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Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Trial. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8213082. [PMID: 32565786 PMCID: PMC7273440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8213082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The unresponsiveness to conventional pharmacological treatments and their side effects have led patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to use complementary and alternative medicine such as herbal remedies. Beside, Zataria multiflora Boiss (ZM), Trachyspermum ammi L. (TA), and Anethum graveolens L. (AG) are being used as an antiseptic, carminative, and antispasmodic in traditional medicine. This trial investigated the efficacy and safety of a combination of ZM, AG, and TA essential oils in the treatment of IBS. Method The present study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial with parallel groups in Iran. Patients in the control arm received three tablets of 10 mg hyoscine butylbromide daily for two weeks, and the intervention arm was daily treated with two 250 mg softgel capsules containing 180 mg of essential oils of ZM, AG, and TA for two weeks. Primary outcomes were the response rates based on the IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS), IBS Adequate Relief (IBS-AR), and IBS Global Assessment Improvement (IBS-GAI) at the end and two weeks after the end of the intervention. Secondary outcomes were the improvement rates in IBS-SSS scores, improving the quality of life, safety, and tolerability. Results The posttreatment improvement percentage based on IBS-AR, IBS-GAI, and IBS-SSS scales was 83.9%, 75%, and 87% in the intervention group and 37.9%, 27.5%, and 34.4% in the control group, respectively (P < 0.001). Also, the improvement of the quality of life in the herbal medicine arm was significantly more than that in the control arm (P < 0.001). Conclusions According to the results, the herbal medicine investigated in this study can be considered an appropriate alternative treatment for IBS.
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Sharma D, Patel S, Verma K, Gudlawar S, Chakraborty D, Paliwal S, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Antibacterial and antidiarrheal activity of Butea Monospermea bark extract against waterborne enterobacter Cloacae in rodents: In-vitro, Ex-vivo and In-Vivo evidences. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:112014. [PMID: 31181315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (family Leguminosae), popularly known as 'Palash' possess numerous medicinal properties since ancient times. According to the Wealth of India, stem bark of this plant exhibits various therapeutic properties like antimicrobial, astringent, styptic, aphrodisiac, and anti-inflammatory. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the present study was to investigate antibacterial and antidiarrheal effect of B. monosperma bark against newly isolated gram negative pathogenic bacterial strain Enterobacter cloacae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extract of B. monosperma bark (BMAqE) was subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis for determination of bioactive components. Antibacterial study of BMAqE was assessed using bacterial growth kinetic study, fluorescence spectroscopy, outer and inner membrane permeability assay, dehydrogenase inhibitory assay and protein leakage assay followed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) study. Antidiarrheal activity was studied using castor oil induced diarrhea model in albino rats followed by histopathology studies of rat ileum. RESULTS LC-MS/MS analysis of BMAqE revealed presence of twenty-two different active phytoconstituents out of which most of the constituents belong to flavonoid and polyphenol family. BMAqE showed MIC and MBC (IC90) value of 5 and 200 μg/mL against targeted bacterial strain. BMAqE exhibited potent and dose dependent bactericidal effect via disruption of integrity of bacterial cell membrane, enzymatic degradation, leakage of intracellular protein and ruptured bacterial cell. In castor oil induced diarrhea model, BMAqE (200 mg/kg; orally) caused marked reduction (75.66%) in the frequency of defecation and mean weight of faeces (0.54 ± 0.04) when compared to control group (2.26 ± 0.25). Histopathology study revealed marked restoration of cellular architecture of rat ileum tissue. Four known flavonoids were isolated from BMAqE using column chromatography. In ex-vivo study, BMAqE (0.0002, 0.0004 and 0.0006 g/L) and isolated flavonoids i.e. rhamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol and catechin (0.5, 5 & 50 μm) produced a significant (p < 0.001) change in EC50 and indicated competitive phenomena via rightward shift of acetylcholine CRC with pA2 of 3.78, 8.0, 7.1, 7.0 and 6.9 respectively. CONCLUSION BMAqE exhibits impressive antibacterial and anti-diarrheal activity and can be effectively used to eradicate water borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Saraswati Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Shiva Gudlawar
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Dipjyoti Chakraborty
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
