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Lozinski J, Heidary SH, Brandon SCE, Komeili A. An Adaptive Pedaling Assistive Device for Asymmetric Torque Assistant in Cycling. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2846. [PMID: 36905050 PMCID: PMC10007182 DOI: 10.3390/s23052846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic loads have short and long-term effects in the rehabilitation of lower limb joints. However, an effective exercise program for lower limb rehabilitation has been debated for a long time. Cycling ergometers were instrumented and used as a tool to mechanically load the lower limbs and track the joint mechano-physiological response in rehabilitation programs. Current cycling ergometers apply symmetrical loading to the limbs, which may not reflect the actual load-bearing capacity of each limb, as in Parkinson's and Multiple Sclerosis diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a new cycling ergometer capable of applying asymmetric loads to the limbs and validate its function using human tests. The instrumented force sensor and crank position sensing system recorded the kinetics and kinematics of pedaling. This information was used to apply an asymmetric assistive torque only to the target leg using an electric motor. The performance of the proposed cycling ergometer was studied during a cycling task at three different intensities. It was shown that the proposed device reduced the pedaling force of the target leg by 19% to 40%, depending on the exercise intensity. This reduction in pedal force caused a significant reduction in the muscle activity of the target leg (p < 0.001), without affecting the muscle activity of the non-target leg. These results demonstrated that the proposed cycling ergometer device is capable of applying asymmetric loading to lower limbs, and thus has the potential to improve the outcome of exercise interventions in patients with asymmetric function in lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lozinski
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | | | - Amin Komeili
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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2
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Roohi B, Nemati S, Alipour A, Faeli L, Mayahi S, Haghani I, Shalchizadeh M, Darini A, Al-Hatmi AMS, Abastabar M, Shokohi T. Otomycosis: The foremost aetiological agent causing otitis externa and the antifungal susceptibility pattern in North-Western Iran. Mycoses 2023; 66:87-97. [PMID: 36134511 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otomycosis is considered a recurring fungal ear infection. The external auditory canal provides an appropriate and optimal situation for fungal growth. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to identify the causative agents of otomycosis and determine corresponding antifungal drug susceptibility patterns in north-western Iran. METHODS From October 2020 until November 2021, 200 patients attended an otolaryngology referral centre with otitis externa, and their ear discharge and debris were examined and cultured. The identification of the fungal agents was implemented by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates was conducted in accordance with the CLSI broth microdilution protocols. RESULTS The prevalence of otomycosis was measured 50.5% (n = 101/200). The majority of patients were in their forties (n = 35, 34.6%) and female (n = 57, 56.4%), and the most prevalent symptom was otalgia (56.4%). The most underlying factor was remarked manipulation employing a cotton swab (65.3%). Regarding fungus, Aspergillus section Nigri (58.57%) was the foremost isolate, followed by Aspergillus section Flavi (19.23%) and Candida parapsilosis (14.96%). The predominance of Aspergillus isolates had minimal in vitro sensitivity to tioconazole and nystatin. Candida species represented higher geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against nystatin. The MIC of three Aspergillus species isolates shown above the epidemiologic cut-off values (ECV) against itraconazole. CONCLUSIONS Otomycosis incidence surpassed in comparison with the previous study as the most common cause of otitis externa. The MIC distribution of Aspergillus species isolates against triazole antifungals is close to the defined ECVs and likely outrun it over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Roohi
- Communicable Diseases Institute, Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shadman Nemati
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Alipour
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Leila Faeli
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sabah Mayahi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Communicable Diseases Institute, Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Makan Shalchizadeh
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Darini
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- Natural & Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.,Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Communicable Diseases Institute, Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Communicable Diseases Institute, Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Gurov AV, Yushkina MA, Muzhichkova AV. [Actual issues of cerumenolysis]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2023; 88:9-13. [PMID: 37767585 DOI: 10.17116/otorino2022880419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The cerumen impaction is a pathological accumulation of earwax in the external auditory canal, which is accompanied by hearing loss, heaviness and discomfort in the ear, which leads to a significant decrease in the quality of life. The authors of the article consider the most common causes of excessive formation of cerumen, the mechanisms that prevent the normal separation of cerumen from the ear canal and the age-related features of the composition of earwax. The article discusses various ways to remove cerumen impaction, indications and contraindications to them. The authors conclude that the most effective and gentle way to evacuate sulfuric masses is the use of cerumenolytics, drugs that break down and thin the cerumen impaction, which facilitates its subsequent removal. Cerumenolytics based on plant components gently affect the skin of the outer ear, which allows them to be used for the purpose of hygiene of the ear canal and prevention of the formation of excess cerumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Gurov
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Sverzhevsky Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Yushkina
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Sverzhevsky Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Muzhichkova
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Sverzhevsky Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
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Flowers A, Pillay D. Sports audiology: Ear hygiene practices of gym users who wear earphones. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2021; 68:e1-e7. [PMID: 34342486 PMCID: PMC8335768 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v68i1.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advancements have facilitated the demand for electronic systems to track and measure progress during exercise activities. Electronic devices with music applications, such as iPods and smartphones, are popular during gym sessions as they support the ambiance to one's exercise programme. Earphones are the popular choice for the transmission of music to the gym user's ear. There is a direct correlation between the cardiovascular health and the aural health because of the effect of increased blood supply to the auditory system. Therefore, this research study explores the ear hygiene of gym users. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at determining the ear hygiene and middle-ear status of gym users who wore earphones whilst exercising. METHOD A purposive sampling method was adopted. Data were collected in two phases: phase 1 via a questionnaire and phase 2 included an otoscopic examination and tympanometry. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed. RESULTS Fifty-four participants were included. Ear hygiene was not a priority for all gym users. The results revealed that 87% of the participants randomly cleaned their ears; however, 59% were cleaning their earphones. The middle ear assessment indicated that 17% of the participants presented with pathological indicators. Participants requested for the implementation of educational programmes pertaining to infection control measures for proper ear hygiene. CONCLUSION There is a dearth of health and wellness educational programmes that include ear hygiene practices, necessitating the development of prevention and promotion programmes for this niche area in audiology. The need for guidelines pertaining to ear hygiene practices amongst gym users is vital to ensure that the auditory system is monitored and protected when individuals participate in exercise sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Flowers
