramy M Qaisi
- University of Jeddah, College of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Virginie Placide
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
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Dogra R, Mandal UK. Recent Applications of Derivatization Techniques for Pharmaceutical and
Bioanalytical Analysis through High-performance Liquid Chromatography. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411017666211108092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Derivatization of analytes is a quite convenient practice from an analytical perspective. Its vast prevalence is accounted by the availability of distinct reagents, primarily pragmatic for obtaining desired modifications in an analyte structure. Another reason for its handiness is typically to overcome limitations such as lack of sensitive methodology or instrumentation.The past decades have witnessed various new derivatization techniques including in-situ, enzymatic, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and photochemical derivatization which have gain popularity recently.
Methods:
The online literature available on the utilization of derivatization as prominent analytical tools in recent years with typical advancements is reviewed. The illustrations of the analytical condition together with the structures of different derivatizing reagents (DRs) are provided to acknowledge the vast capability of derivatization to resolve analytical problems.
Results:
The derivatization techniques have enabled analytical chemists throughout the globe to develop an enhanced sensitivity method with the simplest of the instrument like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC, compared to more sensitive Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometer, is readily available and can be readily utilized for routine analysis in fields of pharmaceuticals, bioanalysis, food safety, and environmental contamination. A troublesome aspect of these fields is the presence of a complex matrix with trace concentrations for analyses. Liquid chromatographic methods devoid of MS detectors do not have the desired sensitivity for this. A possible solution for overcoming this is to couple HPLC with derivatization to enable the possibility of detecting trace analytes with a less expensive instrument. Running cost, enhanced sensitivity, low time consumption, and overcoming the inherent problems of analyte are critical parameters for which HPLC is quite useful in high throughput analysis.
Conclusion:
The review critically highlights various kinds of derivatization applications in different fields of analytical chemistry. The information primarily focuses on pharmaceutical and bioanalytical applications in recent years. The various modes, types, and derivatizing reagents with brief mechanisms have been ascribed briefly Additionally, the importance of HPLC coupled to fluorescence and UV detection is presented as an overview through examples accompanied by their analytical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Dogra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Uttam Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Punjab, India
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Parthimos TP, Schulpis KH, Loukas YL, Dotsikas Y. Increased blood concentrations of neurotransmission amino acids and modulation of specific enzyme activities after resistance and endurance exercise. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Optimization of Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Detection of Glutamine-FMOC Ad-Hoc Derivative by Central Composite Design. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7134. [PMID: 32346010 PMCID: PMC7188808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is converted to excitatory (glutamate, aspartate) and inhibitory (γ-amino butyric acid) amino acid neurotransmitters in brain, and is a source of energy during glucose deprivation. Current research utilized an Analytical Quality by Design approach to optimize levels and combinations of critical gas pressure (sheath, auxiliary, sweep) and temperature (ion transfer tube, vaporizer) parameters for high-sensitivity mass spectrometric quantification of brain tissue glutamine. A Design of Experiments (DOE) matrix for evaluation of relationships between these multiple independent variables and a singular response variable, e.g. glutamine chromatogram area, was developed by statistical response surface methodology using central composite design. A second-order polynomial equation was generated to identify and predict singular versus combinatory effects of synergistic and antagonistic factors on chromatograph area. Predicted versus found outcomes overlapped, with enhanced area associated with the latter. DOE methodology was subsequently used to evaluate liquid chromatographic variable effects, e.g. flow rate, column temperature, and mobile phase composition on the response variable. Results demonstrate that combinatory AQbD-guided mass spectrometric/liquid chromatographic optimization significantly enhanced analytical sensitivity for Gln, thus enabling down-sized brain tissue sample volume procurement for quantification of this critical amino acid.
