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Zhang X, Yarman A, Kovács N, Bognár Z, Gyurcsányi RE, Bier FF, Scheller FW. Specific features of epitope-MIPs and whole-protein MIPs as illustrated for AFP and RBD of SARS-CoV-2. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:242. [PMID: 38573524 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanofilms for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 using either a peptide (epitope-MIP) or the whole protein (protein-MIP) as the template were prepared by electropolymerization of scopoletin. Conducting atomic force microscopy revealed after template removal and electrochemical deposition of gold a larger surface density of imprinted cavities for the epitope-imprinted polymers than when using the whole protein as template. However, comparable affinities towards the respective target protein (AFP and RBD) were obtained for both types of MIPs as expressed by the KD values in the lower nanomolar range. On the other hand, while the cross reactivity of both protein-MIPs towards human serum albumin (HSA) amounts to around 50% in the saturation region, the nonspecific binding to the respective epitope-MIPs is as low as that for the non-imprinted polymer (NIP). This effect might be caused by the different sizes of the imprinted cavities. Thus, in addition to the lower costs the reduced nonspecific binding is an advantage of epitope-imprinted polymers for the recognition of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Aysu Yarman
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Sahinkaya Cad. Beykoz, Istanbul, 34820, Turkey
| | - Norbert Kovács
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bognár
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- BME "Lendület" Chemical Nanosensors Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank F Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frieder W Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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2
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Karachaliou CE, Livaniou E. Immunosensors for Autoimmune-Disease-Related Biomarkers: A Literature Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6770. [PMID: 37571553 PMCID: PMC10422610 DOI: 10.3390/s23156770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunosensors are a special class of biosensors that employ specific antibodies for biorecognition of the target analyte. Immunosensors that target disease biomarkers may be exploited as tools for disease diagnosis and/or follow-up, offering several advantages over conventional analytical techniques, such as rapid and easy analysis of patients' samples at the point-of-care. Autoimmune diseases have been increasingly prevalent worldwide in recent years, while the COVID-19 pandemic has also been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, demand for tools enabling the early and reliable diagnosis of autoimmune diseases is expected to increase in the near future. To this end, interest in immunosensors targeting autoimmune disease biomarkers, mainly, various autoantibodies and specific pro-inflammatory proteins (e.g., specific cytokines), has been rekindled. This review article presents most of the immunosensors proposed to date as potential tools for the diagnosis of various autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. The signal transduction and the immunoassay principles of each immunosensor have been suitably classified and are briefly presented along with certain sensor elements, e.g., special nano-sized materials used in the construction of the immunosensing surface. The main concluding remarks are presented and future perspectives of the field are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Lab, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece;
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3
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Wardani NI, Kangkamano T, Wannapob R, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Limbut W. Electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer cryogel and multiwalled carbon nanotubes for direct insulin detection. Talanta 2023; 254:124137. [PMID: 36463801 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is the polypeptide hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. It is used as an indicator of both types of diabetes. An electrochemical insulin sensor was developed using a gold electrode modified with carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) cryogel. The MIP provided specific recognition sites for insulin, while the macropores of the cryogel promoted the mass transfer of insulin to the recognition sites. The f-MWCNTs increased the effective surface area and conductivity of the sensor and also reduced the potential required to oxidize insulin. Insulin oxidation was directly measured in a flow system using square wave voltammetry. This MIP cryogel/f-MWCNTs sensor provided a linear range of 0.050-1.40 pM with a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 33 fM. The sensor exhibited high selectivity and long-term stability over 10 weeks of dry storage at room temperature. The results of insulin determination in human serum using the sensor compared well with the results of the Elecsys insulin assay. The developed MIP sensor offers a promising alternative for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Indah Wardani
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Kangkamano
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University (Phatthalung Campus), Papayom, Phatthalung, 93110, Thailand
| | - Rodtichoti Wannapob
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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4
