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Li JL, Jiang JY, Gu SS, Zhang L, Sun Y, Wang XH, Li DY, Chen ZY, Jiang SS, Zhu WZ, Jiang HW, Zhang HJ. Identification of lignans as ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors from the roots of Pouzolzia zeylanica. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1719-1726. [PMID: 37265118 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2219816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new lignan, named pouzolignan P (1), together with 14 known ones (2 - 15) were isolated from the roots of Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. Their structures were deduced based on the detailed spectroscopic analysis. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities toward the ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). Among them, four lignans, isopouzolignan K (3), gnemontanins E (5), gnetuhainin I (6), and styraxlignolide D (15) showed excellent ACLY inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 9.06, 0.59, 2.63, and 7.62 μM, respectively. These compounds were further evaluated for their cholesterol-lowing effects on ox-LDL-induced high-cholesterol HepG2 cells. Compound 15 emerges as the most potent ACLY inhibitor, which significantly decreased the TC level in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, molecular docking simulations elucidated that 15 formed a strong hydrogen-bond interaction with Glu599 of ACLY, which was an important site responsible for the enzyme catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Han Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yu Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Shi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Wen Jiang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
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Liu R, Yu ZC, Xiao CX, Xiao SF, He J, Shi Y, Hua YY, Zhou JM, Zhang GY, Wang T, Jiang JY, Xiong DX, Chen Y, Xu HB, Yun H, Sun H, Pan TT, Wang R, Zhu SM, Huang D, Liu YJ, Hu YH, Ren XR, Shi MF, Song SZ, Luo JM, Liu J, Zhang J, Xu F. [Different methods in predicting mortality of pediatric intensive care units sepsis in Southwest China]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2024; 62:204-210. [PMID: 38378280 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20231013-00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the value of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (pSOFA) and pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) in predicting mortality of pediatric sepsis in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) from Southwest China. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter observational study. A total of 447 children with sepsis admitted to 12 PICU in Southwest China from April 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled. Based on the prognosis, the patients were divided into survival group and non-survival group. The physiological parameters of SIRS, pSOFA and PCIS were recorded and scored within 24 h after PICU admission. The general clinical data and some laboratory results were recorded. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the predictive value of SIRS, pSOFA and PCIS in mortality of pediatric sepsis. Results: Amongst 447 children with sepsis, 260 patients were male and 187 patients were female, aged 2.5 (0.8, 7.0) years, 405 patients were in the survival group and 42 patients were in the non-survival group. 418 patients (93.5%) met the criteria of SIRS, and 440 patients (98.4%) met the criteria of pSOFA≥2. There was no significant difference in the number of items meeting the SIRS criteria between the survival group and the non-survival group (3(2, 4) vs. 3(3, 4) points, Z=1.30, P=0.192). The pSOFA score of the non-survival group was significantly higher than that of the survival group (9(6, 12) vs. 4(3, 7) points, Z=6.56, P<0.001), and the PCIS score was significantly lower than that of the survival group (72(68, 81) vs. 82(76, 88) points, Z=5.90, P<0.001). The predictive value of pSOFA (AUC=0.82) and PCIS (AUC=0.78) for sepsis mortality was significantly higher than that of SIRS (AUC=0.56) (Z=6.59, 4.23, both P<0.001). There was no significant difference between pSOFA and PCIS (Z=1.35, P=0.176). Platelet count, procalcitonin, lactic acid, albumin, creatinine, total bilirubin, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and international normalized ratio were all able to predict mortality of sepsis to a certain degree (AUC=0.64, 0.68, 0.80, 0.64, 0.68, 0.60, 0.77, 0.75, 0.76, all P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with SIRS, both pSOFA and PCIS had better predictive value in the mortality of pediatric sepsis in PICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Liu
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Z C Yu
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - C X Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - S F Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650103, China
| | - J He
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650103, China
| | - Y Shi
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, the First People's Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang 615099, China
| | - Y Y Hua
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, the First People's Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang 615099, China
| | - J M Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, the First People's Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang 615099, China
| | - G Y Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 610073, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 610073, China
| | - J Y Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - D X Xiong
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Guizhou Provincial Children's Hospital, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - H B Xu
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Guizhou Provincial Children's Hospital, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - H Yun
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Guizhou Provincial Children's Hospital, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - H Sun
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - T T Pan
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - R Wang
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Yuxi Children's Hospital, Yuxi 653199, China
| | - S M Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Yuxi Children's Hospital, Yuxi 653199, China
| | - D Huang
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550499, China
| | - Y J Liu
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550499, China
| | - Y H Hu
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - X R Ren
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - M F Shi
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, the First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin 644099, China
| | - S Z Song
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, the First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin 644099, China
| | - J M Luo
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, the First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin 644099, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637003, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637003, China
| | - F Xu
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing 400014, China
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Jiang JY, Liu WM, Zhang QP, Ren H, Yao QY, Liu GQ, Lu PR. Trimethylamine N-oxide aggravates vascular permeability and endothelial cell dysfunction under diabetic condition: in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:25-33. [PMID: 38239938 PMCID: PMC10754663 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide the direct evidence for the crucial role of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in vascular permeability and endothelial cell dysfunction under diabetic condition. METHODS The role of TMAO on the in vitro biological effect of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC) under high glucose conditions was tested by a cell counting kit, wound healing, a transwell and a tube formation assay. The inflammation-related gene expression affected by TMAO was tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of the cell junction was measured by Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, two groups of rat models, diabetic and non-diabetic, were fed with normal or 0.1% TMAO for 16wk, and their plasma levels of TMAO, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were tested. The vascular permeability of rat retinas was measured using FITC-Dextran, and the expression of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and claudin-5 in rat retinas was detected by WB or immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS TMAO administration significantly increased the cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation of primary HRMEC either in normal or high-glucose conditions. RT-PCR showed elevated inflammation-related gene expression of HRMEC under TMAO stimulation, while WB or immunofluorescence staining indicated decreased cell junction ZO-1 and occludin expression after high-glucose and TMAO treatment. Diabetic rats showed higher plasma levels of TMAO as well as retinal vascular leakage, which were even higher in TMAO-feeding diabetic rats. Furthermore, TMAO administration increased the rat plasma levels of VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-α while decreasing the retinal expression levels of ZO-1 and claudin-5. CONCLUSION TMAO enhances the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HRMEC, as well as destroys their vascular integrity and tight connection. It also regulates the expression of VEGF, IL-6, and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Ming Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing-Ying Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gao-Qin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pei-Rong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li F, Jiang JY, Huang SD, Liu MX, Wang XQ, Wong HS, Wang DG. Comparative efficacy of different reconstruction methods after wide local excision of the nail unit: A retrospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2583-2588. [PMID: 37591629 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide local excision (WLE) of the nail unit is widely used in treating in situ and minimally invasive malignant subungual tumours. After WLE, diverse reconstruction methods have been reported. However, the best repair method has yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE To compare the repair effects and postoperative morbidity of secondary intention healing (SIH), artificial dermis grafting combined with secondary intention healing (ADGSIH) and full-thickness skin grafting (FSG) after WLE of the nail unit. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 21 patients who underwent WLE of the nail unit. The re-epithelializing time, functional and cosmetic outcomes, postoperative complications and patients' satisfaction were assessed from the follow-up records. RESULTS The FSG group showed more rapid healing and better functional and cosmetic outcomes than the SIH and ADGSIH groups. The ADGSIH and FSG groups showed significant pain relief compared to the SIH group. No serious early and late postoperative complications were reported. The median follow-up period was 26 months, and no recurrence was observed. All patients were satisfied with the treatment. CONCLUSIONS FSG after the WLE of the nail unit is a therapeutic option with convenient application, significant pain relief, rapid recovery and satisfying functional and cosmetic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Yi Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Dai Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Xi Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hoi Shiwn Wong
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da-Guang Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wu YY, Tian WF, Cheng CX, Yang L, Ye QQ, Li WH, Jiang JY. Effects of cadmium exposure on metabolism, antioxidant defense, immune function, and the hepatopancreas transcriptome of Cipangopaludina cathayensis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115416. [PMID: 37647801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common contaminant in aquatic environments. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying Cd toxicity in the freshwater snail Cipangopaludina cathayensis (Heude, 1890). This study to investigate the toxic effects of Cd on the standard metabolism, antioxidant activities, immune function, and hepatopancreas transcriptome profiles of C. cathayensis. C. cathayensis was exposed to 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/L Cd for 3 h, with results showing that Cd significantly inhibited oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion and disrupted the respiratory metabolism of C. cathayensis. In addition, the O:N ratio dropped below 7, indicating that C. cathayensis may rely exclusively on proteins as an energy source under Cd stress. To understand how Cd impacts the antioxidant activities, immune function, and transcriptional profiles, C. cathayensis were exposed to 0.5 (low exposure, L14) or 1.5 (high exposure, H14) mg/L Cd for 14 days. Our results indicate that Cd exposure leads to oxidative stress and immunosuppression, with the latter effect being larger for exposure to higher Cd concentrations. A total of 2172 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptome analysis of the hepatopancreas, of which 885 were upregulated and 1287 were downregulated. Gene ontology and KEGG analyses revealed that the DEGs in the H14 group are enriched for energy generation terms and the "oxidative phosphorylation" pathway, respectively. Therefore, up-regulation of energy metabolism may be an adaptive strategy under Cd stress. Moreover, several genes involved in antioxidant activity were downregulated, whereas genes related to reactive oxygen species generation were upregulated. In addition, many immunity-related genes were identified within the DEGs, indicating that Cd toxicity may affect immune defense. Further, DEGs in the H14 group were enriched for disease-associated pathways. Taken together, our results indicate that Cd exposure leads to metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, and immunosuppression and thus may potentially contribute to disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - W F Tian
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - C X Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - L Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Q Q Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - W H Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - J Y Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Gangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China.