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Neurochemical investigation of multiple locally induced seizures using microdialysis sampling: Epilepsy effects on glutamate release. Brain Res 2019; 1722:146360. [PMID: 31377104 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an in vivo model for locally induced epilepsy. Epilepsy is a prominent neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Patients may experience either global seizures, affecting the entire brain, or focal seizures, affecting only one brain region. The majority of epileptic patients experience focal seizures but they go undiagnosed because such seizures can be difficult to detect. To better understand the effects of focal epilepsy on the neurochemistry of a brain region with high seizure diathesis, an animal model for locally induced seizures in the hippocampus was developed. In this model, two seizure events were chemically induced by administering the epileptogenic agent, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), to the hippocampus to disturb the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain. Microdialysis was used for local delivery of 3-MPA as well as for collection of dialysate for neurochemical analyses. Two periods of seizures separated by varying inter-seizure recovery times were employed, and changes in the release of the excitatory transmitter, glutamate, were measured. Significant differences in glutamate release were observed between the first and second seizure episodes. Diminished glutamate biosynthesis, enhanced glutamate re-uptake, and/or neuronal death were considered possible causes of the attenuated glutamate release during the second seizure episode. Biochemical measurements were indicative that a combination of these factors led to the attenuation in glutamate release.
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Luo L, Kang J, He Q, Qi Y, Chen X, Wang S, Liang S. A NMR-Based Metabonomics Approach to Determine Protective Effect of a Combination of Multiple Components Derived from Naodesheng on Ischemic Stroke Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091831. [PMID: 31086027 PMCID: PMC6539225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Naodesheng (NDS) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription for the treatment of ischemic stroke. A combination of 10 components is derived from NDS. They are: Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside b1, ginsenoside Rd, hydroxysafflor yellow A, senkyunolide I, puerarin, daidzein, vitexin, and ferulic acid. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the ten-component combination derived from NDS (TCNDS) on ischemic stroke rats with a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model by integrating an NMR-based metabonomics approach with biochemical assessment. Our results showed that TCNDS could improve neurobehavioral function, decrease the cerebral infarct area, and ameliorate pathological features in MCAO model rats. In addition, TCNDS was found to decrease plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and increase plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) production. Furthermore, 1H-NMR metabonomic analysis indicated that TCNDS could regulate the disturbed metabolites in the plasma, urine, and brain tissue of MCAO rats, and the possible mechanisms were involved oxidative stress, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and inflammation. Correlation analysis were then performed to further confirm the metabolites involved in oxidative stress. Correlation analysis showed that six plasma metabolites had high correlations with plasma LDH, MDA, and SOD. This study provides evidence that an NMR-based metabonomics approach integrated with biochemical assessment can help to better understand the underlying mechanisms as well as the holistic effect of multiple compounds from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administrationof TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiazhen Kang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administrationof TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiong He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administrationof TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yue Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administrationof TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xingyu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administrationof TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shumei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administrationof TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shengwang Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administrationof TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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9
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Lendor S, Hassani SA, Boyaci E, Singh V, Womelsdorf T, Pawliszyn J. Solid Phase Microextraction-Based Miniaturized Probe and Protocol for Extraction of Neurotransmitters from Brains in Vivo. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4896-4905. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lendor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Seyed-Alireza Hassani
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, PMB 407817, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ezel Boyaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Thilo Womelsdorf
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, PMB 407817, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1P3, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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10
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Xu HN, Li LX, Wang YX, Wang HG, An D, Heng B, Liu YQ. Genistein inhibits Aβ 25-35 -induced SH-SY5Y cell damage by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and Ca 2+ influx through ionotropic glutamate receptors. Phytother Res 2018; 33:431-441. [PMID: 30450837 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the protective effects of genistein against SH-SY5Y cell damage induced by β-amyloid 25-35 peptide (Aβ25-35 ) and the underlying mechanisms. Aβ-induced neuronal death, apoptosis, glutamate receptor subunit expression, Ca2+ ion concentration, amino acid transmitter concentration, and apoptosis-related factor expression were evaluated to determine the effects of genistein on Aβ-induced neuronal death and apoptosis. The results showed that genistein increased the survival of SH-SY5Y cells and decreased the level of apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 . In addition, genistein reversed the Aβ25-35 -induced changes in amino acid transmitters, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors, and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits in SH-SY5Y cells. Aβ25-35 -induced changes in Ca2+ and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein and gene levels in cells were also reversed by genistein. Our data suggest that genistein protects against Aβ25-35 -induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells, possibly by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and Ca2+ influx through ionotropic glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Nan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di An
