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Pérez-González N, Morales-Molina JA, Calpena-Campmany AC, Halbaut L, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Bozal-de Febrer N, Souto EB, Mallandrich M, Beatriz CN. Caspofungin formulations for buccal and sublingual mucosae anti-fungal infections: physicochemical characterization, rheological analysis, release and ex vivo permeability profiles. Pharm Dev Technol 2024:1-29. [PMID: 39387661 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2415545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM Oral candidiasis is often challenging due to limited effectiveness of topical treatments. This study aimed to develop novel caspofungin formulations for administration onto the oral mucosa to enhance drug retention and efficacy. METHOD Five caspofungin (2%, w/v) formulations were developed to assess their permeability, retention and mucoadhesiveness. Ex vivo permeability assays were performed on buccal and sublingual mucosae, and histological analyses conducted to evaluate tissue tolerance. RESULTS Formulation composed of chitosan demonstrated the highest retention in both buccal (5183.24 ± 587.32 µg/cm2) and sublingual (1090.72 ± 110.26 µg/cm2) mucosae. Other formulations exhibited significantly lower retention, ranging from 7.53 ± 0.81 to 1852.10 ± 193.24 µg/cm2 in buccal mucosa and 1.64 ± 0.14 to 317.74 ± 31.78 µg/cm2 in sublingual mucosa. Chitosan-based formulation exhibited the highest mucoadhesive strength, with values of 5179.05 ± 31.99 mN/cm2 for buccal and 7026.10 ± 123.41 mN/cm2 for sublingual mucosae, and also superior extensibility, which facilitates application in the oral cavity. All formulations showed antifungal activity against Candida spp., and histological analyses revealed minor epithelial alterations. CONCLUSION The developed formulations offer distinct advantages for treating oral candidiasis, with chitosan formulation emerging as the most promising due to its superior retention, mucoadhesion force, and spreadability, making it a potential candidate for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Pérez-González
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José A Morales-Molina
- Pharmacy Department; Biomedical Research Unit, Torrecárdenas University Hospital, s/n Hermandad de Donantes de Sangre St., 04009 Almería, Spain. CTS-676. I + i TS
| | - Ana C Calpena-Campmany
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Department of Biochemistry & Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute of University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Nuria Bozal-de Febrer
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 27-31 Joan XXIII Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana B Souto
- UCD School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clares-Naveros Beatriz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
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Bacterial Succinoglycans: Structure, Physical Properties, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020276. [PMID: 35054683 PMCID: PMC8778030 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinoglycan is a type of bacterial anionic exopolysaccharide produced from Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, and other soil bacteria. The exact structure of succinoglycan depends in part on the type of bacterial strain, and the final production yield also depends on the medium composition, culture conditions, and genotype of each strain. Various bacterial polysaccharides, such as cellulose, xanthan, gellan, and pullulan, that can be mass-produced for biotechnology are being actively studied. However, in the case of succinoglycan, a bacterial polysaccharide, relatively few reports on production strains or chemical and structural characteristics have been published. Physical properties of succinoglycan, a non-Newtonian and shear thinning fluid, have been reported according to the ratio of substituents (pyruvyl, succinyl, acetyl group), molecular weight (Mw), and measurement conditions (concentration, temperature, pH, metal ion, etc.). Due to its unique rheological properties, succinoglycan has been mainly used as a thickener and emulsifier in the cosmetic and food industries. However, in recent reports, succinoglycan and its derivatives have been used as functional biomaterials, e.g., in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems, therapeutics, and cell culture scaffolds. This suggests a new and expanded application of succinoglycan as promising biomaterials in biomedical fields, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and pharmaceuticals using drug delivery.