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Wei C, Lu N, Yang R, Tang YR, Lü Q, Jiang JY. [Epidemic situation of malaria in Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2019]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:483-488. [PMID: 33185059 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of malaria and implementation of the "1-3-7" approach in malaria elimination in Yunnan Province, so as to provide the data support for the development of post-elimination surveillance interventions. METHODS All data pertaining to malaria cases in Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2019 were captured from the Notifiable Disease Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the changes in the epidemic situation of malaria were analyzed during the 5-year period. In addition, the core indexes regarding the "1-3-7" approach in malaria elimination of Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2019 were retrieved from the Malaria Control System in the Parasitic Disease Information Reporting System, and all changes in the indexes were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS During the period from 2014 to 2019, a total of 2 283 malaria cases were reported in Yunnan Province, including 1 927 cases with vivax malaria, 326 cases with plasmodium malaria, 29 cases with other species of malaria, and one case with unidentified species. There were 64 local cases, 2 219 overseas imported cases. Among the 2 283 malaria cases, the male/female ratio was 4.58∶1, and 80.25% of the cases were aged from 15 to 50 years. Farmer (70.00%) was the predominant occupation, and 76.70% (1 751/2 283) of the cases were identified in 25 border counties (districts). Malaria cases were reported in each month during the 5-year period, and the number of malaria cases increased from April, peaked on May to July, and started to decline on August. From 2014 to 2019, the reporting rate of malaria cases within 24 hours upon diagnosis was 100%, and the detection of malaria cases was 99.69% (2 276/ 2 283) in the laboratory, with a 99.65% (2 275/2 283) rate of definite diagnosis. In addition, the percentage of individual epidemiological investigations within 3 days was 100.00% (2 283/2 283), and the number of epidemic foci survey and treatment within 7 days was 576 during the 3-year period from 2017 to 2019. The goal of malaria elimination was achieved in Yunnan Province on June, 2020. CONCLUSIONS Malaria has been eliminated in Yunnan Province, and management of overseas imported malaria is the primary challenge to consolidate the malaria elimination achievements in the future. However, the approach in malaria elimination remains to be maintained, and the role of the Yunnan Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory requires to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wei
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Arborvirus Research; Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - N Lu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Arborvirus Research; Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - R Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Arborvirus Research; Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - Y R Tang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Arborvirus Research; Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - Q Lü
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Arborvirus Research; Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - J Y Jiang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Malaria Research; Yunnan Provincial Center of Arborvirus Research; Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Prevention and Control, Pu'er 665099, China
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Jiang JY, Zhang L, Qin L, Luo JY, Fu YW, Qin JA, Wang CJ, Ouyang Z, Yang MH. [Preparation of highly sensitive monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin B_1 and its application in rapid detection of contamination in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:3900-3907. [PMID: 32893587 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200522.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1) was prepared and an indirect competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ic-ELISA) was established based on the antibody which was used for high-throughput and rapid screening of AFB_1 contamination in Chinese herbal medicines to ensure the safety of medication. In this study, the structure of AFB_1 was modified by improved oxime method, and the carrier protein was coupled by EDC-NHS method to obtain the complete antigen of AFB_1, which was more convenient and environmental friendly. The Balb/c female mice were immunized using increasing the immunization dose and various ways of injection, and finally the AFB_1 monoclonal antibody was prepared. The AFB_1 monoclonal antibody belongs to IgG_(2 b) immunoglobulin by identifying its immunological characteristics, and its sensitivity(IC_(50)) can reach 0.15 μg·L~(-1), and the affi-nity is 2.81×10~8 L·mol~(-1). The cross-reaction rates of AFB_2, AFG_1, and AFG_2 were 35.07%, 8.75%, and 1.15%, respectively, and there was almost no cross-reactivity with other mycotoxins. Based on the high sensitivity and specificity of the antibody, an ic-ELISA method was established and applied to the determination of AFB_1 contamination in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. According to the matrix matching standard curve, the linear concentration range for AFB_1 was 0.05-0.58 μg·L~(-1)(R~2=0.992), the recoveries were 88.00%-119.0%, and the detection limit was 1.69 μg·kg~(-1). The AFB_1 in 33 batches of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen samples was determined by ic-ELISA, and the contamination level was 3.62-206.58 μg·kg~(-1). The linear correlation coefficient between the detection results of ic-ELISA and UHPLC-MS/MS was 0.996, and there were no false positive and false negative cases. It indicates that the established ic-ELISA is accurate and reliable, and could provide a simple and effective technique for fast screening of AFB_1 contamination in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, and also could be considered as the reference for the detection and monitoring of AFB_1 contamination in other Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013, China Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan-Wei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia-An Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
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Hu B, Tan HY, Rao XW, Jiang JY, Yang K. A Scoring System for Surgical Site Infection after Pancreaticoduodenectomy Using Clinical Data. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2020; 22:240-244. [PMID: 32543287 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2020.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Object: To analyze the factors influencing surgical site infection (SSI) after pancreaticoduodenectomy and to establish a scoring system for predicting such infections. Methods: Patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2015 to March 2019 were divided randomly into a model group and a test group in a proportion of 3:1. According to whether an SSI occurred after operation, the model group was divided into an incision-infection group and a non-infection group. Univariable analysis and multivariable regression analysis were used to analyze factors related to post-operative incision infection and to establish a clinical predictive scoring system. The scoring system was evaluated for the test group. Results: A total of 236 patients, 177 in the model group and 59 in the test group, were included. In the model group, univariable and logistic regression analysis showed that tumor nature (benign versus malignant), post-operative albumin concentration, pancreatic fistula formation, post-operative cough, and peri-operative blood transfusion were the independent risk factors for incision infection. Then we established a clinical predictive scoring system. In the test group, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of the system was 0.768 (p < 0.001, with sensitivity = 59.1% and specificity = 94.6%). Conclusion: The scoring system had good clinical prediction ability and high specificity, so it was worth using in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao-Yang Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Wen Rao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Yi Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Qin L, Zhang L, Jiang JY, Wang CJ, Dou XW, Wan L, Yang MH. [High-throughput screening of ochratoxin A in Chinese herbal medicines using enzyme-linked immunoassay]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 44:5072-5077. [PMID: 32237339 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190916.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ic-ELISA) was developed for the rapid detection of ochratoxin A( OTA) in nutmeg( Myristicae Semen),ginger( Zingiberis Rhizoma) and turmeric( Curcumae Longae Rhizoma). The matrix matching standard curve was used instead of the standard curve of sample diluent,and the sample extract and sample diluent were optimized. The sensitivity( IC_(50)) of this method for OTA in nutmeg,ginger and turmeric were determined as 0. 146,0. 157 and 0. 153 ng·m L~(-1),respectively and the limits of detection( LODs) were 0. 040,0. 032 and 0. 031 ng·m L~(-1),respectively. The recovery of samples ranged from 75. 99% to 122. 3%,with RSD<10%. Two positive samples for nutmeg and one positive sample for turmeric occurred in 50 samples,and the highest OTA contamination value was 1 167. 8 μg·kg~(-1). The results were further confirmed by LC-MS/MS. It shows that the developed ic-ELISA method is simple,rapid and sensitive,and can be applied for rapid and high-throughput screening of OTA in nutmeg,ginger and turmeric,as well as some other CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- College of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137,China Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Jia-Yi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Chang-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Xiao-Wen Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Li Wan
- College of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137,China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
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Qin L, Jiang JY, Zhang L, Dou XW, Ouyang Z, Wan L, Yang MH. Occurrence and analysis of mycotoxins in domestic Chinese herbal medicines. Mycology 2020; 11:126-146. [PMID: 32923021 PMCID: PMC7448902 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1727578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For time immemorial, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used in China for disease treatment and promotion of general well-being. However, in recent years, many studies have shown that mycotoxins produced by fungi could contaminate CHMs due to unfavourable pre- or post-harvest conditions, raising major concern for consumer safety. At present, there is a significant focus on developing novel mycotoxin detection methods for analysing CHMs, and numerous studies have aimed to determine which kinds of raw herbal materials are most susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding and detection of mycotoxins in domestic raw herbal materials and related products from 2000 to 2018. Aspects of mycotoxin contamination of CHMs covered in this review include common mycotoxin contaminants in CHMs, maximum mycotoxin residue limits, analytical methods for mycotoxin detection and their applications and limitations, as well as a brief discussion of the trends in ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Yi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Wan
