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Zhou Y, Chai Y, Sun H, Li X, Liu X, Liang Y, Gong X, Wu Z, Liu C, Qin P. Design strategies and mechanisms of g-C 3N 4-based photoanodes for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118545. [PMID: 37418928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) systems integrate the advantages of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis and are considered as a promising technology for solving the global organic pollution problem in water environments. Among the photoelectrocatalytic materials applied for organic pollutant degradation, graphitic carbon nitride (CN) has the combined advantages of environmental compatibility, stability, low cost, and visible light response. However, pristine CN has disadvantages such as low specific surface area, low electrical conductivity, and high charge complexation rate, and how to improve the degradation efficiency of PEC reaction and the mineralization rate of organic matter is the main problem faced in this field. Therefore, this paper reviews the progress of various functionalized CN used for PEC reaction in recent years, and the degradation efficiency of these CN-based materials is critically evaluated. First, the basic principles of PEC degradation of organic pollutants are outlined. Then, engineering strategies to enhance the PEC activity of CN (including morphology control, elemental doping, and heterojunction construction) are focused on, and the structure-activity relationships between these engineering strategies and PEC activity are discussed. In addition, the important role of influencing factors on the PEC system is summarized in terms of mechanism, to provide guidance for the subsequent research. Finally, suggestions and perspectives are provided for the preparation of efficient and stable CN-based photoelectrocatalysts for practical wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Youzheng Chai
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Haibo Sun
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Xueying Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China.
| | - Yunshan Liang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Gong
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Pufeng Qin
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in the Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
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Lin B, Xia M, Xu B, Chong B, Chen Z, Yang G. Bio-inspired nanostructured g-C3N4-based photocatalysts: A comprehensive review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Photoelectrocatalysis for high-value-added chemicals production. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang Z, Deng L, Lu J, Jian Y, Pei G, Shen H, Yang M, Chen X. Photoelectrochemical assay based on CdS nanocrystal\hexagonal carbon-nitrogen tube nanocomposite for detection of silver ions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2147-2153. [PMID: 35039896 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photochemical assay was reported based on CdS nanocrystal (NC)\hexagonal carbon-nitrogen tube (HCNT) nanocomposite for the detection of Ag+. When CdS NCs were combined with HCNT, the photocurrent intensity was increased extensively. After incubation of Ag+ with CdS NC\HCNT nanocomposite-modified electrode, Ag2S was formed on the electrode by the ion-change reaction. As the band gap of Ag2S cannot match well with HCNT, the photogenerated electron-hole pairs cannot separate efficiently, so the photocurrent intensity decreases. A good linear relationship between the concentration of Ag+ in the range from 0.01 to 3 μM and the corresponding photocurrent intensity was obtained with a detection limit of 3.3 nM (S/N = 3). The assay was employed to detect Ag+ in lake water and human serum with satisfactory results, which indicated that it might have a broad application in different areas. Photoelectrochemical assay was reported based on CdS nanocrystal\hexagonal carbon-nitrogen tube nanocomposite for detection of Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoxia Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yifeng Jian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guanghao Pei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hongchao Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Wen X, Fan M, Zhao Q, Li J, Liu G. Boosting the Photoactivity of BiVO 4 Photoanodes by a ZnCoFe-LDH Thin Layer for Water Oxidation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:4095-4102. [PMID: 34687500 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Monoclinic bismuth vanadate (BiVO4 ) has been used as an efficient photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water oxidation owing to its suitable band gap and nontoxicity. Nevertheless, the practical application of BiVO4 photoanode has been severely limited by the surface charge recombination and sluggish kinetic, which leads to the obtained photoactivity of BiVO4 is much lower than its theoretical value. In this case, ZnCoFe-LDH thin layer is conformally decorated on the porous BiVO4 photoanode through a simple electrodeposition process. The results show that a boosted photoactivity and a remarkably enhanced photocurrent density (3.43 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE ) are attained for BiVO4 /ZnCoFe-LDH. In addition, the optimized BiVO4 /ZnCoFe-LDH photoanode exhibits significant negative shift in the onset potential (0.51 VRHE to 0.21 VRHE ), promotes charge separation efficiency (49.3% to 60.4% in the bulk, 29.6% to 61.9% on the surface at 1.23 VRHE ) and enhanced IPCE efficiency (25.5% to 54.7% at 425 nm) compared with that of bare BiVO4 photoanode. It is demonstrated that the boosted photoactivity of BiVO4 /ZnCoFe-LDH photoanode is mainly ascribed to the synergy effects of the formation of p-n heterojunction between ZnCoFe-LDH and BiVO4 to accelerate the photogenerated charge transfer and separation, broaden light absorption, as well as promote the surface water oxidation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Wen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Fan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