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
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Bhardwaj S, Bhatia S, Singh S, Franco Jr F. Growing emergence of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and attenuation of its virulence using quorum sensing inhibitors: A critical review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:699-719. [PMID: 34630947 PMCID: PMC8487598 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.49151.11254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A perilous increase in the number of bacterial infections has led to developing throngs of antibiotics for increasing the quality and expectancy of life. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is becoming resistant to all known conventional antimicrobial agents thereby posing a deadly threat to the human population. Nowadays, targeting virulence traits of infectious agents is an alternative approach to antimicrobials that is gaining much popularity to fight antimicrobial resistance. Quorum sensing (QS) involves interspecies communication via a chemical signaling pathway. Under this mechanism, cells work in a concerted manner, communicate with each other with the help of signaling molecules called auto-inducers (AI). The virulence of these strains is driven by genes, whose expression is regulated by AI, which in turn acts as transcriptional activators. Moreover, the problem of antibiotic-resistance in case of infections caused by P. aeruginosa becomes more alarming among immune-compromised patients, where the infectious agents easily take over the cellular machinery of the host while hidden in the QS mediated biofilms. Inhibition of the QS circuit of P. aeruginosa by targeting various signaling pathways such as LasR, RhlR, Pqs, and QScR transcriptional proteins will help in blocking downstream signal transducers which could result in reducing the bacterial virulence. The anti-virulence agent does not pose an immediate selective pressure on growing bacterium and thus reduces the pathogenicity without harming the target species. Here, we review exclusively, the growing emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa and the critical literature survey of QS inhibitors with their potential application of blocking P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, SHALOM Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Naini, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sonam Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, SHALOM Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Naini, Prayagraj, India
| | - Shaminder Singh
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad - 121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Francisco Franco Jr
- Department of Chemistry, De La Salle University, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Merad Y, Derrar H, Belmokhtar Z, Belkacemi M. Aspergillus Genus and Its Various Human Superficial and Cutaneous Features. Pathogens 2021; 10:643. [PMID: 34071092 PMCID: PMC8224566 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial and cutaneous aspergillosis is a rare fungal disease that is restricted to the outer layers of the skin, nails, and the outer auditory canal, infrequently invading the deeper tissue and viscera, particularly in immunocompromised patients. These mycoses are acquired through two main routes: direct traumatic inoculation or inhalation of airborne fungal spores into paranasal sinuses and lungs. Lesions are classified into three categories: otomycosis, onychomycosis, and cutaneous aspergillosis. Superficial and cutaneous aspergillosis occurs less frequently and therefore remains poorly characterized; it usually involves sites of superficial trauma-namely, at or near intravenous entry catheter site, at the point of traumatic inoculation (orthopaedic inoculation, ear-self-cleaning, schizophrenic ear self-injuries), at surgery incision, and at the site of contact with occlusive dressings, especially in burn patients. Onychomycosis and otomycosis are more seen in immunocompetent patients, while cutaneous aspergillosis is widely described among the immunocompromised individuals. This paper is a review of related literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Merad
- Department Parasitology-Mycology, ‘Hassani Abdelkader’ Hospital, UDL Faculty of Medicine, Laboratoire de Synthèse de L’information Environementale, UDL, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria
| | - Hichem Derrar
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ‘Hassani Abdelkader’ Hospital, UDL Faculty of Medicine, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria;
| | - Zoubir Belmokhtar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, University Djilali Liabes, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria;
| | - Malika Belkacemi
- Department of Hemobiology and Blood Transfusion, ‘Hassani Abdelkader’ Hospital, UDL Faculty of Medecine, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria;
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Zhang S, Jin M, Zhou G, Zhang Y. Cerumen impaction was composed of abnormal exfoliation of keratinocytes that was correlated with infection. Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102340. [PMID: 31735444 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the exact composition and tried to be helpful in explaining the etiologic mechanism of cerumen impaction in the external auditory canal (EAC). METHODS A hundred impacted cerumen samples and 15 normal cerumen samples were collected by manual removal and divided into 2 groups. All samples were examined via microbial culture, hematoxylin-eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and fungal fluorescent staining. RESULTS Eighty-eight patients in group 1 were in the habit of using cotton buds. Forty-seven impacted cerumen samples tested positive for microbes, while only 1 sample of normal cerumen tested positive for microbes (p < .05). The most commonly isolated bacterium and fungus was Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus terreus respectively. All cerumen samples were composed of exfoliated keratinocytes and microorganisms assessed via pathologic examination. However, unlike normal cerumen, impacted cerumen contained nucleated keratinocytes and infiltrated neutrophils. Recurrent impaction was found only among patients who tested mold culture-positive. CONCLUSION Impacted cerumen is composed of abnormal exfoliated keratinocytes that was correlated with microbial-induced neutrophil-mediated inflammation. Mold infection is highly correlated with recurrent cerumen impaction. Microbial culture of removed impacted cerumen is strongly recommended. Ear cleaning with cotton buds, particularly when the EAC is wet might be one of the important causes of cerumen impaction which is need further studied. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoude Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Mao Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guojin Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhang
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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The Prevalence and Severity of External Auditory Exostosis in Young to Quadragenarian-Aged Warm-Water Surfers: A Preliminary Study. Sports (Basel) 2020; 8:sports8020017. [PMID: 32033062 PMCID: PMC7077213 DOI: 10.3390/sports8020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
External auditory exostosis (EAE) has previously only been shown to occur in cold water surfers. We assessed young surfers living and surfing in Queensland, Australia, for EAE in water temp ranges from 20.6 °C (69.1 °F, Winter) to 28.2 °C (82.8 °F, Summer). All participants underwent a bilateral otoscopic examination to assess the presence and severity of EAE. A total of 23 surfers participated with a mean age of 35.4 years (8.3 years) and a mean surfing experience of 20.0 years (9.9 years). Nearly two-thirds of participants (n = 14, 60.9%) had regular otological symptoms, most commonly water trapping (n = 13, 56.5%), pain (n = 8, 34.8%), and hearing loss (n = 6, 26.1%). Only 8.7% (n = 2) of all surfers reported regular use of protective equipment (e.g., earplugs) on a regular basis. The overall prevalence of exostosis was 69.6% (n = 16), and the majority (n = 12, 80.0%) demonstrated bilateral lesions of a mild grade (<33% obstruction of the external auditory canal). This is the first study assessing EAE in young surfers exposed to only warm waters (above 20.6 °C). The prevalence of EAE in this study highlights that EAE is not restricted to cold water conditions, as previously believed. Warm water surfing enthusiasts should be screened on a regular basis by their general medical practitioner and utilize prevention strategies such as earplugs to minimize exposure to EAE development.
