1
|
Wang W, Jia R, Hui Y, Zhang F, Zhang L, Liu Y, Song Y, Wang B. Utilization of two plant polysaccharides to improve fresh goat milk cheese: Texture, rheological properties, and microstructure characterization. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3900-3917. [PMID: 37080791 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of added jujube polysaccharide (JP) and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the texture, rheological properties, and microstructure of goat milk cheese. Seven groups of fresh goat milk cheese were produced with 4 levels (0, 0.2, 0.6, and 1%, wt/wt) of JP and LBP. The goat milk cheese containing 1% JP showed the highest water-holding capacity, hardness, and the strongest rheological properties by creating a denser and more stable casein network structure. In addition, the yield of goat milk cheese was substantially improved as a result of JP incorporation. Cheeses containing LBP expressed lower fat content, higher moisture, and softer texture compared with the control cheese. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis demonstrated that the addition of JP improved the stability of the secondary protein structure in cheese and significantly enhanced the binding capacity of the casein matrix to water molecules due to strengthened intermolecular interactions. The current research demonstrated the potential feasibility of modifying the texture of goat milk cheese by JP or LBP, available for developing tunable goat milk cheese to satisfy consumer preferences and production needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Rong Jia
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hui
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Fuxin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Bini Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bansal V, Mishra SK. Reduced-sodium cheeses: Implications of reducing sodium chloride on cheese quality and safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:733-758. [PMID: 33325171 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium chloride (NaCl) universally well-known as table salt is an ancient food additive, which is broadly used to increase the storage stability and the palatability of foods. Though, in recent decades, use of table salt in foods is a major concern among the health agencies of the world owing to ill effects of sodium (Na) that are mostly linked to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. As a result, food scientists are working to decrease the sodium content in food either by decreasing the rate of NaCl addition or by partial or full replacement of NaCl with other suitable salts like potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2 ), or magnesium chloride (MgCl2 ). However, in cheese, salt reduction is difficult to accomplish owing to its multifaceted role in cheese making. Considering the significant contribution in dietary salt intake (DSI) from cheese, researchers across the globe are exploring various technical interventions to develop reduced-sodium cheeses (RSCs) without jeopardizing the quality and safety of cheeses. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide an insight of NaCl reduction on sensory, physicochemical, and technofunctional attributes of RSCs with an aim to explore various strategies for salt reduction without affecting the cheese quality and safety. The relationship between salt reduction and survival of pathogenic and spoilage-causing microorganisms and growth of RSCs microflora is also discussed. Based on the understanding of conceptual and applied information on the complex changes that occur in the development of RSCs, the quality and safety of RSCs can be accomplished effectively in order to reduce the DSI from cheese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venus Bansal
- Department of Dairy Technology, College of Dairy Science & Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science & Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stocco G, Pazzola M, Dettori ML, Paschino P, Summer A, Cipolat-Gotet C, Vacca GM. Effects of indirect indicators of udder health on nutrient recovery and cheese yield traits in goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8648-8657. [PMID: 31351732 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In dairy goats, very little is known about the effect of the 2 most important indirect indicators of udder health [somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC)] on milk composition and cheese yield, and no information is available regarding the effects of lactose levels, pH, and NaCl content on the recovery of nutrients in the curd, cheese yield traits, and daily cheese yields. Because large differences exist among dairy species, conclusions from the most studied species (i.e., bovine) cannot be drawn for all types of dairy-producing animals. The aims of this study were to quantify, using milk samples from 560 dairy goats, the contemporary effects of a pool of udder health indirect indicators (lactose level, pH, SCC, TBC, and NaCl content) on the recovery of nutrients in the curd (%REC), cheese yield (%CY), and daily cheese yields (dCY). Cheese-making traits were analyzed using a mixed model, with parity, days in milk (DIM), lactose level, pH, SCC, TBC, and NaCl content as fixed effects, and farm, breed, glass tube, and animal as random effects. Results indicated that high levels of milk lactose were associated with reduced total solids recovery in the curd and lower cheese yields, because of the lower milk fat and protein contents in samples rich in lactose. Higher pH correlated with higher recovery of nutrients in the curd and higher cheese yield traits. These results may be explained by the positive correlation between pH and milk fat, protein, and casein in goat milk. High SCC were associated with higher recovery of solids and energy in the curd but lower recovery of protein. The higher cheese yield obtained from milk with high SCC was due to both increased recovery of lactose in the curd and water retention. Bacterial count proved to be the least important factor affecting cheese-making traits, but it decreased daily cheese yields, suggesting that, even if below the legal limits, TBC should be considered in order to monitor flock management and avoid economic losses. The effect of NaCl content on milk composition was linked with lower recovery of all nutrients in the curd during cheese-making. In addition, high milk NaCl content led to reductions in fresh cheese yield and cheese solids. The indirect indicators of the present study significantly affected the cheese-making process. Such information should be considered, to adjust the milk-to-cheese economic value and the milk payment system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Stocco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria L Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Pietro Paschino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Summer