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Mahmoudpour Z, Shokri J, Kamalinejad M, Meftah N, Khafri S, Mozaffarpur SA, Shirafkan H. The efficacy of a Persian herbal formulation on functional bloating: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2019; 17:344-350. [PMID: 31201146 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bloating is a common gastrointestinal complaint which is difficult to treat. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the efficacy and compliance of a formulation called KAASER comprised of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague seed, Zingiber officinale Roscoe. rhizome and Piper nigrum L. berry in the treatment of functional bloating. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION A total of 106 patients with functional bloating, between 20 and 50 years of age, participated in this double-blind randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into 3 parallel groups that received 500 mg of placebo, dimethicone or KAASER, three times a day for 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The frequency and severity of bloating were primary outcomes, while the frequencies of eructation, defecation, borborygmus and early satiation were secondary outcomes. All parameters were evaluated at the beginning (week 0), and also weeks 2, 4 and 10 of the study, through self-report checklists with a scoring system. RESULTS Among the 84 patients who completed the study, the frequency and severity of bloating (P < 0.001), the frequencies of eructation, defecation and borborygmus (P = 0.03) were significantly improved in the group receiving KAASER (36 patients) compared with the dimethicone (35 patients) and placebo (35 patients) groups, during the 3 phases of follow-up. These significant differences persisted through the 2 and 8 weeks of follow-ups after cessation of medication (week 4 and 10). In early satiation, no significant differences were observed among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION The results showed that KAASER can be effectively used to treat patients suffering from bloating. Bloating, eructation, defecation and borborygmus in the KAASER group remained significantly improved after 2 and 8 weeks of cessation of medication, making this mechanism an interesting area for further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration trial IRCT2015100324327N on Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zienab Mahmoudpour
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47745-47176, Iran; Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47745-47176, Iran
| | - Javad Shokri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47745-47176, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19968-35113, Iran
| | - Neda Meftah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47745-47176, Iran
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47745-47176, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47745-47176, Iran.
| | - Hoda Shirafkan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471-16548, Iran
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Joseph N, Tom Esther NL, Télesphore Benoît N, Paul Désiré DD, Oumarou Bibi-Farouck A, Théophile D, Pierre K. Effects of the aqueous extract of Pittosporum mannii Hook. f. (Pittosporaceae) stem barks on spontaneous and spasmogen-induced contractile activity of isolated rat duodenum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:1-9. [PMID: 26068425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pittosporum mannii Hook. f. (Pittosporaceae) is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Cameroon for the treatment of many gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhea. To date, no pharmacological study on the antidiarrheal and the antispasmodic properties of this plant has been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the relaxant activity of the aqueous extract of stem barks of P. mannii (PMAE) on rat duodenum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different concentrations of PMAE were tested separately (10-80 µg/mL) or cumulatively (5-80 µg/mL) on spontaneous and spasmogen (carbachol, histamine and KCl)-induced contractions of isolated rat duodenum strips. RESULTS At concentrations ranging from 10 to 80 µg/mL, PMAE significantly decreased the tonus and the amplitude of spontaneous contractions. However, at high concentration (80 µg/mL), the extract elicited a transient relaxation was followed by a slight increase of tonus, while the amplitude remained lower compared to the normal spontaneous activity. The relaxant effect of the extract was not significantly affected in the presence of atropine (0.713 µg/mL) and promethazine (0.5 µg/mL). In addition, PMAE (20, 40, and 80 µg/mL) partially but significantly inhibited in a concentration related manner the contractions induced by carbachol (10(-9)-10(-4)M) and histamine (10(-9)-10(-4)M) on rat duodenum. PMAE (10-80 µg/mL) also significantly induced a concentration-dependent relaxation on KCl (20mM, 50mM, 10(-3)-6.10(-3)M)-induced contraction of rat duodenum. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the aqueous extract of P. mannii stem barks possesses antispasmodic and spasmolytic effects at lower concentrations; therefore, supporting the use of the stem barks of this plant in the folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea. However, caution should be paid while using higher concentrations that instead might produce spasmogenic effect and might worsen the diarrheal condition. The relaxant effect of PMAE appears to be non-specific of muscarinic or histaminic receptors, but may involve at least in part a mechanism of inhibition of the Ca(2+) influx into the smooth muscle cells through voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njiaza Joseph
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ngo Lemba Tom Esther
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, High Teachers׳ Training College, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nguelefack Télesphore Benoît
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Aboubakar Oumarou Bibi-Farouck
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Dimo Théophile
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Kamtchouing Pierre