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Zimmermann ES, Ferreira LM, Denardi LB, Sari MHM, Cervi VF, Nogueira CW, Alves SH, Cruz L. Mucoadhesive gellan gum hydrogel containing diphenyl diselenide-loaded nanocapsules presents improved anti-candida action in a mouse model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106011. [PMID: 34537375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal action of a diphenyl diselenide-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules suspension (NC-1) and incorporate it into a gellan gum hydrogel formulation in order to assess its in vivo efficacy in an animal model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Nanocapsules suspensions containing the compound (NC-1 ∼ 5 mg/mL) or not (NC-B) were prepared by the interfacial deposition of preformed polymer method. To estimate in vitro antifungal effect, the broth microdilution test was applied. The results showed that NC-1 had equal or lower MIC values when compared to free compound against fifteen Candida strains. Following, the hydrogel was prepared by direct thickening of the nanocapsules suspension by gellan gum addition. The animal model of vulvovaginal candidiasis was induced by infecting female Swiss mice with Candida albicans strains. The animals were topically treated with 20 µL of hydrogels (NC-1 and free compound - 0.1 mg of diphenyl diselenide/once a day for seven days) and then the total fungal burden was assessed after the euthanasia. The results showed that the hydrogels presented pH in the acidic range, compound content close to theoretical value, homogeneous particle distribution with nanometric size, high physicochemical and microbiological stability as well as great bioadhesive property. The nano-based presented superior pharmacological action in comparison to the hydrogel containing non-encapsulated diphenyl diselenide. The results demonstrated that the nanoencapsulation maintained the effective antifungal action of diphenyl diselenide. The nano-based hydrogel formulation may be considered a promising approach against vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estevan Sonego Zimmermann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Luana Mota Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Laura Bedin Denardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Verônica Ferrari Cervi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brasil
| | - Sydney Hartz Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
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Ruggeri M, Pavan M, Soato M, Panfilo S, Barbera C, Galesso D, Miele D, Rossi S, Di Lucia A, Ferrari F, Sandri G. Synergy of Hydeal-D ® and Hyaluronic Acid for Protecting and Restoring Urothelium: In Vitro Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1450. [PMID: 34575526 PMCID: PMC8465558 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC) or painful bladder syndrome is a chronic dysfunction due to an inflammatory condition, characterized by bladder pain and urinary frequency. Currently, no gold standard therapy is available since IC does not respond to conventional ones. Given these premises, the aim of this work was the in vitro characterization of biological properties (mucoadhesion and anti-inflammatory activity) of a commercial product (HydealCyst-HydC) based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and the benzyl ester of HA (Hydeal-D®) intended for bladder instillation to restore and/or protect the urothelial layer of glycosamino glycans (GAGs). The in vitro characterization demonstrated that an interaction product is formed between HA and Hydeal-D® that has a role in the rheological behavior and mucoadhesive properties. HA was identified as a key component to form the mucoadhesive joint, while the interaction of HA with Hydeal-D® improved polysaccharide stability and prolonged the activity ex vivo. Moreover, HydC is cytocompatible with urothelial cells (HTB-4) and possesses an anti-inflammatory effect towards these cells by decreasing the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, which were both increased in patients with IC, and by increasing the secretion of sulfated GAGs. These two findings, along with the resilience properties of the formulation due to mucoadhesion, suggest the active role of HydC in protecting and restoring urothelium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ruggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Mauro Pavan
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte Della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy; (M.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Matteo Soato
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte Della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy; (M.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Susi Panfilo
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte Della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy; (M.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Carlo Barbera
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte Della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy; (M.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Devis Galesso
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte Della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy; (M.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Dalila Miele
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Alba Di Lucia
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte Della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy; (M.P.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (C.B.); (D.G.)
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.R.); (D.M.); (S.R.); (F.F.)
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Jalil A, Asim MH, Le NMN, Laffleur F, Matuszczak B, Tribus M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. S-protected gellan gum: Decisive approach towards mucoadhesive antimicrobial vaginal films. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:148-157. [PMID: 30779984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize novel polymeric excipients forming mucoadhesive films for treatment of vaginal microbial infections. 2-(2-Amino ethyldisulfanyl) nicotinic acid was conjugated with gellan gum via amide bond formation. The structure of the resulting S-protected gellan gum was confirmed by 1H NMR. S-protected gellan gum variants were characterized for thiol content, cytotoxicity, rheological behaviour and film forming capability. Depending on the added amount of AMENA degree of thiolation was 81 ± 13 (S-GG 81) and 174 ± 16 (S-GG 174) μmol/g, respectively. Vaginal films were casted from S-protected gellan gum variants and studied for adherence to vaginal mucosa, drug release and antimicrobial activity. S-protected gellan gum remained biocompatible showing >87% cell viability. S-GG 81 and S-GG 174 exhibited 1.84- and 4.3-fold increased dynamic viscosity in porcine mucus in comparison to unmodified gellan gum, respectively. Compared to gellan gum films, thiol functionalized gellan gum films showed 3-fold improved adhesion on mucosal surface over a period of 3 h along with significant antimicrobial activity. Moreover, S-protected gellan gum provided a sustained release of metronidazole. According to these results, S-protected gellan gum proved to be a promising novel excipient for casting vaginal films, exhibiting strongly improved mucoadhesive and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Jalil
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mulazim Hussain Asim
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Nguyet-Minh Nguyen Le
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 70000 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Tribus
- Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Innrain 52, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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