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Tan H, Liang D, Lu N, Zhang J, Zhang S, Tan G. Mangiferin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuronal injuries in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8645-8656. [PMID: 38752883 PMCID: PMC11164489 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Mangiferin, a naturally occurring potent glucosylxanthone, is mainly isolated from the Mangifera indica plant and shows potential pharmacological properties, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant in sepsis-induced lung and kidney injury. However, there was a puzzle as to whether mangiferin had a protective effect on sepsis-associated encephalopathy. To answer this question, we established an in vitro cell model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy and investigated the neuroprotective effects of mangiferin in primary cultured hippocampal neurons challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Neurons treated with 20 μmol/L or 40 μmol/L mangiferin for 48 h can significantly reverse cell injuries induced by LPS treatment, including improved cell viability, decreased inflammatory cytokines secretion, relief of microtubule-associated light chain 3 expression levels and several autophagosomes, as well as attenuated cell apoptosis. Furthermore, mangiferin eliminated pathogenic proteins and elevated neuroprotective factors at both the mRNA and protein levels, showing strong neuroprotective effects of mangiferin, including anti-inflammatory, anti-autophagy, and anti-apoptotic effects on neurons in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Tan
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Shiyan Zhang
- Department of Medical, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Guojun Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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Cui J, Xu L, Sun Y, Dai L, Mo Y, Yun K, Chen Y, Chen L. VSP-2 attenuates secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS in BV2 cells by mediating the PPARγ /NF-κB signaling pathway. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220861. [PMID: 38681727 PMCID: PMC11049741 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, characterized by microglial activation and the subsequent secretion of inflammatory cytokines, plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries, often leading to neuronal damage and death. Alleviating neuroinflammation has thus emerged as a promising strategy to protect neurons and ameliorate neurodegenerative disorders. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists have demonstrated potential therapeutic actions on neuroinflammation, their prolonged use, such as with rosiglitazone, can lead to cardiac risks and lipid differentiation disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of a newly synthesized PPARγ agonist, VSP-2, on secretion of inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells. Treatment with VSP-2 significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, VSP-2 attenuated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (65 kD) and IκBα, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (65 kD). Additionally, the use of PPARγ small interfering RNA was able to attenuate the effects of VSP-2 on proinflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggest that VSP-2 effectively suppressed the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Given its potential therapeutic benefits, VSP-2 may emerge as a promising candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases or brain injuries associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Scientific Experiment Center, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Yimeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Lingfei Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Yuxiu Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Keli Yun
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Linglin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, No. 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
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Pk N, Rajan RK, Nanchappan V, Karuppaiah A, Chandrasekaran J, Jayaraman S, Gunasekaran V. C-Glucosyl Xanthone derivative Mangiferin downregulates the JNK3 mediated caspase activation in Almal induced neurotoxicity in differentiated SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:707-718. [PMID: 37455591 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2237106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION C-Glucosyl Xanthone derivatives were assessed to inhibit the JNK3 mediated Caspase pathway in Almal (Aluminum Maltolate) induced neurotoxicity in SHSY-5Y cells. METHODS Mangiferin was selected among 200 C-Glucosyl Xanthones based on molecular interaction, docking score (-10.22 kcal/mol), binding free energy (-71.12 kcal/mol), ADME/tox properties and by molecular dynamic studies. Further, it was noticed that glycone moiety of Mangiferin forms H-bond with ASN 194, SER 193, GLY 76, and OH group in the first position of the aglycone moiety shows interaction at Met 149 which is exceptionally crucial for JNK3 inhibitory activity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mangiferin (0.5, 1, 10, 20 and 30 µM) and standard SP600125 (20 µM) treatment increased the cell survival rate against Almal 200 µM, with EC50 of Mangiferin (8 µM) and standard SP600125 (4.9 µM) respectively. Mangiferin significantly impedes kinase activation, indicating suppression of JNK3 signaling with IC50 (98.26 nM). Mangiferin (10 and 15 µM) dose-dependently inhibits the caspase 3, 8, and 9 enzyme activation in comparison to Almal group. CONCLUSION Mangiferin demonstrated neuroprotection in SHSY-5Y cells against apoptosis induced by Almal by adapting the architecture of the neurons and increasing their density. Among all Xanthone derivatives, Mangiferin could improve neuronal toxicity by inhibiting JNK3 and down-regulating the Caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafila Pk