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe M Vacca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aldalur A, Bustamante MÁ, Barron LJR. Effects of technological settings on yield, curd, whey, and cheese composition during the cheese-making process from raw sheep milk in small rural dairies: Emphasis on cutting and cooking conditions. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7813-7825. [PMID: 31279549 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The technological conditions of cheese-making affect cheese yield and compound losses in the whey, especially the processes of cutting and cooking. Although significant compositional and functional differences have been reported among animal species, there is a lack of studies on the effects of cheese-making technology on cheese yield and losses for sheep milk. Thus, we examined the cheese-making settings in 8 small rural dairies working with raw sheep milk and their effects on cheese yield and compound losses in whey during the cheese-production season. Actual cheese yield varied in 2 to 3 kg of cheese/100 kg of milk among dairies due to the cheese-making conditions, particularly the duration of cutting and cooking and the final cooking temperature. The combination of the conditions used during cutting and cooking, especially, determined fat losses in the whey. Fat losses were increased with high-speed and short cutting time settings together with high stirring speed and long duration of cooking. Additionally, cheese-makers should adapt the cutting and cooking conditions to the seasonal variations of milk composition, especially during early summer, when fat losses in the whey are higher. Our results suggest that it could be useful to use approximately 10 to 15 min of cutting time and moderate cooking speed and duration. The data reported in this study may assist the improvement of the cheese-making process in small rural dairies using sheep milk, where facilities are limited and the role of the cheese-maker is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Aldalur
- Lactiker Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Bustamante
- Lactiker Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luis Javier R Barron
- Lactiker Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Panthi RR, Kelly AL, McMahon DJ, Dai X, Vollmer AH, Sheehan JJ. Response surface methodology modeling of protein concentration, coagulum cut size, and set temperature on curd moisture loss kinetics during curd stirring. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4989-5004. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Soodam K, Guinee TP. The case for milk protein standardisation using membrane filtration for improving cheese consistency and quality. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevany Soodam
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark, Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996 Ireland
- Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC); Ireland
| | - Timothy P Guinee
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark, Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996 Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Panthi RR, Kelly AL, Hennessy D, McAuliffe S, Mateo M, O'Donnell C, O'Callaghan DJ, Sheehan JJ. Kinetics of moisture loss during stirring of cheese curds produced from standardised milks of cows on pasture or indoor feeding systems. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram R Panthi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark, Fermoy, Co.; Cork Ireland
| | - Alan L Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; Ireland
| | - Deirdre Hennessy
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre; Moorepark, Fermoy, Co.; Cork Ireland
| | - Stephen McAuliffe
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre; Moorepark, Fermoy, Co.; Cork Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences; Queen's University; Belfast BT7 1NN UK
| | - Maria Mateo
- UCD Schools of Biosystems and Food Engineering; Dublin Ireland
| | - Colm O'Donnell
- UCD Schools of Biosystems and Food Engineering; Dublin Ireland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Almeida JDSO, Dias CO, Pinto SS, Pereira LC, Verruck S, Fritzen-Freire CB, Amante ER, Prudêncio ES, Amboni RDMC. Probiotic Mascarpone-type cheese: Characterisation and cell viability during storage and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia dos S Opuski de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi 88034-001 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Carolinne O Dias
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi 88034-001 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Stephanie S Pinto
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi 88034-001 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Luiza C Pereira
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi 88034-001 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Silvani Verruck
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi 88034-001 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Carlise B Fritzen-Freire
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi 88034-001 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Edna R Amante
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi 88034-001 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Elane S Prudêncio
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi 88034-001 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Renata D M C Amboni
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi 88034-001 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koutina G, Knudsen JC, Andersen U, Skibsted LH. Influence of colloidal calcium phosphate level on the microstructure and rheological properties of rennet-induced skim milk gels. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
All cheeses have a common set of principles that involve a complex web of chemical, biochemical, and microbiological changes. These changes first transform milk into fresh or unripened cheese. Although some cheeses are consumed immediately after manufacture, most are subsequently aged or ripened for weeks to years depending on the variety. During aging or ripening, a cheese's sensory characteristics undergo multifaceted and often dramatic changes. The steps performed during the earliest days of the cheesemaking process are especially critical because they establish the chemical characteristics of the cheese at the start of ripening, and these characteristics in turn affect the ripening process. For most cheeses, the key process on the first day of cheesemaking is the fermentation of lactose to lactic acid by bacteria. The rate at which lactic acid is produced profoundly affects the initial chemical characteristics of the cheese, which selectively influence the complex microbial populations that find their way from the milk and surrounding environment into the cheese. This article discusses the basics of cheesemaking by integrating the practical steps that all cheesemakers use with the scientific principles on which those practices are based. The aim is to paint a conceptual picture in which the microbiology of cheese "fits together" with the basic practices of cheesemaking and the scientific principles that underlie them.
