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Vijayan V, Joseph CG, Taufiq-Yap YH, Gansau JA, Nga JLH, Li Puma G, Chia PW. Mineralization of palm oil mill effluent by advanced oxidation processes: A review on current trends and the way forward. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123099. [PMID: 38070640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is regarded as deleterious to the environment, primarily owing to the substantial volume of waste it produces during palm oil extraction. In terms of contaminant composition, POME surpasses the pollutant content typically found in standard municipal sewage, therefore releasing it without treatment into water bodies would do irreparable damage to the environment. Main palm oil mills are normally located in the proximity of natural rivers in order to take advantage of the cheap and abundant water source. The same rivers are also used as a water source for many villages situated along the river banks. As such, it is imperative to degrade POME before its disposal into the water bodies for obvious reasons. The treatment methods used so far include the biological processes such as open ponding/land application, which consist of aerobic as well as anaerobic ponds, physicochemical treatment including membrane technology, adsorption and coagulation are successful for the mitigation of contaminants. As the above methods require large working area and it takes more time for contaminant degradation, and in consideration of the strict environmental policies as well as palm oil being the most sort of vegetable oil in several countries, numerous researchers have concentrated on the emerging technologies such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to remediate POME. Methods such as the photocatalysis, Fenton process, sonocatalysis, sonophotocatalysis, ozonation have attained special importance for the degradation of POME because of their efficiency in complete mineralization of organic pollutants in situ. This review outlines the AOP technologies currently available for the mineralization of POME with importance given to sonophotocatalysis and ozonation as these treatment process removes the need to transfer the pollutant while possibly degrading the organic matter sufficiently to be used in other industry like fertilizer manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Vijayan
- Sonophotochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Industrial Chemistry Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Collin G Joseph
- Sonophotochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Industrial Chemistry Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Malaysia; Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jualang Azlan Gansau
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Janice L H Nga
- Sonophotochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Planning and Development Economics Programme, Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Gianluca Li Puma
- Environmental Nanocatalysis & Photoreaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK2, UK.
| | - Poh Wai Chia
- Eco-Innovation Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Trzeciak M, Miądlicki P, Tryba B. Enhanced Degradation of Ethylene in Thermo-Photocatalytic Process Using TiO 2/Nickel Foam. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:267. [PMID: 38204119 PMCID: PMC10780184 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic decomposition of ethylene was performed under UV-LED irradiation in the presence of nanocrystalline TiO2 (anatase, 15 nm) supported on porous nickel foam. The process was conducted in a high-temperature chamber with regulated temperature from ambient to 125 °C, under a flow of reacted gas (ethylene in synthetic air, 50 ppm, flow rate of 20 mL/min), with simultaneous FTIR measurements of the sample surface. Ethylene was decomposed with a higher efficiency at elevated temperatures, with a maximum of 28% at 100-125 °C. The nickel foam used as support for TiO2 enhanced ethylene decomposition at a temperature of 50 °C. However, at 50 °C, the stability of ethylene decomposition was not maintained in the following reaction run, but it was at 100 °C. Photocatalytic measurements conducted in the presence of certain radical scavengers indicated that a higher efficiency of ethylene decomposition was obtained due to the improved separation of charge carriers and the increased formation of superoxide anionic radicals, which were formed at the interface of the thermally activated nickel foam and TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beata Tryba
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland; (M.T.); (P.M.)
