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Dimmock RL, Rotherham M, El Haj AJ, Yang Y. Fabrication and Characterisation of Hydrogels with Reversible Wrinkled Surfaces for Limbal Study and Reconstruction. Gels 2023; 9:915. [PMID: 37999005 PMCID: PMC10671082 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the biomedical field, there is a demand for the development of novel approaches for the investigation of optical epithelial anatomical features with biomimetic materials. These materials are not only required to replicate structures but also enable dynamic modelling for disease states such as limbal stem cell deficiency and ageing. In the present study, the effective generation of reversible wrinkled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates was undertaken to mimic the undulating anatomy of the limbal epithelial stem cell niche. This undulating surface pattern was formed through a dual treatment with acid oxidation and plasma using an innovatively designed stretching frame. This system enabled the PDMS substrate to undergo deformation and relaxation, creating a reversible and tuneable wrinkle pattern with cell culture applications. The crypt-like pattern exhibited a width of 70-130 µm and a depth of 17-40 µm, resembling the topography of a limbal epithelial stem cell niche, which is characterised by an undulating anatomy. The cytocompatibility of the patterned substrate was markedly improved using a gelatin methacrylate polymer (GelMa) coating. It was also observed that these wrinkled PDMS surfaces were able to dictate cell growth patterns, showing alignment in motile cells and colony segregation in colony-forming cells when using human and porcine limbal cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L. Dimmock
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Michael Rotherham
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Alicia J. El Haj
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
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Yu FSX, Lee PSY, Yang L, Gao N, Zhang Y, Ljubimov AV, Yang E, Zhou Q, Xie L. The impact of sensory neuropathy and inflammation on epithelial wound healing in diabetic corneas. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 89:101039. [PMID: 34991965 PMCID: PMC9250553 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes, with several underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, some of which are still uncertain. The cornea is an avascular tissue and sensitive to hyperglycemia, resulting in several diabetic corneal complications including delayed epithelial wound healing, recurrent erosions, neuropathy, loss of sensitivity, and tear film changes. The manifestation of DPN in the cornea is referred to as diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy (DNK). Recent studies have revealed that disturbed epithelial-neural-immune cell interactions are a major cause of DNK. The epithelium is supplied by a dense network of sensory nerve endings and dendritic cell processes, and it secretes growth/neurotrophic factors and cytokines to nourish these neighboring cells. In turn, sensory nerve endings release neuropeptides to suppress inflammation and promote epithelial wound healing, while resident immune cells provide neurotrophic and growth factors to support neuronal and epithelial cells, respectively. Diabetes greatly perturbs these interdependencies, resulting in suppressed epithelial proliferation, sensory neuropathy, and a decreased density of dendritic cells. Clinically, this results in a markedly delayed wound healing and impaired sensory nerve regeneration in response to insult and injury. Current treatments for DPN and DNK largely focus on managing the severe complications of the disease. Cell-based therapies hold promise for providing more effective treatment for diabetic keratopathy and corneal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shin X Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Patrick S Y Lee
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Yang
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Inamochi A, Miyai T, Usui T, Aihara M, Yamagami S. Effects of corneal epithelial superficial keratectomy in patients with focal limbal stem cell disease. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021; 25:101239. [PMID: 34917856 PMCID: PMC8666511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2021.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Irregular corneal epithelium in limbal stem cell disease can cause visual acuity to deteriorate substantially when it reaches the pupil. In this case series, we assessed the effectiveness of simple corneal epithelial superficial keratectomy in improving visual acuity in patients with irregular corneal epithelium in focal limbal stem cell disease covering the visual axis. Observations We performed simple corneal epithelial superficial keratectomy in four patients (five eyes) with irregular corneal epithelium covering the visual axis. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp findings with fluorescein staining, anterior segment optical coherence tomography and histopathology. In all five eyes, slit lamp findings showed uneven fluorescein staining in a spiral pattern, with impaired corneal epithelial smoothness and visual disturbance. We removed the irregular epithelium in all five eyes. Visual acuity in all the eyes was improved immediately after surgery, and good visual acuity and stable epithelium were maintained for the duration of the observation periods. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed, normal squamous and columnar epithelial cells. Goblet cells were not detected. Conclusionsand Importance Corneal epithelial superficial keratectomy can lead to a pathological diagnosis by examining the removed epithelial tissues, and result in excellent therapeutic outcomes in focal limbal stem cell disease reaching the pupil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Inamochi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori, Narita-shi, Chiba-ken, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagami
