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Crocetto F, Imbimbo C, Barone B, Turchino D, Bracale UM, Peluso A, Panagrosso M, Falcone A, Mirto BF, De Luca L, Sicignano E, Del Giudice F, Busetto GM, Lucarelli G, Giampaglia G, Manfredi C, Ferro M, Tarantino G. Which inflammatory marker, between systemic immune-inflammation index and neutrophil to eosinophil ratio, is associated with Peyronie's disease and are there any implications for a better understanding of its mechanisms? Basic Clin Androl 2023; 33:38. [PMID: 38110896 PMCID: PMC10729439 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-023-00213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peyronie's disease affects up to 9% of men and is often accompanied by pain and/or erectile dysfunction. It is characterized by an inflammatory process that is the grassroots of the subsequent fibrosis stage. There is an unmet need to evaluate its onset and progression. Among the newly proposed biomarkers of inflammation, authors developed a novel systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) based on lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts. Similarly, a recent study reported that a neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) represents systemic inflammation. RESULTS A 49-patient group with Peyronie's disease as confronted with 50 well-matched for age and BMI controls. As laboratory evaluation of inflammation, SII, NER and the eosinophil to neutrophil ratio (ENR) were studied. As a likely risk factor for the presence of Peyronie's disease, a higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension was discovered in the patients compared to controls. A significant difference was found in the median values of the NER between the two selected groups, i.e., 32.5 versus 17.3 (p = 0.0021). As expected, also ENR was significantly different. The receiver operating characteristic curves for SII, ENR and NER were 0.55, 0.32 and 0.67, respectively, highlighting the best performance of NER. The cut-off for NER was 12.1, according to the Youden test. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, any evaluation of circulating eosinophil, evaluated as NER, beyond being a signature of immuno-inflammatory response, help assess tissue homeostasis, since eosinophils are now considered multifunctional leukocytes and give a picture of the inflammatory process and repair process belonging to Peyronie's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, AORN Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Davide Turchino
- Department of Public Health, Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Marcello Bracale
- Department of Public Health, Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Peluso
- Department of Public Health, Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Panagrosso
- Department of Public Health, Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Falcone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Benito Fabio Mirto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi De Luca
- Division of Urology, AORN "Antonio Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Sicignano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giampaglia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Celeste Manfredi
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
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2
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O'Callaghan JA, Lee D, Hammer DA. Asymmetry-Enhanced Motion of Urease-Powered Micromotors from Double Emulsion-Templated Microcapsules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37902731 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous motion of enzyme-powered motors has important implications for drug delivery, cell-cell communication, and protocell engineering. Although many of these systems are inspired by the motion of biological cells, most of them lack key structural features, like micrometer-sized boundaries and aqueous compartments, and rely on bubble propulsion to generation motion. In this study, we use droplet microfluidics to generate large populations of cell-sized microcapsules with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) shells and functionalize their surfaces with the enzyme urease to drive their motion. We adjust the number of surface functional groups for urease conjugation by preparing microcapsules with two different surfactants, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PEMA). We also tune the surface roughness of the microcapsules by varying the concentration of silica nanoparticles in the droplet middle phase. We find that PEMA plays a crucial role in increasing the grafting density of urease on the surface of smooth microcapsules, leading to active motion in the presence of urea. In addition, rough microcapsules prepared with PEMA and loaded with comparable amounts of urease move up to three times faster than their smooth counterparts, which we believe is due to an asymmetric distribution of urease on the surface, giving rise to a preferred direction of motion. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the role that various stabilizing agents play in the induction of motion by enzymatic motors prepared from microfluidics, which is a potentially powerful tool for future preparation of motile protocells in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ann O'Callaghan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel A Hammer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Singhatanadgit W, Olsen I, Young A. ICAM-1-mediated osteoblast-T lymphocyte direct interaction increases mineralization through TGF-β1 suppression. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:420-433. [PMID: 36602898 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of osteoblast functions by T lymphocytes is important in inflammation-associated mineralized tissue diseases. The study aimed to determine whether direct interaction between these two cell types affects osteoblast functions and mineralization. The results showed that direct contact between the two cell types was evident by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Under osteogenic induction, higher hydroxyapatite precipitation was observed in cocultures with direct contact with T lymphocytes compared with that by osteoblasts cultured alone. Cocultures without direct cell contact caused a decrease in mineralization. Direct cell contact also upregulated intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and simultaneously downregulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in osteoblasts. However, the downregulation of TGF-β1 was reversed by ICAM-1 blocking. Exogenously added TGF-β1 in cocultures with direct cell contact suppressed mineralization. In conclusion, studies are consistent with ICAM-1-mediated direct contact between osteoblasts and T lymphocytes increasing mineralization via downregulation of TGF-β1 in osteoblasts in vitro. This suggests a possible unexpected, but crucial, role of T lymphocytes in enhancing matrix mineralization during the repair process in vivo. The study identifies ICAM-1/TGF-β1 as possible novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of inflammation-associated mineralized tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Singhatanadgit
