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Cai M, Shen H, Xing Y, Wang W, Guan F, Luo Y. Starvation-induced changes in the proteome and transcriptome of the salivary glands of leech (Hirudo nipponia). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304453. [PMID: 38923974 PMCID: PMC11207150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hirudo nipponia is an important medicinal animal in China. Its salivary gland secretions contain a variety of protein bioactive substances. Investigations of its salivary glands are of great significance in the study of the medicinal value and mechanism of leech secretions. Illumina RNA-Seq technology was used to perform transcriptome sequencing of salivary gland tissue of H. nipponia under starvation (D30) and fed (D0) states. A total of 2,650 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Using the label-free protein quantification technique and bioinformatics analysis, the expression of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the salivary gland tissue of H. nipponia was compared. A total of 2,021 proteins were identified, among which 181 proteins were differentially expressed between the starvation and fed states, with 72 significantly upregulated and 109 significantly downregulated. The salivary glands of H. nipponia synthesized protein-based active substances after 30 days of starvation and adapted to the starvation environment by weakening respiratory activity and reducing metabolic activity to reduce energy expenditure. Energy was produced by glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle for the synthesis of substances such as antibiotics. This study combined transcriptome and proteome sequencing data to provide a data reference for an in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of salivary gland secretions of H. nipponia under starvation stress by analyzing DEGs and DEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Cai
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongying Shen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yueting Xing
- Women’s Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Guan
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Jia Z, Liu Y, Ji X, Zheng Y, Li Z, Jiang S, Li H, Kong Y. DAKS1, a Kunitz Scaffold Peptide from the Venom Gland of Deinagkistrodon acutus Prevents Carotid-Artery and Middle-Cerebral-Artery Thrombosis via Targeting Factor XIa. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100966. [PMID: 34681191 PMCID: PMC8539665 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold-based peptides (SBPs) are fragments of large proteins that are characterized by potent bioactivity, high thermostability, and low immunogenicity. Some SBPs have been approved by the FDA for human use. In the present study, we developed SBPs from the venom gland of Deinagkistrodon acutus (D. acutus) by combining transcriptome sequencing and Pfam annotation. To that end, 10 Kunitz peptides were discovered from the venom gland of D. acutus, and most of which peptides exhibited Factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitory activity. One of those, DAKS1, exhibiting strongest inhibitory activity against FXIa, was further evaluated for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity. DAKS1 prolonged twofold APTT at a concentration of 15 μM in vitro. DAKS1 potently inhibited thrombosis in a ferric chloride-induced carotid-artery injury model in mice at a dose of 1.3 mg/kg. Furthermore, DAKS1 prevented stroke in a transient middle cerebral-artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in mice at a dose of 2.6 mg/kg. Additionally, DAKS1 did not show significant bleeding risk at a dose of 6.5 mg/kg. Together, our results indicated that DAKS1 is a promising candidate for drug development for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Kong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-832-712-82
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Zhou S, Feng J, Xie Q, Huang T, Xu X, Zhou D, Zhang W, Sun S, Liu X, Wu X, Che J, Fan T, Zou D, Wang J, Zhan D, Peng D, Feng Y, Yu G, Yuan Z, Fang B. Traditional Chinese medicine shenhuang granule in patients with severe/critical COVID-19: A randomized controlled multicenter trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 89:153612. [PMID: 34126419 PMCID: PMC8161732 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a pandemic, with a high mortality rate in severe/critical cases. Therapies based on the Shenghuang Granule have proved helpful in viral infection and septic shock. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The objective of the current study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the traditional Chinese medicine, Shenhuang Granule, with standard care in hospitalized patients with severe/critical COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This was an open-label, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial. At 4 medical centers, a total of 111 severe/critical patients were randomly assigned to receive Shenhuang Granule (SHG group) twice a day for 14 days, in addition to standard care, or to receive standard care alone (Control group). The maximal follow up time was 75 days. The clinical endpoint was clinical improvement and mortality. RESULTS 54 patients were assigned to the control group and 57 to the SHG group. The overall mortality was 75.9% (41/54) in the control group, and 38.6% (22/57) in the SHG group (p < 0.01 vs. control). The post hoc analysis showed that in the severe category, the mortality of the control group vs. the SHG group was 58.8% (10/17) vs. 5.3% (1/19) (p < 0.01); while in the critical category, it was 83.8% (31/37) vs. 55.3% (21/38) (p < 0.05). In the severe category, the mortality of patients who eventually received an invasive ventilator in the control vs. the SHG group was 58.8% (10/17) vs. 0 (0/19) (p < 0.01). Administration of SHG was associated with increased lymphocytes and decreased adverse events. CONCLUSION Shenhuang Granule is a promising integrative therapy for severe and critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai China, 201203
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qin Xie
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, 430012, China
| | - Tingrong Huang
- Huangshi Hospital of TCM (Infectious Disease Hospital), 6 Plaza Road, Huangshi Port District, Huangshi, Hubei, 435000, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Medical Informatics Department, Wuhan Center Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Daixing Zhou
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuting Sun
- Clinical Medical College of TCM, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Tanhualin, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinhua Che
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tian Fan
- Medical Department of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, China
| | - Dengxiu Zou
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Junshuai Wang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Daqian Zhan
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yikuan Feng
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zuobiao Yuan
- American Academy of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. 1925 W County Rd B2, Roseville, MN 55113, USA.
