1
|
Morató X, Pytel V, Jofresa S, Ruiz A, Boada M. Symptomatic and Disease-Modifying Therapy Pipeline for Alzheimer’s Disease: Towards a Personalized Polypharmacology Patient-Centered Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169305. [PMID: 36012569 PMCID: PMC9409252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 1906, when Dr. Alois Alzheimer first described in a patient “a peculiar severe disease process of the cerebral cortex”, people suffering from this pathology have been waiting for a breakthrough therapy. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder and the most common form of dementia in the elderly with a long presymptomatic phase. Worldwide, approximately 50 million people are living with dementia, with AD comprising 60–70% of cases. Pathologically, AD is characterized by the deposition of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in the neuropil (neuritic plaques) and blood vessels (amyloid angiopathy), and by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurons (neurofibrillary tangles) in the brain, with associated loss of synapses and neurons, together with glial activation, and neuroinflammation, resulting in cognitive deficits and eventually dementia. The current competitive landscape in AD consists of symptomatic treatments, of which there are currently six approved medications: three AChEIs (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine), one NMDA-R antagonist (memantine), one combination therapy (memantine/donepezil), and GV-971 (sodium oligomannate, a mixture of oligosaccharides derived from algae) only approved in China. Improvements to the approved therapies, such as easier routes of administration and reduced dosing frequencies, along with the developments of new strategies and combined treatments are expected to occur within the next decade and will positively impact the way the disease is managed. Recently, Aducanumab, the first disease-modifying therapy (DMT) has been approved for AD, and several DMTs are in advanced stages of clinical development or regulatory review. Small molecules, mAbs, or multimodal strategies showing promise in animal studies have not confirmed that promise in the clinic (where small to moderate changes in clinical efficacy have been observed), and therefore, there is a significant unmet need for a better understanding of the AD pathogenesis and the exploration of alternative etiologies and therapeutic effective disease-modifying therapies strategies for AD. Therefore, a critical review of the disease-modifying therapy pipeline for Alzheimer’s disease is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanesa Pytel
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Jofresa
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao L, Chu Q, Fang C, Li X, Han G. Hollow nanocapsules of NiFe hydroxides to enable doxorubicin delivery and combinational tumour therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2598-2607. [PMID: 33595002 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, fine hollow nanocapsules, consisting of NiFe hydroxides (denoted as H-NiFe(OH)x), are designed and synthesized for the delivery of an anticancer drug (Doxorubicin, DOX) and tumour depletion. Owing to its fascinating characteristics of "Fe2+ preservation and regeneration", H-NiFe(OH)x presents considerable Fenton activity for hydroxyl radical (˙OH) induction. Efficient delivery of DOX is ensured due to its hollow microstructure, and a typical pH-responsive drug release is enabled. More importantly, the intracellular DOX, in addition to its intrinsic antitumour properties, induces extra exogenous H2O2 which favors the production of ˙OH by H-NiFe(OH)x in tumour cells. In consequence, remarkable in vitro and in vivo antitumour properties are successfully achieved. This drug delivery system is particularly inspirational to further studies in the exploration of intelligent therapeutic platforms for combinational tumour therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E Stephenson
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University,
| | - Simon F Crowe
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Trigiani LJ, Royea J, Tong XK, Hamel E. Comparative benefits of simvastatin and exercise in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. FASEB J 2019; 33:13280-13293. [PMID: 31557051 PMCID: PMC6894065 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901002r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic physical exercise (EX) and controlling cardiovascular risk factors in midlife can improve and protect cognitive function in healthy individuals and are considered to be effective at reducing late-onset dementia incidence. By investigating commonalities between these preventative approaches, we sought to identify possible targets for effective interventions. We compared the efficacy of EX and simvastatin (SV) pharmacotherapy to counteract cognitive deficits induced by a high-cholesterol diet (2%, HCD) in mice overexpressing TGF-β1 (TGF mice), a model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Cognitive deficits were found in hypercholesterolemic mice for object recognition memory, and both SV and EX prevented this decline. EX improved stimulus-evoked cerebral blood flow responses and was as effective as SV in normalizing endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses in cerebral arteries. The up-regulation of galectin-3-positive microglial cells in white matter (WM) of HCD-fed TGF mice with cognitive deficits was significantly reduced by both SV and EX concurrently with cognitive recovery. Altered hippocampal neurogenesis, gray matter astrogliosis, or microgliosis did not correlate with cognitive deficits or benefits. Overall, results indicate that SV and EX prevented cognitive decline in hypercholesterolemic mice and that they share common sites of action in preventing endothelial cell dysfunction and reducing WM inflammation.-Trigiani, L. J., Royea, J., Tong, X.-K., Hamel, E. Comparative benefits of simvastatin and exercise in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne J Trigiani
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessika Royea
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xin-Kang Tong
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edith Hamel