- Research Unit in Mineralized Tissue Reconstruction and Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Irwin Olsen
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anne Young
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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4
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Dirandeh E, Sayyar MA, Ansari-Pirsaraei Z, Deldar H, Thatcher WW. Peripheral leucocyte molecular indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress are altered in dairy cows with embryonic loss. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12771. [PMID: 34140546 PMCID: PMC8211839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective of experiment was to determine whether oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation altered embryonic loss in dairy cows. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 16, 32 and 60 after timed (AI) from 200 Holstein cows to determine embryonic loss based on interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) mRNA expression (day 16) and ultrasound at day 32 and day 60. Leucocyte expressions of mRNA TLR2, TLR4, TNF-α, IL1B, IL10, STAT3 (inflammation), PTGS2, PTGES (prostaglandin synthesis), and PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP (eicosanoid metabolism) at days 0 and 16 were determined. Plasma redox status for antioxidant enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined at days 0, 16, 32 and 60. All antioxidant-redox responses were beneficially significant in pregnant cows diagnosed pregnant at day16 and sustained pregnancy to day 60 compared to non-pregnant cows at day16 or pregnant at day16 and lost embryos by days 32 or 60. The leucocyte mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, STAT 3, IL1B, PTGS2, PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP were greater and PTGES was lower at day16 in pregnant cows that lost embryos early (P < 0.05). In conclusion peripheral leucocyte molecular indicators of inflammation and plasma indicators of OS were altered in pregnant cows undergoing embryonic losses compared to cows with a sustained pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Dirandeh
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. BOX: 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - M A Sayyar
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. BOX: 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Z Ansari-Pirsaraei
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. BOX: 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - H Deldar
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, P.O. BOX: 578, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - W W Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Mescoli A, Maffei G, Pillo G, Bortone G, Marchesi S, Morandi E, Ranzi A, Rotondo F, Serra S, Vaccari M, Zauli Sajani S, Mascolo MG, Jacobs MN, Colacci A. The Secretive Liaison of Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2. A Hypothesis and Theory Investigation. Front Genet 2020; 11:579964. [PMID: 33240326 PMCID: PMC7680895 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.579964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As the novel coronavirus disease sweeps across the world, there is growing speculation on the role that atmospheric factors may have played on the different distribution of SARS-CoV-2, and on the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19. Knowing the role that environmental factors play in influenza virus outbreaks, environmental pollution and, in particular, atmospheric airborne (particulate matter, PM) has been considered as a potential key factor in the spread and mortality of COVID-19. A possible role of the PM as the virus carrier has also been debated. The role of PM in exacerbating respiratory and cardiovascular disease has been well recognized. Accumulating evidence support the hypothesis that PM can trigger inflammatory response at molecular, cellular and organ levels. On this basis, we developed the hypothesis that PM may play a role as a booster of COVID-19 rather than as a carrier of SARS-CoV-2. To support our hypothesis, we analyzed the molecular signatures detected in cells exposed to PM samples collected in one of the most affected areas by the COVID-19 outbreak, in Italy. T47D human breast adenocarcinoma cells were chosen to explore the global gene expression changes induced by the treatment with organic extracts of PM 2.5. The analysis of the KEGG's pathways showed modulation of several gene networks related to the leucocyte transendothelial migration, cytoskeleton and adhesion system. Three major biological process were identified, including coagulation, growth control and immune response. The analysis of the modulated genes gave evidence for the involvement of PM in the endothelial disease, coagulation disorders, diabetes and reproductive toxicity, supporting the hypothesis that PM, directly or through molecular interplay, affects the same molecular targets as so far known for SARS-COV-2, contributing to the cytokines storm and to the aggravation of the symptoms triggered by COVID-19. We provide evidence for a plausible cooperation of receptors and transmembrane proteins, targeted by PM and involved in COVID-19, together with new insights into the molecular interplay of chemicals and pathogens that could be of importance for sustaining public health policies and developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Mescoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Section of Cancerology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giangabriele Maffei
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Section of Cancerology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Pillo
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bortone
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Stefano Marchesi
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Elena Morandi
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ranzi
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Francesca Rotondo