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0032, Japan
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Singh V, Tiwari A, Kethiri AR, Sangwan VS. Current perspectives of limbal-derived stem cells and its application in ocular surface regeneration and limbal stem cell transplantation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1121-1128. [PMID: 33951336 PMCID: PMC8284782 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cells are involved in replenishing and maintaining the epithelium of the cornea. Damage to the limbus due to chemical/physical injury, infections, or genetic disorders leads to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) with partial or total vision loss. Presently, LSCD is treated by transplanting limbal stem cells from the healthy eye of the recipient, living-related, or cadaveric donors. This review discusses limbal-derived stem cells, the importance of extracellular matrix in stem cell niche maintenance, the historical perspective of treating LSCD, including related advantages and limitations, and our experience of limbal stem cell transplantation over the decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anil Tiwari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cornea and Uveitis, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Reddy Kethiri
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Application of mesenchymal stem cells in corneal regeneration. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101600. [PMID: 34371292 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to delicate its structure, the cornea is susceptible to physical, chemical, and genetic damages. Corneal transplantation is the main treatment for serious corneal damage, but it faces significant challenges, including donor shortages and severe complications. In recent years, cell therapy is suggested as a novel alternative method for corneal regeneration. Regarding the unique characteristics of Mesenchymal stem cells including the potential to differentiate into discrete cell types, secretion of growth factors, mobilization potency, and availability from different sources; special attention has been paid to these cells in corneal engineering. Differentiation of MSCs into specialized corneal cells such as keratocytes, epithelial and endothelial cells is reported. Potential for Treatment of keratitis, reducing inflammation, and inhibition of neovascularization by MSCs, introducing them as novel agents for corneal repairing. In this review, various types of MSCs used to treat corneal injuries as well as their potential for restoring different corneal layers was investigated.
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Umbilical cord stem cells in the treatment of corneal disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:803-815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pluripotent Stem Cells and Other Innovative Strategies for the Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:171-8. [PMID: 26779895 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cornea provides two thirds of the refractive power of the eye and protection against insults such as infection and injury. The outermost tissue of the cornea is renewed by stem cells located in the limbus. Depletion or destruction of these stem cells may lead to blinding limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) that concerns millions of patients around the world. Innovative strategies based on adult stem cell therapies have been developed in the recent years but they are still facing numerous unresolved issues, and the long term results can be deceiving. Today there is a clear need to improve these therapies, and/or to develop new approaches for the treatment of LSCD. Here, we review the current cell-based therapies used for the treatment of ocular diseases, and discuss the potential of pluripotent stem cells (embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells) in corneal repair. As the secretion of paracrine factors is known to have a crucial role in maintaining stem cell homeostasis and in wound repair, we also consider the therapeutic potential of a promising novel pathway, the exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that have the ability to transfer RNAs and proteins to recipient cells, and several studies demonstrated their role in cell protection and wound healing. Exosomes could circumvent the hurdles of stem-cell based approaches, and they could become a strong candidate as an alternative therapy for ocular surface diseases.
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Potential Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPSCs) for Cell-Based Therapy of the Ocular Surface. J Clin Med 2015; 4:318-42. [PMID: 26239129 PMCID: PMC4470127 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity and normal function of the corneal epithelium are crucial for maintaining the cornea’s transparency and vision. The existence of a cell population with progenitor characteristics in the limbus maintains a dynamic of constant epithelial repair and renewal. Currently, cell-based therapies for bio replacement—cultured limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET) and cultured oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET)—present very encouraging clinical results for treating limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) and restoring vision. Another emerging therapeutic approach consists of obtaining and implementing human progenitor cells of different origins in association with tissue engineering methods. The development of cell-based therapies using stem cells, such as human adult mesenchymal or induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs), represent a significant breakthrough in the treatment of certain eye diseases, offering a more rational, less invasive, and better physiological treatment option in regenerative medicine for the ocular surface. This review will focus on the main concepts of cell-based therapies for the ocular surface and the future use of IPSCs to treat LSCD.