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Jiang JY, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Sun X, Hu X, Huang H, Ren LJ. Integration of lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles reveals novel genes and regulatory mechanisms of Schizochytrium sp. in response to salt stress. Bioresour Technol 2019; 294:122231. [PMID: 31606596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of salt stress on the physiological, lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles of halophilic microalga Schizochytrium sp. were investigated. In general, Schizochytrium sp. could survive under high osmotic fermentation medium containing 30 g/L NaCl, and showed a significant increase in C14:0 percentage in total fatty acids. In lipidomic analysis, C14:0 was specifically enriched in phosphatidylcholine (PC), and membrane phospholipids participated in the salt stress response mostly. Specially, one novel signal lipid N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) (18:0/20:3/14:0) was upregulated significantly. Transcriptomic analysis revealed glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) and phospholipase ABHD3 (PLABDH3) were involved in C14:0 metabolism and NAPE biosynthesis. Signalling pathways they mediated were activated as evident by high expression level of Myristoyl-CoA: protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) and NAPE-hydrolyzing PLD (NAPE-PLD). This study gives us an insight in specific responses to salt stress in Schizochytrium sp. and provides a considerable proportion of novel genes that could commendably be used for engineering modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu TianKai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, P.R. China), No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and diagnostic strategies of early hydatidiform mole. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 526 women with hydatidiform mole who underwent suction curettage and were confirmed by histopathology in Dalian Maternal and ChildHealth Care Hospital from Feb. 2013 to Feb. 2018, including 484 women with gestational age less than or equal to 12 weeks (the early group) and 42 women with gestational age greater than 12 weeks (the late group). The clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared, and the pathological diagnosis and pre-evacuation ultrasound examination of the early group were further discussed. Results: Compared with the late group, the clinical characteristics of the early group tended to be atypical, and the incidence of vaginal bleeding, excessive uterine size, theca lutein cysts (>6 cm) and pregnancy complications decreased significantly (all P<0.05). The serum level of β-hCG in the early group was significantly lower than that in the late group (Z=-2.382, P=0.017). While there was no significant difference in the pre-evacuation ultrasound detection rate between the two groups (53.5% vs 66.7%; χ(2)=2.697, P=0.101). Five hundred and fifteen patients completed the follow-up, and 38 patients with post-mole neoplasia were all cured. There was no significant difference in the malignant transformation rate of hydatidiform mole between the two groups (7.0% vs 11.9%; χ(2)=0.745, P=0.388). In the early group, 302 cases of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM), 179 cases of partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) and 3 cases of unclassified hydatidiform mole (UHM) were histologically diagnosed, according to pathological morphology combined with p57(KIP2) immunohistochemical staining. Compared with pathological diagnosis, the overall pre-evacuation ultrasound detection rate in the early hydatidiform mole was 53.5% (259/484), which was significantly better for complete (78.1%, 236/302) versus partial (11.7%, 21/179) hydatidiform moles (χ(2)=199.224, P<0.01). There was significantly weak negative correlation between the overall ultrasound detection rate and gestational age of hydatidiform mole (r=-0.211, P<0.01). The gestational age of early PHM was significantly longer than that of CHM (68.0 vs 58.5 days; Z=-8.048, P<0.01). Conclusions: The clinical presentations of early hydatidiform mole are not typical. Although ultrasound examination identifies only about half of hydatidiform moles, ultrasonography is still an important auxiliary examination method. Morphological examination combined with p57(K)IP2 immunohistochemical staining could effectively diagnose early hydatidiform mole, so as to reduce the missed diagnosis of hydatidiform mole.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Jiao
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital & Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, China
| | - S Y You
- Department of Ultrasound, Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital & Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Y P Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital & Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital & Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, China
| | - J Y Jiang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital & Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116033, China
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Zhang YT, Jiang JY, Shi TQ, Sun XM, Zhao QY, Huang H, Ren LJ. Application of the CRISPR/Cas system for genome editing in microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3239-3248. [PMID: 30877356 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are arguably the most abundant single-celled eukaryotes and are widely distributed in oceans and freshwater lakes. Moreover, microalgae are widely used in biotechnology to produce bioenergy and high-value products such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), bioactive peptides, proteins, antioxidants and so on. In general, genetic editing techniques were adapted to increase the production of microalgal metabolites. The main genome editing tools available today include zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas nuclease system. Due to its high genome editing efficiency, the CRISPR/Cas system is emerging as the most important genome editing method. In this review, we summarized the available literature on the application of CRISPR/Cas in microalgal genetic engineering, including transformation methods, strategies for the expression of Cas9 and sgRNA, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knock-in/knock-out strategies, and CRISPR interference expression modification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Yu Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
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Wang HL, Jiang L, Lyu FZ, Ma XS, Xia XL, Jiang JY. [Radiographic assessment of vertebral artery injury in anterior cervical surgery in healthy adults]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 55:198-202. [PMID: 28241721 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To study the relationship between the anatomical parameters of transverse foramen and intervertebral discs in the cross-section of the cervical spine in healthy adults, and to evaluate the risk of vertebral artery injury in the anterior cervical spine surgery. Methods: There were 24 healthy adults(12 male, 12 female) underwent neck CT angiography with clear vertebral artery and the adjacent structure imaging from June to December 2014 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. The anatomical parameters of vertebral artery V2 segment with lower cervical vertebrae and intervertebral discs were measured by cross-sectional images of C(3-6). The corresponding parameters of different sex and both sides of the same segment were analyzed by independent samples t-test and paired t test, respectively. The least significant difference(LSD) t test was used to compare the corresponding data between different segments. Results: The vertebral artery was not walking in the middle of the transverse foramen in healthy individual, but partial medial, partial front walking. Transverse diameter of transverse foramen in male and female were 6.62-6.89 mm and 6.21-6.45 mm, and sagittal diameter was 5.41-6.48 mm and 5.40-6.10 mm, respectively.The transverse foramen were slightly oval. The distance between vertebral artery and midline in male and female were 14.23-16.12 mm and 13.60-15.04 mm, respectively, which was much larger than the width of cervical vertebral corpectomy. Compared with C(3-4), intervertebral disc, the transverse distance between the vertebral artery and the uncovertebral joint of C(4-5), C(5-6) was smaller, and the distance from the vertebral artery to the posterior margin of the uncovertebral joint was relatively small, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.449, P=0.022). The distance from vertebral artery to the posterior margin of uncinate process was 1/5-2/5 of the distance between the anterior and posterior edge of the corresponding segmental vertebra. Conclusion: Based on this anatomical study, the risk of vertebral artery injury in conventional anterior cervical decompression is small, and the risk of vertebral artery injury in different segments is slightly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Qu XC, Jiang JY, Cheng C, Feng L, Liu QG. Cloning and transcriptional expression of a novel gene during sex inversion of the rice field eel (Monopterus albus). Springerplus 2015; 4:745. [PMID: 26693104 PMCID: PMC4666882 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We performed annealing control primer (ACP)-based differential-display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) to isolate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the stage IV ovary and ovotestis of the rice field eel, Monopterus albus. Using 20
arbitrary ACP primers, 14 DEG expressed-sequence tags were identified and sequenced. The transcriptional expression of one DEG, G2, was significantly greater in the ovotestis than the stage IV ovary. To understand the role of G2 in sex inversion, G2 cDNA was cloned and semi-RT-PCR, real time PCR were performed during gonad development. The full-length G2 cDNA was 650 base pairs (bp) and it comprised a 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of 82 bp, a 3′-UTR of 121 bp and an open reading frame of 444 bp that encoded a 148-amino acid protein. The expression of G2 was weak during early ovarian development
until the stage IV ovary, but expression increased significantly with gonad development. We speculate that G2 may play an important function during sex inversion and testis development in the rice field eel, but the full details of the function of this gene requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Qu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - J Y Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004 China
| | - C Cheng
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - L Feng
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Q G Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
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Yao HY, Jiang JY, Cheng YS, Chen ZY, Her TH, Chang TH. Modal analysis and efficient coupling of TE₀₁ mode in small-core THz Bragg fibers. Opt Express 2015; 23:27266-27281. [PMID: 26480387 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.027266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a design of low-loss THz Bragg fibers with a core size on the order of wavelength that operates near the cutoff frequency of its TE01 mode. We also propose a broadband Y-type mode converter based on branched rectangular metallic waveguides to facilitate coupling between the TE01 mode of the Bragg fiber and the TEM mode in free space with 60% efficiency. Our fiber holds strong promise to facilitate beam-wave interaction in gyrotron for high-efficiency THz generation.
