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Li Q, Tan Y, Ma G, Chen H, He R, Liu F, Liu W, Xu M, Bao SJ. Gas-Solid Reaction Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction of Pt-Skin L1 0-PtFe/C. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14284-14289. [PMID: 39046132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Compared to Pt/C, the atomic ordered Pt-based intermetallic compounds can deliver higher efficiency and reliable stability, and they are considered one of the ideal cathode catalysts for the next generation of fuel cells. This work proposed a simple ferrocene atmosphere annealing method to improve commercial Pt/C and convert Pt to L10-PtFe. After further acid etching treatment, the obtained carbon-supported Pt-skin L10-PtFe (Pt-skin L10-PtFe/C) with superfine particle size (∼3.3 nm) not only was highly dispersed on the carbon but possesses a thin Pt skin, like the armor of L10-PtFe. As excepted, the ORR activity of Pt-skin L10-PtFe/C (0.375 A mg-1; 0.921 mA cm-2) is far better than that of commercial Pt/C (0.121 A mg-1; 0.260 mA cm-2), and its stability is also greatly improved. Our proposed gas-solid reaction is straightforward and has great potential in producing Pt-based intermetallic catalysts on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Lab for Battery Materials and Technologies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Tan
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Lab for Battery Materials and Technologies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Guandie Ma
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Lab for Battery Materials and Technologies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Lab for Battery Materials and Technologies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ruilin He
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Lab for Battery Materials and Technologies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Lab for Battery Materials and Technologies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Lab for Battery Materials and Technologies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Maowen Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Lab for Battery Materials and Technologies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Juan Bao
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Lab for Battery Materials and Technologies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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2
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Guo Y, Zheng F, Wang T, Liu X, Tian X, Qu K, Wang L, Li R, Kang W, Li Z, Li H. Construction of Pd-Te Intermetallic Compounds to Achieve Ultrastable Oxygen Reduction Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36363-36372. [PMID: 38954684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Palladium (Pd)-transition metal alloys have the potential to regulate the intermediate surface adsorption strength in oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), making them a promising substitute for platinum-based catalysts. Nonetheless, prolonged electrochemical cycling can lead to the depletion of transition metals, resulting in structural degradation and poor durability. Herein, the synthesis of alloy catalysts (Pd25%Te75%) containing Pd and the metalloid tellurium (Te) through a one-step reduction method is reported. Characterizations of powder X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy demonstrated both uniform dispersion and strong binding force of elements within the PdTe alloy, along with providing crystallographic details of associated compounds. Based on density functional theory calculations, PdTe had a more negative d-band center than that of pure Pd, which reduces the adsorption capacity between active sites and intermediates in the ORR, and therefore enhances reaction kinetics. The Pd25%Te75% exhibited excellent ORR activity, and its onset and half-wave potentials were ∼0.98 and ∼0.90 V, respectively, at 1600 rpm within the O2-saturated 1.0 M KOH. Significantly, accelerated durability tests achieved exceptional stability, and half-wave potential just decayed by 4 mV after 30000 consecutive cycles. Moreover, this study aims to promote the preparation of Pd and metalloid alloys for other energy conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Fuxian Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Xiaotan Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Konggang Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Rui Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Wenjun Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Zongge Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
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Lin Z, Sathishkumar N, Xia Y, Li S, Liu X, Mao J, Shi H, Lu G, Wang T, Wang HL, Huang Y, Elbaz L, Li Q. Tailoring Zirconia Supported Intermetallic Platinum Alloy via Reactive Metal-Support Interactions for High-Performing Fuel Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400751. [PMID: 38634352 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient and anti-corrosive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is of great importance for the applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we report a novel approach to prepare metal oxides supported intermetallic Pt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) via the reactive metal-support interaction (RMSI) as ORR catalysts, using Ni-doped cubic ZrO2 (Ni/ZrO2) supported L10-PtNi NPs as a proof of concept. Benefiting from the Ni migration during RMSI, the oxygen vacancy concentrations in the support are increased, leading to an electron enrichment of Pt. The optimal L10-PtNi-Ni/ZrO2-RMSI catalyst achieves remarkably low mass activity (MA) loss (17.8 %) after 400,000 accelerated durability test cycles in a half-cell and exceptional PEMFC performance (MA=0.76 A mgPt -1 at 0.9 V, peak power density=1.52/0.92 W cm-2 in H2-O2/-air, and 18.4 % MA decay after 30,000 cycles), representing the best reported Pt-based ORR catalysts without carbon supports. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that L10-PtNi-Ni/ZrO2-RMSI requires a lower energetic barrier for ORR than L10-PtNi-Ni/ZrO2 (direct loading), which is ascribed to a decreased Bader charge transfer between Pt and *OH, and the improved stability of L10-PtNi-Ni/ZrO2-RMSI compared to L10-PtNi-C can be contributed to the increased adhesion energy and Ni vacancy formation energy within the PtNi alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Nadaraj Sathishkumar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, 91330, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, 91330, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Tanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Hsing-Lin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Lior Elbaz
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
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Barzegar G, Dehghanifard E, Esrafili A, Kermani M, Sanaei D, Kalantary RR. Enhancing oxygen reduction reaction performance through eco-friendly chitosan gel-assisted molten salt strategy: Small NiCo alloy nanoparticles decorated with high-loading single Fe-N X. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131481. [PMID: 38599431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
