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Huang X, Lei S, Xiong X, Wang X, Zhao L, Wang N, Wan N, Li B. Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Herba Epimedii: Enhancing Bone Healing Through Cytoskeletal Regulation of RhoA/Rock1 Pathway. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301383. [PMID: 38212902 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Herba Epimedii is widely used to promote bone healing, and their active ingredients are total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE). Ras homolog gene family member A / Rho-associated protein kinase (RhoA/Rock), an important pathway regulating the cytoskeleton, has been proven to affect bone formation. However, whether TFE promotes bone healing via this pathway remains unclear. In this study, the therapeutic effects of TFE were estimated using micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining of pathological sections. F-actin in osteoblasts was stained to investigate the protective effects of TFE on the cytoskeleton. Its regulatory effects on the RhoA/Rock1 pathway were explored using RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Besides, flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase and nodule calcification staining were performed to evaluate the effects on osteogenesis. The bone healing in rats was improved, the cytoskeletal damage in osteoblasts was reduced, the RhoA/Rock1 pathway was downregulated, and osteogenesis was enhanced after TFE treatment. Thus, TFE can promote bone formation at least partially by regulating the expression of key genes and proteins in the cytoskeleton. The findings of this study provided evidence for clinical applications and would contribute to a better understanding of Epimedium's mechanisms in treating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R., China
| | - Shanshan Lei
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R., China
| | - Xuefeng Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, P. R. China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R., China
| | - Lisha Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R., China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, P. R., China
| | - Na Wan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
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Liu Q, Liu C, Lei B. siRNA Mediated Downregulation of RhoA Expression Reduces Oxidative Induced Apoptosis in Retinal Ganglion Cells. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:630-636. [PMID: 37171014 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230511095628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness. Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is an important mechanism of glaucomatous optic injury. Rho kinase expression is significantly increased in apoptotic RGCs. This study aimed to investigate the role of RhoA, a Rho GTPase, on the survival of RGCs and further to explore its potential therapeutic applications. METHODS RGCs were treated with siRhoA for 24 hours in vitro. Knockdown of RhoA was confirmed with quantitative RT-PCR. Oxidative stress was induced by treating the RGCs with 200 μM of H2O2 for 1 hour, and apoptosis of RGCs was quantified with TUNEL assay in situ, and with flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of RhoA, Nogo receptor, caspase 3 and Bcl-2 were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR, and the protein levels of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, Nogo receptor, caspase 3 and Bcl-2 were evaluated by Western blot. We found siRhoA treatment efficiently downregulated the expression of RhoA in RGCs and protected against H2O2-induced injury in RGCs in vitro. Apoptosis of RGC cells under oxidative stress was quantified in situ using TUNEL assay and confirmed with flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS With the knockdown of RhoA, the expression of ROCK1, ROCK2, Nogo Receptor, Casepase-3 were decreased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was increased in both mRNA and protein level. Our data indicated that siRhoA prevented H2O2-induced apoptosis in RGC cells by modulating the RhoA/ROCK pathway. CONCLUSION The results suggested that siRhoA may exert potentially effective neuroprotection for RGCs by reducing injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Changgeng Liu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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Wang X, Xu X, Zhu Q, Han Y, Zhang W. Hypoxia-induced miR-182-5p regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch by targeting RGS5. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1864-1875. [PMID: 35946384 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In response to vascular injury or alterations in the local environment, such as hypoxia and hypertension, contractile vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are able to switch to a synthetic phenotype characterized by increased extracellular matrix synthesis with decreased expression of contractile markers. miR-182-5p has recently been reported to play a regulatory role in VSMCs proliferation. However, little is known about its target genes and related pathways in VSMCs phenotypic switch. Here, we investigated the function of miR-182-5p in VSMCs phenotypic switch. The results showed that upregulation of miR-182-5p promoted the switching of VSMCs from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistically, hypoxia elevated miR-182-5p, leading to a reduction in expression of contractile markers and weakened RhoA signaling. Using bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays and rescue assays, we demonstrated that miR-182-5p suppressed RhoA signaling by targeting RGS5. Collectively, the results from the present study indicated that miR-182-5p/RGS5/RhoA axis regulated hypoxia-induced VSMCs phenotypic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Wang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Department of Hypertension, Qinghai Cardio-Cerebrovascular Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Hypertension, Qinghai Cardio-Cerebrovascular Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qinfang Zhu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Ying Han
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
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Ahmed SA, Abd El Reheem MH, Elbahy DA. l-Carnitine ameliorates the osteoporotic changes and protects against simvastatin induced myotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113221. [PMID: 35671582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to discover more effective drugs to treat osteoporosis (OP) with fewer side effects. OP was induced in 24 rats using dexamethasone (DEX) 7 mg/kg intramuscular once weekly for four weeks, with six rats as a negative control. The osteoporotic rats were divided into one untreated group (positive control) and three treated groups (n = 6) that received L-carnitine (L-Car) (100 mg/kg/d), simvastatin (SIMV) (10 mg/kg/d), and L-Car + SIMV in the same previous doses, all treatments were orally for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, serum calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), total antioxidant (TAO), creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured. The femur was histopathologically examined. Serum Ca, OPG, and TAO levels increased significantly, while P and ALP levels decreased in the L-Car and SIMV treated groups compared to the DEX-treated group. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in CK, ALT, and AST levels in the L-Car and L-Car + SIMV treated groups compared to the DEX treated group. CONCLUSIONS: L-Car and SIMV have antiosteoporotic effects, as well as a synergistic effect. Moreover, L-Car ameliorates SIMV-induced myotoxicity and hepatoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, 82524, Egypt.