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Stefania Serra
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | | | | | - Miriam Naomi Jacobs
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Section of Cancerology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae), Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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6
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Tvaroška I, Selvaraj C, Koča J. Selectins-The Two Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Faces of Adhesion Molecules-A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122835. [PMID: 32575485 PMCID: PMC7355470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selectins belong to a group of adhesion molecules that fulfill an essential role in immune and inflammatory responses and tissue healing. Selectins are glycoproteins that decode the information carried by glycan structures, and non-covalent interactions of selectins with these glycan structures mediate biological processes. The sialylated and fucosylated tetrasaccharide sLex is an essential glycan recognized by selectins. Several glycosyltransferases are responsible for the biosynthesis of the sLex tetrasaccharide. Selectins are involved in a sequence of interactions of circulated leukocytes with endothelial cells in the blood called the adhesion cascade. Recently, it has become evident that cancer cells utilize a similar adhesion cascade to promote metastases. However, like Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’s two faces, selectins also contribute to tissue destruction during some infections and inflammatory diseases. The most prominent function of selectins is associated with the initial stage of the leukocyte adhesion cascade, in which selectin binding enables tethering and rolling. The first adhesive event occurs through specific non-covalent interactions between selectins and their ligands, with glycans functioning as an interface between leukocytes or cancer cells and the endothelium. Targeting these interactions remains a principal strategy aimed at developing new therapies for the treatment of immune and inflammatory disorders and cancer. In this review, we will survey the significant contributions to and the current status of the understanding of the structure of selectins and the role of selectins in various biological processes. The potential of selectins and their ligands as therapeutic targets in chronic and acute inflammatory diseases and cancer will also be discussed. We will emphasize the structural characteristic of selectins and the catalytic mechanisms of glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of glycan recognition determinants. Furthermore, recent achievements in the synthesis of selectin inhibitors will be reviewed with a focus on the various strategies used for the development of glycosyltransferase inhibitors, including substrate analog inhibitors and transition state analog inhibitors, which are based on knowledge of the catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tvaroška
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84538 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Correspondence: (I.T.); (J.K.); Tel.: +421-948-535-601 (I.T.); +420-731-682-606 (J.K.)
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Koča
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (I.T.); (J.K.); Tel.: +421-948-535-601 (I.T.); +420-731-682-606 (J.K.)
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7
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Tu F, Wang X, Zhang X, Ha T, Wang Y, Fan M, Yang K, Gill PS, Ozment TR, Dai Y, Liu L, Williams DL, Li C. Novel Role of Endothelial Derived Exosomal HSPA12B in Regulating Macrophage Inflammatory Responses in Polymicrobial Sepsis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:825. [PMID: 32457753 PMCID: PMC7221167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction contributes to sepsis induced initiate immune response and the infiltration of immune cells into organs, resulting in organ injury. Heat shock protein A12B (HSPA12B) is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells. The present study investigated whether endothelial HSPA12B could regulate macrophage pro-inflammatory response during sepsis. Wild type (WT) and endothelial cell-specific HSPA12B deficient (HSPA12B-/-) mice were subjected to CLP sepsis. Mortality and cardiac function were monitored. Higher mortality, worsened cardiac dysfunction, and greater infiltrated macrophages in the myocardium and spleen were observed in HSPA12B-/- septic mice compared with the WT septic mice. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were higher and the levels of IL-10 were lower in HSPA12B-/- septic mice than in WT septic mice. Importantly, endothelial exosomes contain HSPA12B which can be uptaken by macrophages. Interestingly, endothelial exosomal HSPA12B significantly increases IL-10 levels and decreases TNF-α and IL-1β production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Mechanistic studies show that endothelial exosomal HSPA12B downregulates NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation in LPS stimulated macrophages. These data suggest that endothelial HSPA12B plays a novel role in the regulation of macrophage pro-inflammatory response via exosomes during sepsis and that sepsis induced cardiomyopathy and mortality are associated with endothelial cell deficiency of HSPA12B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tu
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,The Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,The Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,The Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Tuanzhu Ha
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,The Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Yana Wang
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,The Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - P Spencer Gill
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,The Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Tammy R Ozment
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,The Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Yuan Dai
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,The Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.,The Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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8
