1
|
Adetunji TL, Acho MA, Samuel VO, Ohoro CR, Ramulondi M. Erythrina velutina Willd.: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117273. [PMID: 37820994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erythrina velutina Willd., commonly known as "mulungu" in Brazil, is a leguminous tree with various traditional medicinal uses. These uses include treating insomnia, central nervous system disorders, convulsions, nervous cough, and inflammation. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to comprehensively summarize the ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, pharmacology, and toxicology of E. velutina to explore its potential as a source for new therapeutic agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information was collected from scientific databases, dissertations, and books. Chemical structures were generated using ChemDraw. To ensure the accuracy of the plant names, "World Flora Online" (www.worldfloraonline.org) was consulted for the accepted names of plants. RESULTS E. velutina is indigenous to Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Hispaniola. Approximately 244 compounds, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids, have been isolated from it. The plant and its extracts have exhibited various bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, analgesic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, validating some of its traditional medicinal uses. Erythrina velutina shows promising therapeutic potential for conditions like convulsion, central nervous disorders, anxiety, insomnia, and inflammation, primarily due to its alkaloid and flavonoid content. CONCLUSION The traditional medicinal uses of the plant, combined with modern scientific research, underscore its pharmacological potential. This makes it a significant candidate for drug development. Further research should focus on conducting toxicological studies, clinical trials, and mechanistic investigations. These efforts will enable a comprehensive exploration of its pharmacological properties and potential applications in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lois Adetunji
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | | | - Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Mmbulaheni Ramulondi
- Department of Science Access, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martins Fernandes Pereira K, Calheiros de Carvalho A, André Moura Veiga T, Melgoza A, Bonne Hernández R, dos Santos Grecco S, Uchiyama Nakamura M, Guo S. The psychoactive effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken leaves in young zebrafish. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264987. [PMID: 35263358 PMCID: PMC8906576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (BP) is a plant that is used worldwide to treat inflammation, infections, anxiety, restlessness, and sleep disorders. While it is known that BP leaves are rich in flavonoids, the extent of the beneficial and toxic effects of its crude extracts remains unclear. Although some neurobehavioral studies using leaf extracts have been conducted, none has examined the effects of water-extracted leaf samples. The zebrafish is a powerful animal model used to gain insights into the efficacy and toxicity profiles of this plant due to its high fecundity, external development, and ease of performing behavioral assays. In this study, we performed behavioral testing after acute exposure to different concentrations of aqueous extract from leaves of B. pinnatum (LABP) on larval zebrafish, investigating light/dark preference, thigmotaxis, and locomotor activity parameters under both normal and stressed conditions. LABP demonstrated dose-and time-dependent biphasic effects on larval behavior. Acute exposure (25 min) to 500 mg/L LABP resulted in decreased locomotor activity. Exposure to 300 mg/L LABP during the sleep cycle decreased dark avoidance and thigmotaxis while increasing swimming velocity. After sleep deprivation, the group treated with 100 mg/L LABP showed decreased dark avoidance and increased velocity. After a heating stressor, the 30 mg/L and 300 mg/L LABP-treated groups showed decreased dark avoidance. These results suggest both anxiolytic and psychoactive effects of LABP in a dose-dependent manner in a larval zebrafish model. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying relevant behavioral effects, consequently supporting the safe and effective use of LABP for the treatment of mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassia Martins Fernandes Pereira
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs in Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Adam Melgoza
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs in Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Raúl Bonne Hernández
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Environmental Toxicology–LABITA, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Diadema. SP. Brazil
| | | | | | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Programs in Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dos Reis SL, Gelfuso EA, Fachin AL, Pereira AMS, Beleboni RO. Pharmacological characterisation of anticonvulsant effects elicited by erythrartine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:93-97. [PMID: 33791806 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The erythrinan alkaloids erythravine and 11α-hydroxy-erythravine from Erythrina verna (Vell.) have been extensively investigated for their anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. Both are structurally similar to the erythrartine that also exhibit anxiolytic effects, but there is no report on its anticonvulsant potential. Since some anxiolytic drugs can be useful in the management of epileptic seizures, we investigated whether erythrartine could prevent seizures induced by different chemoconvulsants. METHODS Experiments were performed using different concentrations of erythrartine injected via intracerebroventricular in rats submitted to pilocarpine, kainic acid, pentylenetetrazol or picrotoxin-induced seizures. Moreover, the rotarod test was performed to verify the effects of erythrartine on animal motor coordination. RESULTS Our data showed for the first time that erythrartine prevented the occurrence of seizures induced by all of the chemoconvulsants tested and did not affect locomotor performance neither produced sedative effect on animals. CONCLUSION Obtained results validate the ethnopharmacological significance of E. verna and provide new information on erythrartine, another erythrinian alkaloid of biotechnological and medicinal interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica A Gelfuso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI (Laboratoire de Traitement du Signal de l'Image), France
