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Current Trends in Toxicity Assessment of Herbal Medicines: A Narrative Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Even in modern times, the popularity level of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in therapy is still high. The World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the population in developing countries uses these types of remedies. Even though herbal medicine products are usually perceived as low risk, their potential health risks should be carefully assessed. Several factors can cause the toxicity of herbal medicine products: plant components or metabolites with a toxic potential, adulteration, environmental pollutants (heavy metals, pesticides), or contamination of microorganisms (toxigenic fungi). Their correct evaluation is essential for the patient’s safety. The toxicity assessment of herbal medicine combines in vitro and in vivo methods, but in the past decades, several new techniques emerged besides conventional methods. The use of omics has become a valuable research tool for prediction and toxicity evaluation, while DNA sequencing can be used successfully to detect contaminants and adulteration. The use of invertebrate models (Danio renio or Galleria mellonella) became popular due to the ethical issues associated with vertebrate models. The aim of the present article is to provide an overview of the current trends and methods used to investigate the toxic potential of herbal medicinal products and the challenges in this research field.
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Qin L, Jiang JY, Zhang L, Dou XW, Ouyang Z, Wan L, Yang MH. Occurrence and analysis of mycotoxins in domestic Chinese herbal medicines. Mycology 2020; 11:126-146. [PMID: 32923021 PMCID: PMC7448902 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1727578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For time immemorial, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used in China for disease treatment and promotion of general well-being. However, in recent years, many studies have shown that mycotoxins produced by fungi could contaminate CHMs due to unfavourable pre- or post-harvest conditions, raising major concern for consumer safety. At present, there is a significant focus on developing novel mycotoxin detection methods for analysing CHMs, and numerous studies have aimed to determine which kinds of raw herbal materials are most susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding and detection of mycotoxins in domestic raw herbal materials and related products from 2000 to 2018. Aspects of mycotoxin contamination of CHMs covered in this review include common mycotoxin contaminants in CHMs, maximum mycotoxin residue limits, analytical methods for mycotoxin detection and their applications and limitations, as well as a brief discussion of the trends in ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Yi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Wan
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Chen R, Sun Y, Huo B, Yuan S, Sun X, Zhang M, Yin N, Fan L, Yao W, Wang J, Han D, Li S, Peng Y, Bai J, Ning B, Liang J, Gao Z. Highly sensitive detection of ochratoxin A based on bio-barcode immunoassay and catalytic hairpin assembly signal amplification. Talanta 2020; 208:120405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Liu X, Liu X, Huang P, Wei F, Ying G, Zhang S, Lu J, Zhou L, Kong W. Regeneration and Reuse of Immunoaffinity Column for Highly Efficient Clean-Up and Economic Detection of Ochratoxin A in Malt and Ginger. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E462. [PMID: 30413078 PMCID: PMC6266469 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoaffinity columns (IACs) are most popularly used for mycotoxin clean-up in complex matrices prior to chromatographic analysis. But, their high cost has limited their wide application and the regeneration of IACs for multiple instances of reuse is important. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of regeneration and reuse of IACs for purification of ochratoxin A (OTA) in spiked raw malt and dried ginger samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. After each use, the IACs were filled with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as the preservation solution and stored at 8 °C overnight for regeneration and reuse until the recovery rate was <70%. The results showed that matrix type, preparation procedure, and pH value of sample extraction exhibited major effects on the reuse of IACs for OTA clean-up. While, after modifying the sample preparation procedure using water as the diluent and the solution at a pH of 7 to 8, the IACs could be used eight and three times for the spiked raw malt and dried ginger samples with OTA after regeneration. Regarding the traditional procedure recommended in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), the IACs could be used for three and two times for the spiked raw malt and dried ginger samples with OTA, respectively. Therefore, the corresponding experimental cost could be reduced to one-eighth and one-third of the original cost. This is the first study on the regeneration and reuse of IACs for OTA clean-up in complex Chinese herbal medicines, providing a green and economical tool for a large number of samples analysis with low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Pinxuan Huang
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fang Wei
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guangyao Ying
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - Lidong Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sultana A, Sazawa K, Okazaki T, Islam MS, Hata N, Sugawara K, Kuramitz H. Adsorptive Voltammetry for the Determination of Ochratoxin A Using Enrichment Effect by Cationic Surfactants. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sultana
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Kazuto Sazawa
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Takuya Okazaki
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Noriko Hata
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | | | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research; University of Toyama; Gofuku 3190 Toyama 930-8555 Japan
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Zhang L, Dou XW, Zhang C, Logrieco AF, Yang MH. A Review of Current Methods for Analysis of Mycotoxins in Herbal Medicines. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E65. [PMID: 29393905 PMCID: PMC5848166 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of mycotoxins in herbal medicines is an established problem throughout the entire world. The sensitive and accurate analysis of mycotoxin in complicated matrices (e.g., herbs) typically involves challenging sample pretreatment procedures and an efficient detection instrument. However, although numerous reviews have been published regarding the occurrence of mycotoxins in herbal medicines, few of them provided a detailed summary of related analytical methods for mycotoxin determination. This review focuses on analytical techniques including sampling, extraction, cleanup, and detection for mycotoxin determination in herbal medicines established within the past ten years. Dedicated sections of this article address the significant developments in sample preparation, and highlight the importance of this procedure in the analytical technology. This review also summarizes conventional chromatographic techniques for mycotoxin qualification or quantitation, as well as recent studies regarding the development and application of screening assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, lateral flow immunoassays, aptamer-based lateral flow assays, and cytometric bead arrays. The present work provides a good insight regarding the advanced research that has been done and closes with an indication of future demand for the emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiao-Wen Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- National Research Council of Italy, CNR-ISPA, Via G. Amendola, 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhou Q, Liu C, Zhang H, Zhao C, Wang Y. Development and Applications of Quantum Dot-based Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Composites for Optosensing of Carbofuran in Water. ANAL SCI 2018; 33:957-962. [PMID: 28794334 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, quantum dot (QD)-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was fabricated and successfully utilized as a fluorescent probe for highly selective and sensitive detection of carbofuran in water samples. The MIPs were synthesized followed by a multi-step swelling and polymerization method, and then labeled with CdSe/ZnS QDs via gradual solvent evaporation. Then the prepared QDs-MIP microspheres were introduced to flow cytometry by virtue of their good dispersibility in water, and fast adsorption and desorption. Under optimized conditions, the fluorescence intensity of QDs-MIP decreased linearly with the increasing of carbofuran in the concentration range of 1 - 20 μg L-1 (R2 > 0.99) and it can detect down to 0.2 μg L-1 of carbofuran. This method was simple, selective and applied successfully to the optosensing of trace carbofuran in water samples with good recoveries ranging from 94.1 ± 3.7 to 98.4 ± 4.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Risk Assessment of Environment Factors for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products
| | | | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Risk Assessment of Environment Factors for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Risk Assessment of Environment Factors for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products
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Magnetic microspheres-based cytometric bead array assay for highly sensitive detection of ochratoxin A. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:420-428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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