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo Q, Zhu Q, Miao T, Tao J, Ju X, Sun Z, Li H, Xu G, Chen H, Han L. LRP1-upregulated nanoparticles for efficiently conquering the blood-brain barrier and targetedly suppressing multifocal and infiltrative brain metastases. J Control Release 2019; 303:117-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
6
|
Effects of simvastatin and fenofibrate on butyrylcholinesterase activity in the brain, plasma, and liver of normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 70:30-35. [PMID: 30956215 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to test the hypothesis that simvastatin and fenofibrate should cause an increase in butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity not only in the plasma and liver but also in the brain of normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rats. Catalytic enzyme activity was measured using acetylthiocholine (ATCh) and butyrylthiocholine (BTCh) as substrates. Normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rats were divided in four groups receiving 50 mg/kg of simvastatin a day or 30 mg/kg of fenofibrate a day for three weeks and three control groups receiving saline. Simvastatin and fenofibrate caused an increase in brain BuChE activity in both normo- and hyperlipidemic rats regardless of the substrate. The increase with BTCh as substrate was significant and practically the same in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rats after simvastatin treatment (14-17% vs controls). Simvastatin and fenofibrate also increased liver and plasma BuChE activity in both normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rats regardless of the substrate. In most cases the increase was significant. Considering the important role of BuChE in cholinergic transmission as well as its pharmacological function, it is necessary to continue investigations of the effects of lipid-lowering drugs on BuChE activity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fawzy Fahim V, Wadie W, Shafik AN, Ishak Attallah M. Role of simvastatin and insulin in memory protection in a rat model of diabetes mellitus and dementia. Brain Res Bull 2019; 144:21-27. [PMID: 30395886 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Ameliorative effect of alendronate against intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced alteration in neurobehavioral, neuroinflammation and biochemical parameters with emphasis on Aβ and BACE-1. Neurotoxicology 2018; 70:122-134. [PMID: 30481507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age related neurodegenerative disorder manifested by progressive cognitive decline and neuronal loss in the brain, yet precise etiopathology of majority of sporadic or late-onset AD cases is unknown. AD is associated with various pathological events such as Aβ deposition due to BACE-1 induced cleavage of APP, neuroinflammation, increased cholesterol synthesis, cholinergic deficit and oxidative stress. It was found that bone drug, alendronate (ALN) that cross blood brain barrier inhibits brain cholesterol synthesis and AChE enzyme activity. As cholesterol modifying agents have been supposed to alter AD like pathologies, the current study was designed to investigate the possible neuroprotective and therapeutic potential of ALN against ICV STZ induced experimental sporadic AD (SAD) in mice in a non-cholesterol dependent manner, using donepezil (5 mg/kg) as a reference standard. The preliminary study was done by molecular modelling to identify the binding affinity of ALN with BACE-1 in silico. The prevention of cognitive impairment in mice induced by ICV STZ (3 mg/kg) infused on first and third day, by ALN (1.76 mg/kg p.o.) administered for 15 consecutive days was assessed through Spontaneous Alternation Behavior (SAB) and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Additionally, the protective effect of ALN was also observed by the reversal of altered levels of Aβ1-42, BACE-,1 neuroinflammatory cytokines, AChE activity and oxidative stress markers (except TBARS) in ICV-STZ infused mice. However, the findings of the present study imply the therapeutic potential of ALN against SAD-like complications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Inflammation as a Possible Link Between Dyslipidemia and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 376:127-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
10
|
Li D, Huang Y, Cheng B, Su J, Zhou WX, Zhang YX. Streptozotocin Induces Mild Cognitive Impairment at Appropriate Doses in Mice as Determined by Long-Term Potentiation and the Morris Water Maze. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:89-98. [PMID: 27472873 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and effective therapeutic drugs in the clinic are still lacking. Ideally, AD progression could be stopped at an early stage, such as at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage. MCI refers to the clinical condition between normal aging and dementia. Patients with MCI experience memory loss but do not meet the criteria for the diagnosis of clinically probable AD. However, few MCI animal models have been established. Here, we used in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) recording and the Morris water maze (MWM) to evaluate the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) in mice. We found a relationship between cognitive behavior and LTP in vivo and determined the appropriate doses of STZ for a putative MCI animal model. Animals that received≥150μg of STZ exhibited cognitive impairment in the MWM test, and few changes in behavior tests were observed in animals receiving less than 150μg of STZ. In vivo LTP recordings revealed that the induction of LTP decreased significantly in STZ-treated animals, even at the lowest dose (25μg/mouse), in a dose-dependent manner. Pathology analysis revealed STZ-induced neuron loss in a dose-dependent manner, both in the cortex and in the hippocampus, as evidenced by a significantly decreased neuronal number in the cohort treated with 75μg of STZ/mouse. Our study indicated that a low dose (25μg/mouse) of STZ impaired neural plasticity; at a higher dose of 75μg/mouse STZ, further LTP deficits were noted along with induced neuronal loss in both the cortex and the hippocampus, which could be considered a possible MCI or pre-MCI animal model; and finally, at 150μg/mouse STZ, dementia was induced, feasibly indicating a state of AD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Beneficial effects of TQRF and TQ nano- and conventional emulsions on memory deficit, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant status, antioxidants genes expression and soluble Aβ levels in high fat-cholesterol diet-induced rats. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:61-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