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Anchan A, Kalogirou-Baldwin P, Johnson R, Kho DT, Joseph W, Hucklesby J, Finlay GJ, O'Carroll SJ, Angel CE, Graham ES. Real-Time Measurement of Melanoma Cell-Mediated Human Brain Endothelial Barrier Disruption Using Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing Technology. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E56. [PMID: 30991758 PMCID: PMC6627833 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is an impedance-based method for monitoring changes in cell behaviour in real-time. In this paper, we highlight the importance of ECIS in measuring the kinetics of human melanoma cell invasion across human brain endothelium. ECIS data can be mathematically modelled to assess which component of the endothelial paracellular and basolateral barriers is being affected and when. Our results reveal that a range of human melanoma cells can mediate disruption of human brain endothelium, primarily involving the paracellular route, as demonstrated by ECIS. The sensitivity of ECIS also reveals that the paracellular barrier weakens within 30-60 min of the melanoma cells being added to the apical face of the endothelial cells. Imaging reveals pronounced localisation of the melanoma cells at the paracellular junctions consistent with paracellular migration. Time-lapse imaging further reveals junctional opening and disruption of the endothelial monolayer by the invasive melanoma cells all within several hours. We suggest that the ability of ECIS to resolve changes to barrier integrity in real time, and to determine the route of migration, provides a powerful tool for future studies investigating the key molecules involved in the invasive process of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata Anchan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Panagiota Kalogirou-Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca Johnson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Dan T Kho
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Wayne Joseph
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - James Hucklesby
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Graeme J Finlay
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Catherine E Angel
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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9
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Al-Sowayan B, Keogh RJ, Abumaree M, Georgiou HM, Kalionis B. An ex vivo human placental vessel perfusion method to study mesenchymal stem/stromal cell migration. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:2. [PMID: 30842969 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background To initiate tissue repair, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) must enter the blood stream, migrate to the targeted area, cross the endothelial barrier and home to the damaged tissue. This process is not yet fully understood in humans and thus, the aim of this study was to develop an ex vivo placental vessel perfusion method to examine human MSC movement from a blood vessel into human tissue. This will provide a better understanding of MSC migration, movement through the endothelial barrier and engraftment into target tissue, in a setting that more closely represents the in vivo state, compared with conventional in vitro human cell culture models. Moreover, important similarities and differences to animal experimental model systems may be revealed by this method. Methods Human placental hTERT transformed MSC lines were labelled with live-cell fluorescence dyes, and then perfused into term human placental blood vessel. After labelled MSCs were perfused into the vessel, the vessel was dissected from the placenta and incubated at cell growth conditions. Following incubation, the vessel was washed thoroughly to remove unattached, labelled MSCs and then snap frozen for sectioning. After sectioning, immunofluorescence staining of the endothelium was carried out to detect if labelled MSCs crossed the endothelial barrier. Results Twelve placental vessel perfusions were successfully completed. In eight of the twelve perfused vessels, qualitative assessment of immunofluorescence in sections (n=20, 5 µm sections/vessel) revealed labelled MSCs had crossed the endothelial barrier. Conclusions The human placental ex vivo vessel perfusion method could be used to assess human MSC migration into human tissue. Cells of the MSC lines were able to adhere and transmigrate through the endothelial barrier in a manner similar to that of leukocytes. Notably, cells that transmigrated remained in close proximity to the endothelium, which is consistent with the reported MSC vascular niche in placental blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balta Al-Sowayan
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosemary J Keogh
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mohammed Abumaree
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.,College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harry M Georgiou
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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10
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Identification of Novel Hemangioblast Genes in the Early Chick Embryo. Cells 2018; 7:cells7020009. [PMID: 29385069 PMCID: PMC5850097 DOI: 10.3390/cells7020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During early vertebrate embryogenesis, both hematopoietic and endothelial lineages derive from a common progenitor known as the hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts derive from mesodermal cells that migrate from the posterior primitive streak into the extraembryonic yolk sac. In addition to primitive hematopoietic cells, recent evidence revealed that yolk sac hemangioblasts also give rise to tissue-resident macrophages and to definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In our previous work, we used a novel hemangioblast-specific reporter to isolate the population of chick yolk sac hemangioblasts and characterize its gene expression profile using microarrays. Here we report the microarray profile analysis and the identification of upregulated genes not yet described in hemangioblasts. These include the solute carrier transporters SLC15A1 and SCL32A1, the cytoskeletal protein RhoGap6, the serine protease CTSG, the transmembrane receptor MRC1, the transcription factors LHX8, CITED4 and PITX1, and the previously uncharacterized gene DIA1R. Expression analysis by in situ hybridization showed that chick DIA1R is expressed not only in yolk sac hemangioblasts but also in particular intraembryonic populations of hemogenic endothelial cells, suggesting a potential role in the hemangioblast-derived hemogenic lineage. Future research into the function of these newly identified genes may reveal novel important regulators of hemangioblast development.