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Lin Z, Jiang X, Xu W, Li F, Chen X, Wang H, Liu S, Lu X. The effects of water, substrate, and intermediate adsorption on the photocatalytic decomposition of air pollutants over nano-TiO 2 photocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:662-678. [PMID: 38112019 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic performance of nano-TiO2 photocatalysts in air pollutant degradation greatly depends on the adsorption of water, substrates, and intermediates. Especially under excessive humidity, substrate concentration, and intermediate concentration, the competitive adsorption of water, substrates, and intermediates can seriously inhibit the photocatalytic performance. In the past few years, extensive studies have been performed to investigate the influence of humidity, substrate concentration, and intermediates on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, and significant advances have been made in the area. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no review focusing on the effects of water, substrate, and intermediate adsorption to date. A comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms is key to overcoming the limited application of nano-TiO2 photocatalysts in the photocatalytic decomposition of air pollutants. In this review, the progress in experimental and theoretical fields, including a recent combination of photocatalytic experiments and adsorption and photocatalytic simulations by density functional theory (DFT), to explore the impact of adsorption of various reaction components on nano-TiO2 photocatalysts is comprehensively summarized. Additionally, the mechanism and broad perspective of the impact of their adsorption on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in air treatment are also critically discussed. Finally, several solutions are proposed to resolve the current problems related to environmental factors. In general, this review contributes a comprehensive perspective of water, substrate, and intermediate adsorption toward boosting the photocatalytic application of TiO2 nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Xueding Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Weicheng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Fuhua Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Si Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Xihong Lu
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-carbon Chem & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Tian T, Zhang J, Tian L, Ge S, Zhai Z. Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Benzene Using Cu/Fe-Doped TiO 2 Nanocatalysts under Visible Light. Molecules 2023; 29:144. [PMID: 38202726 PMCID: PMC10779467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Visible-light-enhanced TiO2 nanocatalysts doped with Cu and Fe were synthesized using the sol-gel method to investigate their performance in degrading gaseous benzene. The structure and morphology of mono- and co-doped TiO2 (i.e., Cu/Fe-TiO2, Cu-Fe-TiO2) were characterized using SEM, EDS, XRD, BET, Raman, UV-vis-DRS, and XPS techniques. The results indicated that the presence of Cu/Fe mono- and co-doped TiO2 leads to the formation of an anatase phase similar to pure TiO2. Furthermore, the introduction of Cu/Fe enhanced the presence of lattice defects and increased the specific surface area of TiO2. This enhancement can be attributed to the increase in oxygen vacancies, especially in the case of Cu-Fe-TiO2. Additionally, Cu-Fe-TiO2 showed a higher concentration of surface-bound hydroxyl groups/chemically adsorbed oxygen and a narrower bandgap than pure TiO2. Consequently, Cu-Fe-TiO2 exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance of 658.33 μgC6H6/(g·h), achieving a benzene degradation rate of 88.87%, surpassing that of pure TiO2 (5.09%), Cu-TiO2 (66.92%), and Fe-TiO2 (59.99%). Reusability tests demonstrated that Cu-Fe-TiO2 maintained a high benzene degradation efficiency of 71.4%, even after five experimental cycles, highlighting its exceptional stability and reusability. In summary, the addition of Cu/Fe to TiO2 enhances its ability to degrade gaseous benzene by prolonging the catalyst's lifespan and expanding its photoresponse range to include visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tian
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China; (T.T.); (J.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China; (T.T.); (J.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Lijiang Tian
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China; (T.T.); (J.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Sijie Ge
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China; (T.T.); (J.Z.); (S.G.)
| | - Zhenyu Zhai
- Sinoma International Intelligent Technology Co., Nanjing 221122, China;
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Saputera WH, Amri AF, Daiyan R, Sasongko D. Photocatalytic Technology for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Wastewater Treatment: Current Progress and Future Perspective. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112846. [PMID: 34073400 PMCID: PMC8198294 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The palm oil industry produces liquid waste called POME (palm oil mill effluent). POME is stated as one of the wastes that are difficult to handle because of its large production and ineffective treatment. It will disturb the ecosystem with a high organic matter content if the waste is disposed directly into the environment. The authorities have established policies and regulations in the POME waste quality standard before being discharged into the environment. However, at this time, there are still many factories in Indonesia that have not been able to meet the standard of POME waste disposal with the existing treatment technology. Currently, the POME treatment system is still using a conventional system known as an open pond system. Although this process can reduce pollutants’ concentration, it will produce much sludge, requiring a large pond area and a long processing time. To overcome the inability of the conventional system to process POME is believed to be a challenge. Extensive effort is being invested in developing alternative technologies for the POME waste treatment to reduce POME waste safely. Several technologies have been studied, such as anaerobic processes, membrane technology, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane technology, adsorption, steam reforming, and coagulation. Among other things, an AOP, namely photocatalytic technology, has the potential to treat POME waste. This paper provides information on the feasibility of photocatalytic technology for treating POME waste. Although there are some challenges in this technology’s large-scale application, this paper proposes several strategies and directions to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibawa Hendra Saputera
- Research Group on Energy and Chemical Engineering Processing System, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (A.F.A.); (D.S.)
- Center for Catalysis and Reaction Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research Center for New and Renewable Energy (PPEBT), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-82117686235
| | - Aryan Fathoni Amri
- Research Group on Energy and Chemical Engineering Processing System, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (A.F.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Dwiwahju Sasongko
- Research Group on Energy and Chemical Engineering Processing System, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (A.F.A.); (D.S.)
- Research Center for New and Renewable Energy (PPEBT), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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Facile hydrothermal preparation of a ZnFe2O4/TiO2 heterojunction for NOx removal. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Synthesis and characterization of sulfur-titanium dioxide nanocomposites for photocatalytic oxidation of cyanide using visible light irradiation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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