12
|
More SV, Kumar H, Cho DY, Yun YS, Choi DK. Toxin-Induced Experimental Models of Learning and Memory Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1447. [PMID: 27598124 PMCID: PMC5037726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for learning and memory have significantly contributed to novel strategies for drug development and hence are an imperative part in the assessment of therapeutics. Learning and memory involve different stages including acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval and each stage can be characterized using specific toxin. Recent studies have postulated the molecular basis of these processes and have also demonstrated many signaling molecules that are involved in several stages of memory. Most insights into learning and memory impairment and to develop a novel compound stems from the investigations performed in experimental models, especially those produced by neurotoxins models. Several toxins have been utilized based on their mechanism of action for learning and memory impairment such as scopolamine, streptozotocin, quinolinic acid, and domoic acid. Further, some toxins like 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and amyloid-β are known to cause specific learning and memory impairment which imitate the disease pathology of Parkinson's disease dementia and Alzheimer's disease dementia. Apart from these toxins, several other toxins come under a miscellaneous category like an environmental pollutant, snake venoms, botulinum, and lipopolysaccharide. This review will focus on the various classes of neurotoxin models for learning and memory impairment with their specific mechanism of action that could assist the process of drug discovery and development for dementia and cognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Vasant More
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Yo-Sep Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Neuroprotective effects of metformin against Aβ-mediated inhibition of long-term potentiation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Brain Res Bull 2016; 121:178-85. [PMID: 26861514 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (Met) is used to treat neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conversely, high-fat diets (HFD) have been shown to increase AD risk. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Met on β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity in AD model rats that were fed a HFD. In this study, 32 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group I (control group, regular diet); group II (HFD+vehicle); group III (HFD+Aβ); or group IV (Met+HFD+Aβ). Rats fed a HFD were injected with Aβ to induce AD, allowed to recover, and treated with Met for 8 weeks. The rats were then anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of urethane and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus for surgery, electrode implantation, and field potential recording. In vivo electrophysiological recordings were then performed to measure population spike (PS) amplitude and excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced by high-frequency stimulation of the perforant pathway. Blood samples were then collected to measure plasma levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoprotein, and cholesterol. After induction of LTP, PS amplitude and EPSP slope were significantly decreased in Aβ-injected rats fed a HFD compared to vehicle-injected animals or untreated animals that were fed a normal diet. Met treatment of Aβ-injected rats significantly attenuated these decreases, suggesting that Met decreased the effects of Aβ on LTP. These findings suggest that Met treatment is neuroprotective against the detrimental effects of Aβ and HFDs on hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Macan M, Vukšić A, Žunec S, Konjevoda P, Lovrić J, Kelava M, Štambuk N, Vrkić N, Bradamante V. Effects of simvastatin on malondialdehyde level and esterase activity in plasma and tissue of normolipidemic rats. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:907-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
15
|
The treatment combination of vitamins E and C and astaxanthin prevents high-fat diet induced memory deficits in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 131:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
16
|
Biswas RR, M.C. D, Rao A.S.R. S, Kadali SLDVRM. Effect of atorvastatin on memory in albino mice. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:HF01-4. [PMID: 25584244 PMCID: PMC4290263 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9730.5089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim and objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on learning and memory in albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Swiss albino mice were divided into 5groups (n=6). In group2, group4 and group5 hyperlipidemia was induced by high fat diet (HFD) orally for 28days. Atrorvastatin was given to group3, group4 and group5 orally for 14 d. Learning and memory was evaluated with Hebb Williams's maze, Elevated plus maze, Y maze and Step through latency. Continuous data were analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Scheffe multiple range test, discrete data were analyzed by Kruskal - Wallis test. The level of significance was 5% (p ≤ 0.05). RESULT AND CONCLUSION HFD treatment had shown significant increase in body weight, significant impairment in learning and memory (p < 0.05). Only atorvastatin treated group had shown better learning and memory in comparison to HFD group. Atorvastatin 10mg/kg and 20 mg/kg had reversed the HFD induced impairment of learning and memory but there was no significant difference between the doses (p > 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Rani Biswas
- Senior Resident, Department of Pharmacology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Krishna Dt., Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Das M.C.