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11
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Balta MG, Loos BG, Nicu EA. Emerging Concepts in the Resolution of Periodontal Inflammation: A Role for Resolvin E1. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1682. [PMID: 29312286 PMCID: PMC5735081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response is a protective biological process intended to eliminate the harmful effect of the insulting influx. Resolution of inflammation constitutes an active sequence of overlapping events mediated by specialized proresolving mediators, such as lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, which originate from the enzymatic conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). An unresolved acute inflammatory response results in chronic inflammation, which is a leading cause of several common pathological conditions. Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced chronic inflammatory disease, which results in loss of periodontal connective tissue and alveolar bone support around the teeth, leading to tooth exfoliation. An inadequate proresolving host response may constitute a mechanism explaining the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. An emerging body of clinical and experimental evidence has focused on the underlying molecular mechanisms of resolvins and particularly Resolvin E1 (RvE1) in periodontitis. Recently, RvE1 has been directly correlated with the resolution of inflammation in periodontal disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding the role and possible mechanisms of action of RvE1 on different cell populations recruited in periodontal inflammation as well as its potential therapeutic implications. Along with recent data on the benefits of PUFAs supplementation in periodontal clinical parameters, we touch upon suggested future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Balta
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena A Nicu
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Opris Dent SRL, Sibiu, Romania
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12
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Kho DT, Johnson R, Robilliard L, du Mez E, McIntosh J, O’Carroll SJ, Angel CE, Graham ES. ECIS technology reveals that monocytes isolated by CD14+ve selection mediate greater loss of BBB integrity than untouched monocytes, which occurs to a greater extent with IL-1β activated endothelium in comparison to TNFα. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180267. [PMID: 28732059 PMCID: PMC5521748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that TNFα and IL-1β differentially regulate the inflammatory phenotype of human brain endothelial cells (hCMVECs). In this regard, IL-1β treatment was considerably more potent than TNFα at increasing expression of inflammatory chemokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules. We therefore hypothesised that interaction of the hCMVECs with human monocytes would also be dependent on the activation status of the endothelium. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to assess whether brain endothelial cells activated by IL-1β or TNFα differed in their interaction with monocytes. Methods Monocyte interaction was measured using the real time, label-free impedance based ECIS technology, to evaluate endothelial barrier integrity during monocyte attachment and transendothelial migration. Results ECIS technology revealed that there was a greater loss of barrier integrity with IL-1β activation and this loss lasted for longer. This was expected and consistent with our hypothesis. However, more striking and concerning was the observation that the method of monocyte enrichment greatly influenced the extent of endothelial barrier compromise. Importantly, we observed that positively isolated monocytes (CD14+ve) caused greater reduction in barrier resistance, than the negatively selected monocytes (untouched). Analysis of the isolated monocyte populations revealed that the CD14+ve isolation consistently yields highly pure monocytes (>92%), whereas the untouched isolation was much more variable, yielding ~70% enrichment on average. These two enrichment methods were compared as it was thought that the presence of non-classical CD16hi monocytes in the untouched enrichment may mediate greater compromise than the classical CD14hi monocytes. This however, was not the case and these observations raise a number of important considerations pertaining to the enrichment strategy, which are essential for generating reliable and consistent data. Conclusions We conclude that IL-1β and TNFα differentially influence monocyte interaction with brain endothelial cells and moreover, the enrichment method also influences the monocyte response as revealed using ECIS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ting Kho
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Johnson
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laverne Robilliard
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elyce du Mez
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckalnd, New Zealand
| | - Julie McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckalnd, New Zealand
| | - Simon J. O’Carroll
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E. Angel
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckalnd, New Zealand
| | - E. Scott Graham
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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13