| | - Guang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P. R. China
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhu X, Ai C, Zeng Y, Shi W, Zhang X, Zhang H, Si H, Li J, Wang CZ, Lin S. Photodepositing CdS on the Active Cyano Groups Decorated g-C 3 N 4 in Z-Scheme Manner Promotes Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102699. [PMID: 34396696 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
g-C3 N4 /CdS heterojunctions are potential photocatalysts for hydrogen production but their traditional type-II configuration generally leads to weak oxidative and reductive activity. How to construct the novel Z-scheme g-C3 N4 /CdS counterparts to address this issue remains a great challenge in this field. In this work, a new direct Z-scheme heterojunction of defective g-C3 N4 /CdS is designed by introducing cyano groups (NC-) as the active bridge sites. Experimental observations in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the unique electron-withdrawing feature of cyano groups in the defective g-C3 N4 /CdS heterostructure can endow this photocatalyst with numerous advantageous properties including high light absorption ability, strong redox performance, satisfactory charge separation efficiency, and long lifetime of charge carriers. Consequently, the resultant photocatalytic system exhibits more active performance than CdS and g-C3 N4 under visible light and reaches an excellent hydrogen evolution rate of 1809.07 µmol h-1 g-1 , which is 6.09 times higher than pristine g-C3 N4 . Moreover, the defective g-C3 N4 /CdS photocatalyst maintains good stability after 40 h continuous test. This work provides new insights into design and construction of Z-scheme heterojunctions for regulating the visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Zilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Changzhi Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yamei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Xidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Hewei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Zhuang Wang
- Ames Laboratory-U. S. Department of Energy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Shiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
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Jiang Z, Xiao Z, Tao Z, Zhang X, Lin S. A significant enhancement of bulk charge separation in photoelectrocatalysis by ferroelectric polarization induced in CdS/BaTiO 3 nanowires. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26534-26545. [PMID: 35480002 PMCID: PMC9037354 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04561j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient charge separation, in particular bulk charge separation (BCS), is one of the most critical factors in determining the performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting. The BCS enhancement of CdS/BaTiO3 (CdS/BTO) nanowires (NWs) in photoelectrocatalysis has rarely been reported. This paper describes a remarkable PEC properties promotion of the CdS/BTO NWs, which is confirmed to be a result of the enhanced BCS efficiency induced by the ferroelectric polarization. The vertical arrays of BTO NWs endow fast transfer of carriers. Meanwhile, CdS is decorated uniformly on the surface of BTO NWs, which ensures a wide range of light absorption. After two negative polarizations, the CdS/BTO NWs have successfully obtained a remarkable photocurrent density, achieving 459.53 μA cm-2 at 1.2 V(vs.RHE), which is 2.86 times that of the unpolarized sample. However, after two positive polarizations, the photocurrent density dramatically decreases to 40.18 μA cm-2 at 1.2 V(vs.RHE), which is merely 0.25 times the original value. More importantly, the photocurrent density reaches up to a prominent value of -71.09 mA cm-2 at -0.8 V(vs.RHE) after two successive negative polarizations, which is a 40.87 mA cm-2 enhancement with respect to the sample without poling. Significantly, at -0.8 V(vs.RHE), the BCS efficiency of the CdS/BTO NWs is as high as 91.87% after two negative polarizations. The effects of ferroelectric polarization on the PEC performance of CdS/BTO NWs have been systematically studied. The results demonstrate that ferroelectric polarization, especially negative polarization, results in an internal electric field to tune band bending of CdS/BTO NWs, thus prominently enhancing the PEC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 Hainan China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 Hainan China
| | - Zhaohui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 Hainan China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 Hainan China
| | - Zui Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 Hainan China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 Hainan China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 Hainan China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 Hainan China
| | - Shiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228 Hainan China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou 570228 Hainan China
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