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Yokomizo T. Hematopoietic cluster formation: an essential prelude to blood cell genesis. Exp Hematol 2024:104284. [PMID: 39032856 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Adult blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the origin of which can be traced back to fetal developmental stages. Indeed, during mouse development, at days 10-11 of gestation, the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is a primary site of HSC production, with characteristic cell clusters related to stem cell genesis observed in the dorsal aorta. Similar clusters linked with hematopoiesis are also observed in the other sites such as the yolk sac and placenta. In this review, I outline the formation and function of these clusters, focusing on the well-characterized intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters (IAHCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomasa Yokomizo
- Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Lutze G, Haarmann A, Demanou Toukam JA, Buttler K, Wilting J, Becker J. Non-canonical WNT-signaling controls differentiation of lymphatics and extension lymphangiogenesis via RAC and JNK signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4739. [PMID: 30894622 PMCID: PMC6426866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of lymphatics takes place during embryogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, and cancer. We previously showed that Wnt5a is an essential regulator of lymphatic development in the dermis of mice, however, the mechanisms of action remained unclear. Here, whole-mount immunostaining shows that embryonic day (ED) 18.5 Wnt5a-null mice possess non-functional, cyst-like and often blood-filled lymphatics, in contrast to slender, interconnected lymphatic networks of Wnt5a+/- and wild-type (wt) mice. We then compared lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) proliferation during ED 12.5, 14.5, 16.5 and 18.5 between Wnt5a-/-, Wnt5a+/- and wt-mice. We did not observe any differences, clearly showing that Wnt5a acts independently of proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed multiple defects of LECs in Wnt5a-null mice, such as malformed inter-endothelial junctions, ruffled cell membrane, intra-luminal bulging of nuclei and cytoplasmic processes. Application of WNT5A protein to ex vivo cultures of dorsal thoracic dermis from ED 15.5 Wnt5a-null mice induced flow-independent development of slender, elongated lymphatic networks after 2 days, in contrast to controls showing an immature lymphatic plexus. Reversely, the application of the WNT-secretion inhibitor LGK974 on ED 15.5 wt-mouse dermis significantly prevented lymphatic network elongation. Correspondingly, tube formation assays with human dermal LECs in vitro revealed increased tube length after WNT5A application. To study the intracellular signaling of WNT5A we used LEC scratch assays. Thereby, inhibition of autocrine WNTs suppressed horizontal migration, whereas application of WNT5A to inhibitor-treated LECs promoted migration. Inhibition of the RHO-GTPase RAC, or the c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK significantly reduced migration, whereas inhibitors of the protein kinase ROCK did not. WNT5A induced transient phosphorylation of JNK in LECs, which could be inhibited by RAC- and JNK-inhibitors. Our data show that WNT5A induces formation of elongated lymphatic networks through proliferation-independent WNT-signaling via RAC and JNK. Non-canonical WNT-signaling is a major mechanism of extension lymphangiogenesis, and also controls differentiation of lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Lutze
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Haarmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jules A Demanou Toukam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Buttler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Carmona R, Guadix JA, Cano E, Ruiz-Villalba A, Portillo-Sánchez V, Pérez-Pomares JM, Muñoz-Chápuli R. The embryonic epicardium: an essential element of cardiac development. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:2066-72. [PMID: 20477903 PMCID: PMC3822997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium has recently been identified as an active and essential element of cardiac development. Recent reports have unveiled a variety of functions performed by the embryonic epicardium, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating them. However, despite its developmental importance, a number of unsolved issues related to embryonic epicardial biology persist. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge about (i) the ontogeny and evolution of the epicardium, including a discussion on the evolutionary origins of the proepicardium (the epicardial primordium), (ii) the nature of epicardial–myocardial interactions during development, known to be essential for myocardial growth and maturation, and (iii) the contribution of epicardially derived cells to the vascular and connective tissue of the heart. We will finish with a note on the relationships existing between the primordia of the viscera and their coelomic epithelial lining. We would like to suggest that at least a part of the properties of the embryonic epicardium are shared by many other coelomic cell types, such that the role of epicardium in cardiac development is a particular example of a more general mechanism for the contribution of coelomic and coelomic-derived cells to the morphogenesis of organs such as the liver, kidneys, gonads or spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carmona
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Chatterjee T, Sarkar RS, Dhot PS, Kumar S, Kumar VK. Adult Stem Cell Plasticity: Dream or Reality? Med J Armed Forces India 2010; 66:56-60. [PMID: 27365706 PMCID: PMC4920888 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(10)80095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Chatterjee