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Darzi L, Boshtam M, Shariati L, Kouhpayeh S, Gheibi A, Mirian M, Rahimmanesh I, Khanahmad H, Tabatabaiefar MA. The silencing effect of miR-30a on ITGA4 gene expression in vitro: an approach for gene therapy. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:456-464. [PMID: 29204174 PMCID: PMC5691572 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.217426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are adhesion molecules which play crucial roles in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Very late antigen-4 or α4β1 and lymphocyte Peyer’s patch adhesion molecule-1 or α4β7, are key factors in the invasion of tumor cells and metastasis. Based on the previous reports, integrin α4 (ITGA4) is overexpressed in some immune disorders and cancers. Thus, inhibition of ITGA4 could be a therapeutic strategy. In the present study, miR-30a was selected in order to suppress ITGA4 expression. The ITGA4 3' UTR was amplified, cloned in the Z2827-M67-(ITGA4) plasmid and named as Z2827-M67/3'UTR. HeLa cells were divided into five groups; (1) untreated without any transfection, (2) mock with Z2827-M67/3'UTR transfection and X-tremeGENE reagent, (3) negative control with Z2827-M67/3'UTR transfection alone, (4) test with miR-30a mimic and Z2827-M67/3'UTR transfection and (5) scramble with miR-30a scramble and Z2827-M67/3'UTR transfection. The MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell survival and cytotoxicity in each group. Real-time RT-PCR was applied for the ITGA4 expression analysis. The findings of this study showed that miR-30a downregulated ITGA4 expression and had no effect on the cell survival. Due to the silencing effect of miR-30a on the ITGA4 gene expression, this agent could be considered as a potential tool for cancer and immune disorders therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Darzi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Shirin Kouhpayeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Azam Gheibi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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14
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Gonnissen D, Qu Y, Langer K, Öztürk C, Zhao Y, Chen C, Seebohm G, Düfer M, Fuchs H, Galla HJ, Riehemann K. Comparison of cellular effects of starch-coated SPIONs and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) matrix nanoparticles on human monocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5221-5236. [PMID: 27789942 PMCID: PMC5072557 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last years, progress has been made in the knowledge of the properties of medically used nanoparticles and their toxic effects, but still, little is known about their influence on cellular processes of immune cells. The aim of our comparative study was to present the influence of two different nanoparticle types on subcellular processes of primary monocytes and the leukemic monocyte cell line MM6. We used core-shell starch-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and matrix poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for our experiments. In addition to typical biocompatibility testing like the detection of necrosis or secretion of interleukins (ILs), we investigated the impact of these nanoparticles on the actin cytoskeleton and the two voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.3 and Kv7.1. Induction of necrosis was not seen for PLGA nanoparticles and SPIONs in primary monocytes and MM6 cells. Likewise, no alteration in secretion of IL-1β and IL-10 was detected under the same experimental conditions. In contrast, IL-6 secretion was exclusively downregulated in primary monocytes after contact with both nanoparticles. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments revealed that both nanoparticles reduce currents of the aforementioned potassium channels. The two nanoparticles differed significantly in their impact on the actin cytoskeleton, demonstrated via atomic force microscopy elasticity measurement and phalloidin staining. While SPIONs led to the disruption of the respective cytoskeleton, PLGA did not show any influence in both experimental setups. The difference in the effects on ion channels and the actin cytoskeleton suggests that nanoparticles affect these subcellular components via different pathways. Our data indicate that the alteration of the cytoskeleton and the effect on ion channels are new parameters that describe the influence of nanoparticles on cells. The results are highly relevant for medical application and further evaluation of nanomaterial biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Gonnissen
- Center for Nanotechnology, Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ying Qu
- Center for Nanotechnology, Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Münster, Münster
| | | | - Yuliang Zhao
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Chen
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases, University Hospital Münster
| | - Martina Düfer
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Center for Nanotechnology, Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Department of Cell Biology/Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kristina Riehemann
- Center for Nanotechnology, Institute of Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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15
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McLean LP, Cross RK. Integrin antagonists as potential therapeutic options for the treatment of Crohn's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:263-73. [PMID: 26822204 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1148137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-integrin therapy for the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease is rapidly evolving. Two agents, natalizumab and vedolizumab, are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Crohn's disease, with vedolizumab the primary anti-integrin used due to a more favorable safety profile. Several other anti-integrins are in various stages of development. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the current state of anti-integrin therapy as well as suggestions for positioning of these agents in clinical practice. Emerging anti-integrin therapies, their underlying mechanisms of action, and available safety and clinical data are also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Anti-integrins are effective for the treatment of Crohn's disease, even in patients refractory to other therapies. Their use should be considered in patients with Crohn's disease who do not respond to, develop non-response to, or have contraindications to anti-TNF therapy. Anti-integrin therapies can be offered as a first biologic therapy, in particular for older patients, patients with concurrent multiple sclerosis (natalizumab only), and in patients with contraindications to anti-TNF therapy. In patients with more severe symptoms, providers should consider co-induction with corticosteroids if possible to hasten remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon P McLean
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , University of Maryland, Baltimore , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Raymond K Cross
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , University of Maryland, Baltimore , Baltimore , MD , USA