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Abstract
Programmed necrosis or necroptosis is an alternative form of cell death that is
executed through a caspase-independent pathway. Necroptosis has been implicated in
many pathological conditions. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of necroptotic
signaling has been shown to confer neuroprotection after traumatic and ischemic brain
injury. Therefore, the necroptotic pathway represents a potential target for
neurological diseases that are managed by neurosurgeons. In this review, we summarize
recent advances in the understanding of necroptotic signaling pathways and explore
the role of necroptotic cell death in craniocerebral trauma, brain tumors, and
cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y H Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Y Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Chen L, Wan JQ, Zhou JP, Fan YL, Jiang JY. Gene expression analysis of ruptured and un-ruptured saccular intracranial aneurysm. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:1374-1381. [PMID: 23740452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA) is the most common type abnormality of all intracranial aneurysms, the biological mechanisms of sIA are not fully understood. METHODS We downloaded microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database which includes 11 ruptured intracranial aneurysm samples and 8 unruptured intracranial aneurysm samples. Significant Analysis of Microarray (SAM) was employed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. RESULTS We found 2129 genes differentially expressed in rupture sIA, of which 1062 genes up-regulated and 1057 genes down-regulated. Functional analysis demonstrated these genes were significantly associated with inflammatory response, wounding response and defense response. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that these genes may play important roles in the pathogenesis of sIAs. Results suggested that four transcription factors (TFs) could cooperated with each other, together with several microRNAs play roles in the pathonegensis of ruptured sIAs. CONCLUSIONS All of above results indicate the existence of DEGs between ruptured and unruptured sIAs, which regulating the pathogenesis of ruptured sIAs. TFs and microRNAs may also play key roles in ruptured sIAs. This research hints a new thought to the therapy of ruptured sIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Dong HJ, Jiang JY, Chen QL. Development of a cell immobilization technique for the conversion of polysialogangliosides to monosialotetrahexosylganglioside. Pharm Biol 2011; 49:805-809. [PMID: 21500968 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.550053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM₁) prepared from the brain of pig or bovine is an effective clinical drug in the treatment of different nervous system diseases. Generally, polysialogangliosides are transformed into GM₁ by enzymic or chemical hydrolysis due to the very poor level of natural GM₁. OBJECTIVE To continuously obtain GM₁ by cell immobilization in a packed-bed reactor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brevibacterium casei, which is Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the order Actinomyces and family Brevibacteriaceae, can produce high-activity sialidase, are encapsulated in silk fibroin hydrogel, and subsequently packed into a reactor. The crude ganglioside is pumped into the reactor and continuously turned to GM₁. RESULTS The optimal silk fibroin concentration for hydrogel preparation is 6.0% (w/v). The optimal initial biomass for immobilization is ~12% (wet weight). The optimal conversion conditions are 35 °C and 6 mL/min of flow rate. Under above conditions, the maximum GM₁ productive strength and conversion ratio can reach to 4.2 g/L·h and 313.5%, respectively. DISCUSSION Silk fibroin is a promising material for cell immobilization because it has predominant characteristics of higher permeability and intensity. Cell immobilization for continuous GM₁ transformation could eliminate the asialo GM₁ and decrease the foreign matter from transfer medium and metabolism product. CONCLUSION In the packed-bed reactor, continuous production of GM₁ had been under effective running at least for 15 days indicating a potential for industrial production. It is significant that this is a first report on cell immobilization for GM₁ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Dong
- Research and Design Center, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, China.
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Abstract
AIMS Dyslipidaemia is a poorly-controlled condition in clinical practice largely because of poor adherence to medication regimens by patients. This study evaluated the levels of and factors associated with adherence to lipid-lowering agents in a large Chinese population. METHODS From a validated clinical database, we included all patients who attended any public, primary care clinics in one large Territory of Hong Kong for medication refill at least twice during the study period January 2004 to June 2007. The major outcome variable was Medication Possession Ratio (MPR), an internationally-recognised metric to measure drug adherence. The factors associated with optimal drug adherence (MPR ≥ 0.8) were evaluated by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS From 11,042 eligible patients, 90% were adherent. After adjusting for patients' age, gender, socioeconomic status, service type, district of residence, visit type (new visits vs. follow-up visits), the number of comorbidities and the drug class (statin vs. fibrates), older patients [aged 50-59 years; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.30, p = 0.009; 60-69 years; AOR 1.53, p < 0.001; ≥ 70 years; AOR 1.72, p < 0.001], attendance in family medicine specialist clinics (FMSC; AOR 1.56, p < 0.001), follow-up visits (AOR 2.93, p < 0.001) and the presence of comorbidities (one comorbidity; AOR 1.45, p < 0.001; ≥ 2 comorbidities; AOR 1.56, p < 0.001) were associated with optimal drug adherence. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings carry an implication that younger subjects, new patients, visitors in clinics other than FMSC and those without comorbidities should receive more meticulous monitoring of their medication-taking behaviour. Future studies should evaluate the major reasons for non-adherence among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C S Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Wong MCS, Jiang JY, Griffiths SM. Switching of antihypertensive drugs among 93 286 Chinese patients: a cohort study. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 24:669-77. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2009.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Feng JF, Liang YM, Bao YH, Pan YH, Jiang JY. Multiple primary primitive neuroectodermal tumours within the spinal epidural space with non-concurrent onset. J Int Med Res 2008; 36:366-70. [PMID: 18380950 DOI: 10.1177/147323000803600222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of multiple primary primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs), which occurred at different levels of the spinal epidural space successively over a period of 8 months, is reported. A 24-year-old male, presenting with rapidly progressive paralysis, hyperthesia and a posterior epidural mass extending from T8 to T10 revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), exhibited a good recovery after initial emergency surgery. Lower back pain, chest pain and paralysis were subsequently reported. Spinal MRI in month 7 revealed a mass extending from T12 to L1 and another mass extending from T4 to T5 was detected epidurally in month 8. Additional operations were performed and radiotherapy was given. Pathological findings were consistent with PNETs and symptoms improved with treatment, particularly following each surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University/School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Yan ZY, Hua BL, Ma XH, Jiang JY, Fan LK, Wang SJ, Zhu TN, Bai CM, Pan JQ, Zhao YQ. [Risk factors analysis in 672 hospitalized patients with venous thromboembolism]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2007; 28:579-582. [PMID: 18246810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the frequency, clinical features and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients. METHODS The frequency, demographic features, and acquired and inherited factors of in-patient cases of VTE in Peking union medical college hospital from 1994 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Six hundred and seventy-two patients were enrolled. Among them, male to female ratio was 1.2 and the median age was 53 (14 - 92). Five hundred and eighty (86.3%) patients were at their first diagnosis with the peak ages between 40 and 50 for men and 50 and 60 for women. More common acquired risk factors were antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) (32.0%), trauma / surgery (31.1%) and malignancies (17.1%). 35.7% of the patients had multiple acquired risk factors. Before the initiation of anticoagulation therapy, the activities of protein C (PC), protein S (PS) and antithrombin (AT) were measured in 94 patients. The deficiency of these three natural anticoagulants was 44.7%. Among the anticoagulant deficiencies, PC deficiency was the commonest one (13.8%). Combined deficiency of PC and AT accounted for 10.6%. 31.6% of the 94 patients had inherited plus acquired risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Age for the first event of VTE in the men was about 10 years ahead of that in the women. The major acquired risk factors were APS, trauma/surgery and malignancies, and inherited risk factors were PC deficiency and PC + AT combined deficiencies. It seems that the coexistence of multiple risk factors plays an important role in triggering VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Yan