- Professor & HOD, Department of Pharmacology, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, Guntur Dt, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao A.S.R.
- Assosiate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, Guntur Dt, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - SLDV Ramana Murty Kadali
- Tutor, Department of Pharmacology, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, Guntur Dt, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Neha, Sodhi RK, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Animal models of dementia and cognitive dysfunction. Life Sci 2014; 109:73-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
18
|
Silymarin ameliorates memory deficits and neuropathological changes in mouse model of high-fat-diet-induced experimental dementia. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:777-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
19
|
Wang H, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO, Choi SW, Corcoran MP, Harris SS, Jacques PF, Kristo AS, Lai CQ, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, McKay DL, Meydani M, Parnell LD, Prokopy MP, Scott TM, Lichtenstein AH. Dietary modulators of statin efficacy in cardiovascular disease and cognition. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 38:1-53. [PMID: 24813475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and other developed countries, and is fast growing in developing countries, particularly as life expectancy in all parts of the world increases. Current recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease issued jointly from the American Academy of Cardiology and American Heart Association emphasize that lifestyle modification should be incorporated into any treatment plan, including those on statin drugs. However, there is a dearth of data on the interaction between diet and statins with respect to additive, complementary or antagonistic effects. This review collates the available data on the interaction of statins and dietary patterns, cognition, genetics and individual nutrients, including vitamin D, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, phytochemicals (polyphenols and stanols) and alcohol. Of note, although the available data is summarized, the scope is limited, conflicting and disparate. In some cases it is likely there is unrecognized synergism. Virtually no data are available describing the interactions of statins with dietary components or dietary pattern in subgroups of the population, particularly those who may benefit most were positive effects identified. Hence, it is virtually impossible to draw any firm conclusions at this time. Nevertheless, this area is important because were the effects of statins and diet additive or synergistic harnessing the effect could potentially lead to the use of a lower intensity statin or dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Wang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael P Corcoran
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan S Harris
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandra S Kristo
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane L McKay
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max P Prokopy
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy M Scott
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Justice MJ, Buchovecky CM, Kyle SM, Djukic A. A role for metabolism in Rett syndrome pathogenesis: New clinical findings and potential treatment targets. Rare Dis 2013; 1:e27265. [PMID: 25003017 DOI: 10.4161/rdis.27265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked neurological disorder caused by mutations in MECP2, may have a metabolic component. We reported a genetic suppressor screen in a Mecp2-null mouse model to identify pathways for therapeutic improvement of RTT symptoms. Of note, one suppressor mutation implied that cholesterol homeostasis was perturbed in Mecp2 null mice; indeed, cholesterol synthesis was elevated in the brain and body system. Remarkably, the genetic effect of downregulating the cholesterol pathway could be mimicked chemically by statin drugs, improving motor symptoms, and increasing longevity in the mouse. Our work linked cholesterol metabolism to RTT pathology for the first time. Both neurological and systemic effects of perturbed cholesterol homeostasis overlap with many RTT symptoms. Here we show in patients that peripheral cholesterol, triglycerides, and/or LDLs may be elevated early in RTT disease onset, providing a biomarker for patients that could be aided by therapeutic interventions that modulate lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA
| | - Christie M Buchovecky
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA
| | - Stephanie M Kyle
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA
| | - Aleksandra Djukic
