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Khoo T, Chinoy H. Anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotising myopathy: Addressing the remaining issues. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103468. [PMID: 37884200 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of autoantibodies directed against the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) enzyme has defined a sub-set of immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM) which is strongly associated with exposure to statin medications. Although understanding of anti-HMGCR IMNM has grown considerably with the reporting of multiple cohorts in North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania, there remain many unanswered questions. The true incidence of anti-HMGCR IMNM is not known and heterogeneity of phenotype and treatment response within this autoantibody sub-group is being increasingly recognised. Statin-naïve adults and juvenile patients with anti-HMGCR potentially share characteristics distinct from statin-exposed patients, alluding to unique pathogenesis. Conflicting data exists on whether malignancies are associated with anti-HMGCR and further clarification is required to determine the degree of cancer screening required. Treatment approaches to anti-HMGCR IMNM are heterogeneous but generally highlight the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin. Even with multimodal immunosuppression, patients with anti-HMGCR remain prone to relapse, with younger patients generally manifesting more refractory disease. In this Review, we aim to summarise the current literature on anti-HMGCR and discuss the remaining issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Khoo
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, United Kingdom.
| | - Hector Chinoy
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, United Kingdom
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Yaworski AM, Blyumin M, Chang T, Mammen AL, Greene M. Necrotizing myopathy with elevated anti-HMGCR antibodies following exposure to the supplement Bacopa. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:E1-E3. [PMID: 36416249 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Blyumin
- Department of Pharmacy, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California
| | - Tiffany Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California
| | - Andrew L Mammen
- Muscle Disease Unit, Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maxwell Greene
- Neuromuscular Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Samout N, Bouzenna H, Akermi S, ElFeki A, Hfaiedh N. Positive effects of leaves of Erodium glaucophyllum on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence depletion induced by obesity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:69-75. [PMID: 33612024 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1797103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are sources of natural antioxidants thanks to their secondary metabolites. Previous studies showed that administration of Erodium glaucophyllum (EG) (Geraniaceae family) was found to alleviate the deleterious effects of obesity-induced damage on liver, heart and kidney. This study, carried out on adult male Wistar rats, evaluates the inhibitory effects of supplementation with E. glaucophyllum extract on obesity. Under our experimental conditions, administration of Erodium aqueous extract decreased the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides levels as well as ASAT, ALAT, LDH, PAL levels and TBARS concentration; and increased the (HDL) with the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) in liver, heart and kidney, compared to HFD group. The anti-obesity effects of the Erodium extract in several organs were mainly due to the interaction of these bioactive molecules (polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannin compounds) and the enzyme system which could be determined by phytochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Samout
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Hafsia Bouzenna
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Akermi
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah ElFeki
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najla Hfaiedh
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences, Gafsa, Tunisia
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Oyetayo FL, Akomolafe SF, Ogundumi OA. Anti-hypercholesterolemic potential of diet supplemented with Anchomanes difformis and Pleurotus tuberregium tubers in high cholesterol fed rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1139-1155. [PMID: 33520831 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background One significant ethnomedicinal motivation behind Pleurotus tuberregium (PTT) and Anchomanes difformis (ADT) tubers is cardiovascular-related conditions treatment. This investigation is in this way planned for deciding the impact of PTT and ADT enhanced eating routine on key enzymes linked with hypercholesterolemia in elevated cholesterol fed rodents. Methods Rats were isolated into control group, hypercholesterolemic-prompted untreated group, hypercholesterolemic-treated groups with dietary routine containing PTT (5% and 10%), ADT (5% and 10%), 5% PTT and 5% ADT conbination and traditional medication, atorvastatin for 28 days. Ten rodents were utilized for every one of the groups. Results Feeding with PTT and ADT comprehensive eating regimen and their combination significantly (P < 0.05) diminished the AChE, HMG-CoA, ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and CK activities and levels of mevalonate, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDLch), atherogenic indices, MDA and ROS yet significantly increased the SOD, CAT, GPx activities, and level of HDL, GSH when contrasted with HC-initiated untreated rodents. Likewise, histopathological of liver and heart demonstrated no obsessive changes in all the treated groups when contrasted with healthy control group. HPLC fingerprinting of the PTT and ADT aqueous concentrates uncovered the nearness of ferulic acid, vanillic acid, catechin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Notwithstanding, aqueous concentrate of ADT contained plentiful convergences of the polyphenolics when contrasted with PTT concentrate. Conclusions The tubers HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity could additionally support their antihypercholesterolemic use in folk medication. Accordingly, the tubers may in this way be valuable as restorative nourishment for helpful treatment of clinical conditions related hypercholesterolemia with the ADT diet holding more guarantee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folake Lucy Oyetayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Seun Funmilola Akomolafe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
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Singh B, Pandey S, Rumman M, Mahdi AA. Neuroprotective effects of Bacopa monnieri in Parkinson's disease model. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:517-525. [PMID: 31834548 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra region and the presence of α-synuclein aggregates in the striatum and surrounding areas of brain. Evidences suggest that neuroinflammation plays a role in the progression of PD. We examined the neuro-protective effects of Bacopa monnieri (BM) in regulating neuroinflammation. Administration of BM suppressed the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased the levels of α-synuclein, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in PD animal model. Pre-treatment of BM showed more prominent results as compare to co- and post-treatment. Results suggest that Bacopa can limit inflammation in the different areas of brain, thus, offers a promising source of novel therapeutics for the treatment of many CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, UP, 226003, India
| | - Shivani Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, UP, 226003, India.