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Medically reversible limbal stem cell disease: clinical features and management strategies. Ophthalmology 2014; 121:2053-8. [PMID: 24908203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical features and management strategies in patients whose limbal stem cell (LSC) disease reversed with medical therapy. DESIGN Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two eyes of 15 patients seen at 3 tertiary referral centers between 2007 and 2011 with 3 months or more of follow-up. METHODS Medical records of patients with medically reversible LSC disease were reviewed. Demographic data, causes, location and duration of disease, and medical inventions were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes assessed included resolution of signs of LSC disease and improvement in visual acuity. RESULTS Causes of the LSC disease included contact lens wear only (13 eyes), contact lens wear in the setting of ocular rosacea (3 eyes), benzalkonium chloride toxicity (2 eyes), and idiopathic (4 eyes). Ophthalmologic findings included loss of limbal architecture, a whorl-like epitheliopathy, or an opaque epithelium arising from the limbus with late fluorescein staining. The superior limbus was the most common site of involvement (95%). The corneal epithelial phenotype returned to normal with only conservative measures, including lubrication and discontinuing contact lens wear in 4 patients (4 eyes), whereas in 11 patients (18 eyes), additional interventions were required after at least 3 months of conservative therapy. Medical interventions included topical corticosteroids, topical cyclosporine, topical vitamin A, oral doxycycline, punctal occlusion, or a combination thereof. All eyes achieved a stable ocular surface over a mean follow-up of 15 months (range, 4-60 months). Visual acuity improved from a mean of 20/42 to 20/26 (P < 0.0184). CONCLUSIONS Disturbances to the LSC function, niche, or both may be reversible with medical therapy. These cases, which represent a subset of patients with LSC deficiency, may be considered to have LSC niche dysfunction.
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Cultivation and characterization of limbal epithelial stem cells on contact lenses with a feeder layer: toward the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. Cornea 2014; 33:65-71. [PMID: 24162749 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limbal epithelial sheets are used to promote corneal surface reconstruction after the detection of limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel combination of limbal stem cells (LSCs) maintained on contact lenses (CLs) in the presence of a 3T3 feeder cell layer regarding preservation of stem cell phenotype and the potential use for future in vivo transplantation. METHODS Limbal epithelial cells were isolated from rabbit cornea and cultured with 3T3 cells on CLs. The preservation of LSC phenotype was determined using p63α and ABCG2 immunostaining, whereas epithelial differentiation was evaluated using CK3 and CK19. The colony-forming assay was used to determine the percentage of LSCs in cultures. Finally, CLs seeded with PKH26-labeled LSCs were transferred to rabbit eyes after performing a surgical keratectomy, and the transition and phenotype of labeled cells on the corneal surface were evaluated in whole-mount corneas. RESULTS Proliferation of individual limbal cells was observed on CLs with a 3T3 feeder cell layer, showing holoclone formation and retention of viable stem or progenitor cell phenotype. Finally, a higher transition of cultivated cells after a dual sequential CL transplantation to the ocular surface was observed, showing the preservation of the LSC phenotype in the corneal surface. CONCLUSIONS Limbal cells cultivated on a CL carrier overlaying a 3T3 feeder layer are mitotically active and retain the LSC phenotype. This novel technique of using CLs as a carrier offers an easily manipulable and nonimmunogenic method for transferring LSCs for ocular surface reconstruction in patients with limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency.
