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Hong Z, Wang X, Fang Y, Deng L, Li L, Zhu Z. Restructuring Surface Lewis Pairs of FAU Zeolite through N Doping for Boosting the Toluene Side-Chain Alkylation Performance. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3258-3266. [PMID: 38320256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Toluene side-chain alkylation with methanol for the styrene monomer formation remains a great challenge. An optimal synergy between acidic and basic sites on zeolites is required for an efficient catalysis process. It is important to modulate the surface Lewis acid-base pairs precisely. Herein, we report a strategy to restructure the surface Lewis acid-base pairs in cesium-modified X zeolite (CsX) by N doping. In the process of toluene side-chain alkylation, the CsX-BN-600 catalyst, where N species is doped into the framework of the X zeolite, exhibits 2.7 times the styrene formation rate and a much better selectivity of 85.7% in comparison to the parent CsX of 70.1% selectivity to styrene at the same reaction conditions. The introduction of N species into zeolites acts as a new Lewis base site and optimizes the Lewis sites due to its ability of electron donation. Meanwhile, the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) between the deprotonated framework nitrogen in X zeolite and positively polarized C species in the side-chain alkylation reaction is created. Furthermore, the N doping contributes to the generation of the active intermediates of HCOO* and H3CO*. These reasons favor the superiority of the catalyst through N doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hong
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingsen Fang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Deng
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhirong Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Wu Z, Sun T, Li Z, Li C. Si-Modified Cs/Al 2O 3 for Aldol Condensation of Methyl Acetate with Formaldehyde to Methyl Acrylate by Chemical Liquid Deposition. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taolue Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People’s Republic of China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengxi Li
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People’s Republic of China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province256606, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunshan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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Ran Z, Shao X, Mushtaq MA, Du X, Liu H, Hou S, Ji S. Preparation of Cs/Cu-LDO@X catalysts and reaction mechanism of the side-chain alkylation of toluene to styrene. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Han H, Liu M, Yang H, Shi C, Xu S, Wei Y, Liu Z, Song C, Guo X. Effects of the Pore Structure and Acid–Base Property of X Zeolites on Side-Chain Alkylation of Toluene with Methanol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, P.R. China
| | - Shutao Xu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yingxu Wei
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, P.R. China
| | - Chunshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, P.R. China
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Hattori H, Aitani AM. Catalytic and Mechanistic Insights into Side‐Chain Alkenylation of Toluene with Methanol for Styrene Formation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Hattori
- Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
- Professor Emeritus Hokkaido University 5-10-2-3, Nishino Nishi-ku, Sapporo 063-0035 Japan
| | - Abdullah M. Aitani
- Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
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Rainer DN, Morris RE. New avenues for mechanochemistry in zeolite science. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8995-9009. [PMID: 34152333 PMCID: PMC8258784 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zeolites are a class of microporous materials with tremendous value for large scale industrial applications such as catalysis, ion exchange, or gas separation. In addition to naturally ocurring variants, zeolites are made synthetically using hydrothermal synthesis, requiring temperatures beyond 100 °C and long reaction times up to weeks. Furthermore, specific applications may require more sophisticated synthesis conditions, expensive reagents, or post-synthetic modifications. Some of these issues can be tackled by using the reemerged technique of mechanochemistry. In 2014, Majano et al. reviewed the space and outlined several possibilities for the usage of mechanical forces in zeolite chemistry. Since then the field has seen many more publications employing mechanochemical methodology to further and improve the synthesis and properties of zeolite materials. The usage ranges from the activation of raw materials, rendering the synthesis of the widely used catalysts much more economical in terms of duration, atom efficiency, and production of waste, to post-synthetic modification of the materials leading to improved properties for target aplications. We present a short review of the advances that have been reported recently, highlight promising work and important studies, and give a perspective of potential future endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Rainer
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Russell E Morris
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK. and Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Xiao Y, Lyu H, Yang C, Zhao B, Wang L, Tang J. Graphitic carbon nitride/biochar composite synthesized by a facile ball-milling method for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 103:93-107. [PMID: 33743922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance the removal performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) on organic pollutant, a simultaneous process of adsorption and photocatalysis was achieved via the compounding of biochar and g-C3N4. In this study, g-C3N4 was obtained by a condensation reaction of melamine at 550°C. Then the g-C3N4/biochar composites were synthesized by ball milling biochar and g-C3N4 together, which was considered as a simple, economical, and green strategy. The characterization of resulting g-C3N4/biochar suggested that biochar and g-C3N4 achieved effective linkage. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of the composites were evaluated with enrofloxacin (EFA) as a model pollutant. The result showed that all the g-C3N4/biochar composites displayed higher adsorption and photocatalytic performance to EFA than that of pure g-C3N4. The 50% g-C3N4/biochar performed best and removed 45.2% and 81.1% of EFA (10 mg/L) under darkness and light with a dosage of 1 mg/mL, while g-C3N4 were 19.0% and 27.3%, respectively. Besides, 50% g-C3N4/biochar showed the highest total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency (65.9%). Radical trapping experiments suggested that superoxide radical (•O2-) and hole (h+) were the main active species in the photocatalytic process. After 4 cycles, the composite still exhibited activity for catalytic removal of EFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Honghong Lyu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Chengliang Yang
- BCIG Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Fan Z, Su X, Wang D, Zhang D, Duan R, Yang Y. Simulation of catalytic toluene alkylation with methanol in fixed‐bed reactors. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong‐Liang Fan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Xin Su
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Dong‐Liang Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Dong‐Qiang Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Run‐Hao Duan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China
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