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Rajan
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tezpur, India
| | | | - Arjunan Karuppaiah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jaikanth Chandrasekaran
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher education and Research (Deemed to be University) Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Jayaraman
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
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Fu F, Luo H, Du Y, Chen Y, Tian K, Pan J, Li J, Wang N, Bao R, Jin H, Tong P, Ruan H, Wu C. AR/PCC herb pair inhibits osteoblast pyroptosis to alleviate diabetes-related osteoporosis by activating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3601-3613. [PMID: 37621124 PMCID: PMC10660633 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent complication of diabetes, characterized by systemic metabolic impairment of bone mass and microarchitecture, particularly in the spine. Anemarrhenae Rhizoma/Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (AR/PCC) herb pair has been extensively employed in Traditional Chinese Medicine to manage diabetes; however, its potential to ameliorate diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) has remained obscure. Herein, we explored the protective efficacy of AR/PCC herb pair against DOP using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat diabetic model. Our data showed that AR/PCC could effectively reduce the elevated fasting blood glucose and reverse the osteoporotic phenotype of diabetic rats, resulting in significant improvements in vertebral trabecular area percentage, trabecular thickness and trabecular number, while reducing trabecular separation. Specifically, AR/PCC herb pair improved impaired osteogenesis, nerve ingrowth and angiogenesis. More importantly, it could mitigate the aberrant activation of osteoblast pyroptosis in the vertebral bodies of diabetic rats by reducing increased expressions of Nlrp3, Asc, Caspase1, Gsdmd and IL-1β. Mechanistically, AR/PCC activated antioxidant pathway through the upregulation of the antioxidant response protein Nrf2, while concurrently decreasing its negative feedback regulator Keap1. Collectively, our in vivo findings demonstrate that AR/PCC can inhibit osteoblast pyroptosis and alleviate STZ-induced rat DOP, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating DOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yu Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuying Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kun Tian
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jin Pan
- Department of Architecture, School of ArchitectureChina Academy of ArtHangzhouChina
| | - Jian Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsHangzhou Ninth People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of MedicineZhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Ronghua Bao
- Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of TCM Orthopedics and TraumatologyHangzhouChina
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Peijian Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
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Qu X, Zhang L, Wang L. Pterostilbene as a Therapeutic Alternative for Central Nervous System Disorders: A Review of the Current Status and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14432-14457. [PMID: 37786984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are diverse, have complex causes, and often result in disability; yet, effective treatments remain scarce. The resveratrol derivative pterostilbene possesses numerous physiological activities that hold promise as a novel therapy for the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review aimed to summarize the protective mechanisms of pterostilbene in in vitro and in vivo models of CNS disorders and the pharmacokinetics and safety to assess its possible effects on CNS disorders. Available evidence supports the protective effects of pterostilbene in CNS disorders involving mechanisms such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of lipid metabolism and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, improvement of synaptic function and neurogenesis, induction of glioma cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of glioma cell migration and invasion. Studies have identified possible molecular targets and pathways for the protective actions of pterostilbene in CNS disorders including the AMPK/STAT3, Akt, NF-κB, MAPK, and ERK signaling pathways. The possible pharmacological effects and molecular pathways of pterostilbene in CNS disorders are critically discussed in this review. Future studies should aim to increase our understanding of pterostilbene in animal models and humans to further evaluate its role in CNS disorders and the detailed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Zhou H, Song S, Lan X, Li Y, Yuan X, Yang J, Li M, Cao T, Zhang J. Comprehensive Profiling of Mangiferin Metabolites In Vivo and In Vitro Based on the "Drug Metabolite Clusters" Analytical Strategy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9934-9946. [PMID: 36969398 PMCID: PMC10035007 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mangiferin, a natural flavonoid compound with multiple biological activities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-tumor), has gained increased research interest in recent years. Nevertheless, the metabolic processing of mangiferin has not been fully investigated. In this study, a rapid and efficient analytical strategy named "Drug Metabolite Clusters" was applied for comprehensive profiling of mangiferin metabolites in rat plasma, urine, and feces