- Tri-state Rett Syndrome Clinic; Montefiore Medical Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Yeshiva University; Bronx, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fluvastatin influences hair color in C57BL/6 mice. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14333-45. [PMID: 23846727 PMCID: PMC3742247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent in vitro experiments suggest that fluvastatin may influence tyrosinase (key enzyme of melanogenesis) synthesis. The aim of the present study was to verify those findings in experiments, in vitro, in melanoma cell line, and in vivo, in mice. The expression of tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cell line, after induction of melanogenesis by UVB irradiation, was examined by Western blot analysis. Afterwards, the effect of fluvastatin on melanin synthesis in hair follicles of C57Bl/6 mice was investigated. The expression of tyrosinase was reduced in the presence of fluvastatin. In mice after anagen induction over the dorsal skin, gel containing fluvastatin in various concentrations was injected subcutaneously, while in part of control groups of mice, gel with placebo was injected. In addition, gel with fluvastatin was injected to four week-old mice (mice in first postnatal anagen) without anagen induction. In extension, injections of gel with fluvastatin or placebo were performed in mice without anagen induction (but after first postnatal anagen). In part of study group of mice (mice after anagen induction and injection of fluvastatin) regrowth of depigmented hair was observed, while in all control groups (mice after injection of placebo), such hair depigmentation over the skin area was not found. In conclusion, this study, for the first time, shows that fluvastatin might affect melanin synthesis in vivo.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu HL, Gao LF, Ma WW, Xie F, Bi YX, Yuan LH, Xi YD, Xiao YX, Li L, Xiao R. The effects of phytosterol supplementation on serum LDL-C levels and learning ability in mice fed a high-fat, high-energy diet from gestation onward. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:724-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.787396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
23
|
What have we learned from the streptozotocin-induced animal model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, about the therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer’s research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 120:233-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
24
|
Charradi K, Elkahoui S, Karkouch I, Limam F, Hassine FB, Aouani E. Grape seed and skin extract prevents high-fat diet-induced brain lipotoxicity in rat. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2004-13. [PMID: 22684284 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is related to an elevated risk of dementia and the physiologic mechanisms whereby fat adversely affects the brain are poorly understood. The present investigation analyzed the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) on brain steatosis and oxidative stress and the intracellular mediators involved in signal transduction, as well as the protection offered by grape seed and skin extract (GSSE). HFD induced ectopic deposition of cholesterol and phospholipid but not triglyceride. Moreover brain lipotoxicity is linked to an oxidative stress characterized by increased lipoperoxidation and carbonylation, inhibition of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, depletion of manganese and a concomitant increase in ionizable calcium and acetylcholinesterase activity. Importantly GSSE alleviated all the deleterious effects of HFD treatment. Altogether our data indicated that HFD could find some potential application in the treatment of manganism and that GSSE should be used as a safe anti-lipotoxic agent in the prevention and treatment of fat-induced brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Charradi
- Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Helmy MM. Potential hepato-protective effect of α-tocopherol or simvastatin in aged rats. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:698-705. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
26
|
Effects of a high-fat diet and bamboo extract supplement on anxiety- and depression-like neurobehaviours in mice. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:1143-9. [PMID: 22313665 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet is a major causative factor of overweight and obesity, which are associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as anxiety and depression. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of bamboo extract (BEX) on anxiety- and depression-like neurobehaviours in mice treated with a high-fat diet. Male mice with CD-1 genetic background were treated for 2 months with either a standard or a high-fat diet (10 or 45 % energy from fat, respectively), with or without the BEX supplement (11 g dry mass per 17 MJ). The anxiety levels of mice were evaluated using open-field and hole-board tests, and depression was measured using the force-swimming test. The anxiety responses of the animals were found significantly increased after the high-fat diet treatment, and this elevation was effectively abolished by the BEX supplement. The high-fat diet seemed to have an anti-depressive effect in mice at the tested time point, but the effect of the BEX supplement on the depression level of the animals was not conclusive. The high-fat diet significantly decreased total glutathione content in the blood while the BEX supplement increased glutathione oxidation. In summary, the present study shows that decreased total glutathione concentration in the blood co-occurred with a high-fat treatment, high anxiety level and low depression level in mice, and when supplemented in a high-fat diet, BEX had an anxiolytic effect in mice.
Collapse
|