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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24
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Srinivasan VJ, Huber R, Gorczynska I, Fujimoto JG, Jiang JY, Reisen P, Cable AE. High-speed, high-resolution optical coherence tomography retinal imaging with a frequency-swept laser at 850 nm. Opt Lett 2007; 32:361-3. [PMID: 17356653 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
High-speed, high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the human retina is demonstrated using a frequency-swept laser at 850 nm. A compact external cavity semiconductor laser design, optimized for swept-source ophthalmic OCT, is described. The laser enables an effective 16 kHz sweep rate with >10 mm coherence length and a tuning range of approximately 35 nm full width at half-maximum, yielding an axial resolution of <7 micro m in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Srinivasan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University, Hangzhou, ZheJiang, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. We tried to elucidate the possible prognostic factors. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of ATC patients in National Taiwan University Hospital from 1978 to 2003. Their demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, laboratory data and treatment modalities were reviewed. Possible prognostic factors for survival were evaluated. RESULTS Forty-five patients (14 males and 31 females) of mean age 61.9 +/- 12.6 yr were included in this study. The median survival time was 94 days (range 6 to 776 days). The overall survival rate was 27% at 6 months and 10% at 1 yr. Thirty-two patients receiving intervention regimens had a median survival of 106 days, while 13 patients receiving palliative therapy had a median survival of 39 days. The difference in survival is statistically significant (logrank test, p = 0.017). Adjusted with sex and age, increment in white blood cell count (per 10(9)/l) and serum albumin (per 1.0 g/l) had a hazard ratio of 1.12 (Cox regression, p < 0.001) and 0.92 (p = 0.041), respectively. Patients with leukocytosis [white blood cell (WBC) count > 10(10)/l] or hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin < 35 g/l) had significant shorter survival than patients without leukocytosis or hypoalbuminemia (logrank test p = 0.008 and p = 0.032, respectively). Patients with serum T4 levels lower than 64.35 nmol/l had significantly shorter survival than patients without hypothyroxinemia (median survival 24 vs 128 days, logrank test, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS ATC is an aggressive malignancy. Leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia and hypothyroxinemia indicated poor prognosis. Survival time might be prolonged if intervention treatment is tolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei County, Taiwan
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Huber R, Wojtkowski M, Fujimoto JG, Jiang JY, Cable AE. Three-dimensional and C-mode OCT imaging with a compact, frequency swept laser source at 1300 nm. Opt Express 2005; 13:10523-38. [PMID: 19503267 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.010523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate high resolution, three-dimensional OCT imaging with a high speed, frequency swept 1300 nm laser source. A new external cavity semiconductor laser design, optimized for application to swept source OCT, is discussed. The design of the laser enables adjustment of an internal spectral filter to change the filter bandwidth and provides a robust bulk optics design. The laser generates ~30 mW instantaneous peak power at an effective 16 kHz sweep rate with a tuning range of ~133 nm full width. In frequency domain reflectometry and OCT applications, 109 dB sensitivity and ~10 microm axial resolution in tissue can be achieved with the swept laser. The high imaging speeds enable three-dimensional OCT imaging, including zone focusing or C-mode imaging and image fusion to acquire large depth of field data sets with high resolution. In addition, three-dimensional OCT data provides coherence gated en face images similar to optical coherence microscopy (OCM) and also enables the generation of images similar to confocal microscopy by summing signals in the axial direction. High speed, three-dimensional OCT imaging can provide comprehensive data which combines the advantages of optical coherence tomography and microscopy in a single system.
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Juhasz AL, Naidu R, Zhu YG, Wang LS, Jiang JY, Cao ZH. Toxicity issues associated with geogenic arsenic in the groundwater-soil-plant-human continuum. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 71:1100-1107. [PMID: 14756276 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A L Juhasz
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Mail Bag 2, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, S.A. 5064, Australia
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Jiang JY, Macchiarelli G, Tsang BK, Sato E. Capillary angiogenesis and degeneration in bovine ovarian antral follicles. Reproduction 2003; 125:211-23. [PMID: 12578535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and capillary degeneration are both evident during ovarian follicle growth. However, the characteristics and distribution of thecal capillary proliferative and degenerative structures have not been fully defined. Indeed, the role of thecal microvasculature changes in follicular atresia is still a matter of debate. The present study examined the distribution of thecal capillary changes occurring during follicular growth and related the changes to capillary morphology (by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, on bovine ovarian corrosion casts) with the incidence of capillary apoptosis (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling, TUNEL) and follicular status (as confirmed by follicular fluid steroid concentrations). SEM demonstrated well-perfused vascular plexuses of small to large antral follicles with structural and functional changes to capillaries. Angiogenesis was evident mainly in the apical part of the inner capillary layer of medium follicles and the middle or basal part of the inner capillary layer of dominant follicles that exhibited high oestradiol:progesterone ratios. Degenerative capillaries were observed mainly in the outer vascular layers of small follicles, and in the inner and outer vascular layers of medium antral follicles. Although apoptotic structures were present only in the outer capillaries of the theca interna of morphologically healthy antral follicles, atretic follicles showed apoptotic structures in both the outer and inner thecal capillary layers. These results show that angiogenesis increases during bovine follicular growth and occurs unevenly in different inner theca regions of the follicles. The differential angiogenic and degenerative response of theca interna capillaries may reflect differences in the microenvironment of the follicles, which in turn determine the fate of the follicles (continued growth versus atresia).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
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30
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Abstract
Angiogenesis and capillary degeneration are both evident during ovarian follicle growth. However, the characteristics and distribution of thecal capillary proliferative and degenerative structures have not been fully defined. Indeed, the role of thecal microvasculature changes in follicular atresia is still a matter of debate. The present study examined the distribution of thecal capillary changes occurring during follicular growth and related the changes to capillary morphology (by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, on bovine ovarian corrosion casts) with the incidence of capillary apoptosis (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling, TUNEL) and follicular status (as confirmed by follicular fluid steroid concentrations). SEM demonstrated well-perfused vascular plexuses of small to large antral follicles with structural and functional changes to capillaries. Angiogenesis was evident mainly in the apical part of the inner capillary layer of medium follicles and the middle or basal part of the inner capillary layer of dominant follicles that exhibited high oestradiol:progesterone ratios. Degenerative capillaries were observed mainly in the outer vascular layers of small follicles, and in the inner and outer vascular layers of medium antral follicles. Although apoptotic structures were present only in the outer capillaries of the theca interna of morphologically healthy antral follicles, atretic follicles showed apoptotic structures in both the outer and inner thecal capillary layers. These results show that angiogenesis increases during bovine follicular growth and occurs unevenly in different inner theca regions of the follicles. The differential angiogenic and degenerative response of theca interna capillaries may reflect differences in the microenvironment of the follicles, which in turn determine the fate of the follicles (continued growth versus atresia).