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A revision of the conductive hearing loss in Cranium 4 from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos (Burgos, Spain). J Hum Evol 2019; 135:102663. [PMID: 31521027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathological conditions have been previously documented in the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins from northern Spain, and several of these have clear behavioral implications. Within this fossil assemblage, Cranium 4 shows bilateral external auditory exostoses which have been preliminarily interpreted as causing a significant hearing loss in this individual. If confirmed, this would be the oldest recorded case of deafness in human history and could have important implications for the antiquity of this condition, as well as social interactions. To further investigate this case, the current study presents 3D reconstructions of the entire outer and middle ear, based on computed tomography scans of both temporal bones in Cranium 4. We established the degree of stenosis in both external auditory canals, showing that in both cases the degree of stenosis is less than 52% of the original cross-sectional area of each canal. Based on clinical studies in living humans, the buildup of wax due to the degree of stenosis in Cranium 4 is unlikely to have caused frequent external ear infections. In addition, we estimated the pattern of sound power transmission up to 5 kHz in both ears relying on a comprehensive model developed in the bioengineering literature and which has been applied previously to the Sima de los Huesos hominins. The model was modified to account for the peculiar shape of the pathological external ear canals in Cranium 4. The results show that this pathology had little to no influence on the sound power transmission in this individual. Thus, we conclude that the exostoses present in both ears of Cranium 4 did not significantly affect their hearing.
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Bahramian A, Khoshnood S, Shariati A, Doustdar F, Chirani AS, Heidary M. Molecular characterization of the pilS2 gene and its association with the frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid pKLC102 and PAPI-1 pathogenicity island. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:221-227. [PMID: 30666137 PMCID: PMC6333160 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s188527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common opportunistic pathogen associated with a broad range of infections, including cystic fibrosis, ocular, otitis media, and burn infections. The aim of this study was to show the frequency of the pilS2 gene, and its association with P. aeruginosa plasmid pKLC102 and PAPI-1 pathogenicity island among P. aeruginosa strains. METHODS The samples were collected from patients with cystic fibrosis, ocular, otitis media, and burn infections between January 2016 and November 2017. DNA was extracted using the DNA extraction kit and was used for PCR assay. PCR with 4 primer-pairs including 976 F/PAPI-1R, 4542 F/intF, SojR/4541 F, and intF/sojR was performed to identify PAPI-1. pKLC102 was detected using three other primer-pairs including cp10F/cp10R, cp44F/cp44R, and cp97F/cp97R. RESULTS A total of 112 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from patients with cystic fibrosis (36), burn (20), otitis media (26), and ocular (30) infections. The results of PCR showed that pilS2 gene was identified in 96 (85%) strains. PAPI-1-attB integration was detected among 38 (33.9%) isolates and the circular form of PAPI-1 detected among 17 (14%) isolates. In addition, 79 (70.5%) strains were found to be positive for pKLC102. CONCLUSION We found that the majority of the isolates may be susceptible to transfer this significant island and the related element pKLC102 into recipient isolates lacking the island owing to high association of the PilS2 pilus with the islands in the studied strains. It is anticipated that strains isolated from burn and eye with the highest rate of PilS2, PAPI-1, and pKLC102 association have a high level of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghil Bahramian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnoosh Doustdar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Salimi Chirani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rao KA, Thomas S, Kumar JK, Narayan V. Prevalence of Dentinal Hypersensitivity and Dental Erosion among Competitive Swimmers, Kerala, India. Indian J Community Med 2019; 44:390-393. [PMID: 31802807 PMCID: PMC6881885 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_213_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Professional swimmers face a hidden occupational hazard due to improper maintenance of pool. Ill maintained pools can lead to erosive effects on dental health and thus needs to be evaluated. Methodology Fifty-six competitive swimmers from two training centers were contacted and surveyed for swimming exposure and oral health. A visual analog scale was used to rate the tooth sensitivity. Dental erosion and dental caries were recorded according to WHO oral health assessment criteria (2013). The dentinal hypersensitivity experience was assessed using the dentine hypersensitivity experience questionnaire - 15 (DHEQ-15). Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multivariate analysis. Results The prevalence of dentinal hypersensitivity and dental erosion was found to be 69.6% and 48.2%, respectively. The common surfaces affected by dental erosion were palatal surfaces of maxillary anterior, followed by lingual surfaces of mandibular anterior. There was a direct association between duration of the stay in pool and dental erosion. The DHEQ-15 questionnaire revealed that more than 80% of the participants never felt these sensations had any serious long-term effects on oral health. Conclusions Oral health professional must understand dental erosion among competitive swimmers as an occupational oral health hazard and provide early counseling and necessary invasive and noninvasive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arun Rao
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Susan Thomas
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Jishnu Krishna Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Kviatkovski I, Yarnitzky T, Shushan S, Schwartz-Harari O, Nir-Paz R, Helman Y. A bacterial biosensor encoding a genetically modified LuxR receptor exhibits improved detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa's biomarker molecule 2-aminoacetophenone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9218-9221. [PMID: 30065984 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03540g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
2-Aminoacetophneone (2-AA) is a volatile molecule produced in high amounts by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We have previously shown that 2-AA activates the quorum sensing (QS) LuxR receptor of Aliivibrio fischeri. In the present study we were able to improve LuxR's affinity and detection limit for 2-AA by genetic modification of three amino acids within the binding pocket of the receptor. Expression of the modified LuxR receptor in a luminescent bacterial biosensor provided an efficient detection assay of 2-AA in clinical P. aeruginosa strains isolated from blood and lung infections, as well as in phlegm samples obtained from subjects suffering from lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kviatkovski