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Heng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Bongaerts J, De Bundel D, Mangelings D, Smolders I, Vander Heyden Y, Van Eeckhaut A. Sensitive targeted methods for brain metabolomic studies in microdialysis samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:192-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Yetgin Çetin Ö, Karadeniz H, Karakaş A, Yenisoy-Karakaş S. Determination of Melatonin Hormone and Neurotransmitters in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Method Validation and Uncertainty Calculations. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818060114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Fonseca BM, Cristóvão AC, Alves G. An easy-to-use liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous determination of five neuroactive amino acids in different regions of rat brain. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 91:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Iwai NT, Kramaric M, Crabbe D, Wei Y, Chen R, Shen M. GABA Detection with Nano-ITIES Pipet Electrode: A New Mechanism, Water/DCE-Octanoic Acid Interface. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3067-3072. [PMID: 29388419 PMCID: PMC6126903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) supported on the orifice of a pipet have become a powerful platform to detect a broad range of analytes. We present here the detection of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with the nanoITIES pipet electrodes for the first time. GABA has a net charge of zero in an aqueous solution at pH ≈ 7, and it has not previously been detected at ITIES. In this work, we demonstrated GABA detection at ITIES in an aqueous solution at pH ≈ 7, where we introduced a novel detection strategy based on "pH modulation from the oil phase". To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such. Current increases linearly with increasing concentrations of GABA, ranging from 0.25 mM to 1.0 mM. The measured half-wave transfer potential of GABA is -0.401 ± 0.010 V ( n = 22) vs E1/2,TBA. The measured diffusion coefficient for GABA detection at nanoITIES pipet electrode is 6.09 (±0.58) × 10-10 m2/s ( n = 5). Experimental results indicate that protons generated from octanoic acid dissociation in the oil phase do not come out from the oil phase into the aqueous phase; neither were protons produced in the aqueous phase. NanoITIES pipet electrodes with radii of 320-340 nm were used in the current study. This new strategy and knowledge presented here lays the groundwork for the future development of ITIES pipet electrodes, especially for the detection of electrochemically nonredox active analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Toshio Iwai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michelle Kramaric
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Daniel Crabbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mei Shen
- Corresponding Author, Fax: +1 (217) 265-6290.
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15
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Zandy SL, Doherty JM, Wibisono ND, Gonzales RA. High sensitivity HPLC method for analysis of in vivo extracellular GABA using optimized fluorescence parameters for o-phthalaldehyde (OPA)/sulfite derivatives. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1055-1056:1-7. [PMID: 28433865 PMCID: PMC5536952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase HPLC with derivatization using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and sulfite allows electrochemical detection of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in microdialysis samples. However, OPA/sulfite derivatives have been reported to produce lower fluorescent yield than OPA derivatives using organic thiols as the nucleophile. To overcome this limitation we examined excitation and emission spectra, reaction time, pH, and concentration of reagents in the derivatization solution. Optimal detection parameters were determined as λex=220nm and λem=385nm for maximal fluorescence. The derivatization reaction occurred immediately and the product was stable up to 24 h [corrected]. A pH of 10.4 for the borate buffer used in the derivatization solution was significantly better than lower pH. Increasing the amount of sulfite combined with diluting the derivatization solution in borate buffer resulted in complete separation of the GABA peak from contaminants without any loss in signal. Controlling the temperature of the detector at 15°C significantly improved sensitivity with a detection limit of approximately 1nM. To validate this assay, we performed microdialysis in the dorsal striatum and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of adult Long Evans rats. GABA concentrations in dialysates were determined using external standards and standard additions, in order to further confirm interfering peaks were not present in biological samples. Within the dorsal striatum (n=4), basal GABA concentrations were 12.9±2.2 and 14.5±2.2nM (external and additions, respectively). Respective basal GABA concentrations in the VTA (n=3) were 4.6±1.1 and 5.1±0.6nM. Thus, we have developed a novel, sensitive fluorescence method to determine GABA in microdialysates using HPLC of an OPA/sulfite derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Zandy
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - James M Doherty
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nathan D Wibisono
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rueben A Gonzales
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Tanshinone IIA Inhibits Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Toxicity through Prevention of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Suppression of MAPK Activation in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4517486. [PMID: 28690763 PMCID: PMC5485345 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4517486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity is associated with many neurological diseases, including cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Tanshinone IIA, a diterpenoid naphthoquinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been shown to suppress presynaptic glutamate release, but its protective mechanism against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity is lacking. Using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, we show here that excessive glutamate exposure decreases cell viability and proliferation and increases LDH release. Pretreatment with tanshinone IIA, however, prevents the decrease in cell viability and proliferation and the increase in LDH release induced by glutamate. Tanshinone IIA also attenuates glutamate-induced oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents and by enhancing activities and protein levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. We then show that tanshinone IIA prevents glutamate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content and by reducing mitochondrial protein carbonyl content. Moreover, tanshinone IIA can inhibit glutamate-induced apoptosis through regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression and MAPK activation, including elevation of Bcl-2 protein level, decrease in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels, and suppression of JNK and p38 MAPK activation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that tanshinone IIA protects SH-SY5Y cells against glutamate toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and regulating apoptosis and MAPK pathways.