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Abstract
The microvasculature of porcine ovaries, with special regard to the follicles in the interstitial-stromal tissue, was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts. Porcine ovaries displayed several coiled arteries in the hilus and many branches with small diameters and a tightly spiraling configuration in the cortical areas. However, small arterioles became straight before entering vascular complexes of follicles and finally divided into capillaries. Vascular baskets of various sizes (150-9,900 micro m in diameter) and architecture related to follicles in various developmental stages were observed in the ovarian cortex. Small follicles (150-300 micro m in diameter) began with a polygonal meshwork of a few large capillary meshes and developed to an obvious spherical microvascular network with a thin single layer of capillaries when reaching 500-700 micro m in diameter. The microvascular architecture of follicles 1,000-2,000 micro m in diameter developed further and had a three-layer vascular plexus. With a diameter of more than 2,000 micro m, the microvasculature of antral follicles was arranged as an inner vascular plexus of about 25 micro m, a middle plexus of about 100 micro m, and an outer capillary plexus of about 30 micro m in thickness. The present observations indicate that follicular vascular baskets of diverse sizes and architecture in various developmental stages support the gradual increase of follicular blood flow during follicle growth in the pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
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Sato E, Jiang JY. Follicular development and ovulation in hypothyroid rdw rats. Ital J Anat Embryol 2002; 106:249-56. [PMID: 11732584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we summarized our recent studies on follicular development and ovulation in the presence or absence of thyroxine (T4) and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) treatment in infertile immature spontaneously hypothyroid rdw rats. T4 therapy once daily from postnatal day 21 to day 29 resulted in increases in ovarian weight on day 30 (P 0.01). Similar populations of both healthy and atretic antral follicles ranging in diameter from 101-400 microm were observed in control rdw and normal rats. T4 treatment markedly increased the numbers of healthy antral follicles of 101-400 microm or larger than 550 microm in diameter in the absence or presence of eCG, respectively, in rdw rats. On the other hand, T4 treatment did not affect the population of atretic antral follicles, but decreased the number of atretic large antral follicles (>400 microm) in the presence of eCG. Although a few (5+/-2) eggs were obtained from immature rdw rats treated with gonadotrophins alone, significantly more eggs (85+/-5) were ovulated from females treated with gonadotrophins and T4. As a control, normal littermates ovulated 45 eggs when treated with gonadotrophins only and 68 eggs when to them were also given T4. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that T4 treatment improved follicular development in the presence of eCG and significantly increased the number of ovulated eggs following hCG treatment in rdw rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sato
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Abstract
Female hypothyroid (hyt) mice are infertile, but the reason for this infertility is not yet known. The present study was conducted to determine whether hypothyroidism induced infertility in immature and mature hyt mice. Furthermore, animals were treated with thyroxine and gonadotrophins at different times to determine whether infertility was due to failure of follicular development, implantation or pregnancy. There were no significant differences in the numbers of ovulated eggs induced by gonadotrophin treatment or the percentages of eggs developed in vitro among immature normal controls, hyt and thyroxine-treated hyt mice. Mature hyt mice showed continuous dioestrus, and ovulated significantly fewer eggs after gonadotrophin treatment and failed to establish pregnancy after mating compared with mature control mice. Mature hyt mice had significantly fewer corpora lutea > 500 microm in diameter and significantly lower progesterone concentrations. Thyroxine treatment before mating in hyt mice resulted in well-developed corpora lutea, an increase in progesterone and normal pregnancy, regardless of subsequent thyroxine administration. In conclusion, infertility occurs in mature rather than immature hyt mice, is due to the failure of follicular development and pregnancy, and can be reversed by thyroxine treatment before mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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Dong Y, Zhu C, Jiang JY. [Stem cells in the adult mammalian central nervous stem]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2001; 32:141-3. [PMID: 12545885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Abstract
Vitrification of oocytes and embryos has recently been improved using new physical supports such as electron microscope (EM) grids, open-pulled straws, and cryoloops. However, the number of samples per container was restricted in each of these methods. In the present study, to develop a novel simple technique for vitrification of large quantities of oocytes or embryos, we examined vitrification of large quantities of immature bovine oocytes using nylon mesh as a novel container. As many as 65 oocyte-cumulus cell complexes could be placed on nylon mesh for vitrification compared with 15 per EM grid. Recovery rates were higher when using nylon mesh than EM grids, while fertilization and development rates were not different. These results indicated that vitrification using nylon mesh is useful and offers a new way to cryopreserve large numbers of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
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Jiang JY, Umezu M, Sato E. Characteristics of infertility and the improvement of fertility by thyroxine treatment in adult male hypothyroid rdw rats. Biol Reprod 2000; 63:1637-41. [PMID: 11090430 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod63.6.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that rdw rats were infertile in both sexes. The present study was conducted to determine whether hypothyroidism in adult male rdw rats induced infertility by impairing sexual behavior or testicular function, whether the infertility could be reversed by thyroxine (T(4)) treatment, and whether the mutant could be produced by infertile rdw rats via in vitro fertilization. The sexual behavior was analyzed by pairing with normal female rats. The fertility of epididymal sperm was determined by in vitro fertilization. The results indicated that the infertility resulted from both defective sexual behavior and testicular function. No untreated rdw rats mated. The weights of epididymides were significantly low, whereas those of testes were not different from those of untreated normal rats. Epididymal sperm with cytoplasmic droplets were observed at a significantly high frequency. No fertilization was detected either in vivo or in vitro. Thyroxine treatment markedly increased serum T(4) levels and the weights of both epididymides and testes. Partial reversion of the impaired sexual behavior was observed, and the percentage of epididymal sperm with cytoplasmic droplets was markedly decreased after T(4) treatment. Fertility of epididymal sperm was completely reversed when determined both in vivo and in vitro, and homozygous embryos developed to term after transfer without loss of viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
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Jiang JY, Umezu M, Sato E. Improvement of follicular development rather than gonadotrophin secretion by thyroxine treatment in infertile immature hypothyroid rdw rats. J Reprod Fertil 2000; 119:193-9. [PMID: 10864830 DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1190193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive study of reproductive abnormalities in female hypothyroid animals, little is known of folliculogenesis and gonadotrophin secretion in spontaneously hypothyroid animals, especially in response to exogenous hormone treatment. In this study, follicular development and plasma hormone concentrations in the presence or absence of thyroxine and eCG treatment were investigated in infertile immature spontaneously hypothyroid rdw rats. Administration of thyroxine once a day from day 21 to day 29 after birth resulted in increases in body weight (P < 0.001) and ovary mass on day 30 (P < 0.01). Similar populations of both healthy and atretic antral follicles ranging from 101 to 400 micrometer in diameter were observed in control rdw and normal rats. In rdw rats, thyroxine treatment markedly increased the number of healthy antral uniovular follicles 101-400 or > 550 micrometer in diameter in the absence or presence of eCG, respectively. Combined treatment of thyroxine and eCG in rdw rats also markedly increased the number of healthy antral biovular follicles. Thyroxine treatment did not affect the population of atretic antral follicles, but resulted in decrease in the number of atretic large antral follicles (> 400 microm) in the presence of eCG. Plasma oestradiol concentrations in rdw rats given both thyroxine and eCG were significantly higher than they were in rdw rats given eCG alone (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in plasma FSH concentrations on day 28 between rdw (10.7 +/- 1.6 ng ml(-1)) and normal rats (12.0 +/- 1.4 ng ml(-1); P > 0. 05). Although there were no significant differences in plasma LH concentrations between control rdw (1.9 +/- 0.1 ng ml(-1)) and normal rats on day 30 (1.8 +/- 0.1 ng ml(-1); P > 0.05), eCG treatment increased plasma LH to a peak concentration 52 h after injection in normal (24.9 +/- 2.4 ng ml(-1)) but not in rdw rats treated with thyroxine (4.8 +/- 0.3 ng ml(-1); P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that thyroxine treatment improves follicular development but does not rescue the defect of the preovulatory surge of LH in eCG-primed rdw rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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Wong JT, Chan M, Lee D, Jiang JY, Skrzypczak M, Choy PC. Phosphatidylcholine metabolism in human endothelial cells: modulation by phosphocholine. Mol Cell Biochem 2000; 207:95-100. [PMID: 10888232 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007054601256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine is the principal phospholipid in mammalian tissues, and a major source for the production of arachidonic acid. In this study, the effect of exogenous phosphocholine, a precursor of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, on the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was investigated. Incubation of endothelial cells with exogenous phosphocholine at concentrations of 1 to 5 mM was found to inhibit choline uptake and its subsequent incorporation into phosphatidylcholine. Phosphocholine appeared to inhibit choline uptake in a competitive manner. Since phosphatidylcholine is metabolized mainly by the action of phospholipase A2, with the release of arachidonic acid and other fatty acids, the effect of phosphocholine on arachidonic acid release in endothelial cells was also examined. The induction of arachidonic acid release by ATP was enhanced in cells treated with 1 mM phosphocholine. In vitro assays of phospholipase A2 activity in cells incubated with phosphocholine, however, did not produced any significant change in the activity of this enzyme. The results of this study show that phosphocholine modulates the biosynthesis and catabolism of phosphatidylcholine in an indirect manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Golfman LS, Haughey NJ, Wong JT, Jiang JY, Lee D, Geiger JD, Choy PC. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces arachidonic acid release and calcium overload in cardiac myoblastic H9c2 cells. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:1818-26. [PMID: 10508201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) and arachidonate are products of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by phospholipase A(2). In this study, the modulation of arachidonate release by exogenous lyso-PC in rat heart myoblastic H9c2 cells was examined. Incubation of H9c2 cells with lyso-PC resulted in an enhanced release of arachidonate in both a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Lyso-PC species containing palmitoyl (C(16:0)) or stearoyl (C(18:0)) groups evoked the highest amount of arachidonate release, while other lysophospholipid species were relatively ineffective. Cells treated with phospholipase A(2) inhibitors resulted in the attenuation of the enhanced arachidonate release in the presence of lyso-PC. Lyso-PC caused the translocation of phospholipase A(2) from the cytosol to the membrane fraction and induced an increase in Ca2+ flux from the medium into the cells. Nimodipine, a specific Ca(2+)-channel blocker, partially attenuated the lyso-PC-induced rise in intracellular Ca2+. Concurrent with Ca2+ influx, lyso-PC caused an enhancement of protein kinase C activity. The lyso-PC-induced arachidonate release was attenuated when cells were pre-incubated with specific protein kinase C and mitogen activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that the lyso-PC-induced increases in levels of intracellular calcium and stimulation of protein kinase C lead to the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) which results in the enhancement of arachidonate release in H9c2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Golfman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0W3
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40
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Jiang JY, Miyoshi K, Umezu M, Sato E. Superovulation of immature hypothyroid rdw rats by thyroxine therapy and the development of eggs after in vitro fertilization. J Reprod Fertil 1999; 116:19-24. [PMID: 10505052 DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1160019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of thyroxine on ovulation in immature rdw rats and the fertilization and development of the eggs. Serum thyroxine concentrations at 30 days of age were significantly lower in rdw rats than in normal rats (P < 0.001), and greatly increased after thyroxine replacement therapy (P < 0.001). Although few eggs (1-5 +/- 1-2) were obtained from immature rdw rats treated with gonadotrophins alone, females treated with gonadotrophins and thyroxine ovulated significantly more eggs (85 +/- 5). As a control, normal littermates ovulated 21-45 eggs when treated with gonadotrophins alone, and 68 eggs when administered with gonadotrophins and thyroxine. Of the eggs collected from rdw rats treated with gonadotrophins and thyroxine, and inseminated with spermatozoa from mature F1 males, 98% were penetrated and in almost all (99%) of these eggs, male and female pronuclei formed. Forty-seven per cent of the pronuclear eggs developed to the blastocyst stage in vitro. After transfer to recipients, 21% (14/66) of one-cell and 22% (8/37) of two-cell embryos developed to offspring, and 62% (8/13) of pups were of rdw/rdw genotype. The average body weight (6.9 versus 7.8 g) of offspring derived from one-cell embryos was lower than that for two-cell embryos. The morulae and blastocysts did not develop to term, although 41% implanted in the uterine horns of recipients. In conclusion, in immature rdw rats, superovulation was induced by gonadotrophins combined with thyroxine therapy and the superovulated oocytes were fertilized and developed in vitro and developed to term after embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jiang
- Animal Reproduction Unit, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Jiang JY, Umezu M, Sato E. Vitrification of two-cell rat embryos derived from immature hypothyroid rdw rats by in vitro fertilization in ethylene glycol-based solutions. Cryobiology 1999; 38:160-4. [PMID: 10191039 DOI: 10.1006/cryo.1999.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two-cell embryos derived from immature rdw rats by in vitro fertilization (IVF) were vitrified in ethylene glycol-based solutions. Embryos exposed to EFS20 before being vitrified in EFS40 exhibited improved viability in vitro. All embryos exposed to EFS20 for 1-3 min before vitrification in EFS40 were morphologically normal. However, 2-3 min of exposure to EFS20 increased the number of embryos that developed beyond the four-cell stage. More embryos exposed to EFS20 for 2-3 min developed to morulae (63-64%) and blastocysts (34-38%) than those exposed for 1 min (35 and 10%, respectively). After transfer, 33% of embryos exposed to EFS20 for 3 min and vitrified in EFS40 developed to term compared to 29% of fresh embryos. Fifteen (47%) of live young were homozygous rdw and all of the others were heterozygous rats. The present study demonstrated that vitrification in EFS solution can be routinely used to cryopreserve rat two-cell IVF-embryos with no loss of viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jiang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan.
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Jiang XM, Cao XY, Jiang JY, Tai M, James DW, Rakeman MA, Dou ZH, Mamette M, Amette K, Zhang ML, Delong GR. Dynamics of environmental supplementation of iodine: four years' experience of iodination of irrigation water in Hotien, Xinjiang, China. Arch Environ Health 1997; 52:399-408. [PMID: 9541360 DOI: 10.1080/00039899709602218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hotien prefecture, Xinjiang Province, China, in the Taklamakan Desert, is an area of severe iodine deficiency. Because usual methods of iodine supplementation failed here, we began supplementation in 1992 with potassium iodate, which was added to irrigation water (Lancet 1994; 334:107-110). We report 4 y experience with this method in 3 townships that contained a total treated population of 37,000. Potassium iodate was dripped into irrigation water (to a concentration 10-80 microg/l) during a 2- to 4-wk period. During the 3 y that followed, no further supplementation was made, and iodine concentrations increased several fold in crops and plants, sheep and chicken thyroid glands, and meat and in urine of children 2-6 y of age and of women who were of childbearing age. Infant mortality decreased 50%, and sheep production increased 43%. Iodine repletion of soil through irrigation water is an effective and cost-efficient way of providing iodine in appropriate situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Jiang
- Xinjiang Endemic Diseases Research Institute, Urumchi, People's Republic of China
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DeLong GR, Leslie PW, Wang SH, Jiang XM, Zhang ML, Rakeman M, Jiang JY, Ma T, Cao XY. Effect on infant mortality of iodination of irrigation water in a severely iodine-deficient area of China. Lancet 1997; 350:771-3. [PMID: 9297997 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)12365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hotien county in Xinjiang province, China, is an area of severe iodine deficiency and has a high infantmortality rate. We investigated whether iodine replacement through iodination of the irrigation water would decrease infant mortality. METHODS We added potassium iodate to irrigation water over a 2 to 4 week period beginning in 1992 in certain areas of three townships (Tusala, Long Ru, and Bakechi). Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the odds ratios for infant and neonatal mortality in treated and intreated areas. FINDINGS The median urinary iodine concentration significantly increased in women of child-bearing age from < 10 micrograms/L to 55 micrograms/L. Infant-mortality rates decreased in the treated areas of Long Ru (mean [SD] 58.2 [4.4] per 1000 births to 28.7 [7.1] per 1000 births), Tusala (47.4 [12.4] per 1000 births to 19.1 [1.5] per 1000 births), and Bakechi (106.2 [9.5] per 1000 births to 57.3 [7.3] per 1000 births). Similar results were also seen for neonatal mortality. On regression analysis iodine treatment and time were significant independent predictors of infant mortality. INTERPRETATION Iodine supplementation of irrigation water in areas of severe iodine deficiency decreases neonatal and infant mortality. Iodine replacement has probably been an important factor in the national decrease in infant mortality in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R DeLong
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
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Phillips LL, Lyeth BG, Hamm RJ, Jiang JY, Povlishock JT, Reeves TM. Effect of prior receptor antagonism on behavioral morbidity produced by combined fluid percussion injury and entorhinal cortical lesion. J Neurosci Res 1997; 49:197-206. [PMID: 9272642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have used an animal model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that incorporates both the neurotransmitter toxicity of fluid percussion TBI and deafferentation of bilateral entorhinal cortical (BEC) lesion to explore whether administration of muscarinic cholinergic or N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamatergic antagonists prior to injury ameliorates cognitive morbidity. Fifteen minutes prior to moderate central fluid percussion TBI, rats were given intraperitoneal injections of either scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg) or MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg) and 24 hr later underwent BEC lesion. Body weight was followed for 5 days postinjury, as was beam balance and beam walk performance to assure motor recovery prior to spatial memory testing. Each group was assessed for spatial memory deficits with the Morris water maze at short term (days 11-15) and long-term (60-64 days) postinjury intervals and then compared with untreated combined insult and sham-injured controls. Results showed that each drug significantly elevated body weight relative to untreated injured cases. Both scopolamine and MK-801 reduced beam balance deficits, whereas neither drug had a significant effect on beam walk deficits. Interestingly, short-term cognitive deficits assessed on days 11-15 were differentially affected by the two drugs: MK-801 pretreatment enhanced the recovery of spatial memory performance, whereas scopolamine pretreatment did not. Long-term (days 60-64) deficits in spatial memory were not altered by pretreatment with either drug. Our results suggest that, unlike fluid percussion TBI alone, behavioral impairment may require more select intervention when deafferentation is part of the head trauma pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Phillips