samples in vivo following oral administration and liver microsomes in vitro. First, the biological samples were pretreated with methanol, acetonitrile, and solid phase extraction (SPE) for further liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Second, the raw data were acquired using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole exactive orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS) under the positive and negative full-scan/dd MS2 modes. Third, mangiferin and its basic metabolites (norathyriol, trihydroxyxanthone, and dihydroxyxanthone) were selected as mangiferin metabolite cluster centers by referring to the relevant literature. Subsequently, according to the pyrolysis law of mass spectrometry, literature reports, and reference material comparison, especially the diagnostic product ions (DPIs), the candidate metabolites were accurately preliminarily identified, and mangiferin metabolite clusters based on metabolite cluster center changes were formed. As a result, a total of 67 mangiferin metabolites (mangiferin included) were detected, including 29 in plasma, 48 in urine, 12 in feces, and 6 in liver microsomes. Among them, trihydroxyxanthones were first detected in rat urine samples after oral mangiferin. We found that mangiferin mainly underwent deglucosylation, dehydroxylation, methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, and other composite reactions in rats. Herein, we have elucidated the metabolites and metabolic pathways of mangiferin in vivo and in vitro, which provided an essential theoretical basis for further pharmacological studies of mangiferin and a comprehensive research method for the identification of drug metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhou
- School
of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250300, China
| | - Shuyi Song
- School
of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xianming Lan
- School
of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250300, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- School
of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- School
of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Min Li
- Yantai
Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264001, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
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Jansakun C, Chulrik W, Hata J, Utaipan T, Pabuprapap W, Supaweera N, Mueangson O, Suksamrarn A, Chunglok W. Trihydroxyxanthones from the heartwood of Maclura cochinchinensis modulate M1/M2 macrophage polarisation and enhance surface TLR4. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:529-541. [PMID: 36580158 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory actions of phytochemicals have attracted much attention due to the current state of numerous inflammatory disorders. Thai traditional medicine uses Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner to treat chronic fever and various inflammatory diseases, as well as to maintain normal lymphatic function. Five flavonoids and five xanthones were isolated from the heartwood of M. cochinchinensis and we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of the isolated compounds. All isolated compounds possessed an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages with varying degrees of potency. The greatest decrease in M1 inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide, PGE2, and proinflammatory cytokines was observed with 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone and 1,3,5-trihydroxyxanthone treatment of LPS-activated macrophages. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of the two xanthones is mediated by the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B expression and the upregulation of M2 anti-inflammatory signalling proteins phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ. 1,3,7-Trihydroxyxanthone exhibits superior induction of anti-inflammatory M2 mediator of LPS-activated macrophages by upregulating arginase1 expression. Following the resolution of inflammation, the two xanthones enhanced surface TLR4 expression compared to LPS-stimulated cells, possibly preserving macrophage function. Our research highlights the role of the two xanthones in modulating the M1/M2 macrophage polarisation to reduce inflammation and retain surface TLR4 once inflammation has been resolved. These findings support the use of xanthones for their anti-inflammatory effects in treating inflammatory dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Jansakun
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Wanatsanan Chulrik
- Health Sciences (International Program), College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Janejira Hata
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Tanyarath Utaipan
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
| | - Wachirachai Pabuprapap
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Nassareen Supaweera
- Health Sciences (International Program), College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Onchuma Mueangson
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
- Food Technology and Innovation Center of Excellence, Research and Innovation Institute of Excellence , Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
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8