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Zidarič T, Majer D, Maver T, Finšgar M, Maver U. The development of an electropolymerized, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor for insulin determination using single-drop analysis. Analyst 2023; 148:1102-1115. [PMID: 36723087 DOI: 10.1039/d2an02025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor for the detection of insulin in a single drop (50 μL) was developed based on the concept of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP). The synthetic MIP receptors were assembled on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) by the electropolymerization of pyrrole (Py) in the presence of insulin (the protein template) using cyclic voltammetry. After electropolymerization, insulin was removed from the formed polypyrrole (Ppy) matrix to create imprinting cavities for the subsequent analysis of the insulin analyte in test samples. The surface characterization, before and after each electrosynthesis step of the MIP sensors, was performed using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The performance of the developed MIP-SPCE sensor was evaluated using a single drop of solution containing K3Fe(CN)6 and the square-wave voltammetry technique. The MIP-SPCE showed a linear concentration range of 20.0-70.0 pM (R2 = 0.9991), a limit of detection of 1.9 pM, and a limit of quantification of 6.2 pM. The rapid response time to the protein target and the portability of the developed sensor, which is considered a disposable MIP-based system, make this MIP-SPCE sensor a promising candidate for point-of-care applications. In addition, the MIP-SPCE sensor was successfully used to detect insulin in a pharmaceutical sample. The sensor was deemed to be accurate (the average recovery was 108.46%) and precise (the relative standard deviation was 7.23%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Zidarič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - David Majer
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Tina Maver
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.,University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Uroš Maver
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.,University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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5
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Singhal A, Singh A, Shrivastava A, Khan R. Epitope imprinted polymeric materials: application in electrochemical detection of disease biomarkers. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:936-954. [PMID: 36606445 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02135h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epitope imprinting is a promising method for creating specialized recognition sites that resemble natural biorecognition elements. Epitope-imprinted materials have gained a lot of attention recently in a variety of fields, including bioanalysis, drug delivery, and clinical therapy. The vast applications of epitope imprinted polymers are due to the flexibility in choosing monomers, the simplicity in obtaining templates, specificity toward targets, and resistance to harsh environments along with being cost effective in nature. The "epitope imprinting technique," which uses only a tiny subunit of the target as the template during imprinting, offers a way around various drawbacks inherent to biomacromolecule systems i.e., traditional molecular imprinting techniques with regards to the large size of proteins, such as the size, complexity, accessibility, and conformational flexibility of the template. Electrochemical based sensors are proven to be promising tool for the quick, real-time monitoring of biomarkers. This review unravels epitope imprinting techniques, approaches, and strategies and highlights the applicability of these techniques for the electrochemical quantification of biomarkers for timely disease monitoring. In addition, some challenges are discussed along with future prospective developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Singhal
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal - 462026, MP, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Barkatullah University, Habibganj, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462026, India
| | - Apoorva Shrivastava
- Dr D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sr. No. 87-88, Mumbai-Bangalore Highway, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal - 462026, MP, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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6
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Zhang X, Waffo AT, Yarman A, Kovács N, Bognár Z, Wollenberger U, El-Sherbiny IM, Hassan RYA, Bier FF, Gyurcsányi RE, Zebger I, Scheller FW. How an ACE2 mimicking epitope-MIP nanofilm recognizes template-related peptides and the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:18106-18114. [PMID: 36448745 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we aim to gain a mechanistic understanding of the formation of epitope-imprinted polymer nanofilms using a non-terminal peptide sequence, i.e. the peptide GFNCYFP (G485 to P491) of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). This epitope is chemisorbed on the gold surface through the central cysteine 488 followed by the electrosynthesis of a ∼5 nm thick polyscopoletin film around the surface confined templates. The interaction of peptides and the parent RBD and spike protein with the imprinted polyscopoletin nanofilm was followed by electrochemical redox marker gating, surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy and conductive AFM. Because the use of non-terminal epitopes is especially intricate, here we characterize the binding pockets through their interaction with 5 peptides rationally derived from the template sequence, i.e. implementing central single amino acid mismatch as well as elongations and truncations at its C- and N- termini. Already a single amino acid mismatch, i.e. the central Cys488 substituted by a serine, results in ca. 15-fold lower affinity. Further truncation of the peptides to tetrapeptide (EGFN) and hexapeptide (YFPLQS) results also in a significantly lower affinity. We concluded that the affinity towards the different peptides is mainly determined by the four amino acid motif CYFP present in the sequence of the template peptide. A higher affinity than that for the peptides is found for the parent proteins RBD and spike protein, which seems to be due to out of cavity effects caused by their larger footprint on the nanofilm surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Armel T Waffo
- Institut für Chemie, PC 14 Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aysu Yarman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Sahinkaya Cad, 86, Beykoz, Istanbul 34820, Turkey
