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He M, Wang Y, Fan Y. Metastable grain boundaries: the roles of structural and chemical disorders in their energetics, non-equilibrium kinetic evolution, and mechanical behaviors. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:343001. [PMID: 38740049 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad4aab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Complex environments in advanced manufacturing usually involve ultrafast laser or ion irradiation which leads to rapid heating and cooling and drives grain boundaries (GBs) to non-equilibrium states, featuring distinct energetics and kinetic behaviors compared to conventional equilibrium or near-equilibrium GBs. In this topical review, we provide an overview of both recent experimental and computational studies on metastable GBs, i.e. their energetics, kinetic behaviors, and mechanical properties. In contrast to GBs at thermodynamic equilibrium, the inherent structure energy of metastable GBs exhibits a spectrum instead of single value for a particular misorientation, due to the existence of microstructural and chemical disorder. The potential energy landscape governs the energetic and kinetic behaviors of metastable GBs, including the ageing/rejuvenating mechanism and activation barrier distributions. The unique energetics and structural disorder of metastable GBs lead to unique mechanical properties and tunability of interface-rich nanocrystalline materials. We also discuss that, in addition to structural disorder, chemical complexity in multi-components alloys could also drive the GBs away from their ground states and, subsequently, significantly impact on the GBs-mediated deformation. And under some extreme conditions such as irradiation, structural disorders and chemical complexity may simultaneously present at interfaces, further enriching of metastability of GBs and their physical and mechanical behaviors. Finally, we discuss the machine learning techniques, which have been increasingly employed to predict and understand the complex behaviors of metastable GBs in recent years. We highlight the potential of data-driven approaches to revolutionize the study of disorder systems by efficiently extracting the relationship between structural features and material properties. We hope this topical review paper could shed light and stimulate the development of new GBs engineering strategies that allow more flexibility and tunability for the design of nano-structured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Yuchu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
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Lousada CM, Korzhavyi PA. Hydrogen at symmetric tilt grain boundaries in aluminum: segregation energies and structural features. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19872. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAluminum is envisioned to be an important material in future hydrogen-based energy systems. Here we report an ab initio investigation on the interactions between H-atoms and common grain boundaries (GBs) of fcc Al: Σ9, Σ5, Σ11 and Σ3. We found that upon segregation to the GBs, single H-atoms can cause displacement of Al-atoms. Increasing their concentration revealed large cooperative effects between H-atoms that favor the segregation when other H-atoms are bound at neighboring sites. This makes these GBs able to accommodate high concentrations of H-atoms with considerable segregation energies per atom. Structural analyses derived from Laguerre–Voronoi tessellations show that these GBs have many interstitial sites with higher symmetry than the bulk tetrahedral interstitial site. Many of those sites have also large volumes and higher coordination numbers than the bulk sites. These factors are the increased driving force for H-atom segregation at the studied GBs in Al when compared to other metals. These GBs can accommodate a higher concentration of H-atoms which indicates a likely uniform distribution of H-atoms at GBs in the real material. This suggests that attempting to mitigate hydrogen uptake solely by controlling the occurrence of certain GBs may not be the most efficient strategy for Al.
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Pratt DR, Morrissey LS, Nakhla S. Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation – the importance of force field choice on the predicted elastic modulus of FCC aluminum. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1791859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R. Pratt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Liam S. Morrissey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
| | - Sam Nakhla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
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Li Q, Xue S, Wang J, Shao S, Kwong AH, Giwa A, Fan Z, Liu Y, Qi Z, Ding J, Wang H, Greer JR, Wang H, Zhang X. High-Strength Nanotwinned Al Alloys with 9R Phase. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704629. [PMID: 29356130 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-weight aluminum (Al) alloys have widespread applications. However, most Al alloys have inherently low mechanical strength. Nanotwins can induce high strength and ductility in metallic materials. Yet, introducing high-density growth twins into Al remains difficult due to its ultrahigh stacking-fault energy. In this study, it is shown that incorporating merely several atomic percent of Fe solutes into Al enables the formation of nanotwinned (nt) columnar grains with high-density 9R phase in Al(Fe) solid solutions. The nt Al-Fe alloy coatings reach a maximum hardness of ≈5.5 GPa, one of the strongest binary Al alloys ever created. In situ uniaxial compressions show that the nt Al-Fe alloys populated with 9R phase have flow stress exceeding 1.5 GPa, comparable to high-strength steels. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that high strength and hardening ability of Al-Fe alloys arise mainly from the high-density 9R phase and nanoscale grain sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sichuang Xue
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Shuai Shao
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Anthony H Kwong
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Adenike Giwa
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Zhe Fan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Qi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Han Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xinghang Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Li N, Yadav SK, Liu XY, Wang J, Hoagland RG, Mara N, Misra A. Quantification of dislocation nucleation stress in TiN through high-resolution in situ indentation experiments and first principles calculations. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15813. [PMID: 26537338 PMCID: PMC4633591 DOI: 10.1038/srep15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Through in situ indentation of TiN in a high-resolution transmission electron microscope, the nucleation of full as well as partial dislocations has been observed from {001} and {111} surfaces, respectively. The critical elastic strains associated with the nucleation of the dislocations were analyzed from the recorded atomic displacements, and the nucleation stresses corresponding to the measured critical strains were computed using density functional theory. The resolved shear stress was estimated to be 13.8 GPa for the partial dislocation 1/6 <110> {111} and 6.7 GPa for the full dislocation ½ <110> {110}. Such an approach of quantifying nucleation stresses for defects via in situ high-resolution experiment coupled with density functional theory calculation may be applied to other unit processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Li
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, MPA-CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S K Yadav
- Materials Science and Technology Division, MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X-Y Liu
- Materials Science and Technology Division, MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - R G Hoagland
- Materials Science and Technology Division, MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Mara
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, MPA-CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Misra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Moeck P, York BW, Browning ND. Symmetries of migration-related segments of all [001] coincidence site lattice tilt boundaries in (001) projection for all holohedral cubic materials. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201400071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Moeck
- Nano-Crystallography Group, Department of Physics; Portland State University; Portland OR 97207-0751 USA
| | - Bryant W. York
- Department of Computer Science; Portland State University; Portland OR 97207-0751 USA
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352 USA
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