| | - Mohammad Rumman
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, UP, 226003, India
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Ozlu H, Cakir Gundogdu A, Elmazoglu Z, Take Kaplanoglu G, Oktar L, Karasu C. Bacopa Monnieri Protects the Directly Affected Organ as Well as Distant Organs Against I/R Injury by Modulating Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nitrosative Pathways in A Rat Model for Infra-Renal Aortic Occlusion. J INVEST SURG 2020; 34:935-946. [PMID: 32003261 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1716118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of B. monnieri, a medicinal plant, on kidney and skeletal muscle injury induced by infra-renal abdominal aorta clamping for 2-hours (ischemia) and following removal of the clamp (reperfusion, 2-hours). METHODS Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): (I) animals given only saline (sham-control); (II) animals given B. monnieri extract for 10-days (300 mg/kg/day) (Bacopa-treated sham); (III) animals subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); (IV) animals given B. monnieri extract and then subjected to I/R. Kidneys and lower extremity muscles were examined for GPx, CAT, iNOS, 3-NT, IL-1β and TNF-α. Apoptosis and injury were evaluated by TUNEL and H&E staining, respectively. RESULTS I/R resulted in TUNEL positive cells, periarterial edema and glomerular capillary dilatation, decreased GPx activity, unchanged CAT, iNOS, 3-NT, IL-1β and TNF-α in kidney. B. monnieri minimized renal remote reperfusion injury, and Group IV showed a lower degree of renal histopathology score when compared to the others. B. monnieri mitigated muscle I/R injury, decreased muscle hypertrophy, myofibril abnormalities and apoptosis. Muscle 3-NT and cytokine levels were increased by I/R, and B. monnieri inhibited iNOS and 3-NT both in sham-control and I/R groups. Muscle GPx unaffected by I/R or B. monnieri, but CAT was inhibited only in B. monnieri-treated I/R group. Muscle iNOS, 3-NT, IL-1β, TNF-α levels and CAT activity of B. monnieri-treated I/R rats were lower than those in sham-control or Bacopa-treated sham. CONCLUSIONS B. monnieri can protect the directly affected organ as well as distant organs against I/R injury by modulating anti-inflammatory and anti-nitrosative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ozlu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Cakir Gundogdu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Elmazoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cellular Stress Response & Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Take Kaplanoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Oktar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cimen Karasu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cellular Stress Response & Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kamkaew N, Paracha TU, Ingkaninan K, Waranuch N, Chootip K. Vasodilatory Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Bacopa monnieri Active Compounds on Rat Mesenteric Arteries. Molecules 2019; 24:E2243. [PMID: 31208086 PMCID: PMC6630913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B. monnieri extract (BME) is an abundant source of bioactive compounds, including saponins and flavonoids known to produce vasodilation. However, it is unclear which components are the more effective vasodilators. The aim of this research was to investigate the vasorelaxant effects and mechanisms of action of saponins and flavonoids on rat isolated mesenteric arteries using the organ bath technique. The vasorelaxant mechanisms, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway and calcium flux were examined. Saponins (bacoside A and bacopaside I), and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin) at 0.1-100 µM caused vasorelaxation in a concentration-dependent manner. Luteolin and apigenin produced vasorelaxation in endothelial intact vessels with more efficacy (Emax 99.4 ± 0.7 and 95.3 ± 2.6%) and potency (EC50 4.35 ± 1.31 and 8.93 ± 3.33 µM) than bacoside A and bacopaside I (Emax 83.6 ± 2.9 and 79.9 ± 8.2%; EC50 10.8 ± 5.9 and 14.6 ± 5.4 µM). Pretreatment of endothelial intact rings, with L-NAME (100 µM); an eNOS inhibitor, or removal of the endothelium reduced the relaxant effects of all compounds. In K+-depolarised vessels suspended in Ca2+-free solution, these active compounds inhibited CaCl2-induced contraction in endothelial denuded arterial rings. Moreover, the active compounds attenuated transient contractions induced by 10 µM phenylephrine in Ca2+-free medium containing EGTA (1 mM). Thus, relaxant effects occurred in both endothelial intact and denuded vessels which signify actions through both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, the flavonoids have about twice the potency of saponins as vasodilators. However, in the BME, there is ~20 × the amount of vaso-reactive saponins and thus are more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natakorn Kamkaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Tamkeen Urooj Paracha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Krongkarn Chootip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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Sukumaran NP, Amalraj A, Gopi S. Neuropharmacological and cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst - A review on its mechanistic aspects. Complement Ther Med 2019; 44:68-82. [PMID: 31126578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (L.) - (BM) is a perennial, creeping herb which is widely used in traditional ayurvedic medicine as a neural tonic to improve intelligence and memory. Research into the biological effects of this plant has burgeoned in recent years, promising its neuroprotective and memory boosting ability among others. In this context, an extensive literature survey allows an insight into the participation of numerous signaling pathways and oxidative mechanism involved in the mitigation of oxidative stress, along with other indirect mechanisms modulated by bioactive molecules of BM to improve the cognitive action by their synergistic potential and cellular multiplicity mechanism. This multi-faceted review describes the novel mechanisms that underlie the unfounded but long flaunted promises of BM and thereby direct a way to harness this acquired knowledge to develop innovative approaches to manipulate its intracellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Augustine Amalraj
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd, Kolenchery, Cochin 682 311, Kerala, India
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd, Kolenchery, Cochin 682 311, Kerala, India.
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Liao MY, Shen YC, Chiu HF, Ten SM, Lu YY, Han YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Yang SF, Wang CK. Down-regulation of partial substitution for staple food by oat noodles on blood lipid levels: A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:93-100. [PMID: 30648598 PMCID: PMC9298646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Venkatakrishnan K, Chiu HF, Cheng JC, Chang YH, Lu YY, Han YC, Shen YC, Tsai KS, Wang CK. Comparative studies on the hypolipidemic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of catechin-enriched green and oolong tea in a double-blind clinical trial. Food Funct 2018; 9:1205-1213. [PMID: 29384173 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01449j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the beneficial effect of catechin-enriched green tea and oolong tea on mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects. Sixty mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects (180-220 mg dL-1) were enrolled and divided into three groups as catechin-enriched green tea (CEGT), catechin-enriched oolong tea (CEOT) or placebo. The subjects were instructed to drink 2 × 300 mL of CEGT (780.6 mg of catechin), CEOT (640.4 mg of catechin) or placebo beverage for 12 weeks. Drinking CEGT and CEOT significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the body weight, fat, and BMI, lipid peroxidation as well as lipid profile (TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TG). Also, intervention with CEGT and CEOT significantly improved (p < 0.05) the oxidative indices (TEAC and GSH) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR). Moreover, ultrasound examination endorsed the hepatoprotective activity of CEGT and CEOT by reverting mild fatty liver to the normal hepatic condition because of antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. To summarize, both CEGT and CEOT showed similar antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. However, CEOT displayed superior lipid-lowering activity compared to CEGT or placebo, and hence it could be used to amend the wellness condition of mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Quercetin Prevents Diastolic Dysfunction Induced by a High-Cholesterol Diet: Role of Oxidative Stress and Bioenergetics in Hyperglycemic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7239123. [PMID: 29576853 PMCID: PMC5821945 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7239123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Hypercholesterolemia associated with bioenergetic impairment and oxidative stress has not been well characterized in the cardiac function under glycemic control deficiency conditions. This work aimed to determine the cardioprotective effects of quercetin (QUE) against the damage induced by a high-cholesterol (HC) diet in hyperglycemic rats, addressing intracellular antioxidant mechanisms and bioenergetics. Quercetin reduced HC-induced alterations in the lipid profile and glycemia in rats. In addition, QUE attenuated cardiac diastolic dysfunction (increased E:A ratio), prevented cardiac cholesterol accumulation, and reduced the increase in HC-induced myocyte density. Moreover, QUE reduced HC-induced oxidative stress by preventing the decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio, Nrf2 nuclear translocation, HO-1 expression, and antioxidant enzymatic activity. Quercetin also counteracted HC-induced bioenergetic impairment, preventing a reduction in ATP levels and alterations in PGC-1α, UCP2, and PPARγ expression. In conclusion, the mechanisms that support the cardioprotective effect of QUE in rats with HC might be mediated by the upregulation of antioxidant mechanisms and improved bioenergetics on the heart. Targeting bioenergetics with QUE can be used as a pharmacological approach to modulate structural and functional changes of the heart under hypercholesterolemic and hyperglycemic conditions.