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Naghibi SM, Ramezani M, Ayati N, Zakavi SR. Carum induced hypothyroidism: an interesting observation and an experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:5. [PMID: 25616491 PMCID: PMC4310175 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carum carvi is a widely available herb that has been used as a food additive and as a medication in traditional medicine for many years. Its potential biological effects include analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety and antispasmodic activities. We report a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma who were under treatment with levothyroxine and experienced an elevated TSH level by ingestion of Carum carvi. TSH level was increased to 60.3 mIU/L with no change in levothyroxine dosage and decreased to normal range after discontinuation of the Carum carvi. Observing this dramatic change in TSH level by carum ingestion, carum carvi capsules was produced and one of the researcher tried the medication on herself with a dose of 40 mg/kg/day. She had a history of hypothyroidism and was taking 100 ugr/day of levothyroxine. TSH was markedly increased 2 weeks after ingestion of Carum carvi and returned to normal range 5 months after discontinuation of it. This case report shows the effect of consumption of Carum carvi in increasing TSH level in hypothyroid patients treating with levothyroxine. The exact mechanism of action of carum carvi remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Maryam Naghibi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Buali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Narjess Ayati
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Rasoul Zakavi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hejazian SH, Bagheri SM, Safari F. Spasmolytic and Anti-Spasmodic Action of Trachyspermum ammi Essence on Rat's Ileum Contraction. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 6:643-7. [PMID: 25599053 PMCID: PMC4290054 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.147982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Trachyspermum ammi is a plant of umbelliferae family and has been traditionally used in the treatment of many gastrointestinal disorders such as indigestion, colic, and diarrhea. Our previous study demonstrated that aqueous extract of Trachyspermum ammi reduced the contractile activity of rat's ileum. Aims: This study was designed to examine the effect of Trachyspermum ammi essence on acetylcholine-induced contraction in isolated rat's ileum. Materials and Methods: In this experimental procedure, the tissue samples were suspended from the transducer lever and mounted on the organ bath containing Tyrode's solution. Isotonic responses were recorded by using an isotonic transducer and the amplitude of contractions. This process was induced by cumulative logarithmic concentrations of acetylcholine before and after exposing tissue by saline and different concentrations of essence. Results: The chemical constituents of the essence from distillate extract of Trachyspermum ammi seeds were studied by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the chemical analysis showed many components in which thymol was the main constituent. Our findings showed that the essence derived from the extract in all concentrations used in this study (0.002, 0.005, and 0.01% V/V) significantly reduced acetylcholine-induced contractions (47.34, 60.46, and 86%, respectively, P < 0.05). The same concentrations of the essence also exhibit a significant anti-spasmodic action on acetylcholine-induced contractions (0.1,88.3, and 90.7%, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Since thymol was the major constituent of our samples of Trachyspermum ammi, the relaxant effect observed in this study is probably due to this agent which can exert an anti-cholinergic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hassan Hejazian
- Department of Physiology/Herbal Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyyed Majid Bagheri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
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Bagheri S, Hejazian S, Dashti-R M. The Relaxant Effect of Seed's Essential Oil and Oleo-Gum-Resin of Ferula Assa-Foetida on Isolated Rat's Ileum. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:238-41. [PMID: 24761245 PMCID: PMC3991947 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.129050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In Iranian folk medicine, several plants are used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea and spasm. One of these herbal medications are the essential oil yielded from seeds of Ferula assa-foetida L. and an oleo-gum-resin known as asafetida, which is exudated from its root. F. assa-foetida grows wildly in south and central mountains of Iran. Aim: In this study, relaxant effect of asafoetida and seed's essential oil of F. assa-foetida was investigated in isolated rat's ileum in three doses. Materials and Methods: A total of 5 cm of ileum was removed and sets for recording its isotonic contractions. The amplitude of contractions induced by different doses of asafoetida and essential oil before and after exposing the specimens with cumulative logarithmic concentrations of acetylcholine (Ach) was evaluated. The relaxant effect of asafoetida and seed's essential oil of F. assa-foetida was investigated in isolated rat's ileum in three doses (0.1 0.2 and 0.3%). All statistical analysis was by GraphPad Prism 5 (San Diego, California) and comparisons were made by means of the analysis of variances followed by Tukey's test. The statistical significance was considered as P < 0.05. Results: Asafoetida produced an antispasmodic effect on Ach induced contraction in 0.2% and 0.3% concentrations. Our findings also showed that essential oil has significant antispasmodic action against cumulative concentrations of 10-12 up to 10-2 M Ach. In spasmolytic evaluation, our findings showed that the essential oil derived from F. assa-foetida seed in concentrations of 0.2% and 0.3% significantly reduced Ach (10-4 M) induced contractions. Exposure to the 0.2% and 0.3% asafoetida, reduced the percentage of maximum contraction induced by 10-4 M Ach to 43% and 12% respectively, which this reduction was statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of the present study, supports the traditional claim of asafoetida as an antispasmodic therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sm Bagheri
- Department of Physiology/Herbal Medicine Research Center, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sh Hejazian
- Department of Physiology/Herbal Medicine Research Center, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mh Dashti-R
- Department of Physiology/Herbal Medicine Research Center, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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