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Seasonal variation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in culture positive otitis externa in South East England. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1811-1812. [PMID: 29976272 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis externa is the inflammation of the external auditory canal. The disease is common and shows a seasonal variation with a greater incidence in warmer months. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen in otitis externa and in this retrospective study, we show a corresponding seasonal variation in the proportional incidence of P. aeruginosa isolates from otitis externa in South East England. In total 7770 patients were diagnosed with otitis externa over a period of 9 years from January 2008 to December 2016. P. aeruginosa was isolated from 2802 patients (proportional incidence of 36%). Incidence was higher in the months of August, September and October and in patients between 5 and 15 years of age. We postulate a combination of increased contact with water during warm weather in the holiday season and increased rainfall in the preceding season as a putative mechanism for the seasonal trends.
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Kviatkovski I, Shushan S, Oron Y, Frumin I, Amir D, Secundo L, Livne E, Weissbrod A, Sobel N, Helman Y. Smelling Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections using a whole-cell biosensor - An alternative for the gold-standard culturing assay. J Biotechnol 2017; 267:45-49. [PMID: 29292129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Improved easy-to-use diagnostic tools for infections are in strong demand worldwide. Yet, despite dramatic advances in diagnostic technologies, the gold-standard remains culturing. Here we offer an alternative tool demonstrating that a bacterial biosensor can efficiently detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients suffering from otitis externa. Detection was based on specific binding between the biosensor and 2-aminoacetophenone (2-AA), a volatile produced by P. aeruginosa in high amounts. We collected pus samples from ears of 26 subjects exhibiting symptoms of otitis externa. Detection of P. aeruginosa using the biosensor was compared to detection using gold-standard culturing assay and to gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of 2-AA. The biosensor strain test matched the culture assay in 24 samples (92%) and the GC-MS analyses in 25 samples (96%). With this result in hand, we designed a device containing a whole-cell luminescent biosensor combined with a photo-multiplier tube. This device allowed detection of 2-AA at levels as low as 2 nmol, on par with detection level of GC-MS. The results of the described study demonstrate that the volatile 2-AA serves as an effective biomarker for P. aeruginosa in ear infections, and that activation of the biosensor strain by 2-AA provides a unique opportunity to design an easy-to-use device that can specifically detect P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kviatkovski
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sagit Shushan
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Hospital, Holon, Israel
| | - Yahav Oron
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Edith Wolfson Hospital, Holon, Israel; Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Idan Frumin
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel Amir
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lavi Secundo
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eitan Livne
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Aharon Weissbrod
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Noam Sobel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Helman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Gałązka-Franta A, Jura-Szołtys E, Smółka W, Gawlik R. Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases in Athletes in Different Sports Disciplines. J Hum Kinet 2016; 53:99-106. [PMID: 28149415 PMCID: PMC5260580 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper respiratory tract diseases in athletes are a very common medical problem. Training conditions in different sports disciplines increase the risk of upper respiratory disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heavy acute or chronic exercise is related to an increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in athletes. Regular physical exercise at high intensity may lead to transient immunosuppression due to high prevalence of allergic diseases in athletes. Regardless of the cause they can exclude athletes from the training program and significantly impair their performance. In the present work, the most common upper respiratory tract diseases in athletes taking into account the disciplines in which they most often occur were presented. The focus was laid on symptoms, diagnostic methods and pharmacotherapy. Moreover, preventive procedures which can help reduce the occurrence of upper respiratory tract disease in athletes were presented. Management according to anti-doping rules, criteria for return to training and competition as an important issues of athlete’s health were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Jura-Szołtys
- Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Smółka
- Clinical Department of Laryngology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Radosław Gawlik
- Chair and Clinical Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Kiakojuri K, Mahdavi Omran S, Jalili B, Hajiahmadi M, Bagheri M, Ferdousi Shahandashti E, Rajabnia R. Bacterial Otitis Externa in Patients Attending an ENT Clinic in Babol, North of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e23093. [PMID: 27127584 PMCID: PMC4841979 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute otitis externa, an inflammatory condition of the external auditory canal, is a common clinical problem in general medicine. Objectives This study aimed to determine the etiology of otitis externa in patients from the Mazandaran province, north of Iran, which has a humid climate, as humidity can affect the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study involved 116 patients with otitis externa. Two sets of samples were collected from their ears; one set was used for slide preparations, and the other for microbial culturing. After culturing, the microorganisms were identified by conventional methods. Results Patients between 35 and 44 years of age were most frequently affected (25.00%) by otitis externa (average age, 43.87 ± 18.08 years). Moreover, women (54.31%) were more frequently affected than men (45.69%). Upon direct investigation, Gram-positive bacilli were the most commonly identified microorganisms (22.41%). Furthermore, Bacillus spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci (22.41% and 19.83%, respectively), were the organisms most frequently identified from cultures of otitis externa samples. Conclusions Direct examination and culture showed that a mixed infection of fungi and bacteria is the most common cause of otitis externa. The present study revealed that Bacilli spp. were the most abundant bacteria isolated from patients with otitis externa. Thus, it is recommended that both organisms should be considered as etiologic agents in protocols for treatment of otitis externa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Kiakojuri
- Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Roohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Saeid Mahdavi Omran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Bahareh Jalili
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Mahmood Hajiahmadi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Meghdad Bagheri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | | | - Ramazan Rajabnia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ramazan Rajabnia, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 4717647745, Babol, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9112179434, Fax: +98-1132199936, E-mail:
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Llana-Belloch S, Priego Quesada JI, Pérez-Soriano P, Lucas-Cuevas ÁG, Salvador-Pascual A, Olaso-González G, Moliner-Martinez Y, Verdú-Andres J, Campins-Falco P, Gómez-Cabrera MC. Disinfection by-products effect on swimmers oxidative stress and respiratory damage. Eur J Sport Sci 2015; 16:609-17. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kazemi A, Majidinia M, Jaafari A, Ayatollahi Mousavi SA, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Alikhah H. Etiologic Agents of Otomycosis in the North-Western Area of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e21776. [PMID: 26495108 PMCID: PMC4609173 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otomycosis is a superficial fungal infection often involves the pinna and external auditory canal. It is a pathologic condition, with Candida and Aspergillus, the most common fungal species. It is common worldwide but more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the etiologic agents and local epidemiologic pattern of otomycosis in northwest Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS A series of 140 patients with clinically symptomatic otomycosis were studied in 21 cities, towns, and villages throughout northwest Iran between 2009 and 2011. Clinical samples were collected by swabs and then assessed by mycological investigation. RESULTS Otomycosis was diagnosed in 129 cases (92%, 76 male, 53 female) with the highest prevalence of cases occurring in males between 21 - 40 years of age. From an etiological point of view, 116 patients (90%, 21 - 40 years old) were infected by saprophytic mold and 9 patients (7%) were infected by yeast. Three cases (2%) involved dermatophytes, and in one case (1%) the subject was infected with Eurotium (the perfect stage of Aspergillus fumigatus). Aspergillus niger was the most common mold that was isolated, followed by A. flavus, A. fumigatus, Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus spp. A total of 2 yeasts belonging to genus Candida, C. albicans and C. tropicalis, were isolated. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a high prevalence of otomycosis in the northwestern area of Iran. As such, proper diagnosis and treatment by aseptic techniques for this disease is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolhassan Kazemi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Abbasali Jaafari
- Basic Science Department, International Branch, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Seyyed Amin Ayatollahi Mousavi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Alikhah
- Publication Office, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
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Kim SH. Pre- and post-operative clinical findings of tympanomastoid surgery in female divers (Haenyeo) of Jeju Island with chronic otitis media. Acta Otolaryngol 2015. [PMID: 26224115 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1066936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS A tympanomastoid surgery can control chronic otitis media (COM) and improve hearing effectively in Jeju women divers (Haenyeo) without any complications. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term results of tympanomastoid surgery in Haenyeo patients with COM to determine any link between their diving behavior and COM. METHODS The medical records of 207 COM patients who underwent tympanomastoid surgery were reviewed for demographic characteristics, etiologic analyses, pre- and post-operative hearing levels, types of tympanomastoid surgery with ossiculoplasty, and post-operative complications. The patients were divided into a 'Haenyeo COM group' of 98 patients and a 'general COM group' of 109, and followed up for at least 3 years. RESULTS In the audiologic study, the Haenyeo COM group showed a relatively larger pre-operative air-bone gap than the general COM group. There were no statistically significant differences in middle ear swab culture results, the rates of re-perforation of the tympanic membrane or re-operation, or the risk of post-operative complications between the two groups. However, the possibility of COM accompanying cholesteatoma was higher and the canal wall down mastoidectomy was more frequently performed in the Haenyeo COM group (both p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Kim
- a Division of Otology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital , Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Kiakojuri K, Rajabnia R, Jalili B, Khafri S, Omran SM. Otomycosis in Adolescent Patients Referred to the Therapeutic Centers in Babol City, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e17138. [PMID: 26060563 PMCID: PMC4458352 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(5)2015.17138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Otomycosis is an external ear canal infection caused by various fungi. This disease is prevalent in some tropical and subtropical regions or countries. Objectives: Given the crucial role of fungal agents in the treatment of the disease, the aim of the present study was to identify the fungi in ear canal of patients with otomycosis admitted to the hospitals in Babol City, Iran. Patients and Methods: This study included 56 patients with otomycosis. After removal of ear infectious samples, some of them were placed on the slides for direct examination and also a portion of them was plated on the Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol for fungal growth. The slides were studied for the presence of fungal elements. Conventional methods were performed to determine fungal colonies. Results: Thirty-three patients (55.36%) were female and the rest were male. Fungal elements were observed in 11 cases (19.64%) in the direct examination, alone, and 45 specimens (80.36%) had fungi and bacteria combined. Septate mycelia, with 43 cases, had the most frequent fungal elements in direct examination. Aspergillus and Candida genera were the prevalent fungal colonies in culture media. Conclusions: According to the role of different genera of fungi in the process of otomycosis, much attention on the macroscopic and microscopic examination of the samples leads to special treatment decisions of a physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Kiakojuri
- Department of ENT, Roohani Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Ramazan Rajabnia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Bahareh Jalili
- Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Saeid Mahdavi Omran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Saeid Mahdavi Omran, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9112141807, Fax: +98-1112199936, E-mail:
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Hakim DN, Pelly T, Kulendran M, Caris JA. Benign tumours of the bone: A review. J Bone Oncol 2015; 4:37-41. [PMID: 26579486 PMCID: PMC4620948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign tumours of the bone are not cancerous and would not metastasise to other regions of the body. However, they can occur in any part of the skeleton, and can still be dangerous as they may grow and compress healthy bone tissue. There are several types of benign tumours that can be classified by the type of matrix that the tumour cells produce; such as bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, fat or blood vessel. Overall, 8 different types can be distinguished: osteochondroma, osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumour, aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia and enchondroma. The incidence of benign bone tumours varies depending on the type. However, they most commonly arise in people less than 30 years old, often triggered by the hormones that stimulate normal growth. The most common type is osteochondroma. This review discusses the different types of common benign tumours of the bone based on information accumulated from published literature.