| | - Ana Lúcia Fachin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renê O Beleboni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dantas-Medeiros R, Furtado AA, Zanatta AC, Torres-Rêgo M, Guimarães Lourenço EM, Ferreira Alves JS, Galinari É, Alexandre de Oliveira Rocha H, Bernardo Guerra GC, Vilegas W, Antônio de Sousa Araújo T, de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa M, Zucolotto SM. Mass spectrometry characterization of Commiphora leptophloeos leaf extract and preclinical evaluation of toxicity and anti-inflammatory potential effect. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113229. [PMID: 32810623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B. Gillett (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant native from the brazilian northeast caatinga biome, known popularly as "imburana" or "imburana-de-cambão". The leaves of C. leptophloeos are widely used in folk medicine in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. However, there is no scientific evidence to justify their popular use. AIM OF THE STUDY This approach aimed to characterize the phytochemical profile of hydroethanolic leaf extract, as well as evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential activity and to investigate the acute toxicity with pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo methodologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical profile was characterized by UPLC-MS and FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS. The in vitro anti-inflammatory potential the hydroethanolic extract of C. leptophloeos (1, 10, 100 and 200 μg/mL) was investigated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide assay, in order to analyze the potential decrease of nitric oxide (NO) production. For carrageenan-induced paw edema and zymosan-induced air pouch models, the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administrated by intragastric gavage (i.g.) route and used for evaluating the anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Related to the first animal model, the antiedematogenic activity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels could be investigated. In addition, the zymosan-induced air pouch model allowed the analyses of leukocytes migration, total MPO, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-10) levels. The toxicity in vitro of the extract (1, 10, 100 and 200 μg/mL) was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and acute toxicity in vivo was tested using the extract at 2000 mg/kg by i. g. route. RESULTS The phytochemical analyses of C. leptophloeos leaf extract pointed the presence of six glycosylated flavonoids, identified as orientin, isoorientin, vitexin and isovitexin, quercetrin and isoquercitrin. A decrease of NO in vitro was noticed by the use of the extract in the LPS-induced nitric oxide assay and an expressive reduction of the paw-edema followed by a decrease of myeloperoxidase activity at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The zymosan-induced air pouch model indicated that the extract, in all doses, significantly reduced the leukocytes migration, total protein concentration, MPO and MDA levels. The levels of cytokines were verified by the administration of extract in this model, revealing a lower of TNF-α level and an increase of the IL-10 production. In the toxicity study, the MTT assay evidenced no cytotoxicity of the tested concentrations and acute toxicity in vivo test did not result in any sign of toxicity and mortality or significant changes on the biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION Based on these results, is possible suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity revealed in this approach can be related to the modulating the level of cytokine, decrease of TNF-α, increase of IL-10 in vivo and also the inhibition of the production of nitric oxide RAW 264.7 activated by LPS. These results demonstrate the potential anti-inflammatory effect C. leptophloeos leaf extrat in inflammatory in vivo models, supporting its use in folk medicine for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Finally, glycosylated flavonoids can be responsible, at least in part, for this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Dantas-Medeiros
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Allanny Alves Furtado
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Zanatta
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Bioprospecting of Natural Products, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Coastal Campus of São Vicente, São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Estela Mariana Guimarães Lourenço
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jovelina Samara Ferreira Alves
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil
| | - Éder Galinari
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, S/N, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Alexandre de Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Natural Polymers Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Salgado Filho, 59078-970, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue Salgado Filho, Natal, 59072-970, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Laboratory of Bioprospecting of Natural Products, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Coastal Campus of São Vicente, São Vicente, 11330-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, 59012-570, Natal, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extracts of Thirteen Cameroonian Antibacterial Dietary Plants. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8886762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study falls within the search for alternative solutions to problems related to diseases associated with oxidative stress. It involved the evaluation of antioxidant activities extracts from thirteen antibacterial Cameroonian food plants, namely, P. nigrum, A. cruentus, L. sativa, S. edule, S. nigrum, V. amygdalina, A. hybridus, V. hymenolepis, L. capensis, M. esculenta, C. melo, T. occidentalis, and T. triangulare. The thirteen plant extracts with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity all showed total reducing powers ranging between 2.41 and 27.81 AAE (mg ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract) and total phenol contents between 2.65 and 35.03 GAE (mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract) of dry extract. Except for extracts of L. capensis, the other 12 extracts showed flavonoid contents ranging between 0.29 and 5.99 RE (rutin equivalents per gram of dried extract). All 13 plant extracts also showed free radical scavenging activity against DPPH· with IC50 ranging between 1.65 and 310.52 μg/ml, while 12 of these extracts exhibited inhibitory activity against NO· radical (IC50 ranging from 19.77 to 157.72 μg/ml). Statistically insignificant positive correlations (