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Optimization of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method with methyl chloroformate derivatization for quantification of amino acids in plant tissue. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:241-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Atta NF, Ibrahim AH, Galal A. Nickel oxide nanoparticles/ionic liquid crystal modified carbon composite electrode for determination of neurotransmitters and paracetamol. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01804h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid crystals mimic the natural bio-based ionic liquid crystals such as cell membrane structures in their interactions with drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada F. Atta
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Cairo University
- 12013 Giza
- Egypt
| | - Asmaa H. Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Cairo University
- 12013 Giza
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed Galal
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Cairo University
- 12013 Giza
- Egypt
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Liu Z, Zhang L, He Q, Liu X, Chukwunweike Ikechukwu O, Tong L, Guo L, Yang H, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Gu X. Effect of Baicalin-loaded PEGylated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles modified by OX26 antibody on regulating the levels of baicalin and amino acids during cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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21
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Haile Y, Nakhaei-Nejad M, Boakye PA, Baker G, Smith PA, Murray AG, Giuliani F, Jahroudi N. Reprogramming of HUVECs into induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs), generation and characterization of HiPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119617. [PMID: 25789622 PMCID: PMC4366250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic and progressive structural or functional loss of neurons. Limitations related to the animal models of these human diseases have impeded the development of effective drugs. This emphasizes the need to establish disease models using human-derived cells. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has provided novel opportunities in disease modeling, drug development, screening, and the potential for “patient-matched” cellular therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, with the objective of establishing reliable tools to study neurodegenerative diseases, we reprogrammed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) into iPSCs (HiPSCs). Using a novel and direct approach, HiPSCs were differentiated into cells of central nervous system (CNS) lineage, including neuronal, astrocyte and glial cells, with high efficiency. HiPSCs expressed embryonic genes such as nanog, sox2 and Oct-3/4, and formed embryoid bodies that expressed markers of the 3 germ layers. Expression of endothelial-specific genes was not detected in HiPSCs at RNA or protein levels. HiPSC-derived neurons possess similar morphology but significantly longer neurites compared to primary human fetal neurons. These stem cell-derived neurons are susceptible to inflammatory cell-mediated neuronal injury. HiPSC-derived neurons express various amino acids that are important for normal function in the CNS. They have functional receptors for a variety of neurotransmitters such as glutamate and acetylcholine. HiPSC-derived astrocytes respond to ATP and acetylcholine by elevating cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. In summary, this study presents a novel technique to generate differentiated and functional HiPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes. These cells are appropriate tools for studying the development of the nervous system, the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases and the development of potential drugs for their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Haile
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Paul A. Boakye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Glen Baker
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry (Neurochemical Research Unit), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Peter A. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Allan G. Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Fabrizio Giuliani
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- * E-mail: (NJ); (FG)
| | - Nadia Jahroudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- * E-mail: (NJ); (FG)
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Şanlı N, Tague SE, Lunte C. Analysis of amino acid neurotransmitters from rat and mouse spinal cords by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 107:217-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Derivatization for the simultaneous LC/MS quantification of multiple neurotransmitters in extracellular fluid from rat brain microdialysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:357-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Zhou XJ, Chen J, Shi YP. Determination of Amino Acids in Plasma and Nutritional Supplements by Capillary Electrophoresis with Copper(II) Coordination. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.936019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Crick EW, Osorio I, Frei M, Mayer AP, Lunte CE. Correlation of 3-mercaptopropionic acid induced seizures and changes in striatal neurotransmitters monitored by microdialysis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:25-33. [PMID: 24462767 PMCID: PMC4004672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to use a status epilepticus steady-state chemical model in rats using the convulsant, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), and to compare the changes in striatal neurotransmission on a slow (5min) and fast (60s) timescale. In vivo microdialysis was combined with electrophysiological methods in order to provide a complete evaluation of the dynamics of the results obtained. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a steady-state chemical model pof status epilepticus on striatal amino-acid and amine neurotransmitters contents, as measured via in vivo microdialysis combined with electrophysiological methods. Measurements were performed on samples collected every 60s and every 5min. "Fast" (60s) and "slow" (5min) sampling timescales were selected, to gain more insight into the dynamics of GABA synthesis inhibition and of its effects on other neurotransmitters and on cortical electrical activity. METHODS 3-MPA was administered in the form of an intra-venous load (60mg/kg) followed by a constant infusion (50mg/kg/min) for min. Microdialysis samples were collected from the striatum at intervals of 5min and 60s and analyzed for biogenic amine and amino acid neurotransmitters. ECoG activity was monitored via screws placed over the cortex. RESULTS In the 5min samples, glutamate (Glu) increased and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) decreased monotonically while changes in dopamine (DA) concentration were bimodal. In the sixty second samples, Glu changes were bimodal, a feature that was not apparent with the 5min samples. ECoG activity was indicative of status epilepticus. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the combination of in vivo microdialysis with electrophysiology to monitor the effect of 3-MPA on neurotransmission in the brain. This led to a better understanding of the chemical changes in the striatum due to the applied 3-MPA chemical model of status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Crick
- R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Ivan Osorio
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, United States; Flint Hills Scientific, LLC, 5040 Bob Billings Parkway, Suite A, Lawrence, KS 66049, United States
| | - Mark Frei
- Flint Hills Scientific, LLC, 5040 Bob Billings Parkway, Suite A, Lawrence, KS 66049, United States
| | - Andrew P Mayer
- R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Craig E Lunte
- R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States.
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Haile Y, Fu W, Shi B, Westaway D, Baker G, Jhamandas J, Giuliani F. Characterization of the NT2-derived neuronal and astrocytic cell lines as alternative in vitro models for primary human neurons and astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1187-98. [PMID: 24801011 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary human fetal neurons and astrocytes (HFNs and HFAs, respectively) provide relevant cell types with which to study in vitro the mechanisms involved in various human neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the limited availability of human fetal cells poses a significant problem for the study of these diseases when a human cell model system is required. Thus, generating a readily available alternative cell source with the essential features of human neurons and astrocytes is necessary. The human teratoma-derived NTera2/D1 (NT2) cell line is a promising tool from which both neuronal and glial cells can be generated. Nevertheless, a direct comparison of NT2 neurons and primary HFNs in terms of their morphology physiological and chemical properties is still missing. This study directly compares NT2-derived neurons and primary HFNs using immunocytochemistry, confocal calcium imaging, high-performance liquid chromatography, and high-content analysis techniques. We investigated the morphological similarities and differences, levels of relevant amino acids, and internal calcium fluctuations in response to certain neurotransmitters/stimuli. We also compared NT2-derived astrocytes and HFAs. In most of the parameters tested, both neuronal and astrocytic cell types exhibited similarities to primary human fetal neurons and astrocytes. NT2-derived neurons and astrocytes are reliable in vitro tools and a renewable cell source that can serve as a valid alternative to HFNs/HFAs for mechanistic studies of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Haile
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Pinto MCX, de Paiva MJN, Oliveira-Lima OC, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZDL, Gomez MV, Resende RR, Gomez RS. Neurochemical study of amino acids in rodent brain structures using an improved gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. J Chem Neuroanat 2013; 55:24-37. [PMID: 24321291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of amino acid levels is crucial for neuroscience studies because of the roles of these molecules as neurotransmitters and their influence on behavior. The present study describes the distribution and levels of 16 amino acids (alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glycine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, sarcosine, serine, valine, and threonine) in brain tissues (prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum) and the serum. Neurochemical analysis was performed on Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice using an efficient method for extraction, a fast microwave-assisted derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The amino acid concentration varied across brain regions for 14 of the 16 analyzed molecules, with detection limits ranging from 0.02±0.005μmolL(-1) to 7.07±0.05μmolL(-1). In rats, the concentrations of alanine, glycine, methionine, serine and threonine were higher in prefrontal cortex than in other areas, whereas in mice, the concentrations of glutamic acid, leucine and proline were highest in the hippocampus. In conclusion, this study provides a cerebral profile of amino acids in brain regions and the serum of rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cunha Xavier Pinto