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Hao T, Chen C, Yang S, Zhang Y, Liang F. Mangiferin exerts neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:383-391. [PMID: 36322276 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mangiferin is a natural free radical scavenging antioxidant that induces excitation of the central nervous system. However, the mechanism of neuroprotective effect of mangiferin on focal cerebral ischemia has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of mangiferin on focal cerebral ischemia in mice. METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to investigate the effect of mangiferin on focal cerebral ischemia. Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham, MCAO, MCAO + 5 mg/kg mangiferin, MCAO + 20 mg/kg mangiferin and MCAO + 5 mg/kg nimodipine. Neurobehavioral scores, brain edema, brain injury scores, relative infarct size and expression of some inflammatory factors in the brain were evaluated. NF-κB pathway was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The results showed that mangiferin effectively attenuated MCAO-induced brain injury, including improvement of neurological impairment, reduction of brain edema, and reduction of infarct size. Compared with the MCAO group, mangiferin significantly inhibited MCAO-induced neuroinflammation, which can be proved by reduced expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2. In addition, we found that phosphorylation of IκBα was inhibited and the expression of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus was reduced after the addition of mangiferin. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that mangiferin exerts neuroprotective effects on focal cerebral ischemia in mice by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mangiferin may be an effective treatment for cerebral ischemia and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpao Hao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Southern white elephant town, Ouhai district, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Departments of Neurology, Wuhu NO.1 People's Hospital, 241000, Wuhu, NO, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feiyu Liang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Southern white elephant town, Ouhai district, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
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9
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Gao Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Chang C, Gao X, Yang G. Cattle Encephalon Glycoside and Ignotin Attenuates Aβ1-42-Mediated Neurotoxicity by Preventing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Modulating Microglial Polarization via TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1802-1811. [PMID: 36214996 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation-mediated microglial polarization and chronic neuroinflammation play a crucial role in the process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The previous study has shown that cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin (CEGI) exerted an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibited inflammatory cytokines release by downregulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in AD models. However, it is not clear whether CEGI can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulate the polarization of microglia in AD and whether its effects rely on TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In the present study, we found that CEGI attenuated amyloid-β (Aβ)1-42-induced apoptosis, increased Aβ degrading enzymes (insulin-degrading enzyme and neprilysin), and promoted the clearance of Aβ1-42 in BV2 cells. CEGI also restrained the expression of NLRP3 and M1 microglial marker (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and elevated the expression of M2 microglial markers (arginase-1 and CD206). Meanwhile, knockdown of TLR4 with small interfering RNA proved that TLR4/NF-κB signaling was involved in the effects of CEGI. Furthermore, the roles of CEGI in inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, modulating microglia M1/M2 polarization, and increasing Aβ degrading enzyme expression were further validated in vivo using APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, CEGI promotes Aβ degradation and protects microglia against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity by preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulating M1/M2 polarization via TLR4/NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Chang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 05000, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Pyroptosis Activities of Mangiferin via Suppressing NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD Signaling Cascades. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710124. [PMID: 36077522 PMCID: PMC9456045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin (MF), a xanthone that extensively exists in many herbal medicines, processes significant activities of anti-inflammation and immunomodulation. The potential regulatory effect and mechanism of mangiferin on cell pyroptosis remain unclear. In this study, mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS to induce cell pyroptosis and were treated with 10, 50, or 100 μg/mL MF for regulating pyroptosis. The cell supernatants TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, Caspase-1, Caspase-11, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) was tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein expression levels of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC), nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, caspase-11, GSDMD, and NF-κB were detected by Western blot. The results showed that MF significantly inhibited the secretion and gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 that were elevated by LPS. Moreover, MF significantly suppressed the gene expression of Caspase-1, Caspase-11, and GSDMD, and decreased the protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-11, full-length GSDMD (GSDMD-FL), GSDMD N-terminal (GSDMD-N), and NF-κB. In conclusion, mangiferin has a multi-target regulating effect on inflammation and pyroptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, suppressing inflammatory caspase-mediated pyroptosis cascades, and reducing GSDMD cleavage in LPS-induced BMDMs.