) were found between antibacterial activities of these plants and their antioxidant activities. The different results of this study provide scientific evidence for the use of these antibacterial food plants in the control of different conditions associated with oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kalanchoe laciniata and Bryophyllum pinnatum: an updated review about ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
7
|
Rehman S, Ashfaq UA, Ijaz B, Riazuddin S. Anti-hepatitis C virus activity and synergistic effect of Nymphaea alba extracts and bioactive constituents in liver infected cells. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:198-209. [PMID: 29775725 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Without an effective vaccine, hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a global threat, inflicting 170-300 million carriers worldwide at risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Though various direct acting antivirals have been redeemed the hepatitis C treatment, a few restraints persist including possible side effects, viral resistance emergence, excessive cost which restricts its availability to a common person. HYPOTHESIS There is no preventive HCV vaccine available today so the discovery of potent antiviral natural flora and their bioactive constituents may help to develop preventive cures against HCV infection. STUDY DESIGN In current study, we aim to clarify anti-HCV activity of methanol and acetone extracts along with the purified fractions of Pakistani local plant, Nymphaea alba L (N. alba) using Huh-7 cell line as transfection model. Synergistic study of purified fractions with interferon was performed using MDBK cell line (expressing interferon receptors) as transfection model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recent study by our research group has observed potent anti-HCV NS3 protease activity of methanol and acetone extracts of N. alba. Effect of N. alba extracts, its fractions precisely, the N1 and N8 fractions on HCV replication was demonstrated by analyzing viral gene expression using in vitro transfection model. Considering NS3 protease as a dynamic drug target, fourteen phytochemicals of N. alba were selected as ligands for interaction with NS3 protein using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software. Boceprevir, FDA approved NS3 protease inhibitor, was used as standard for comparative study in docking screening. RESULTS Herein we report 84% and 94% reduction of 3a genotype of HCV NS3/4A gene expression at mRNA level at non-toxic concentration. Specifically, two fractions 'N1' & 'N8' isolated from acetone extract suppressed HCV NS3 gene expression in transfected target cells with an EC50 value of 37 ± 0.03 μg/ml and 20 ± 0.02 μg/ml respectively. Similarly, viral genotype 1a replication is strongly suppressed in target cells by N. alba flower extracts and purified fractions. Moreover, combination of fractions with standard antiviral drug displayed synergistic effects for inhibition of HCV replication. Phytochemicals including Isoquercetin, Hyperoside, Quercetin, Reynoutrin, Apigenin and Isokaempferide displayed minimum binding energies as compared to standard protease inhibitor. CONCLUSION N. alba and its purified phytochemicals with new scaffolds might significantly serve as valuable and alternative regimen against HCV either alone or in combination with other potential anti-HCV agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Rehman
- Translational Genomics Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Dean Post Graduate Study, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Batool R, Kalsoom A, Akbar I, Arshad N, Jamil N. Antilisterial Effect of Rosa damascena and Nymphaea alba in Mus musculus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4543723. [PMID: 29607320 PMCID: PMC5828332 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4543723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was proposed to investigate the toxicological and prophylactic potential of ethanolic extracts of Rosa damascena and Nymphaea alba and their mixture in albino mice. For toxicity study, three different doses of plant extracts were orally administrated to three groups of mice for 14 successive days. Blood biochemistry and histological examinations of liver and kidney revealed that these extracts had no harmful effects up to 1000 mg/kg. To determine the prophylactic effects of Rosa damascena, Nymphaea alba, and their mixture, an infection model of Listeria monocytogenes was established in a pilot study. Establishment of infection was confirmed by changes in haematological parameters and reisolation of Listeria monocytogenes from different tissues. Results showed that these extracts alone or in combination could restrict the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in different organs. Neutrophils were high in positive control group but remained in normal range in all treated groups. Listeria monocytogenes was recovered in low numbers from animals treated with extract of single plant but was negligible in group treated with mixture of extract of plants. Platelets count was increased in treated groups as compared to control. Results confirmed that these extracts are potent source of antimicrobial compounds and that they have synergistic effect in combined form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rida Batool
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Kalsoom
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Akbar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Najma Arshad
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Jamil