- Senior Advisor (Pathology and Haematopathology), Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi Cantt-10
| | | | - PS Dhot
- Brig (Med), HQ (CC), Lucknow
| | - S Kumar
- Reader (Department of Transfusion Medicine), AFMC, Pune
| | - VK Kumar
- Senior Advisor (Pathology), Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata
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Yokomizo T, Takahashi S, Mochizuki N, Kuroha T, Ema M, Wakamatsu A, Shimizu R, Ohneda O, Osato M, Okada H, Komori T, Ogawa M, Nishikawa SI, Ito Y, Yamamoto M. Characterization of GATA-1(+) hemangioblastic cells in the mouse embryo. EMBO J 2006; 26:184-96. [PMID: 17159898 PMCID: PMC1782368 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemangioblasts are thought to be one of the sources of hematopoietic progenitors, yet little is known about their localization and fate in the mouse embryo. We show here that a subset of cells co-expressing the hematopoietic marker GATA-1 and the endothelial marker VE-cadherin localize on the yolk sac blood islands at embryonic day 7.5. Clonal analysis demonstrated that GATA-1(+) cells isolated from E7.0-7.5 embryos include a common precursor for hematopoietic and endothelial cells. Moreover, this precursor possesses primitive and definitive hematopoietic bipotential. By using a transgenic complementation rescue approach, GATA-1(+) cell-derived progenitors were selectively restored in Runx1-deficient mice. In the rescued mice, definitive erythropoiesis was recovered but the rescued progenitors did not display multilineage hematopoiesis or intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters. These results provide evidence of the presence of GATA-1(+) hemangioblastic cells in the extra-embryonic region and also their functional contribution to hematopoiesis in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomasa Yokomizo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan. Tel.: +81 29 853 7516; Fax: +81 29 853 6965; E-mail:
| | - Naomi Mochizuki
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuroha
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Asami Wakamatsu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Shimizu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- JST-ERATO Environmental Response Project, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motomi Osato
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Oncology Research Institute, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hitoshi Okada
- Cancer Institute, Kami-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Minetaro Ogawa
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Minatojima-minamicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nishikawa
- Riken Center for Developmental Biology, Minatojima-minamicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Oncology Research Institute, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- JST-ERATO Environmental Response Project, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for TARA, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan. Tel.: +81 29 853 6158; Fax: +81 29 853 7318; E-mail:
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Ema M, Yokomizo T, Wakamatsu A, Terunuma T, Yamamoto M, Takahashi S. Primitive erythropoiesis from mesodermal precursors expressing VE-cadherin, PECAM-1, Tie2, endoglin, and CD34 in the mouse embryo. Blood 2006; 108:4018-24. [PMID: 16926294 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-012872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin, PECAM-1 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, CD31), Tie2, CD34, and endoglin are established markers for adult and embryonic endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we report that the expression of these EC markers is initiated in the extraembryonic region at the late-streak stage (nominal stage E6.75). Immunohistochemical analysis shows that EC marker-positive cells arise in a subset of Flk1 (VEGF-R2) mesodermal cells. In contrast, GATA1, a marker for primitive erythropoietic progenitors, is expressed in a more restricted subset of Flk1-positive cells. Using flow cytometry, we observed that the GATA1-positive cell population existed as a subset of the EC marker-positive cell. Consistent with this notion, we showed with the primitive hematopoietic colony assay that primitive erythropoietic progenitors are enriched in PECAM-1- and Tie2-positive cells. These results suggest that primitive hematopoietic cells arise from EC marker-positive cells. Thus, VE-cadherin, PECAM-1, CD34, endoglin, and Tie2 are expressed not only in adult and embryonic ECs but in extraembryonic Flk1-positive cells during gastrulation. The latter cell population includes progenitors that give rise to primitive hematopoietic cells, suggesting that primitive and definitive hematopoietic cells in the mouse embryo arise from EC marker-positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
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Ramírez-Bergeron DL, Runge A, Adelman DM, Gohil M, Simon MC. HIF-dependent hematopoietic factors regulate the development of the embryonic vasculature. Dev Cell 2006; 11:81-92. [PMID: 16824955 PMCID: PMC3145415 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) regulate adaptive responses to changes in oxygen (O(2)) tension during embryogenesis, tissue ischemia, and tumorigenesis. Because HIF-deficient embryos exhibit a number of developmental defects, the precise role of HIF in early vascular morphogenesis has been uncertain. Using para-aortic splanchnopleural (P-Sp) explant cultures, we show that deletion of the HIF-beta subunit (ARNT) results in defective hematopoiesis and the inhibition of both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. These defects are rescued upon the addition of wild-type Sca-1(+) hematopoietic cells or recombinant VEGF. Arnt(-/-) embryos exhibit reduced levels of VEGF protein and increased numbers of apoptotic hematopoietic cells. These results suggest that HIF coordinates early endothelial cell emergence and vessel development by promoting hematopoietic cell survival and paracrine growth factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Ramírez-Bergeron