| | - Norbert Kovács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Bognár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ulla Wollenberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST) & Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST) & Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Frank F Bier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Róbert E Gyurcsányi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ingo Zebger
- Institut für Chemie, PC 14 Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frieder W Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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7
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Mazzotta E, Di Giulio T, Malitesta C. Electrochemical sensing of macromolecules based on molecularly imprinted polymers: challenges, successful strategies, and opportunities. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5165-5200. [PMID: 35277740 PMCID: PMC8916950 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Looking at the literature focused on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for protein, it soon becomes apparent that a remarkable increase in scientific interest and exploration of new applications has been recorded in the last several years, from 42 documents in 2011 to 128 just 10 years later, in 2021 (Scopus, December 2021). Such a rapid threefold increase in the number of works in this field is evidence that the imprinting of macromolecules no longer represents a distant dream of optimistic imprinters, as it was perceived until only a few years ago, but is rapidly becoming an ever more promising and reliable technology, due to the significant achievements in the field. The present critical review aims to summarize some of them, evidencing the aspects that have contributed to the success of the most widely used strategies in the field. At the same time, limitations and drawbacks of less frequently used approaches are critically discussed. Particular focus is given to the use of a MIP for protein in the assembly of electrochemical sensors. Sensor design indeed represents one of the most active application fields of imprinting technology, with electrochemical MIP sensors providing the broadest spectrum of protein analytes among the different sensor configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Mazzotta
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Di Giulio
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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8
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Aiello EM, Pinsker JE, Vargas E, Teymourian H, Tehrani F, Church MM, Laffel LM, Doyle FJ, Patti ME, Wang J, Dassau E. Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Insulin Immunosensor. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022:19322968221074406. [PMID: 35118893 PMCID: PMC10347985 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221074406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The estimation of available active insulin remains a limitation of automated insulin delivery systems. Currently, insulin pumps calculate active insulin using mathematical decay curves, while quantitative measurements of insulin would explicitly provide person-specific PK insulin dynamics to assess remaining active insulin more accurately, permitting more effective glucose control. METHODS We performed the first clinical evaluation of an insulin immunosensor chip, providing near real-time measurements of insulin levels. In this study, we sought to determine the accuracy of the novel insulin sensor and assess its therapeutic risk and benefit by presenting a new tool developed to indicate the potential therapeutic consequences arising from inaccurate insulin measurements. RESULTS Nine adult participants with type-1 diabetes completed the study. The change from baseline in immunosensor-measured insulin levels was compared with values obtained by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) after preprandial injection of insulin. The point-of-care quantification of insulin levels revealed similar temporal trends as those from the laboratory insulin ELISA. The results showed that 70% of the paired immunosensor-reference values were concordant, which suggests that the patient could take action safely based on insulin concentration obtained by the novel sensor. CONCLUSIONS This proposed technology and preliminary feasibility evaluation show encouraging results for near real-time evaluation of insulin levels, with the potential to improve diabetes management. Real-time measurements of insulin provide person-specific insulin dynamics that could be used to make more informed decisions regarding insulin dosing, thus helping to prevent hypoglycemia and improve diabetes outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora M Aiello
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Eva Vargas
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Farshad Tehrani
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mei Mei Church
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lori M Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eyal Dassau
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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9
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Vargas E, Aiello EM, Pinsker JE, Teymourian H, Tehrani F, Church MM, Laffel LM, Doyle FJ, Patti ME, Dassau E, Wang J. Development of a Novel Insulin Sensor for Clinical Decision-Making. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022:19322968211071132. [PMID: 35043720 PMCID: PMC10347992 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211071132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical decision support systems that incorporate information from frequent insulin measurements to enhance individualized diabetes management remain an unmet goal. The development of a disposable insulin strip for fast decentralized point-of-care detection replacing the current centralized lab-based methods used in clinical practice would be highly desirable to improve the establishment of individual insulin absorption patterns and algorithm modeling processes. METHODS We carried out the development and optimization of a novel decentralized disposable insulin electrochemical sensor focusing on obtaining high analytical and operational performance toward achieving a true point-of-care insulin testing device for clinical on-site application. RESULTS Our novel insulin immunosensor demonstrated an attractive performance and efficient user-friendly operation by providing high sensitivity capability to detect endogenous and analog insulin with a limit of detection of 30.2 pM (4.3 µiU/mL), rapid time-to-result, stability toward remote site application, and scalable low-cost fabrication with an estimated cost-of-goods for disposable consumables of below $5, capable of near real-time insulin detection in a microliter (≤10 µL) sample droplet of undiluted serum within 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the optimization and characterization of our novel insulin sensor illustrate its suitability for its potential application in remote clinical environments for frequent insulin monitoring. Future work will test the insulin sensor in a clinical research setting to assess its efficacy in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vargas
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eleonora M Aiello
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Hazhir Teymourian
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Farshad Tehrani
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mei Mei Church
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lori M Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Eyal Dassau
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Zidarič T, Finšgar M, Maver U, Maver T. Artificial Biomimetic Electrochemical Assemblies. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:44. [PMID: 35049673 PMCID: PMC8773559 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, selective, and cost-effective detection and determination of clinically relevant biomolecule analytes for a better understanding of biological and physiological functions are becoming increasingly prominent. In this regard, biosensors represent a powerful tool to meet these requirements. Recent decades have seen biosensors gaining popularity due to their ability to design sensor platforms that are selective to determine target analytes. Naturally generated receptor units have a high affinity for their targets, which provides the selectivity of a device. However, such receptors are subject to instability under harsh environmental conditions and have consequently low durability. By applying principles of supramolecular chemistry, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can successfully replace natural receptors to circumvent these shortcomings. This review summarizes the recent achievements and analytical applications of electrosynthesized MIPs, in particular, for the detection of protein-based biomarkers. The scope of this review also includes the background behind electrochemical readouts and the origin of the gate effect in MIP-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Zidarič
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (U.M.)
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (U.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tina Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (U.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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11
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Lian K, Feng H, Liu S, Wang K, Liu Q, Deng L, Wang G, Chen Y, Liu G. Insulin quantification towards early diagnosis of prediabetes/diabetes. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Er S, Laraib U, Arshad R, Sargazi S, Rahdar A, Pandey S, Thakur VK, Díez-Pascual AM. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: Implications for Nanotechnological Applications in Biosensing and Drug/Gene Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3002. [PMID: 34835766 PMCID: PMC8622868 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over various scientific fields in biochemistry, amino acids have been highlighted in research works. Protein, peptide- and amino acid-based drug delivery systems have proficiently transformed nanotechnology via immense flexibility in their features for attaching various drug molecules and biodegradable polymers. In this regard, novel nanostructures including carbon nanotubes, electrospun carbon nanofibers, gold nanoislands, and metal-based nanoparticles have been introduced as nanosensors for accurate detection of these organic compounds. These nanostructures can bind the biological receptor to the sensor surface and increase the surface area of the working electrode, significantly enhancing the biosensor performance. Interestingly, protein-based nanocarriers have also emerged as useful drug and gene delivery platforms. This is important since, despite recent advancements, there are still biological barriers and other obstacles limiting gene and drug delivery efficacy. Currently available strategies for gene therapy are not cost-effective, and they do not deliver the genetic cargo effectively to target sites. With rapid advancements in nanotechnology, novel gene delivery systems are introduced as nonviral vectors such as protein, peptide, and amino acid-based nanostructures. These nano-based delivery platforms can be tailored into functional transformation using proteins and peptides ligands based nanocarriers, usually overexpressed in the specified diseases. The purpose of this review is to shed light on traditional and nanotechnology-based methods to detect amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Furthermore, new insights into the potential of amino protein-based nanoassemblies for targeted drug delivery or gene transfer are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Er
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova-Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Ushna Laraib