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena 190, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria José Nunes de Paiva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Onésia Cristina Oliveira-Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helvécio Costa Menezes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zenilda de Lourdes Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Gomez
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, R. Domingos Vieira, 590, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato Santiago Gomez
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Microperfusion of 3-MPA into the brain augments GABA. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 29:478-84. [PMID: 24094842 PMCID: PMC3939839 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In vivo effects of microperfusion of a GABA synthesis inhibitor (3-MPA) into the striatum and hippocampus on amino acid concentrations and electrical neuronal activity were investigated. Paradoxical elevations in GABA in the striatum (5-fold in anesthetized and 50-fold in awake rats) and hippocampus (2-fold in anesthetized and 15-fold in awake rats) were documented under steady-state concentrations of 3-MPA along with expected increases in glutamate (a 15-fold increase and a 250-fold increase in the striatum of anesthetized and awake rats, respectively; a 7-fold increase and a 25-fold increase in the hippocampus of anesthetized and awake rats, respectively). There was no clear epileptiform or seizure activity. Explanations for the paradoxical increase in GABA are offered, and emphasis is placed on the dependency of disinhibition on the model in which its effects are studied as well as on the prevailing level of activation of the probed network.
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Birbeck JA, Mathews TA. Simultaneous Detection of Monoamine and Purine Molecules Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7398-404. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4013144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnna A. Birbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit,
Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Tiffany A. Mathews
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit,
Michigan 48202, United States
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Reinhoud NJ, Brouwer HJ, van Heerwaarden LM, Korte-Bouws GAH. Analysis of glutamate, GABA, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, and metabolites using microbore UHPLC with electrochemical detection. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:888-94. [PMID: 23642417 DOI: 10.1021/cn400044s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The applicability of microbore ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with electrochemical detection for offline analysis of a number of well-known neurotransmitters in less than 10 μL microdialysis fractions is described. Two methods are presented for the analysis of monoamine or amino acid neurotransmitters, using the same UHPLC instrument. Speed of analysis of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and the metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindole aceticacid (5-HIAA), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was predominated by the retention behavior of NA, the nonideal behavior of matrix components, and the loss in signal of 5-HT. This method was optimized to meet the requirements for detection sensitivity and minimizing the size of collected fractions, which determines temporal resolution in microdialysis. The amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were analyzed after an automated derivatization procedure. Under optimized conditions, Glu was resolved from a number of early eluting system peaks, while the total runtime was decreased to 15 min by a 4-fold increase of the flow rate under UHPLC conditions. The detection limit for Glu and GABA was 10 nmol/L (15 fmol in 1.5 μL); the monoamine neurotransmitters had a detection limit between 32 and 83 pmol/L (0.16-0.42 fmol in 5 μL) in standard solutions. Using UHPLC, the analysis times varied from 15 min to less than 2 min depending on the complexity of the samples and the substances to be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gerdien A. H. Korte-Bouws
- Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) for LC–MS/MS analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:783-94. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to traditional reversed-phase chromatography for the analysis of polar compounds. The ability to retain the most polar compounds in HILIC makes it attractive for the analysis of certain large groups of compounds, such as monoamines, which are inherently very polar. Results: This paper details the development of a HILIC LC–MS/MS method for the analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters. The emphasis is on method development; in particular, the factors influencing sensitivity, peak shape and resolution. Mobile-phase ionic strength, temperature and stationary phase functionality are shown to be key parameters for the successful development of HILIC methods. Conclusion: HILIC is shown to be an appropriate and suitable method for the analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters and an attractive alternative to reversed-phase analysis. The most polar analytes, which are essentially unretained by reversed-phase chromatography, demonstrate superior retention and resolution when analyzed by HILIC.
