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Liu T, Zhou N, Bai Z, Cao Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zheng X, Feng W. A comparative metabolomics study on dried and processed Rehmannia Radix. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5654. [PMID: 37070162 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of Rehmannia Radix changes after processing. However, the precise effect of processing on the properties of Rehmannia Radix is an intricate topic, as this effect cannot be explained by traditional methods. The purpose of this study was to investigate how processing methods influence the properties of Rehmannia Radix, as well as the changes in body function after administering dried Rehmannia Radix (RR) and processed Rehmannia Radix (PR) using a metabolomics approach. In addition, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis models were generated using SIMCA-P 14.0 to evaluate the properties of RR and PR. Potential biomarkers were identified, and associated metabolic networks were established to clarify differences in the properties and efficacies of RR and PR. The results showed that RR and PR have cold and hot properties, respectively. RR can exert a hypolipidaemic effect by regulating nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. PR exerts a tonic effect and regulates the body's reproductive function through the regulation of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arachidonic acid, pentose and glucuronate metabolism, respectively. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics is a promising approach to determine the cold/hot properties of traditional Chinese medicine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yumin Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang YY, Sun YP, Yang BY, Wang QH, Kuang HX. Application of metabolomics and network analysis to reveal the ameliorating effect of four typical “hot” property herbs on hypothyroidism rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:955905. [PMID: 36091783 PMCID: PMC9452843 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.955905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbs with a “hot” properties are frequently used to treat cold symptoms in TCM. However, the underlying mechanisms of the herbs with “hot” properties on hypothyroidism have not been investigated. This study aimed to explore four typical “hot” and “cold” property herb on hypothyroidism. Firstly, the difference efficacy between the four typical “hot” property herbs and the four typical “cold” property herbs was assessed by physical signs, thyroid function, and the metabolic profile using multivariate statistical analysis. The influence of the four typical “hot” property herbs on hypothyroidism was validated pathologically. The impact mechanism of the four typical “hot” property herbs on hypothyroidism was investigated through a metabolomics method combined with network analysis. Na+/K+-ATP, ACC1 enzyme, UCP-1, and the PI3K-Akt pathway were used to confirm the metabolite pathways and target-associated metabolites. The results showed that the four typical “hot” property herbs could significantly improve physical signs, thyroid function, and the metabolic profile in hypothyroidism rats, the four typical “cold” property herbs did not show any benefit. Moreover, the four typical “hot” property herbs could improve lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and thyroid hormone levels by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Ca2+- AMPK signaling pathways, purine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. Additionally, the levels of UCP-1, Na+/K + -ATP enzyme, and ACC1 were ameliorated by the four typical “hot” property herbs in hypothyroidism rats. Therefore, a metabolomics strategy combined with network analysis was successfully performed and interpreted the mechanism of the four typical “hot” property herbs on hypothyroidism based on the theory of “cold and hot” properties of TCM well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu-Hong Wang, ; Hai-Xue Kuang,
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu-Hong Wang, ; Hai-Xue Kuang,
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Zhou Y, Xu B. New insights into molecular mechanisms of "Cold or Hot" nature of food: When East meets West. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110361. [PMID: 34053554 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines are largely adopted in China and have a key importance in the world medical system. Cold-hot nature is the important characteristics of food and Chinese Materia Medica in the traditional Chinese medicine, relating to food functions in the organism. As compared to the studies on the cold and hot nature in Chinese medicine, the research studies carried out to establish the association between cold-hot nature and food are insufficient. Intending to investigate the criteria to discriminate the cold-hot nature of food and Chinese medicine scientifically, this review collected the cold-hot nature-related literature in recent 20 years in several popular databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. This review explored that the cold and hot natures are not only linked to the chemical components such as water, carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, but also correlated to the biological effects, comprising of energy metabolism, inflammation response, oxidation reaction, immune response, and cell growth and proliferation. Besides, this review further put forward the possibility that cold-hot nature of food and Chinese medicine exert different biological effects on the inflammatory response via regulating the signaling pathways viz. NF-κB and MAPK. More extensive studies are needed to consider the overall connections between both the biological effects and chemical components and how food processing affects the cold-hot nature of the food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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Quantitative and Molecular Similarity Analyses of the Metabolites of Cold- and Hot-Natured Chinese Herbs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6646507. [PMID: 33747108 PMCID: PMC7954617 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6646507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese herbs possess four different medicinal properties: hot, warm, cold, and cool. These serve as a reference guide for these herbal medicines. However, the molecular mechanisms supporting their relevance remain unclear. Methods We performed metabolomics based on capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF/MS) and multivariate data analysis for the structural identification of compounds of cold- and hot-natured Chinese herbs. Results To this end, 30 selected herbs were analyzed and a total of 416 metabolites were identified via CE-TOF/MS, of which 193 compounds were detected in most herbs. The observed profiles offered the potential to understand the mechanism of association between the compounds and nature of the Chinese herbs. Comparison of the similarity in terms of chemical and molecular structures and content revealed that hot-natured herbs contained more nucleotides. In contrast, principal component analysis revealed the presence of more amino acid compounds in cold-natured herbs. Conclusion Comparing the structural similarities between the samples using the Tanimoto coefficient revealed that a general non-specific structure was observed between cold- and hot-natured herbs; however, the distribution of the molecular groups seemed to contribute more toward the energy properties.
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Bahari F, Yavari M. Hot and Cold Theory: Evidence in Systems Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1343:135-160. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80983-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Yu S, Li C, Ding Y, Huang S, Wang W, Wu Y, Wang F, Wang A, Han Y, Sun Z, Lu Y, Gu N. Exploring the 'cold/hot' properties of traditional Chinese medicine by cell temperature measurement. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:208-218. [PMID: 32114881 PMCID: PMC7067177 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1732429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: It is common sense that chewing a mint leaf can cause a cooling feeling, while chewing ginger root will produce a burning feeling. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this phenomenon is referred to as 'cold/hot' properties of herbs. Herein, it is reported that TCM with different "cold/hot" properties have different effects on the variation of cells.Objective: To explore the intrinsic 'cold/hot' properties of TCM from the perspective of cellular and molecular biology.Materials and methods: A375 cells were selected using Cancer Cell Line Encyclopaedia (CCLE) analysis and western blots. Hypaconitine and baicalin were selected by structural similarity analysis from 56 and 140 compounds, respectively. A wireless thermometry system was used to measure cellular temperature change induced by different compounds. Alteration of intracellular calcium influx was investigated by means of calcium imaging.Results: The IC50 values of GSK1016790A, HC067047, hypaconitine, and baicalin for A375 cells are 8.363 nM, 816.4 μM, 286.4 μM and 29.84 μM, respectively. And, 8 μM hypaconitine induced obvious calcium influx while 8 μM baicalin inhibited calcium influx induced by TRPV4 activation. Cellular temperature elevated significantly when treated with GSK1016790A or hypaconitine, while the results were reversed when cells were treated with HC067047 or baicalin.Discussion and conclusions: The changes in cellular temperature are speculated to be caused by the alteration of intracellular calcium influx mediated by TRPV4. In addition, the 'cold/hot' properties of compounds in TCM can be classified by using cellular temperature detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Li
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yushi Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangxu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuexia Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- CONTACT Yin Lu
| | - Ning Gu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- Ning Gu
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