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Teixeira SPB, Reis RL, Peppas NA, Gomes ME, Domingues RMA. Epitope-imprinted polymers: Design principles of synthetic binding partners for natural biomacromolecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9884. [PMID: 34714673 PMCID: PMC8555893 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting (MI) has been explored as an increasingly viable tool for molecular recognition in various fields. However, imprinting of biologically relevant molecules like proteins is severely hampered by several problems. Inspired by natural antibodies, the use of epitopes as imprinting templates has been explored to circumvent those limitations, offering lower costs and greater versatility. Here, we review the latest innovations in this technology, as well as different applications where MI polymers (MIPs) have been used to target biomolecules of interest. We discuss the several steps in MI, from the choice of epitope and functional monomers to the different production methods and possible applications. We also critically explore how MIP performance can be assessed by various parameters. Last, we present perspectives on future breakthroughs and advances, offering insights into how MI techniques can be expanded to new fields such as tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simão P. B. Teixeira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1801, USA
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui M. A. Domingues
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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14
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Yang L, Wei F, Liu JM, Wang S. Functional Hybrid Micro/Nanoentities Promote Agro-Food Safety Inspection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12402-12417. [PMID: 34662114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanomaterials has provided a good theoretical basis and technical support to solve the problems of food safety inspection. The combination of functionalized composite nanomaterials and well-known detection methods is gradually applied to detect hazardous substances, such as chemical residues and toxins, in agricultural food products. This review concentrates on the latest agro-food safety inspection techniques and methodologies constructed with the assistance of new hybrid micro/nanoentities, such as molecular imprinting polymers integrated with quantum dots (MIPs@QDs), molecular imprinting polymers integrated with upconversion luminescent nanoparticles (MIPs@UCNPs), upconversion luminescent nanoparticles combined with metal-organic frameworks (UCNPs@MOFs), magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs@Fe3O4), magnetic covalent-organic frameworks (Fe3O4@COFs), covalent-organic frameworks doped with quantum dots (COFs@QDs), nanobody-involved immunoassay for fast inspection, etc. The presented summary and discussion favor a relevant outlook for further integrating various disciplines, like material science, nanotechnology, and analytical methodology, for addressing new challenges that emerge in agro-food research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Min Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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15
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Epitope-imprinted polymers for biomacromolecules: Recent strategies, future challenges and selected applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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“Out of Pocket” Protein Binding—A Dilemma of Epitope Imprinted Polymers Revealed for Human Hemoglobin. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The epitope imprinting approach applies exposed peptides as templates to synthesize Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for the recognition of the parent protein. While generally the template protein binding to such MIPs is considered to occur via the epitope-shaped cavities, unspecific interactions of the analyte with non-imprinted polymer as well as the detection method used may add to the complexity and interpretation of the target rebinding. To get new insights on the effects governing the rebinding of analytes, we electrosynthesized two epitope-imprinted polymers using the N-terminal pentapeptide VHLTP-amide of human hemoglobin (HbA) as the template. MIPs were prepared either by single-step electrosynthesis of scopoletin/pentapeptide mixtures or electropolymerization was performed after chemisorption of the cysteine extended VHLTP peptide. Rebinding of the target peptide and the parent HbA protein to the MIP nanofilms was quantified by square wave voltammetry using a redox probe gating, surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. While binding of the pentapeptide shows large influence of the amino acid sequence, all three methods revealed strong non-specific binding of HbA to both polyscopoletin-based MIPs with even higher affinities than the target peptides.
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17
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Caserta G, Zhang X, Yarman A, Supala E, Wollenberger U, Gyurcsányi RE, Zebger I, Scheller FW. Insights in electrosynthesis, target binding, and stability of peptide-imprinted polymer nanofilms. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Epitope-imprinted polydopamine electrochemical sensor for ovalbumin detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107805. [PMID: 33838516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel, sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on epitope-imprinted polydopamine (PDA) was developed for ovalbumin (OVA) detection. Molecularly imprinted polydopamine was synthesized on an AuNP-coated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) via electropolymerization in the presence of OVA IgE-binding epitope as the template. Key process parameters including template concentration, electropolymerization cycle, pH, time required for template removal and rebinding were optimized. Electrochemical detection of OVA was performed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in 5 mM K3Fe(CN)6 and 0.1 M KCl as the supporting electrolyte. Under optimized conditions, the sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity toward OVA with linear range from 23.25 to 232.50 nM (1 to 10 ppm), limit of detection (LOD) of 10.76 nM (0.46 ppm), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 35.87 nM (1.54 ppm). The sensor also exhibited good selectivity against other proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and lysozyme (LYZ). OVA in wine samples was detected with RSD of 5.63-10.82%, and recovery percentage of 104.74-105.96%. The developed method can be easily adapted to detect other allergic proteins in the food supply chain.