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Shi X, Liang P, Song D, Yang W, Gao X. Quantification of γ-aminobutyric acid in the heads of houseflies (Musca domestica) and diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella (L.)), using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:548-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Samakashvili S, Ibáñez C, Simó C, Gil-Bea FJ, Winblad B, Cedazo-Mínguez A, Cifuentes A. Analysis of chiral amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid samples linked to different stages of Alzheimer disease. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2757-64. [PMID: 21983823 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection (chiral-MEKC-LIF) was used to investigate D- and L-amino acid contents in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples related to different Alzheimer disease (AD) stages. CSF samples were taken from (i) control subjects (S1 pool), (ii) subjects showing a mild cognitive impairment who remained stable (S2 pool), (iii) subjects showing an mild cognitive impairment that progressed to AD (S3 pool) and (iv) subjects diagnosed with AD (S4 pool). The optimized procedure only needed 10 μL of CSF and it included sample cleaning, derivatization with FITC and chiral-MEKC-LIF separation. Eighteen standard amino acids were baseline separated with efficiencies up to 703,000 plates/m, high sensitivity (LODs in the nM range) and good resolution (values ranging from 2.6 to 9.5). Using this method, L-Arg, L-Leu, L-Gln, γ-aminobutyric acid, L-Ser, D-Ser, L-Ala, Gly, L-Lys, L-Glu and L-Asp were detected in all the CSF samples. S3 and S4 samples (i.e. AD subjects) showed significant lower amounts of L-Arg L-Lys, L-Glu and L-Asp compared to the non-AD S1 and S2 samples, showing in the S4 group the lowest amounts of L-Arg L-Lys, L-Glu and L-Asp. Moreover, γ-aminobutyric acid was significantly higher in AD subjects with the highest amount also found for S4. No significant differences were observed for the rest of amino acids including D-Ser. Based on the obtained chiral-MEKC-LIF data, it was possible to correctly classify all the samples into the four groups. These results demonstrate that the use of enantioselective procedures as the one developed in this work can provide some new light on the investigations of AD, including the discovery of new biomarkers related to different stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorena Samakashvili
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Zhang ZX, Gao PF, Guo XF, Wang H, Zhang HS. 1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-8-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl butyric ester)difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene as a new fluorescent labeling reagent for HPLC determination of amino acid neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex of mice. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1905-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Atta NF, Galal A, Abu-Attia FM, Azab SM. Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and neurotransmitters in biological fluids using a carbon paste sensor modified with gold nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11795e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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1-Acetylpyrene with dual functions as an environment-sensitive fluorophore and fluorescent photoremovable protecting group. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Zinellu A, Sotgia S, Pisanu E, Scanu B, Sanna M, Usai MF, Chessa R, Deiana L, Carru C. Quantification of neurotransmitter amino acids by capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence detection in biological fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:1973-8. [PMID: 20803002 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of neurotransmitter amino acids (NAAs) in the functioning of the nervous system has been the focus of increasingly intense research over the past several years. Among the various amino acids that have important roles as neurotransmitters, there are alanine (Ala), glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), serine (Ser), taurine (Tau) and glycine (Gly). NAAs are present in plasma, cells and--at trace levels--in all biological fluids, but complex components in biological matrices make it difficult to determine them in biological samples. We describe a new capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with laser-induced fluorescence detection by which analytes are resolved in less than 12 minutes in a 18 mmol/L phosphate run buffer at pH 11.6. The use of elevated temperatures during sample derivatization leads to a drastic reduction in the reaction time, down to 20 min, compared to the 6-14 h usually described for reactions between FITC and amino acids at room temperature. In order to demonstrate its wide range of applications, the method was applied to the analysis of NAA in human plasma and in other sample types, such as red blood cells, urine, cultured cells, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and vitreous humor, thus avoiding the typical limitations of other methods, which are normally suitable for use with only one or two matrix types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Excellence for Biotechnology Development and Biodiversity Research, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Li H, Li C, Yan ZY, Yang J, Chen H. Simultaneous monitoring multiple neurotransmitters and neuromodulators during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats by microdialysis and capillary electrophoresis. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 189:162-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Li H, Yan ZY. Analysis of amino acid neurotransmitters in hypothalamus of rats during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by microdialysis and capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:1185-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Li C, Yan Z, Yang J, Chen H, Li H, Jiang Y, Zhang Z. Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on ischemic injury mediated by modulating the release of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in rats. Neurochem Int 2010; 56:495-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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41