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Nieto-Miguel T, Galindo S, Reinoso R, Corell A, Martino M, Pérez-Simón JA, Calonge M. In vitro simulation of corneal epithelium microenvironment induces a corneal epithelial-like cell phenotype from human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:933-44. [PMID: 23767776 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.802809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transplantation of autologous corneal stem cells in not possible in cases of bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). To restore the ocular surface in these patients, an autologous extraocular source of stem cells is desirable to avoid dependence on deceased donor tissue and host immunosuppression of allogenic transplants. While bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can acquire certain characteristics of corneal epithelial cells, subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) is more readily available and accessible. The aim of this study was to determine if extraocular human AT-derived MSCs (hAT-MSCs) can acquire in vitro some features of corneal epithelial-like cells. METHODS hAT-MSCs were isolated from human lipoaspirates and expanded up to 3-4 passages. We studied the immunophenotype of MSCs and demonstrated its multipotent capacity to differentiate toward osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. To test the capacity of differentiation of hAT-MSCs toward corneal epithelial-like cells, hAT-MSCs were cultured on substrata of plastic or collagen IV. We used basal culture medium (BM), BM conditioned with human corneal epithelial cells (HCEcBM) and BM conditioned with limbal fibroblasts (LFcBM). RESULTS The hAT-MSCs incubated for 15 days with HCEcBM acquired more polygonal and complex morphology as evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy and flow cytometry. Additionally, the expression of transforming growth factor-β receptor CD105 and corneal epithelial marker CK12 got increased as evaluated by flow cytometry, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunostaining. These changes were absent in hAT-MSCs incubated with unconditioned BM or with LFcBM. CONCLUSIONS Corneal epithelial-like cells can be induced from extraocular hAT-MSCs by subjecting them to an in vitro microenvironment containing conditioning signals derived from differentiated human corneal epithelial cells. Our results suggest that hAT-MSCs could provide a novel source of stem cells that hold the potential to restore sight lost in patients suffering from bilateral ocular surface failure due to LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Nieto-Miguel
- Ocular Surface Group, IOBA-Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
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López-Paniagua M, Nieto-Miguel T, de la Mata A, Galindo S, Herreras JM, Corrales RM, Calonge M. Consecutive Expansion of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells from a Single Limbal Biopsy. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:537-49. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.767350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Regenerative Therapies for the Ocular Surface. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
The cornea, the clear window at the front of the eye, transmits light to the retina to enable vision. The corneal surface is renewed by stem cells located at the peripheral limbal region. These cells can be destroyed by a number of factors, including chemical burns, infections, and autoimmune diseases, which result in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), a condition that can lead to blindness. Established therapy for LSCD based on ex vivo expanded limbal epithelial cells is currently at a stage of refinement. Therapy for LSCD is also rapidly evolving to include alternative cell types and clinical approaches as treatment modalities. In the present perspectives chapter, strategies to treat LSCD are discussed and advances in this important field of regenerative medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Biomaterials-Enabled Regenerative Medicine in Corneal Applications. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Floyd AM, Zhou X, Evans C, Rompala OJ, Zhu L, Wang M, Chen Y. Mucin deficiency causes functional and structural changes of the ocular surface. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50704. [PMID: 23272068 PMCID: PMC3525643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MUC5AC is the most abundant gel-forming mucin in the ocular system. However, the specific function is unknown. In the present study, a Muc5ac knockout (KO) mouse model was subject to various physiological measurements as compared to its wide-type (WT) control. Interestingly, when KO mice were compared to WT mice, the mean tear break up time (TBUT) values were significantly lower and corneal fluorescein staining scores were significantly higher. But the tear volume was not changed. Despite the lack of Muc5ac expression in the conjunctiva of KO mice, Muc5b expression was significantly increased in these mice. Corneal opacification, varying in location and severity, was found in a few KO mice but not in WT mice. The present results suggest a significant difference in the quality, but not the quantity, of tear fluid in the KO mice compared to WT mice. Dry eye disease is multifactorial and therefore further evaluation of the varying components of the tear film, lacrimal unit and corneal structure of these KO mice may help elucidate the role of mucins in dry eye disease. Because Muc5ac knockout mice have clinical features of dry eye, this mouse model will be extremely useful for further studies regarding the pathophysiology of the ocular surface in dry eye in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Floyd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Christopher Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Olivia J. Rompala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lingxiang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mingwu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YC); (MW)
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YC); (MW)
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Vemuganti GK, Sangwan VS, Mariappan I, Balasubramanian D. Regenerative Therapies for the Ocular Surface. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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