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Mou KJ, Shen KF, Li YL, Wu ZF, Duan W. Adenosine A 2A Receptor in Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Mediated Macrophages M2 Polarization via PPARγ-P65 Pathway in Chronic Hypoperfusion Situation. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:792733. [PMID: 35046793 PMCID: PMC8761901 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.792733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) in the ischemic white matter damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remains obscure. Here we investigated the role of A2AR in the process of macrophage polarizations in the white matter damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and explored the involved signaling pathways. Methods: We combined mouse model and macrophage cell line for our study. White matter lesions were induced in A2AR knockout mice, wild-type mice, and chimeric mice generated by bone marrow cells transplantation through bilateral common carotid artery stenosis. Microglial/macrophage polarization in the corpus callosum was detected by immunofluorescence. For the cell line experiments, RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with the A2AR agonist CHS21680 or A2AR antagonist SCH58261 for 30 min and cultured under low-glucose and hypoxic conditions. Macrophage polarization was examined by immunofluorescence. The expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and transcription factor P65 was examined by western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Inflammatory cytokine factors were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR. Results: Both global A2AR knockout and inactivation of A2AR in bone marrow-derived cells enhanced M1 marker expression in chronic ischemic white matter lesions. Under low-glucose and hypoxic conditions, CGS21680 treatment promoted macrophage M2 polarization, increased the expression of PPARγ, P65, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The CGS21680-induced upregulation of P65 and IL-10 was abolished in macrophages upon PPARγ knockdown. The downregulation of TNF-α and IL-1β by CGS21680 was less affected by PPARγ knockdown. Conclusions: In the cerebral hypoperfusion induced white matter damage, A2AR signaling in bone marrow-derived cells induces macrophage M2 polarization and increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 via the PPARγ-P65 pathway, both of which might explain its neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jie Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-Feng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Sun Y, Li Q, Cui L, Tang P, Li Y, Kong L, Luo J. Diverse Ring‐
seco
Limonoids from
Munronia unifoliolata
and Their Biological Activities. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Qiurong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Letian Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Yongyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
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Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Herbet M. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9290. [PMID: 34502198 PMCID: PMC8430571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and aggregation of pathological proteins. There is a search for new compounds that can prevent the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases and slow down their course. The aim of this review is to present the role of AChE in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this review aims to reveal the benefits of using AChE inhibitors to treat these diseases. The selected new AChE inhibitors were also assessed in terms of their potential use in the described disease entities. Designing and searching for new drugs targeting AChE may in the future allow the discovery of therapies that will be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8bStreet, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Zhang M, Hu G, Shao N, Qin Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhou P, Cai B. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as a target for Alzheimer's disease: flavonoids and phenols. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1317-1329. [PMID: 34350508 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaques and tangles that have become the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Previous studies have found that thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression was increased during the development of AD neurons. TXNIP separates from the TXNIP-thioredoxin complex, and the TXNIP-NLRP3 complex assembles ASC and pro-caspase-1 to form the NLRP3 inflammasome, which triggers AD inflammation and apoptosis. CB-dock was used to explore whether 21 natural flavonoids and phenols target TXNIP based on references. Docking results showed that rutin, puerarin, baicalin, luteolin and quercetin are the most potent TXNIP inhibitors, and among them, rutin as the most effective flavonoid. And rosmarinic acid is the most potent TXNIP inhibitor of phenols. These phytochemicals could be helpful to find the lead compounds in designing and developing novel agents for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Guanhua Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Nan Shao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
| | - Biao Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
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