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Jiang X, Xia Z, Wei W, Gou Q. Direct UV detection of underivatized amino acids using capillary electrophoresis with online sweeping enrichment. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1927-33. [PMID: 19425023 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This is an original report proposed a CE method for direct analysis of the underivatized amino acids using UV detection with relatively higher sensitivity, which was based on coordination interactions between amino acids and Cu (II) ions. In addition, an online sweeping preconcentration technique was easily combined to improve the detection sensitivity. Satisfying separations of the amino acids were obtained under optimized conditions: 50 mmol/L CuSO4-0.05% HAc-H2O (pH 4.5), and the separation voltage of 15 kV. The LODs for the analytes ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 micromol/L. The linearity of detection for all analytes was two orders of magnitude with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The repeatability was displayed with an RSD less than 3% for migration time and peak height (n = 5). Moreover, some amino acids in real samples of human saliva and green tea were analyzed by this direct UV detection CE method with acceptable sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Jiang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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42
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Differential changes of neuroactive amino acids in samples obtained from discrete rat brain regions after systemic administration of saxitoxin. Neurochem Int 2009; 54:308-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Atia NN, York P, Clark BJ. Development and validation of a rapid and efficient method for simultaneous determination of methylxanthines and their metabolites in urine using monolithic HPLC columns. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:931-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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44
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Comparison of different amino acid derivatives and analysis of rat brain microdialysates by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 633:223-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for GABA and glutamate determination in regions of the rodent brain. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 177:289-93. [PMID: 19007814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A C18 reversed-phase column and isocratic fluorescence HPLC method for the simultaneous detection of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is described. In this article a fast and more efficient method for the extraction of these neurotransmitters in rat brain tissue is also presented. The supernatant was derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Intraday reproducibility was 97.0% and 96.7% and interday reproducibility was 97.1% and 93.7% for GABA and glutamate, respectively. Recovery assays indicate that the accuracy of the method for GABA is 99.6+/-2.3% and for glutamate is 101.9+/-1.8%. In addition, the time consumed to run a sample is lower than that described by other authors. Mean elution time was 3.10 min and 8.22 min for glutamate and GABA, respectively. Thus, in a total runtime of less than 9 min both neurotransmitters were detected. Moreover, when compared to the current methods, the extraction solution used here allowed a high drawing out of the neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, from the hippocampus, thalamus and prefrontal cortex of the rat brain.
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Deng YH, Wang H, Zhang HS. Determination of amino acid neurotransmitters in human cerebrospinal fluid and saliva by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3088-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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47
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Lin J, Su M, Wang X, Qiu Y, Li H, Hao J, Yang H, Zhou M, Yan C, Jia W. Multiparametric analysis of amino acids and organic acids in rat brain tissues using GC/MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2831-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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48
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Shi B, Huang W, Cheng J. Analysis of amino acids in human vascular endothelial (ECV-304) cells by microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1144-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Particle packed columns and monolithic columns in high-performance liquid chromatography-comparison and critical appraisal. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:393-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Paik MJ, Cho IS, Mook-Jung IH, Lee G, Kim KR. Altered free amino acid levels in brain cortex tissues of mice with Alzheimer's disease as their N(O,S)-ethoxycarbonyl/tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. BMB Rep 2008; 41:23-8. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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