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Rovira S, Garcia V, Laencina J, López MB. Microstructure of industrially manufactured goat cheese Queso de Murcia al Vino during synaeresis. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rovira
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Murcia; Espinardo; E-30071; Murcia; Spain
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Murcia; Espinardo; E-30071; Murcia; Spain
| | - Jose Laencina
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Murcia; Espinardo; E-30071; Murcia; Spain
| | - Maria Belen López
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Murcia; Espinardo; E-30071; Murcia; Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rovira S, García V, Ferrandini E, Carrión J, Castillo M, López MB. Usefulness of a large field of view sensor for physicochemical, textural, and yield predictions under industrial goat cheese (Murcia al Vino) manufacturing conditions. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6320-31. [PMID: 22981571 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of a light backscatter sensor with a large field of view was tested for on-line monitoring of coagulation and syneresis in a goat cheese (Murcia al Vino) manufactured under industrial conditions. Cheesemaking was carried out concurrently in a 12-L pilot vat and a 10,000-L industrial vat following the normal cheesemaking protocol. Cheese moisture, whey fat content, hardness, springiness, and adhesiveness were measured during syneresis. The results obtained show that cutting time is best predicted by considering the coagulation ratio at the inflection point and the percentage increase in the ratio during coagulation, with no need for the first derivative. The large field of view reflectance ratio provided good results for the prediction of moisture content, yield, hardness, springiness, and adhesiveness of the final cheese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rovira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, E-30071, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
ROVIRA SILVIA, GARCÍA VICTOR, LÓPEZ MARIABELÉN. Application of a Large Field-of-View sensor during coagulation and syneresis in fresh goat cheese manufacture. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
15
|
Everard C, O’Callaghan D, Mateo M, Castillo M, Payne F, O’Donnell C. The use of colour parameters derived from an online fibre-optic sensor to monitor curd syneresis during cheese making. J FOOD ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Kelly AL, Huppertz T, Sheehan JJ. Pre-treatment of cheese milk: principles and developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1051/dst:2008017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
17
|
Everard C, O’Callaghan D, Mateo M, O’Donnell C, Castillo M, Payne F. Effects of Cutting Intensity and Stirring Speed on Syneresis and Curd Losses During Cheese Manufacture. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:2575-82. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Fagan CC, Castillo M, Payne FA, O'Donnell CP, O'Callaghan DJ. Effect of Cutting Time, Temperature, and Calcium on Curd Moisture, Whey Fat Losses, and Curd Yield by Response Surface Methodology. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:4499-512. [PMID: 17881671 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology was used to study the effect of temperature, cutting time, and calcium chloride addition level on curd moisture content, whey fat losses, and curd yield. Coagulation and syneresis were continuously monitored using 2 optical sensors detecting light backscatter. The effect of the factors on the sensors' response was also examined. Retention of fat during cheese making was found to be a function of cutting time and temperature, whereas curd yield was found to be a function of those 2 factors and the level of calcium chloride addition. The main effect of temperature on curd moisture was to increase the rate at which whey was expelled. Temperature and calcium chloride addition level were also found to affect the light backscatter profile during coagulation whereas the light backscatter profile during syneresis was a function of temperature and cutting time. The results of this study suggest that there is an optimum firmness at which the gel should be cut to achieve maximum retention of fat and an optimum curd moisture content to maximize product yield and quality. It was determined that to maximize curd yield and quality, it is necessary to maximize firmness while avoiding rapid coarsening of the gel network and microsyneresis. These results could contribute to the optimization of the cheese-making process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Fagan
- Biosystems Engineering, UCD School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Everard CD, O'Callaghan DJ, Fagan CC, O'Donnell CP, Castillo M, Payne FA. Computer Vision and Color Measurement Techniques for Inline Monitoring of Cheese Curd Syneresis. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:3162-70. [PMID: 17582098 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Optical characteristics of stirred curd were simultaneously monitored during syneresis in a 10-L cheese vat using computer vision and colorimetric measurements. Curd syneresis kinetic conditions were varied using 2 levels of milk pH (6.0 and 6.5) and 2 agitation speeds (12.1 and 27.2 rpm). Measured optical parameters were compared with gravimetric measurements of syneresis, taken simultaneously. The results showed that computer vision and colorimeter measurements have potential for monitoring syneresis. The 2 different phases, curd and whey, were distinguished by means of color differences. As syneresis progressed, the backscattered light became increasingly yellow in hue for circa 20 min for the higher stirring speed and circa 30 min for the lower stirring speed. Syneresis-related gravimetric measurements of importance to cheese making (e.g., curd moisture content, total solids in whey, and yield of whey) correlated significantly with computer vision and colorimetric measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Everard
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Castillo M, Lucey J, Wang T, Payne F. Effect of temperature and inoculum concentration on gel microstructure, permeability and syneresis kinetics. Cottage cheese-type gels. Int Dairy J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|