We developed an effective and eco-friendly strategy using chitosan gel-molten salt to achieve high loading (2.23 At. %) of single Fe-NX as assistive active sites. These sites were combined with small NiCo alloy NPs distributed on porous carbon aerogels to boost the ORR performance. The FeSAs-NiCo alloy@N-C sphere exhibits exceptional mass activity and specific activity of 3.705 A.mg-1 and 8.79 mA.cm-2(ECSA), respectively, at 0.85 V versus RHE. It has a superior onset potential of 1.08 V versus RHE, surpassing that of its nanoparticle Fe counterpart and NiCo alloy@N-C sphere. The significant improvement in ORR performance of the FeSAs-NiCo alloy@N-C sphere could be attributed to the positive effects of increased lattice strain due to the single atoms of Fe-NX hybridized with small NiCo alloy NPs. The chitosan gel-assisted molten salt strategy and assistive active sites of Fe-NX hybridized with NiCo alloy NPs regulate the electronic properties of the FeSAs-NiCo alloy@N-C sphere, both geometrically via lattice strain mismatch and electronically through shifting of the d-band center. This could influence the binding energies for oxygen and/or oxygen reduction intermediate adsorption/desorption. The additional improvement in the ORR performance of the FeSAs-NiCo alloy@N-C sphere also benefits from having a lower electrochemical activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelavizh Barzegar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Dehghanifard
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology (RCEHT), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology (RCEHT), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology (RCEHT), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daryoush Sanaei
- Center for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology (RCEHT), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Feng JD, Zhang WD, Liu Y, Han WK, Zhu RM, Gu ZG. A 3D Covalent Organic Framework with In-situ Formed Pd Nanoparticles for Efficient Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302201. [PMID: 37565784 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-platinum noble metals are highly desirable for the development of highly active, stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries. However, how to improve the utilization of non-platinum noble metals is an urgent issue. Herein, a highly efficient catalyst for ORR was prepared through homogeneous loading of Pd precursors by a domain-limited method in a three-dimensional covalent organic framework (COF) followed by pyrolysis. The morphology of the Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) was well maintained after carbonization, which was attributed to the rigid structure of the 3D COF. Thanks to the uniform distribution of Pd NPs in the carbon, the catalyst exhibited a remarkable half-wave potential of 0.906 V and a Tafel slope of 70 mV dec-1 in 0.1 M KOH, surpassing the commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.863 V and 75 mV dec-1 ). Furthermore, a maximum power density of 144.0 mW cm-2 was achieved at 252 mA cm-2 , which was significantly higher than the control battery (105.1 mW cm-2 ). This work not only provides a simple strategy for in-situ preparation of highly dispersible metal catalysts in COFs, but also offers new insights into the ORR electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Da Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wang-Kang Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Guo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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Bidirectional O2 reduction/H2O oxidation boosted by a pentadentate pyridylalkylamine copper(II) complex. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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7
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Plasma-Engineered cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated N-doped graphene nanoplatelets as High-performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts for Aluminum–air batteries. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Yang M, Wan J, Yan C. Ordered intermetallic compounds combining precious metals and transition metals for electrocatalysis. Front Chem 2022; 10:1007931. [PMID: 36186599 PMCID: PMC9520242 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1007931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ordered intermetallic alloys with significantly improved activity and stability have attracted extensive attention as advanced electrocatalysts for reactions in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Here, recent advances in tuning intermetallic Pt- and Pd-based nanocrystals with tunable morphology and structure in PEMFCs to catalyze the cathodic reduction of oxygen and the anodic oxidation of fuels are highlighted. The fabrication/tuning of ordered noble metal-transition metal-bonded intermetallic PtM and PdM (M = Fe, Co) nanocrystals by using high temperature annealing treatments to promote the activity and stability of electrocatalytic reactions are discussed. Furthermore, the further improvement of the efficiency of this unique ordered intermetallic alloys for electrocatalysis are also proposed and discussed. This report aims to demonstrate the potential of the ordered intermetallic strategy of noble and transition metals to facilitate electrocatalysis and facilitate more research efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meicheng Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, PRChina
| | - Jinxin Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, PRChina
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, PRChina
- *Correspondence: Chao Yan,
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Gao J, Zhou X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Xu Z, Qiu Y, Yuan Q, Lin X, Qiu HJ. Exploiting the Synergistic Electronic Interaction between Pt-Skin Wrapped Intermetallic PtCo Nanoparticles and Co-N-C Support for Efficient ORR/EOR Electrocatalysis in a Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202071. [PMID: 35607293 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of low-Pt catalysts with high activity and durability is critical for fuel cells. Here, Pt-skin wrapped sub-5 nm PtCo intermetallic nanoparticles are successfully mounted on single atom Co-N-C support by exploiting the barrier effect of Co-anchor. According to a collaborative experimental and computational investigation, the increased oxygen reduction reaction activity of PtCo/Co-N-C arises from the direct electron transfer from PtCo to Co-N-C, and the resulting optimal d-band center of Pt. Owing to such unique electronic structure interaction and synergistic effect, the specific and mass activities of PtCo/Co-N-C are up to 4.20 mA cm-2 and 2.71 A mgPt-1 , respectively, with barely degraded stability after 40 000 CV cycles. The PtCo/Co-N-C also exhibits outstanding activity as an ethanol electrocatalyst. This work shows a new and effective route to boost the overall efficiency of direct ethanol fuel cells in acidic media by integrating intermetallic low-Pt alloys and single atom carbon support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuyan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Blockchain Development and Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yimai Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yejun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xi Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Blockchain Development and Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hua-Jun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Blockchain Development and Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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