| | | | - Dalia A Elbahy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, 82524, Egypt
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Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Regulates Apoptosis of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through RhoA/p38MAPK Pathway Mediated by miR-133a-5p. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8827891. [PMID: 33763149 PMCID: PMC7964106 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8827891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment possesses a beneficial effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the molecular mechanism of the EA effect is not fully understood. The study aimed to explore the protective effect of EA pretreatment on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and apoptosis-related mechanisms in rats. Rats underwent in vivo myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, EA pretreatment, or intravenous injection of antagomirs. Cardiac function, infarct area, and myocardial cell apoptosis were measured. Meanwhile, the expressions of MKK3, MKK6, p38MAPK, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 were also detected. We found that EA pretreatment significantly reduced infarct area and myocarpal cell apoptosis and enhanced cardiac function. EA pretreatment decreased the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, MKK3, MKK6, p38MAPK, Bax, and Caspase-3. In conclusion, The EA pretreatment down regulated the expression of MKK3, MKK6, and p38MAPK through the RhoA/p38MAPK pathway. EA pretreatment protect MIRI rats from apoptosis by down regulating the expression of MKK3, MKK6, and p38MAPK, thereby reducing the expression of Bax, Caspase-3 and up regulating the expression of Bcl-2, which mechanism is closely related to the RhoA/p38MAPK pathway mediated by miR-133a-5p.
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Si Q, Shi Y, Huang D, Zhang N. Diosmetin alleviates hypoxia‑induced myocardial apoptosis by inducing autophagy through AMPK activation. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1335-1341. [PMID: 32627001 PMCID: PMC7339627 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosmetin has shown great potential in the control of several diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of diosmetin as a candidate agent for the treatment of myocardial infarction which was mainly caused by hypoxia. The model of hypoxia‑injured myocardial cells was established using the H9c2 cell line. Cell viability was determined using Cell Counting Kit‑8, cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V‑FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit and cleaved caspase‑3 level was assessed by western blot analysis. Autophagy was monitored using a commercial kit, and a well‑established reporter system was used to confirm the role of diosmetin in autophagy. The activity of adenosine 5'‑monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling was detected by western blot analysis. Cell viability assay indicated that diosmetin alleviated hypoxia‑induced cell death of H9c2 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Data of the apoptosis assay revealed that diosmetin reduced the proportion of apoptotic cells in the hypoxia‑injured H9c2 cells. It was also found that the occurrence of autophagy was promoted when hypoxia‑injured cells were treated with diosmetin alone, and results of the western blot analysis revealed that AMPK signaling was activated by diosmetin. Administration of diosmetin together with an inhibitor of autophagy (3‑methyladenine, 3‑MA) or AMPK (Compound C) was able to decrease the diosmetin‑induced autophagy as well as the cytoprotective effects in the hypoxia‑injured cells. Our study concluded that diosmetin exhibits a cytoprotective effect on hypoxia‑injured myocardial cells by inducing autophagy and alleviating apoptosis. AMPK was demonstrated to regulate the observed effects caused by diosmetin. This investigation confirmed diosmetin as a promising drug candidate for myocardial infarction treatment. The present findings regarding the inherent molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of diosmetin promote the clinical application of diosmetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Si
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Cardiovascular Disease Institute, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Preclinical School, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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Protective effect of piceatannol and bioactive stilbene derivatives against hypoxia-induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and structural elucidation as 5-LOX inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:637-647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Izol V, Ardo IA, Tansu Z, Doran F, Eren Erdo& K, Mahir Kapl H, ingirik E, Ertu P, Pazarci P. Hypericum perforatum Extract Against Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Oedema in Kidney Induced by Gentamicin. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.66.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang X, Mao R, Chen W. FSD-C10 Shows Therapeutic Effects in Suppressing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-Induced Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Apoptosis via Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Kinase (ROCK)/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5509-5516. [PMID: 30088495 PMCID: PMC6097139 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ox-LDL-induced injury of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) is strongly associated with cerebral vascular diseases such as cerebral arterial atherosclerosis. ROCK inhibitor was proved to be anti-apoptotic and has been used in treating cerebral vascular diseases. Research on the neuroprotective effects of a novel ROCK inhibitor, FSD-C10, is still limited. The present study investigated the anti-apoptotic effect and underlying molecular mechanism of FSD-C10 in ox-LDL-mediated apoptosis of BMECs. MATERIAL AND METHODS ox-LDL and/or FSD-C10 were used to incubate immortalized human BMECs. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. A colorimetric method was used to assess ROCK activity. Western blot analysis was used to examine the expression and phosphorylation levels of proteins. RESULTS ox-LDL incubation reduced the viability of BMECs by inducing cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. ROCK activity was also elevated by ox-LDL incubation in BMECs in a concentration-dependent manner. Expression level of Bcl2 was reduced while expression levels of Bax and active caspase3 were increased by ox-LDL treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. ox-LDL also increased the phosphorylation levels of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 in a concentration-dependent manner. FSD-C10 treatment increased the cell viability by reducing apoptosis of BMECs exposed to ox-LDL. Moreover, FSD-C10 was found to suppress the phosphorylation levels of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 and the expression levels of Bax and active caspase3 in ox-LDL treated BMECs. CONCLUSIONS FSD-C10 increases cell viability in ox-LDL-treated BMECs by reducing cell apoptosis. ROCK/MAPKs-mediated apoptosis appears to be the underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Rongyan Mao
- Department of Neurology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Yang J, Ruan F, Zheng Z. Ripasudil Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells via ROCK2/eNOS Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3212-3219. [PMID: 29766980 PMCID: PMC5984573 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular endothelial inflammation and apoptosis are responsible for septic acute lung injury (ALI). Ripasudil is a novel Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor which shows therapeutic effects on several vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and correlated molecular mechanisms of ripasudil on lipopolysaccharide- induced inflammation and apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Cultured PMVECs were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ripasudil at various concentrations was used to treat the cells. Several cells were also co-administrated with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Terminal dUTP transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect the apoptosis. The colorimetric method was used to measure the activity of eNOS and ROCK2. Protein phosphorylation and expression were assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS Ripasudil attenuated the LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in PMVECs, which was reversed by L-NAME. Ripasudil suppressed ROCK2 activity and further increased the eNOS activity. Ripasudil treatment increased the phosphorylation of eNOS, increased the expression level of Bcl2, and decreased the expression level of active caspase3 in LPS-treated PMVECs. Moreover, the ripasudil treatment also inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and further suppressed the levels of interleukin (IL) 6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α. The co-treatment with L-NAME, however, impaired the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of ripasudil on PMVECs without affecting ROCK2. CONCLUSIONS The novel ROCK2 inhibitor ripasudil suppressed LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in PMVECs by regulating the ROCK2/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Ruan
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongjun Zheng
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Zhang XH, Feng ZH, Wang XY. The ROCK pathway inhibitor Y-27632 mitigates hypoxia and oxidative stress-induced injury to retinal Müller cells. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:549-555. [PMID: 29623943 PMCID: PMC5900521 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho kinase (ROCK) was the first downstream Rho effector found to mediate RhoA-induced actin cytoskeletal changes through effects on myosin light chain phosphorylation. There is abundant evidence that the ROCK pathway participates in the pathogenesis of retinal endothelial injury and proliferative epiretinal membrane traction. In this study, we investigated the effect of the ROCK pathway inhibitor Y-27632 on retinal Müller cells subjected to hypoxia or oxidative stress. Müller cells were subjected to hypoxia or oxidative stress by exposure to CoCl2 or H2O2. After a 24-hour treatment with Y-27632, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess the survival of Müller cells. Hoechst 33258 was used to detect apoptosis, while 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was used to measure reactive oxygen species generation. A transwell chamber system was used to examine the migration ability of Müller cells. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin, glutamine synthetase and vimentin. After treatment with Y-27632, Müller cells subjected to hypoxia or oxidative stress exhibited a morphology similar to control cells. Y-27632 reduced apoptosis, α-smooth muscle actin expression and reactive oxygen species generation under oxidative stress, and it reduced cell migration under hypoxia. Y-27632 also upregulated glutamine synthetase expression under hypoxia but did not impact vimentin expression. These findings suggest that Y-27632 protects Müller cells against cellular injury caused by oxidative stress and hypoxia by inhibiting the ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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12