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16
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Singh H, Grewal N, Arora E, Kumar H, Kakkar AK. Vedolizumab: A novel anti-integrin drug for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2016; 7:4-9. [PMID: 27003961 PMCID: PMC4780165 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.175016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the chronic inflammatory disorder of gastrointestinal tract consisting of two subtypes: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. IBD occurs due to infiltration of leukocytes in intestinal mucosa and derangements in intestinal barrier function. One of the most important steps in pathogenesis of IBD is the interactions between integrins on the surface of leukocyte. The α4β7 integrin expressing T-cell is an important leukocyte involved in pathogenesis and represents a new drug target for the treatment of IBD. Vedolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody, which acts against α4β7 integrin heterodimer and blocks the interaction of α4β7 integrin with MAdCAM-1. It prevents leukocyte binding to endothelial surface and its extravasation into affected tissue. The efficacy and safety of the vedolizumab have been established in many clinical studies. It has shown promising results in various clinical studies where a greater percentage of patients as compared to a placebo achieved and maintained clinical response, clinical remission, and corticosteroid-free clinical remission. Vedolizumab has been shown to be well tolerated with slightly higher risk of infections, headache, naspharyngitis as compared to placebo. This review focuses on the potential role of vedolizumab for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Nipunjot Grewal
- Department of Pharmacology, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Ekta Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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17
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Mulki L, Sweigard JH, Connor KM. Assessing leukocyte-endothelial interactions under flow conditions in an ex vivo autoperfused microflow chamber assay. J Vis Exp 2014:52130. [PMID: 25590688 PMCID: PMC4354482 DOI: 10.3791/52130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte-endothelial interactions are early and critical events in acute and chronic inflammation and can, when dysregulated, mediate tissue injury leading to permanent pathological damage. Existing conventional assays allow the analysis of leukocyte adhesion molecules only after the extraction of leukocytes from the blood. This requires the blood to undergo several steps before peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) can be ready for analysis, which in turn can stimulate PBLs influencing the research findings. The autoperfused micro flow chamber assay, however, allows scientists to study early leukocytes functional dysregulation using the systemic flow of a live mouse while having the freedom of manipulating a coated chamber. Through a disease model, the functional expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules can be assessed and quantified in a micro-glass chamber coated with immobilized endothelial adhesion molecules ex vivo. In this model, the blood flows between the right common carotid artery and left external jugular vein of a live mouse under anesthesia, allowing the interaction of native PBLs in the chamber. Real-time experimental analysis is achieved with the assistance of an intravital microscope as well as a Harvard Apparatus pressure device. The application of a flow regulator at the input point of the glass chamber allows comparable physiological flow conditions amongst the experiments. Leukocyte rolling velocity is the main outcome and is measured using the National Institutes of Health open-access software ImageJ. In summary, the autoperfused micro flow chamber assay provides an optimal physiological environment to study leukocytes endothelial interaction and allows researchers to draw accurate conclusions when studying inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Mulki
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary; St. Elizabeth's Medical Center
| | - J Harry Sweigard
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary
| | - Kip M Connor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary;
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18
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Olyslaegers DAJ, Desmarets LMB, Dedeurwaerder A, Dewerchin HL, Nauwynck HJ. Generation and characterization of feline arterial and venous endothelial cell lines for the study of the vascular endothelium. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:170. [PMID: 23987139 PMCID: PMC3847150 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in vitro culture of endothelial cells (ECs) is an indispensable tool for studying the role of the endothelium in physical and pathological conditions. Primary ECs, however, have a restricted proliferative lifespan which hampers their use in long-term studies. The need for standardized experimental conditions to obtain relevant and reproducible results has increased the demand for well-characterized, continuous EC lines that retain the phenotypic and functional characteristics of their non-transformed counterparts. RESULTS Primary feline ECs from aorta and vena cava were successfully immortalized through the successive introduction of simian virus 40 large T (SV40LT) antigen and the catalytic subunit of human telomerase (hTERT). In contrast to the parental ECs, the transformed cells were able to proliferate continuously in culture. Established cell lines exhibited several inherent endothelial properties, including typical cobblestone morphology, binding of endothelial cell-specific lectins and internalization of acetylated low-density lipoprotein. In addition, the immortalization did not affect the functional phenotype as demonstrated by their capacity to rapidly form cord-like structures on matrigel and to express cell adhesion molecules following cytokine stimulation. CONCLUSION The ability to immortalize feline ECs, and the fact that these cells maintain the EC phenotype will enable a greater understanding of fundamental mechanisms of EC biology and endothelial-related diseases. Furthermore, the use of cell lines is an effective implementation of the 3-R principles formulated by Russel and Burch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique A J Olyslaegers
