Oculomotricity in childhood: is the normal range the same as in adults?

Plastic relocation of motor cortex in a patient with LGG (low grade glioma) confirmed by NBS (navigated brain stimulation)

We report on a patient with LGG, in whom NBS mapping confirmed relocation of the primary motor cortex (M1) concurrent with multistage surgery. Comparing the NBS results at 18 months with the initial results revealed that the M1 representation had shifted from the precentral to the postcentral gyrus. The patient underwent a third surgical intervention. Intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (DCS) confirmed the shift of the M1. Plastic changes in M1 localization permitted complete tumour removal without neurological sequela. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a LGG patient where induced brain plasticity has been confirmed by NBS mapping.

A review on eye movement studies in childhood and adolescent psychiatry

The neural substrates of eye movement measures are largely known. Therefore, measurement of eye movements in psychiatric disorders may provide insight into the underlying neuropathology of these disorders. Visually guided saccades, antisaccades, memory guided saccades, and smooth pursuit eye movements will be reviewed in various childhood psychiatric disorders. The four aims of this review are (1) to give a thorough overview of eye movement studies in a wide array of psychiatric disorders occurring during childhood and adolescence (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional deviant disorder and conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorders, reading disorder, childhood-onset schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, and anxiety and depression), (2) to discuss the specificity and overlap of eye movement findings across disorders and paradigms, (3) to discuss the developmental aspects of eye movement abnormalities in childhood and adolescence psychiatric disorders, and (4) to present suggestions for future research. In order to make this review of interest to a broad audience, attention will be given to the clinical manifestation of the disorders and the theoretical background of the eye movement paradigms.