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19
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Khumsap T, Corpuz A, Nguyen LT. Epitope-imprinted polymers: applications in protein recognition and separation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11403-11414. [PMID: 35423617 PMCID: PMC8695941 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have evolved as promising platforms for specific recognition of proteins. However, molecular imprinting of the whole protein molecule is complicated by its large size, conformational instability, and structural complexity. These inherent limitations can be overcome by using epitope imprinting. Significant breakthroughs in the synthesis and application of epitope-imprinted polymers (EIPs) have been achieved and reported. This review highlights recent advances in epitope imprinting, from the selection of epitope peptide sequences and functional monomers to the methods applied in polymerization and template removal. Technological innovations in detection and extraction of proteins by EIPs are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabkrich Khumsap
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology 58 Moo 9, Km. 42, Paholyothin Highway Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Angelica Corpuz
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology 58 Moo 9, Km. 42, Paholyothin Highway Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Loc Thai Nguyen
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology 58 Moo 9, Km. 42, Paholyothin Highway Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
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20
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Lee MH, Thomas JL, Su ZL, Yeh WK, Monzel AS, Bolognin S, Schwamborn JC, Yang CH, Lin HY. Epitope imprinting of alpha-synuclein for sensing in Parkinson's brain organoid culture medium. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 175:112852. [PMID: 33288425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement, whose early signs may be mild and unnoticed. α-Synuclein has been identified as the major component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, which are the characteristic proteinaceous deposits that are the hallmarks of PD. In this work, three alpha-synuclein peptides were synthesized as templates for the molecular imprinting of conductive polymers to enable recognition of alpha-synuclein via ultrasensitive electrochemical measurements. The peptide sequences encompassed specific residues where mutations are known to accelerate PD (though the target sequences, in this study, were wild-type.) The different peptide targets were all successfully imprinted, but with differing imprinting effectiveness, probably owing to differences in target carboxylic acids (which can bind to the aniline (AN) m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (MSAN) MIP polymers.) Composition of the imprinted polymer, (the mole proportions of AN and MSAN), and the concentrations and sequences of imprinted peptide templates were optimized by measuring the electrochemical responses to target peptides. The imprinted electrode can detect alpha-synuclein at fg/mL levels, and was therefore used to measure alpha-synuclein in the culture medium of human brain organoids generated from normal and idiopathic PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan
| | - James L Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Zi-Lin Su
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kuan Yeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan; Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, 30009, Taiwan
| | - Anna S Monzel
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, L-4367, Luxembourg
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, L-4367, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, L-4367, Luxembourg
| | - Chien-Hsin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan.
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21
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Garcia Cruz A, Haq I, Cowen T, Di Masi S, Trivedi S, Alanazi K, Piletska E, Mujahid A, Piletsky SA. Design and fabrication of a smart sensor using in silico epitope mapping and electro-responsive imprinted polymer nanoparticles for determination of insulin levels in human plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112536. [PMID: 32980804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A robust and highly specific sensor based on electroactive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIP) was developed. The nanoMIP tagged with a redox probe, combines both recognition and reporting capabilities. The developed nanoMIP replaces enzyme-mediator pairs used in traditional biosensors thus, offering enhanced molecular recognition for insulin, improving performance in complex biological samples, and yielding high stability. Also, most of existing sensors show poor performance after storage. To improve costs of the logistics and avoid the need of cold storage in the chain supply, we developed an alternative to biorecognition system that relies on nanoMIP. NanoMIP were computationally designed using "in-silico" insulin epitope mapping and synthesized by solid phase polymerisation. The characterisation of the polymer nanoparticles was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The electrochemical sensor was developed by chemical immobilisation of the nanoMIP on screen printed platinum electrodes. The insulin sensor displayed satisfactory performances and reproducible results (RSD = 4.2%; n = 30) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in the clinically relevant concentration range from 50 to 2000 pM. The developed nanoMIP offers the advantage of large number of specific recognition sites with tailored geometry, as the resultant, the sensor showed high sensitivity and selectivity to insulin with a limit of detection (LOD) of 26 and 81 fM in buffer and human plasma, respectively, confirming the practical application for point of care monitoring. Moreover, the nanoMIP showed adequate storage stability of 168 days, demonstrating the robustness of sensor for several rounds of insulin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Garcia Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK.
| | - Isma Haq
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Todd Cowen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
| | - Sabrina Di Masi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Edificio A6 Multipiano CSEEM, Campus Universitario Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Samir Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
| | - Kaseb Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
| | - Elena Piletska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
| | - Adnan Mujahid
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sergey A Piletsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
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22
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Goudarzi F, Hejazi P. Comprehensive study on the effects of total monomers' content and polymerization temperature control on the formation of the polymer-layer in preparation of insulin-imprinted magnetic nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Mazouz Z, Mokni M, Fourati N, Zerrouki C, Barbault F, Seydou M, Kalfat R, Yaakoubi N, Omezzine A, Bouslema A, Othmane A. Computational approach and electrochemical measurements for protein detection with MIP-based sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 151:111978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Goudarzi F, Hejazi P. Effect of biomolecule chemical structure on the synthesis of surface magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer in aqueous solution using various monomers for high-capacity selective recognition of human insulin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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