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Morbidity and outcomes of foreign travelers in Zakynthos island, Greece: a retrospective study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94416. [PMID: 24728297 PMCID: PMC3984145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although there is satisfactory recording of diseases affecting travelers visiting developing countries, little is known regarding morbidity of travelers when visiting developed countries. We sought to evaluate the morbidity of foreign travelers in Zakynthos, a popular Greek island attracting large number of foreign tourists every summer. Methods Data from foreign travelers that accommodated in Zakynthos and sought medical services from the private offices of Zante Medical Care from May 1 to October 30 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Two thousand six hundred and eighty-eight patients were included in the study. The mean age (±SD) of the patients whom the age was recorded was 29.6 (±18.3) and 51.5% of them were from 18 to 40 years old. Disorders of the respiratory tract (32.7%), dermatologic conditions (21.1%), musculoskeletal injuries (16.4%), and gastrointestinal disorders (16.3%) were the four most prevalent clinical categories among patients. Ear disorder was the most common syndromic description (14.5%) among which 81.2% were ear infections; otitis externa and otitis media were diagnosed in 8.5% and 3.3% patients in total. The most common specific diagnosis was gastroenteritis (14.3%). Insect bite and sunburn were the most common diagnosis (6.5% and 3.8%, respectively) among patients with a dermatologic condition. Ear infection was the most common diagnosis in pediatric patients. Conclusion Disorders mainly of the upper respiratory tract were the predominant causes of illness among foreign travelers in Zakynthos. Traveler's diarrhea was the most common specific diagnosis but the prevalence within the total population was not very high.
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Selcuk OT, Eraslan A, Osma U, Eren E, Eyigor H, Yilmaz MD. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo caused by swimming. Asian J Sports Med 2013; 5:71-2. [PMID: 24868435 PMCID: PMC4009091 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Tarık Selcuk
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
- Address: Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Muratpaşa, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ali Eraslan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Ustun Osma
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Emin Eren
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Hulya Eyigor
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Deniz Yilmaz
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Turkey
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Fernández-Luna Á, Burillo P, Felipe JL, Gallardo L, Tamaral FM. Concentración de cloro en el aire de las piscinas cubiertas y sus efectos en la salud de los trabajadores a pie de piscina. GACETA SANITARIA 2013; 27:411-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bruins MJ, Wijshake D, de Vries-van Rossum SV, Klein Overmeen RGJ, Ruijs GJHM. Otitis externa following aural irrigation linked to instruments contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Hosp Infect 2013; 84:222-6. [PMID: 23764317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of acute otitis externa, an infection of the external auditory canal, in general practitioners' (GP) practices in The Netherlands is about 14 per 1000 patients per year. In early 2010, one of the authors noted that some of the otitis externa patients in his GP practice had undergone cerumen removal by ear syringing a few weeks earlier. Bacterial cultures of samples taken from the instruments used showed contamination of an ear syringe by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From then on, P. aeruginosa isolates from patients' ears were stored in the laboratory. AIM It was assessed whether cross-contamination with P. aeruginosa between patients in the same GP practice could occur through the use of contaminated ear lavage instruments. METHODS From 17 GP practices, the otolaryngology Outpatient Department and the Out-of-Hours GP Service, instruments used for examining and cleaning the outer ear were swabbed. Strains of P. aeruginosa cultured from the instruments were genotyped together with isolates of patients registered in the same practice. FINDINGS In four practices where contaminated instruments were found, genotyping showed similarity between P. aeruginosa strains isolated from a patient and the ear syringe, and/or between strains of different patients in the same practice. CONCLUSIONS Transmission of P. aeruginosa from ear lavage instruments to patients appears to occur with otitis externa as a result. Together with the Infection Control Unit of our hospital we have formulated recommendations for the appropriate cleaning, disinfection and storage of re-usable ear lavage instruments for the GP practices to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bruins
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
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Evens RA, Bardsley B, C Manchaiah VK. Auditory complaints in scuba divers: an overview. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 64:71-8. [PMID: 23448900 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-1970s, diving was seen as a predominantly male working occupation. Since then it has become a popular hobby, with increasing access to SCUBA diving while on holiday. For a leisure activity, diving puts the auditory system at the risk of a wide variety of complaints. However, there is still insufficient consensus on the frequency of these conditions, which ultimately would require more attention from hearing-healthcare professionals. A literature search of epidemiology studies of eight auditory complaints was conducted, using both individual and large-scale diving studies, with some reference to large-scale non-diving populations . A higher incidence was found for middle ear barotrauma, eustachian tube dysfunction, and alternobaric vertigo with a high correlation among females. Comparing these findings with a non-diving population found no statistically significant difference for hearing loss or tinnitus. Increased awareness of health professionals is required, training, and implementation of the Frenzel technique would help resolve the ambiguities of the Valsalva technique underwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Evens
- College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK ; Hearing Services, Cheltenham General Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sandford Road, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, GL53 7AN UK
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Prevalence of otomycosis in Khouzestan Province, south-west Iran. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2012; 127:25-7. [PMID: 23164073 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215112002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of otomycosis and aetiological agents in Khouzestan province, south-west Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined and cultured 881 swabs from suspected external otitis cases, collected from throughout Khouzestan province. Fungal agents were identified by slide culture and complementary tests when necessary. RESULTS The mean patient age was 37 years. The 20-39 year age group had the highest prevalence of otomycosis: 293 cases, comprising 162 (55.3 per cent) women and 131 (44.7 per cent) men. The seasonal distribution of cases was: summer, 44.7 per cent; autumn, 28.7 per cent; winter, 14.7 per cent; and spring, 11.9 per cent. The fungal agents isolated were Aspergillus niger (67.2 per cent), Aspergillus flavus (13 per cent), Candida albicans (11.6 per cent), Aspergillus fumigatus (6.2 per cent) and penicillium species (2 per cent). CONCLUSION Fungal otomycosis is still one of the most important external ear diseases. In this study in south-west Iran, Aspergillus niger was the predominant aetiological agent. However, clinicians should be cautious of candidal otomycosis, which has a lower rate of incidence but is more prevalent among 20-39 year olds.