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Guo X, Liu X. Nogo receptor knockdown and ciliary neurotrophic factor attenuate diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2030-2036. [PMID: 28656312 PMCID: PMC5562098 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated whether Nogo receptor (NgR) knockdown and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) treatment, either alone or in combination, ameliorated diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetic rat model. STZ‑induced diabetic rats were administrated for a total of 12 weeks with 3 µM siRNA (5 µl) once every 6 weeks and/or 1 µg CNTF weekly. The retinal tissues were excised. We measured cell number in ganglion cell layer (GCL) using H&E staining and cell apoptosis using TUNEL assay. Bax, Bcl‑2, Caspase‑3, F‑actin, GAP‑43, NgR, RhoA and Rock1 levels were then analyzed by Western blotting, Immunohistochemistry or Real‑time PCR. We found that NgR siRNA or CNTF injection alone significantly increased cell count in GCL in diabetic rats, inhibited ganglion cell apoptosis, elevated Bcl‑2, F‑actin and GAP‑43, and decreased Bax, Caspase‑3, NgR, RhoA and Rock1 levels. Combination treatment further prevented retinal ganglion cell loss, enhanced growth cone cytoskeleton and axonal regeneration, and suppressed NgR/RhoA/Rock1. Our results indicate that combination therapy has therapeutic potential for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Xuezheng Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Xuezheng Liu, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China, E-mail:
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14
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Jing L, Li Q, He L, Sun W, Jia Z, Ma H. Protective Effect of Tempol Against Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in H9c2 Cells. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:159-165. [PMID: 28428533 PMCID: PMC5408902 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.903764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-induced oxidant stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are considered essential processes in the progression of heart failure. Tempol is a nitroxide compound that scavenges many reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Tempol against hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cell line, in addition to related mechanisms. Material/Methods H9c2 cells were pre-treated with Tempol, followed by hypoxia (37°C, 5% CO2, and 95% N2) for 24 h. Cell viability was detected using MTT assay. ROS level was evaluated using DCFH-DA. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated using the relevant kits. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/7-AAD double labelling. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules was assessed with RT-PCR analysis and Western blotting. Results Tempol protected H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced injury, with characteristics of increased the cell viability and reduced LDH and CK release. Tempol also reduced oxidant stress by inhibiting ROS generation and lipid peroxidation, as well as enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, Tempol pretreatment upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3, thereby reducing hypoxia-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Conclusions These results indicate that Tempol reduces the hypoxia-induced oxidant stress and apoptosis in H9c2 cells by scavenging free radicals and modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Lei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Huiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
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González-Rodríguez P, Falcón D, Castro MJ, Ureña J, López-Barneo J, Castellano A. Hypoxic induction of T-type Ca(2+) channels in rat cardiac myocytes: role of HIF-1α and RhoA/ROCK signalling. J Physiol 2015; 593:4729-45. [PMID: 26331302 DOI: 10.1113/jp271053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T-type Ca(2+) channels are expressed in the ventricular myocytes of the fetal and perinatal heart, but are normally downregulated as development progresses. Interestingly, however, these channels are re-expressed in adult cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions. We investigated low voltage-activated T-type Ca(2+) channel regulation in hypoxia in rat cardiomyocytes. Molecular studies revealed that hypoxia induces the upregulation of Cav 3.2 mRNA, whereas Cav 3.1 mRNA is not significantly altered. The effect of hypoxia on Cav 3.2 mRNA was time- and dose-dependent, and required hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stabilization. Patch-clamp recordings confirmed that T-type Ca(2+) channel currents were upregulated in hypoxic conditions, and the addition of 50 μm NiCl2 (a T-type channel blocker) demonstrated that the Cav 3.2 channel is responsible for this upregulation. This increase in current density was not accompanied by significant changes in the Cav 3.2 channel electrophysiological properties. The small monomeric G-protein RhoA and its effector Rho-associated kinase I (ROCKI), which are known to play important roles in cardiovascular physiology, were also upregulated in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes subjected to hypoxia. Pharmacological experiments indicated that both proteins were involved in the observed upregulation of the Cav 3.2 channel and the stabilization of HIF-1α that occurred in response to hypoxia. These results suggest a possible role for Cav 3.2 channels in the increased probability of developing arrhythmias observed in ischaemic situations, and in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with hypoxic Ca(2+) overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- P González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - D Falcón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M J Castro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Ureña
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J López-Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Castellano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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