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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19
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Olyslaegers DA, Dedeurwaerder A, Desmarets LM, Vermeulen BL, Dewerchin HL, Nauwynck HJ. Altered expression of adhesion molecules on peripheral blood leukocytes in feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:438-49. [PMID: 23910523 PMCID: PMC7117481 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal, coronavirus-induced systemic disease in domestic and wild felids. The pathology associated with FIP (multifocal granulomatous vasculitis) is considered to be elicited by exaggerated activation and subsequent extravasation of leukocytes. As changes in the expression of adhesion molecules on circulating leukocytes precede their margination and emigration, we reasoned that the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules may be altered in FIP. In present study, the expression of principal adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte transmigration (CD15s, CD11a, CD11b, CD18, CD49d, and CD54) on peripheral blood leukocytes from cats with naturally occurring FIP (n = 15) and controls (n = 12) was quantified by flow cytometry using a formaldehyde-based rapid leukocyte preparation technique. T- and B-lymphocytes from FIP patients exhibit higher expression of both subunits (CD11a and CD18) composing the β2 integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1. In addition, the expression of the α4 subunit (CD49d) of the β1 integrin very late antigen (VLA)-4 was elevated on B-lymphocytes from FIP patients. The expression of CD11b and CD18, that combine to form the β2 integrin macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1), was elevated on monocytes, whereas the density of CD49d was reduced on this population in FIP. Granulocytes of FIP cats displayed an increased expression of the α chain of Mac-1 (CD11b). These observations suggest that leukocytes from FIP patients show signs of systemic activation causing them to extravasate into surrounding tissues and ultimately contribute to pyogranuloma formation seen in FIP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hans J. Nauwynck
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 9 264 7373; fax: +32 9 264 7495.
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20
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McLean LP, Shea-Donohue T, Cross RK. Vedolizumab for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Immunotherapy 2013; 4:883-98. [PMID: 23046232 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorders of the GI tract. In both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, leukocytic infiltration of the mucosa is associated with epithelial damage. Recently, monoclonal antibodies directed against cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) involved in leukocyte extravasation have been developed. Natalizumab, the first drug brought to market targeting CAMs, is clinically effective but is associated with serious adverse effects including the uncommon, but often fatal, neurological disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Vedolizumab targets a subset of the CAMs blocked by natalizumab and is currently in Phase III trials to study its efficacy and safety in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we discuss the current treatment options available for patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, the history of CAM inhibitors, the current state of development of vedolizumab and its future role in inflammatory bowel disease, if approved by regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon P McLean
- University of Maryland, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Shen SH, Wertz DL, Klinman JP. Implication for functions of the ectopic adipocyte copper amine oxidase (AOC3) from purified enzyme and cell-based kinetic studies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29270. [PMID: 22238597 PMCID: PMC3251558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AOC3 is highly expressed in adipocytes and smooth muscle cells, but its function in these cells is currently unknown. The in vivo substrate(s) of AOC3 is/are also unknown, but could provide an invaluable clue to the enzyme's function. Expression of untagged, soluble human AOC3 in insect cells provides a relatively simple means of obtaining pure enzyme. Characterization of enzyme indicates a 6% titer for the active site 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ) cofactor and corrected k(cat) values as high as 7 s(-1). Substrate kinetic profiling shows that the enzyme accepts a variety of primary amines with different chemical features, including nonphysiological branched-chain and aliphatic amines, with measured k(cat)/K(m) values between 10(2) and 10(4) M(-1) s(-1). K(m)(O(2)) approximates the partial pressure of oxygen found in the interstitial space. Comparison of the properties of purified murine to human enzyme indicates k(cat)/K(m) values that are within 3 to 4-fold, with the exception of methylamine and aminoacetone that are ca. 10-fold more active with human AOC3. With drug development efforts investigating AOC3 as an anti-inflammatory target, these studies suggest that caution is called for when screening the efficacy of inhibitors designed against human enzymes in non-transgenic mouse models. Differentiated murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes show a uniform distribution of AOC3 on the cell surface and whole cell K(m) values that are reasonably close to values measured using purified enzymes. The latter studies support a relevance of the kinetic parameters measured with isolated AOC3 variants to adipocyte function. From our studies, a number of possible substrates with relatively high k(cat)/K(m) have been discovered, including dopamine and cysteamine, which may implicate a role for adipocyte AOC3 in insulin-signaling and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. Finally, the demonstrated AOC3 turnover of primary amines that are non-native to human tissue suggests possible roles for the adipocyte enzyme in subcutaneous bacterial infiltration and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam H. Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Diana L. Wertz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Judith P. Klinman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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