| | - Bangjiang Fang
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China; Leishenshan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430200, Hubei, China.
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Cui H, Fu FQ, Liu B, Liu WJ, Liu YN. Herbal Medicine "Shulifenxiao" Formula for Nephrotic Syndrome of Refractory Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675406. [PMID: 34040535 PMCID: PMC8141813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment for adult patients with refractory idiopathic membranous nephropathy (RIMN) by conventional immunosuppressive regimens is not satisfactory. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine, Shulifenxiao formula, as a promising regimen. Methods: A total of 31 RIMN patients resistant to corticosteroid or immunosuppressive agents were retrospectively analyzed. Shulifenxiao treatment lasted a minimum of 12°months in all patients and extended to 24°months in 11 patients. The primary outcomes [the complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR)] and secondary outcomes (the serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels) were measured at 6, 12, 18, and 24°months. Results: The data provided an average follow-up of 21 ± 9.16°months from baseline. The remission was attained in 25/31 patients (80.7%: CR 29.0% and PR 51.6%) at 12°months and in 10/11 patients (90.9%: CR 54.6% and PR 36.4%) at 24°months, respectively. Proteinuria reduced from 6.02 g/d at baseline to 0.98 g/d at 12°months (p < 0.001) and to 0.27 g/d at 24°months (p = 0.003); serum albumin increased from 28 g/L to 37.2 g/L at 12°months (p < 0.001) and to 41.3 g/L at 24°months (p = 0.003); eGFR improved from 100.25 ml/min/1.73 m2 to 118.39 ml/min/1.73 m2 at 6°months (p < 0.001) and finally to 111.62 ml/min/1.73 m2at 24°months (p = 0.008). Only two patients developed subsequent relapse. Conclusion: Shulifenxiao formula as a clinical cocktail therapy serves as an alternative therapeutic option for steroid and immunosuppressant-resistant RIMN patients, with a favourable safety profile, though further studies are warranted. Clinical Trial registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn, Chinese Clinical Trials Registry [ChiCTR1800019351].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Cui
- Beijing Changping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Frank Qiang Fu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing and Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing and Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Ning Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing and Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Hirudo Lyophilized Powder Ameliorates Renal Injury in Diabetic Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6657673. [PMID: 33688363 PMCID: PMC7920712 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and destructive microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, the goal of this study, therefore, was to investigate the renal protective effect and latent mechanisms of Hirudo lyophilized powder on diabetic rats. In this study, all rats were randomly assigned into the control group and diabetic group. The rats of diabetic group were injected with low-dose STZ (35 mg/kg) intraperitoneal plus high-fat diet to induce diabetes. Then, the successful diabetic model rats were weighed and randomly assigned into four groups: (1) diabetic model group (DM group); (2) Hirudo lyophilized powder 0.3 g/kg treatment group (SL group); (3) Hirudo lyophilized powder 0.6 g/kg treatment group (SM group); (4) Hirudo lyophilized powder 1.2 g/kg treatment group (SH group). Their fasting blood glucoses (FBG) were measured every 4 weeks. After treatment with Hirudo lyophilized powder at a corresponding dose once a day for 16 weeks, their metabolic and biochemical as well as oxidative stress parameters were tested, and the kidney weight (KW)/body weight (BW) was calculated. The renal tissues were used for histological, mRNA, and protein expression analysis. The results showed that Hirudo lyophilized powder could protect against the structural damages and functional changes of diabetic renal tissue by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, it was found in the further research that inhibiting the NOX4 expression and JAK2/STAT1/STAT3 pathway activation might be the underlying mechanisms. Collectively, Hirudo lyophilized powder might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN.
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