1
|
Thiruvengadam R, Venkidasamy B, Easwaran M, Chi HY, Thiruvengadam M, Kim SH. Dynamic interplay of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) in plant resilience: unveiling the signaling pathways and metabolic responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:198. [PMID: 39023775 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Plants respond to environmental challenges by producing reactive species such as ROS and RNS, which play critical roles in signaling pathways that lead to adaptation and survival strategies. Understanding these pathways, as well as their detection methods and effects on plant development and metabolism, provides insight into increasing crop tolerance to combined stresses. Plants encounter various environmental stresses (abiotic and biotic) that affect plant growth and development. Plants sense biotic and abiotic stresses by producing different molecules, including reactive species, that act as signaling molecules and stimulate secondary messengers and subsequent gene transcription. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are produced in both physiological and pathological conditions in the plasma membranes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Various techniques, including spectroscopy, chromatography, and fluorescence methods, are used to detect highly reactive, short-half-life ROS and RNS either directly or indirectly. In this review, we highlight the roles of ROS and RNS in seed germination, root development, senescence, mineral nutrition, and post-harvest control. In addition, we provide information on the specialized metabolism involved in plant growth and development. Secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, are produced in low concentrations in plants for signaling and metabolism. Strategies for improving crop performance under combined drought and pathogen stress conditions are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Thiruvengadam
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Maheswaran Easwaran
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Hee Youn Chi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yahyazadeh M, Jerz G, Winterhalter P, Selmar D. The complexity of sound quantification of specialized metabolite biosynthesis: The stress related impact on the alkaloid content of Catharanthus roseus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112774. [PMID: 33930669 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants grown under stress conditions reveal higher concentrations of relevant specialized metabolites than well-watered plants, putatively due to an enhanced biosynthesis. Yet, stress also reduced the biomass gain. Accordingly, the concentration increase in comparison to control plants could also be due to lesser biomass employed as the reference value, whereas the rate of biosynthesis may remain unchanged. For an unequivocal proof that stress indeed enhances the biosynthesis, the total amount of the substances per plant has to be determined. In this study, we investigated the stress-induced impact on the alkaloids accumulated in Catharanthus roseus and quantified both, the changes in concentration and in the entire amount of alkaloids. At any time, all Catharanthus roseus plants grown under drought stress exhibited a markedly higher alkaloid concentration compared to the well-watered controls. However, by calculating the entire alkaloid content per plant, a corresponding increment occurred only within the first two weeks of drought stress. Thereafter, no significant differences among drought treatments and control were detected. Finally, within the last week, the alkaloid content per plant decreased markedly, although there was a meaningfully higher concentration of alkaloids in the drought-stressed plants. In contrast, when plants had been exposed to high salt concentrations, the alkaloid concentrations were quite the same in stressed and control plants. The related total contents were significantly lower in plants exposed to salt stress. These results display that both phenomena, an increased rate of biosynthesis and lesser reference values, i.e., the biomass, contribute to the stress-related increase in the concentration of natural product. Moreover, it has to be considered that the enhancement of biosynthesis could be due to either an "active" up-regulation of biosynthetic capacity or a "passive" shift caused by the over-reduced status as a result of the stress-induced stomatal closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Yahyazadeh
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran; Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gerold Jerz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 20, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 20, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Selmar
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang W, Li Q, Liu Y, Chen B. Ionic liquid-aqueous solution ultrasonic-assisted extraction of three kinds of alkaloids from Phellodendron amurense Rupr and optimize conditions use response surface. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 24:13-18. [PMID: 25443277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we chose diffident kinds of ionic liquids to optimal selection an optimal one to extract alkaloids from Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Four ionic liquids with diffident carbon chains or anions have been investigated and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide with best productivity. Then, selections have been optimized in different conditions, including concentration of ionic liquid, time for ultrasonic treatment, ultrasonic power and solid-liquid ratio. Moreover, three conditions have been comprehensively assessment by response surface methodology, the optimal conditions were determined as follows ultrasonic power 100 W, extraction time 75 min and ratio of solvent to raw material 1:14. Under these conditions, the yield% (MIX) was 106.7% (extracted by heat reflux being defined 100%). Comparing with other methods, the advantages are saving conserving, time saving, high yield% and especially pollution-free.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, 332# No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China
| | - Qingyong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, 332# No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China.
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, 332# No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China
| | - Binbin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Castro-Moreno M, Tinoco-Ojangurén CL, Cruz-Ortega MDR, González-Esquinca AR. Influence of seasonal variation on the phenology and liriodenine content of Annona lutescens (Annonaceae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2013; 126:529-537. [PMID: 23389399 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-013-0550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Annona lutescens Saff. (Annonaceae) grows as a native tree in Chiapas, Mexico in Tropical Dry Forest habitat. Like most Annonaceae, it biosynthesizes benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, mostly liriodenine. To determine the influence of seasonal changes in the accumulation of liriodenine, the monthly variation of liriodenine content in roots, stems and leaves of mature and young trees was observed. These parts of young and mature A. lutescens trees were collected monthly over a 1 year period and the alkaloids were extracted; the liriodenine was quantified by high-resolution liquid chromatography. The phenological stages of the species were also assessed (leaf development, flowering and fruiting) using the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale. The analysis of both young and mature trees showed a significant increase in the liriodenine concentration occurs within roots during the dry season, which coincides with leaf fall. A significant decrease also occurred at the beginning of the rainy season (the period of leaf growth); the liriodenine content for the next rainy season did not reach the levels of the previous dry season. The climatic variation induced phenological and physiological changes in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Castro-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Química Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Libramiento Norte Poniente 1150 Colonia, Lajas Maciel C.P. 29039, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Selmar D, Kleinwächter M. Stress enhances the synthesis of secondary plant products: the impact of stress-related over-reduction on the accumulation of natural products. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:817-26. [PMID: 23612932 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Spice and medicinal plants grown under water deficiency conditions reveal much higher concentrations of relevant natural products compared with identical plants of the same species cultivated with an ample water supply. For the first time, experimental data related to this well-known phenomenon have been collected and a putative mechanistic concept considering general plant physiological and biochemical aspects is presented. Water shortage induces drought stress-related metabolic responses and, due to stomatal closure, the uptake of CO2 decreases significantly. As a result, the consumption of reduction equivalents (NADPH + H(+)) for CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle declines considerably, generating a large oxidative stress and an oversupply of reduction equivalents. As a consequence, metabolic processes are shifted towards biosynthetic activities that consume reduction equivalents. Accordingly, the synthesis of reduced compounds, such as isoprenoids, phenols or alkaloids, is enhanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Selmar
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|