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
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Jiang JY, Wang GL. [Pre- and post-nursing of endoscopic therapy in patients with biliary tract disease]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1996; 31:584-5. [PMID: 9295533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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46
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha(2)-Adrenergic agonists such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine are known to produce sedation and analgesia in humans. The sedative effect of these agents is thought to occur through supraspinal pathways, involving the locus ceruleus (LC) and its projections in rats. While the antinociceptive response to alpha(2) agonists, given intrathecally, is mediated predominantly in the spinal cord, other sites of action have not been systematically studied. The authors examined whether alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors in the LC mediate an antinociceptive effect. METHODS For administration of different drugs into the LC, guide cannulas were placed with their tips in the LC in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Dexmedetomidine (3.5 micrograms/0.2 microliter) was microinjected into the LC through the cannula, or given systemically by intraperitoneal injecton (50 micrograms/kg). The antinociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine was measured using the tail-flick latency response. To determine the sites through which dexmedetomidine injection into the LC produces antinociception, the authors examined whether this response could be perturbed by the specific alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonists atipamezole and L659,066 and pertussis toxin administered either into the LC or intrathecally before injection of dexmedetomidine systemically or directly into the LC. To eliminate the possibility that drug administered in one site (LC or intrathecal) could reach the other site, the dispositional characteristics of radiolabeled dexmedetomidine (LC) or atipamezole (intrathecal) were studied. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine placed into the LC produces a dose-dependent increase in the tail-flick latency. This antinociceptive effect was blocked by pertussis toxin and by the alpha(2) antagonists atipamezole and L659,066 placed in the LC. Intrathecal administration of atipamezole and pertussis toxin also blocked the antinociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine placed in the LC. (3)H-dexmedetomidine introduced into the LC did not reach the spinal cord in pharmacologically active concentrations; also, intrathecally administered (3)H-atipamezole did not reach the LC in appreciable amounts. The systemic administration of dexmedetomidine produced an increase in tail-flick latency, and this effect was attenuated by the injection of atipamezole and L659,066 into the LC. CONCLUSIONS Part of the mechanism by which dexmedetomidine produces an antinociceptive effect is by an action directly on the LC, demonstrated by these studies in which antinociception produced by injection of this drug into the LC can be blocked by specific alpha(2) antagonists injected into the LC. Furthermore, the action of dexmedetomidine in the LC in turn may result in an increase in activation of alpha(2) adrenoceptors in the spinal cord, because the antinociceptive effect of LC dexmedetomidine injection also can be blocked by intrathecal injection of antipamezole and pertussis toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Z Guo
- Anesthesiology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Delahunty TM, Jiang JY, Gong QZ, Black RT, Lyeth BG. Differential consequences of lateral and central fluid percussion brain injury on receptor coupling in rat hippocampus. J Neurotrauma 1995; 12:1045-57. [PMID: 8742133 DOI: 10.1089/neu.1995.12.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified alterations in the responses of muscarinic and metabotropic receptors in rat hippocampus that persist for at least 15 days after central fluid percussion injury. This study compares the effect of lateral fluid percussion and central fluid percussion on these responses. Moderate injury was obtained by displacement and deformation of the brain within the closed cranial cavity using a fluid percussion device positioned either centrally or laterally. Carbachol and (+/-)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD)-stimulated polyphosphoinositide (PPI) hydrolysis was assayed in hippocampus from injured and sham-injured controls at 15 days following injury. At 15 days after central fluid percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI), the response to carbachol was enhanced by 30% and the response to trans-ACPD was enhanced by 75% compared to sham-injured animals. At 15 days after lateral fluid percussion TBI the response to trans-ACPD was enhanced by 40% both ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of injury. In contrast, the response to carbachol was enhanced by 29% contralateral to the side of injury but was diminished by 12% ipsilateral to the side of injury. Cresyl violet staining shows no hippocampal cell death after central fluid percussion injury or on the side contralateral to lateral fluid percussion injury but on the ipsilateral side cell death was identified in hippocampal area CA3. Thus, abnormal hippocampal cell signaling through the phosphoinositide pathway occurs in the absence of cell death and may contribute to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Delahunty
- Division of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0693, USA
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Abstract
We examined the effects of an exogenous mu opioid agonist and antagonist on systemic physiology and neurological outcome following TBI in the rat. Experiment I: [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) (0.1 nMol or 0.3 nMol in 5 microliters) (n = 10) or artificial CSF (n = 10) was administered 5 min prior to fluid-percussion brain injury (2.1 atmospheres). Motor performance was assessed on days 1-5 after TBI. The mu receptor agonist, DAMGO significantly reduced both beam-walking latency and body weight loss after injury (p < 0.05). DAMGO-treated rats (n = 5) did not differ from CSF-treated rats (n = 5) on either systemic arterial blood pressure or heart rate responses to injury. Experiment II: Beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) (20.0 nMol in 5.0 microliters) (n = 10) or artificial CSF (n = 10) was administered (icv) to rats 5 min prior to fluid-percussion brain injury (1.8 atmospheres). Motor performance was assessed on days 1-5 after TBI. The mu receptor antagonist, beta-FNA, significantly increased beam-walking latency after injury (p < 0.05). beta-FNA-treated rats (n = 5) did not differ from CSF-treated rats (n = 5) on either systemic arterial blood pressure or heart rate responses to injury. Experiment III: Neither beta-FNA nor DAMGO affected motor performance in uninjured rats. These results suggest that activation of mu opioid receptors by exogenous agonists may provide protection against deficits in motor performance produced by fluid percussion brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Lyeth
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
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Delahunty TM, Jiang JY, Black RT, Lyeth BG. Differential modulation of carbachol and trans-ACPD-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover following traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Res 1995; 20:405-11. [PMID: 7651577 DOI: 10.1007/bf00973095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the fluid percussion model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), we examined muscarinic and metabotropic glutamate receptor-stimulated polyphosphoinositide (PPI) turnover in rat hippocampus. Moderate injury was obtained by displacement and deformation of the brain within the closed cranial cavity using a fluid percussion device. Carbachol and (+/-)-1-Aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD)-stimulated PPI hydrolysis was assayed in hippocampus from injured and sham-injured controls at both 1 hour and 15 days following injury. At 1 hour after TBI, the response to carbachol was enhanced in injured rats by up to 200% but the response to trans-ACPD was diminished by as much as 28%. By contrast, at 15 days after TBI, the response to carbachol was enhanced by 25% and the response to trans-ACPD was enhanced by 73%. The ionotropic glutamate agonists N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and alpha-amino-3 hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), did not increase PPI hydrolysis in either sham or injured rats and injury did not alter basal hydrolysis. Thus, hippocampal muscarinic and metabotropic receptors linked to phospholipase C are differentially altered by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Delahunty
- Department of Surgery Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0693, USA
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Abstract
Laboratory studies indicate that activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs) at or soon after traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly contributes to behavioral morbidity. Recent research has demonstrated that pre-injury treatment with the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine significantly reduces spatial memory deficits at 11-15 days post-TBI. In the present study, we examined mAChR binding kinetics in brain regions at 15 days after moderate (1.95 atm) fluid percussion TBI in untreated and scopolamine-treated rats. Three groups were examined: untreated TBI (n = 8), TBI with pre-injury scopolamine treatment (1.0 mg/kg, i.p., 15 min prior to injury) (n = 11), and sham-injury (n = 7). The affinity (Kd) and maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) of mAChRs in hippocampus, neocortex, and brainstem were determined by [3H]QNB binding. Bmax values in TBI animals were significantly higher in hippocampus (4061 +/- 494 fmol/mg protein) and neocortex (4272 +/- 640 fmol/mg protein), but not in brainstem (833 +/- 39 fmol/mg protein) compared to sham-injured controls (hipp. 2812 +/- 218 fmol/mg/protein; neoctx. 2850 +/- 129 fmol/mg protein; brainstem 794 +/- 26 fmol/mg protein) (P < 0.05). At 15 days after injury, Bmax values of mAChRs in TBI animals with pre-injury scopolamine treatment (hipp. 2850 +/- 129 fmol/mg protein; neoctx. 2948 +/- 123 fmol/mg protein) did not differ from control. In all brain regions, Kd values did not differ between groups. These results demonstrate that TBI significantly alters the binding sites of mAChRs in hippocampus and neocortex for as long as 15 days after TBI. Furthermore, these results indicate that a pharmacological treatment that improves motor and memory function outcome also normalizes aspects of mAChRs physiology. These data suggest that excessive activation of mAChRs at or soon after TBI impact contributes to long-term pathophysiological processes in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0693
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