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Amagliani G, Parlani ML, Brandi G, Sebastianelli G, Stocchi V, Schiavano GF. Molecular detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in recreational water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2011; 22:60-70. [PMID: 21671204 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2011.588325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the development of a new molecular assay for Pseudomonas aeruginosa identification in recreational water. The method includes bacterial cell concentration through membrane filtration, a short (6 h) culture-enrichment step, DNA extraction and its amplification through a Real-Time PCR assay. The performance of the molecular approach was evaluated on 44 samples of swimming pool water and compared with the reference method UNI EN ISO 16266:2008. Positivity rates of 6% and 74% in pool and inlet water, respectively, with the standard culture method, and of 23% and 74% with the molecular method were found. Statistical analysis indicated "substantial agreement" (Cohen's Kappa index: 0.6831) between the two approaches. RAPD typing of P. aeruginosa isolates showed identical fingerprint profiles, indicating their epidemiological correlation. The developed protocol showed very high specificity and a detection limit of 10 genomic units. This technique has the potential to screen large numbers of environmental samples, and could be proposed as part of a self-monitoring plan for recreational facilities, improving surveillance and early warning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Amagliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
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Wu DC, Chan WW, Metelitsa AI, Fiorillo L, Lin AN. Pseudomonas skin infection: clinical features, epidemiology, and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2011; 12:157-69. [PMID: 21469761 DOI: 10.2165/11539770-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus that is most frequently associated with opportunistic infection, but which can also present in the otherwise healthy patient. The range of P. aeruginosa infections varies from localized infections of the skin to life-threatening systemic disease. Many P. aeruginosa infections are marked by characteristic cutaneous manifestations. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the current knowledge of cutaneous manifestations of P. aeruginosa infection with specific emphasis on clinical features and management. The ability of P. aeruginosa to rapidly acquire antibacterial resistance is an increasingly well recognized phenomenon, and the correct application of antipseudomonal therapy is therefore of the utmost importance. A detailed discussion of currently available anti-pseudomonal agents is included, and the benefits of antimicrobial combination therapy versus monotherapy are explored. Rapid clinical recognition of P. aeruginosa infection aided by the identification of characteristic cutaneous manifestations can play a critical role in the successful management of potentially life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Wu
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Martínez-Wbaldo MDC, Soto-Vázquez C, Ferre-Calacich I, Zambrano-Sánchez E, Noguez-Trejo L, Poblano A. Sensorineural hearing loss in high school teenagers in Mexico City and its relationship with recreational noise. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2010; 25:2553-61. [PMID: 20191147 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2009001200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the frequency of hearing loss in a sample of typical public high-school students exposed to recreational noise, and determine associated risk factors. The sample was made up of 214 teenagers from a high-school in Mexico City; subjects were selected randomly per strata. We applied a questionnaire to identify risk factors for hearing loss and performed a battery of audiologic tests consisting of otoscopy, tympanometry, and pure-tone audiometry. The mean age of the sample was 16 +/- 1.07 years; 73% were male and 27%, female. Hearing loss was found in 21% of students. The main hearing loss-related risk factor was exposure to recreational noise: frequent attendance at discotheques and pop-music concerts; use of personal stereos; and noise exposure in school workshops. The high frequency of hearing loss in high school students from one Mexico City school (nearly one fifth of the sample) was found to be related to noise exposure mainly during recreational activities.