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Chiu HF, Hsiao SC, Lu YY, Han YC, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Efficacy of protein rich pearl powder on antioxidant status in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:309-317. [PMID: 29389568 PMCID: PMC9332669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl is one of the well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescribed for treating various skin and bone related disorders due to its abundant proteins and mineral contents. The present investigation focused on antioxidation and life span prolonging effects from different extracts of pearl powder. During in vitro studies, various oxidative indices were evaluated, along with lifespan-prolonging effect were checked using wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans. For the clinical trial, 20 healthy middle-aged subjects were recruited and separated into 2 groups as experimental and placebo group, who received 3 g of pearl powder/d (n = 10) and 3 g of placebo/d (n = 10) for 8 weeks, respectively. During the initial, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th weeks the blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The protein extract of pearl powder recorded maximum (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity (20–68%) as well as efficiently prolonged the life span of C. elegans by 18.87%. Pearl powder supplemented subjects showed a substantial increase (p < 0.05) in total antioxidant capacity from 0.45 to 0.69 mM, total thiols from 0.23 to 0.29 mM, Glutathione content from 5.89 to 9.19 μM, enzymic antioxidant activity (SOD-1248 to 1308; Gpx-30 to 32; GR-2.4 to 2.9) as well as considerably suppressed the lipid peroxidation products from 4.95 to 3.27 μM. The outcome of both in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activity inferred that protein extract of pearl powder was a potent antioxidant and thereby prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans. Hence, pearl powder could be recommended for treating various age-related degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Chun Hsiao
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Ying Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chiu HF, Chen YJ, Lu YY, Han YC, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Regulatory efficacy of fermented plant extract on the intestinal microflora and lipid profile in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:819-827. [PMID: 28987358 PMCID: PMC9328888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of fermented plant products to protect against various metabolic syndromes has been increasing enormously. The objective of this study was to check the regulatory efficacy of fermented plant extract (FPE) on intestinal microflora, lipid profile, and antioxidant status in mildly hypercholesterolemic volunteers. Forty-four mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals (cholesterol 180–220 mg/dL) were recruited and assigned to two groups: experimental or placebo. Volunteers were requested to drink either 60 mL of FPE or placebo for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were done in the initial, 4th, 8th, and 10th weeks. The anthropometric parameters such as body weight, body fat, and body mass index were markedly lowered (p < 0.05) on FPE intervention participants. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity and total phenolics in plasma were considerably increased along with a reduction (p < 0.05) in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) after FPE supplementation. Participants who drank FPE showed a pronounced increase (p < 0.05) in the number of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., whereas the number of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens (p < 0.05) were concomitantly reduced. Furthermore, the lag time of LDL oxidation was substantially ameliorated in FPE-administered group, thus indicating its antioxidative and cardioprotective properties. Treatment with FPE substantially improved the intestinal microflora and thereby positively regulated various physiological functions by lowering the anthropometric parameters, TC, and LDL-c, and remarkably elevated the antioxidant capacity and lag time of LDL oxidation. Therefore, we recommended FPE beverage for combating hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Well-being, Taichung,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Jung Chen
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Ying Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City,
Taiwan, ROC
- Corresponding author. School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (C.-K. Wang)
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Kuppusamy P, Paul Raj RD, Ilavenil S, Kaleeswaran B, Govindan N, Maniam GP, Ravikumar S. Evaluation of antihypercholesterolemic effect using Memecylon edule Roxb. ethanolic extract in cholesterol-induced Swiss albino mice. J Acute Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacme.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Samout N, Bouzenna H, Ettaya A, Elfeki A, Hfaiedh N. Antihypercholesterolemic effect of Cleome arabica L. on high cholesterol diet induced damage in rats. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:791-800. [PMID: 26648825 PMCID: PMC4667569 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol is known to be one of the main risk factors that accelerate oxidation process leading to hypercholesterolemia and attendant cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study, carried out on adult male Wistar rats, was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of supplementation with aqueous of Cleome arabica leaf extract on hypercholesterolemia. After 3 months of treatment, animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Blood serum was obtained by centrifugation. Under our experimental conditions, administration of Cleome arabica leaf extract decreased the total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-chol) and triglycerides (TG) levels by 27 %, 52 %, 37 %, respectively, and reduced SGOT SGPT, LDH and PAL levels in blood serum compared to untreated hypercholesterolemic rats. TBARS concentrations decreased by 21 % in liver, 22 % in heart and 30 % in kidney in a group of rats treated with cholesterol and Cleome arabica (Chol C.ar) compared to a Chol-treated group. The same treatment with Cleome arabica leaf extract increased superoxide dismutase and enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity. Catalase activity was found to increase in liver, heart and kidney by 17 %, 16 % and 23 %, respectively, in the C.ar Chol-treated group. The protective effect of Cleome arabica on hypercholesterolemia inducing oxidative stress in several organs was mainly attributed to antioxidant properties. The latter were due to the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids shown by the obtained HPLC profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Samout
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Road Soukra km 3.5- PB n° 1171-3000, Sfax, Tunisia ; Laboratory Animal Eco Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Hafsia Bouzenna
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Road Soukra km 3.5- PB n° 1171-3000, Sfax, Tunisia ; Laboratory Animal Eco Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Amani Ettaya
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Road Soukra km 3.5- PB n° 1171-3000, Sfax, Tunisia ; Laboratory Animal Eco Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah Elfeki
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Road Soukra km 3.5- PB n° 1171-3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najla Hfaiedh
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Road Soukra km 3.5- PB n° 1171-3000, Sfax, Tunisia ; Laboratory Animal Eco Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia
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Baccaurea angulata fruit inhibits lipid peroxidation and induces the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1435-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zetina-Esquivel AM, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Guzmán-Garcia C, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Castell-Rodríguez AE, Ble-Castillo JL, Avila-Fernandez A, Juárez-Rojop IE, Díaz-Zagoya JC. Effect of <i>Carica papaya</i> Leaf Extract on Serum Lipids and Liver Metabolic Parameters of Rats Fed a High Cholesterol Diet. Health (London) 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2015.79134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effects of Methanol Extract of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) on Atherogenic Indices and Redox Status of Cellular System of Hypercholesterolemic Male Rats. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014:605425. [PMID: 24592277 PMCID: PMC3926424 DOI: 10.1155/2014/605425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of methanol extract of Artocarpus altilis (AA) on atherogenic indices and redox status of cellular system of rats fed with dietary cholesterol while Questran (QUE) served as standard. Biochemical indices such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low- and high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reduced glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed. Hypercholesterolemic (HC) rats had significantly increased relative weight of liver and heart. Dietary cholesterol caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of serum, hepatic, and cardiac TC by 110%, 70%, and 85%, LDL-C by 79%, 82%, and 176%, and TG by 68%, 96%, and 62%, respectively. Treatment with AA significantly reduced the relative weight of the organs and lipid parameters. There were beneficial increases in serum and cardiac HDL-C levels in HC rats treated with AA. In HC rats, serum LDH, ALT, and AST activities and levels of LPO were increased, whereas hepatic and cardiac SOD, CAT, and GPx were reduced. All biochemical and histological alterations were ameliorated upon treatment with AA. Extract of AA had protective effects against dietary cholesterol-induced hypercholesterolemia.
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Li CM, Guo YQ, Dong XL, Li H, Wang B, Wu JH, Wong MS, Chan SW. Ethanolic extract of rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (chuanxiong) enhances endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity in ovariectomized rats fed with high-fat diet. Food Funct 2014; 5:2475-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00211c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (LC), also known as chuanxiong, is a very common herb widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mei Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical College
- Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Dong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical College
- Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Shun-Wan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
- Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
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