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Anja Runge
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - David M. Adelman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mercy Gohil
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - M. Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Corresponding Author: M. Celeste Simon, Ph.D., Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 456 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, TEL: 215-746-5532, FAX: 215-746-5511,
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Suonpää P, Kohonen P, Koskela K, Koskiniemi H, Salminen-Mankonen H, Lassila O. Development of Early PCLP1-Expressing Haematopoietic Cells within the Avian Dorsal Aorta. Scand J Immunol 2005; 62:218-23. [PMID: 16179008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) develop in the dorsal aorta as haematopoietic intra-aortic clusters (HIAC). To evaluate the initial steps of definitive haematopoiesis, we have studied the emergence and the expression profile of podocalyxin-like protein 1 (PCLP1)-expressing cells in early chick embryos. Here we demonstrate that at embryonic day 2 (E2), the PCLP1+ cells are present in the splanchnic mesoderm and in the ventral lining of the paired dorsal aorta. Following aortic fusion at E3, the PCLP1-expressing cells are exclusively found in the aortic floor and as the development proceeds, both the haematopoietic clusters and the aortic endothelial cells express PCLP1. In parallel with the early PCLP1 expression, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) expression was detected in the splanchnopleura and thereafter in the densely packed mesenchymal cells beneath the HIAC. The microarray analyses of early E3 PCLP1+ cells revealed elevated expression of genes known to be involved in the stem cell function. These data suggest that splanchnopleura-derived PCLP1-expressing cells give rise to the earliest definitive haematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Suonpää
- Turku Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Cogle CR, Scott EW. The hemangioblast: Cradle to clinic. Exp Hematol 2004; 32:885-90. [PMID: 15504543 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Revised: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the embryo, the mesodermal precursor cell, the hemangioblast, gives rise to blood and blood vessels. During adult life, the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) also exhibits this bipotential hemangioblast activity, serving as a rich source for circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). As a result of this finding, many questions have arisen as to whether the adult HSC is involved in the day-to-day maintenance of tissues, what mechanisms influence this adult hemangioblast activity, and whether blood vessels harbor hematopoietic capability. In answering these questions, the power of adult hemangioblast activity could be harnessed to evaluate and treat diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, and blindness. Enumeration of activated EPCs aims to alert the patient as to the severity of their disease, predict response to therapy, and gauge for relapse potential. Identification of hemangioblast stimulatory or inhibitory cues would allow physicians to regulate neovascularization in their patient, augmenting vessel production in situations of hypo-proliferation such as wound healing and inhibiting vessel production in situations of hyper-proliferation such as cancer. Finally, given that EPCs home to sites of new blood vessel growth, genetic engineering of harvested HSC or EPC offers the potential to deliver vasoregulatory factors directly to sites of neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Cogle
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, Fla., USA
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Wessels A, Pérez-Pomares JM. The epicardium and epicardially derived cells (EPDCs) as cardiac stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 276:43-57. [PMID: 14699633 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.10129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
After its initial formation the epicardium forms the outermost cell layer of the heart. As a result of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) individual cells delaminate from this primitive epicardial epithelium and migrate into the subepicardial space (Pérez-Pomares et al., Dev Dyn 1997; 210:96-105; Histochem J 1998a;30:627-634). Several studies have demonstrated that these epicardially derived cells (EPDCs) subsequently invade myocardial and valvuloseptal tissues (Mikawa and Fischman, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:9504-9508; Mikawa and Gourdie, Dev Biol 1996;174:221-232; Dettman et al., Dev Biol 1998;193:169-181; Gittenberger de Groot et al., Circ Res 1998;82:1043-1052; Manner, Anat Rec 1999;255:212-226; Pérez-Pomares et al., Dev. Biol. 2002b;247:307-326). A subset of EPDCs continue to differentiate in a variety of different cell types (including coronary endothelium, coronary smooth muscle cells (CoSMCs), interstitial fibroblasts, and atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cells), whereas other EPDCs remain in a more or less undifferentiated state. Based on its specific characteristics, we consider the EPDC as the ultimate 'cardiac stem cell'. In this review we briefly summarize what is known about events that relate to EPDC development and differentiation while at the same time identifying some of the directions where EPDC-related research might lead us in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wessels
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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