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Honner S, Kudela RM, Handler E. Bilateral mastoiditis from red tide exposure. J Emerg Med 2010; 43:663-6. [PMID: 20800412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilateral mastoiditis in adults has previously been reported only in association with diabetes mellitus or immunocompromised patients. OBJECTIVES To describe a case of bilateral mastoiditis in a healthy adult and to investigate the etiology. CASE REPORT A 53-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department with bilateral otitis externa and mastoiditis after scuba diving during a harmful algal bloom, commonly known as a "red tide." The levels of coliform bacteria recorded at the time and location of her dive exceeded health regulatory limits and correlate with her atypical culture results. CONCLUSION Elevated bacterial counts that result from harmful algal blooms may account for this rare infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Honner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California, USA
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Jayaraman P, Sakharkar KR, Sing LC, Chow VTK, Sakharkar MK. Insights into antifolate activity of phytochemicals against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Drug Target 2010; 19:179-88. [PMID: 20429775 DOI: 10.3109/10611861003801867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic drug resistant pathogen. Drug interaction studies for phytochemicals (protocatechuic acid (PA), gallic acid (GA), quercetin (QUER), and myricetin (MYR)) in combination with antifolates (sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP)) are presented. Our results show that the combinations of SMX and phytochemicals are synergistic, whereas TMP in combination with phytochemicals results in additive mode of interaction. Molecular docking of phytochemicals in the active site of modeled P. aeruginosa dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an important enzyme in the folic acid biosynthesis pathway, shows that the phytochemicals QUER and MYR dock in the active site of P. aeruginosa DHFR with promoted binding at the NADP site, PA, and GA dock in the active site of P. aeruginosa DHFR with promoted binding at the folate binding site. Possible mode of action of these phytochemicals as anti-DHFR compounds in this bacterium is suggested. Taken together, the above findings provide novel insights to mode of interactions of these phytochemicals with antibiotics and may have significance as prospective leads in the development of antipseudomonal drug developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Jayaraman
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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[CO2-laser-assisted de-epithelialization of perforation margins of persistent tympanic membrane perforations. An alternative to conventional surgical procedures]. HNO 2009; 57:1185-92. [PMID: 19763523 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-009-1963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The standard treatment of persistent eardrum perforation is conventional surgical closure using myringoplasty or a tympanoplasty type I. In this study the valence of a modified, CO(2)-laser-assisted de-epithelialization of perforation margins was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 44 patients with mesotympanal eardrum perforation (diameter 1-5 mm) were included in a partially retrospective and partially prospective study. The genesis of the eardrum perforations was partially traumatic or the eardrum did not heal after spontaneous perforation caused by an acute otitis media or after surgery. The procedure was performed under topical anaesthesia. Focussed, adjacent, single CO(2) laser pulses (1 watt, 0.05 s) were applied with the laser otoscope Otoscan (Lumenis, Yokneam, Israel) along the edge of the perforation until complete de-epithelialization. This was done to stimulate growth. Closure of eardrum perforation was monitored using an ear microscope and if this treatment was not successful after three attempts conventional surgical therapy was suggested. RESULTS Complete eardrum closure occurred in 27 cases (61%), 17 patients (39%) had a residual perforation, of which 9 experienced a significant reduction of the perforation. There were no complications during and after the treatment. CONCLUSION A closure rate of at least 61% (27/44) can be expected with a CO(2)-laser-assisted de-epithelialization of the perforation margins. This procedure can be performed under topical anaesthesia and is an economic, painless and facile alternative to conventional surgical treatment.
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Wang MC, Liu CY, Shiao AS. Water penetration into middle ear through ventilation tubes in children while swimming. J Chin Med Assoc 2009; 72:72-5. [PMID: 19251534 DOI: 10.1016/s1726-4901(09)70026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventilation tube insertion is a common treatment for children with persistent otitis media with effusion. Parents are concerned about the morbidity of this procedure and the influence of ventilation tubes on daily activities. Permissibility of swimming is a question that is most often asked. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of water penetration through ventilation tubes into the middle ear while swimming in children with ventilation tubes under immediate observation. METHODS We included 14 patients who had otitis media with effusion who received ventilation tube insertion. They had complete ear, nose and throat physical examination. All 14 patients were taken to enjoy surface swimming for 1 hour without ear protection. Before and after swimming, we checked the tympanic membrane and external ear canal using a videotelescope and monitor immediately at the poolside to discover if there was fluid in the external ear canal and middle ear. Patients were followed-up 2 weeks later to check if otorrhea had occurred. RESULTS The 14 patients were from 5 to 14 years old. Nine were male and 5 were female. Nine patients had bilateral ventilation tubes and 5 had unilateral ones. One ear was excluded due to the tube nearly dropping out. A total of 22 ears were included. Eight ears were noted to be dry after swimming. Five ears were noted to have water over the outer 1 third of the external ear canal. Two ears were noted to have water over the inner 2 thirds of the external ear canal. Water on the tube or tympanic membrane was found in 6 ears. Only 1 ear with water penetration into the middle ear was found. No otorrhea had occurred in any ears after 2 weeks. CONCLUSION Water penetration into the middle ear through ventilation tubes and middle ear infection are not likely when surface swimming. Children with ventilation tubes can enjoy swimming without protection in clean chlorinated swimming pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Che Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Gonnermann A, Dreyhaupt J, Praetorius M, Baumann I, Plinkert P, Klingmann C. Hals-Nasen-Ohren ärztliche Erkrankungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Sporttauchen. HNO 2007; 56:519-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00106-007-1635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa : résistance et options thérapeutiques à l’aube du deuxième millénaire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1294-5501(07)91378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mesaros N, Nordmann P, Plésiat P, Roussel-Delvallez M, Van Eldere J, Glupczynski Y, Van Laethem Y, Jacobs F, Lebecque P, Malfroot A, Tulkens PM, Van Bambeke F. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance and therapeutic options at the turn of the new millennium. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:560-78. [PMID: 17266725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial infections. This organism shows a remarkable capacity to resist antibiotics, either intrinsically (because of constitutive expression of beta-lactamases and efflux pumps, combined with low permeability of the outer-membrane) or following acquisition of resistance genes (e.g., genes for beta-lactamases, or enzymes inactivating aminoglycosides or modifying their target), over-expression of efflux pumps, decreased expression of porins, or mutations in quinolone targets. Worryingly, these mechanisms are often present simultaneously, thereby conferring multiresistant phenotypes. Susceptibility testing is therefore crucial in clinical practice. Empirical treatment usually involves combination therapy, selected on the basis of known local epidemiology (usually a beta-lactam plus an aminoglycoside or a fluoroquinolone). However, therapy should be simplified as soon as possible, based on susceptibility data and the patient's clinical evolution. Alternative drugs (e.g., colistin) have proven useful against multiresistant strains, but innovative therapeutic options for the future remain scarce, while attempts to develop vaccines have been unsuccessful to date. Among broad-spectrum antibiotics in development, ceftobiprole, sitafloxacin and doripenem show interesting in-vitro activity, although the first two molecules have been evaluated in clinics only against Gram-positive organisms. Doripenem has received a fast track designation from the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Pump inhibitors are undergoing phase I trials in cystic fibrosis patients. Therefore, selecting appropriate antibiotics and optimising their use on the basis of pharmacodynamic concepts currently remains the best way of coping with pseudomonal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mesaros
- Unité de Pharmacologie cellulaire and moléculaire, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
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