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodrigues E, Barnes J. Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines: the potential contributions of ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies. Drug Saf 2013; 36:1-12. [PMID: 23315291 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-012-0005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Typically, ethnobotanical/ethnopharmacological (EB/EP) surveys are used to describe uses, doses/dosages, sources and methods of preparation of traditional herbal medicines; their application to date in examining the adverse effects, contraindications and other safety aspects of these preparations is limited. From a pharmacovigilance perspective, numerous challenges exist in applying its existing methods to studying the safety profile of herbal medicines, particularly where used by indigenous cultures. This paper aims to contribute to the methodological aspects of EB/EP field work, and to extend the reach of pharmacovigilance, by proposing a tool comprising a list of questions that could be applied during interview and observational studies. The questions focus on the collection of information on the safety profile of traditional herbal medicines as it is embedded in traditional knowledge, as well as on identifying personal experiences (spontaneous reports) of adverse or undesirable effects associated with the use of traditional herbal medicines. Questions on the precise composition of traditional prescriptions or 'recipes', their preparation, storage, administration and dosing are also included. Strengths and limitations of the tool are discussed. From this interweaving of EB/EP and pharmacovigilance arises a concept of ethnopharmacovigilance for traditional herbal medicines: the scope of EB/EP is extended to include exploration of the potential harmful effects of medicinal plants, and the incorporation of pharmacovigilance questions into EB/EP studies provides a new opportunity for collection of 'general' traditional knowledge on the safety of traditional herbal medicines and, importantly, a conduit for collection of spontaneous reports of suspected adverse effects. Whether the proposed tool can yield data sufficiently rich and of an appropriate quality for application of EB/EP (e.g. data verification and quantitative analysis tools) and pharmacovigilance techniques (e.g. causality assessment and data mining) requires field testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies (CEE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Arthur Riedel, Diadema, SP, 275-09972-270, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Noumedem JAK, Mihasan M, Lacmata ST, Stefan M, Kuiate JR, Kuete V. Antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of ten Cameroonian vegetables against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:26. [PMID: 23368430 PMCID: PMC3598735 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many edible plants are used in Cameroon since ancient time to control microbial infections. This study was designed at evaluating the antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of ten Cameroonian vegetables against a panel of twenty nine Gram negative bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. METHODS The broth microdilution method was used to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and the Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) of the studied extracts. When chloramphenicol was used as a reference antibiotic, the MICs were also determined in the presence of Phenylalanine-Arginine β-Naphtylamide (PAβN), an efflux pumps inhibitor (EPI). The phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed using standard methods. RESULTS All tested extracts exhibited antibacterial activities, with the MIC values varying from 128 to 1024 mg/L. The studied extracts showed large spectra of action, those from L. sativa, S. edule, C. pepo and S. nigrum being active on all the 29 bacterial strains tested meanwhile those from Amaranthus hybridus, Vernonia hymenolepsis, Lactuca.carpensis and Manihot esculenta were active on 96.55% of the strains used. The plant extracts were assessed for the presence of large classes of secondary metabolites: alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenes. Each studied plant extract was found to contain compounds belonging to at least two of the above mentioned classes. CONCLUSION These results confirm the traditional claims and provide promising baseline information for the potential use of the tested vegetables in the fight against bacterial infections involving MDR phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaurès AK Noumedem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Stephen T Lacmata
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Marius Stefan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Jules R Kuiate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thippeswamy B, Mishra B, Veerapur V, Gupta G. Anxiolytic activity of Nymphaea alba Linn. in mice as experimental models of anxiety. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43:50-5. [PMID: 21455422 PMCID: PMC3062121 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.75670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of an ethanolic extract of Nymphaea alba Linn. in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The elevated plus maze test (EPMT), light and dark test (L and DT) and open field test (OFT) were used to assess the anxiolytic activity of the ethanolic extract of N. alba Linn. in mice. In addition, aggressive behavior and motor coordination was also assessed by foot shock induced aggression test (FSIAT) and rota rod test (RRT). Diazepam 1 mg/kg served as a standard anxiolytic drug, administered orally. RESULTS The ethanolic extract of N. alba (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the percentage of time spent and number of entries in open arm in EPMT. In L and DT, the extract produced significant increase in time spent, number of crossing and decrease in the duration of immobility in light box. In OFT, the extract showed significant increase in number of rearings, assisted rearings and number of square crossed, all of which are demonstrations of exploratory behavior. In FSIAT, N. alba extract attenuated aggressive behavior related to anxiolytic activity, such as number of vocalization, leaps, rearing, biting/attacks and facing each other in paired mice. Furthermore, the extract produced skeletal muscle relaxant effect assessed by RRT. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that an ethanolic extract of N. alba may possess anxiolytic activity and provide a scientific evidence for its traditional claim.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B.S. Thippeswamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur - 572 102, Karnataka, India
| | - Brijesh Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur - 572 102, Karnataka, India
| | - V.P. Veerapur
- Quality Assurance, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur - 572 102, Karnataka, India
| | - Gourav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur - 572 102, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|